Sky Caves of Nepal, Part 2: The Scientist | Nat Geo Live

National Geographic grantee and archaeologist Mark Aldenderfer reveals the treasures waiting to be discovered within the sky caves of Nepal - stunning murals, deteriorating manuscripts, and ancient artifacts - in the second of this three-part series.
➡ Subscribe: bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe
➡ Get More Nat Geo Live: bit.ly/MoreNatGeoLive
About Nat Geo Live (National Geographic Live):
Thought-provoking presentations by today's leading explorers, scientists, and photographers.
Get More National Geographic:
Official Site: bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite
Facebook: bit.ly/FBNatGeo
Twitter: bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter
Instagram: bit.ly/NatGeoInsta
About National Geographic:
National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.
Sky Caves of Nepal, Part 2: The Scientist | Nat Geo Live
• Sky Caves of Nepal, Pa...
National Geographic
/ natgeo

[@Ninda_Ers]

Hey, i am from mustang living in NY. This research was remarkable! And i truly appreciate National Geographic & Mark for uncovering these ancient artifacts.

[@jatadharimusafir9787]

this is great to know you are from mustang

[@khokrodeshbhaktilaifku2602]

thanks for washing NY's dishes

[@birajbista7767]

Paradieyes I think u should come to mustang and do something to protect thees place

[@groovydon]

khokro deshbhakta lai fku haha somebody is fcking jealous. Butthurt guy you’ll never see another world besides wherever you are living. What a douche.

[@acharya1574]

@@khokrodeshbhaktilaifku2602 bruh...seriously?

[@ABeautifulMind936]

Thank you national geographic team for making efforts to preserve Nepali Tourism Center.

[@padamshrees3679]

Nepal is an interesting country in the world

[@eyan1114]

Yep its for thos who look at Nepal but not its Economy

[@TriedOneMoreTime]

@@eyan1114 what do you mean dude

[@eyan1114]

@@TriedOneMoreTime i mean Nepal is an interesting country but many people hav steriotypes that Nepal is poor country so they arent interested

[@HimalayanDreams]

There has something more and interesting than Mt. Everest and Lumbini.

[@pradipbista607]

you better bring these back to nepal.

[@Desolate-Utopia]

Very interesting indeed, thanks for uploading this.

[@aamakonepalieasyfood761]

A great research. The scientist involved in this project seems extremely dedicated to his mission. Thank you for your great presentation. Through your presentation I got the knowledge of silk route through which different trades had taken place. Mustang seems the place of transit for crossing great mountains that separated China and Nepal.

[@sujanmanandhar725]

Love. Nepal 🙏🙏🙏🇳🇵🇳🇵🇳🇵🇳🇵

[@ashutoshjha1652]

For more archeological evidence and ethnographic evidences and the history of Mustang I suggest you should probably contact good archeologist present in Nepal. I would suggest the name of Mr. Tara Nanda Mishra who is a living encyclopedia of archeology in Nepal. He is mostly famous for the works he did in the excavation of Lumbini. He was also the ex-deputy director of the Department of Archeology, then HMG Nepal

[@lakharlakharhideko1235]

good show thank you national geographic for that

[@sangielissa]

agreed! Land of Many Mysteries

[@sanatandharma7283]

Thanks for making videos of my country nepal

[@sudinshrestha3767]

thank you sir for research and presentation of my country

[@jojodelima1953]

These are very educational, informative, of people and culture in remote regions of the world

[@Fullmoonprime]

Single life is not enough to completely explore Nepal.......Upper Mustang is no 1 in my travel list for next autumn.

[@yugalsuhang5319]

Wonderful research so fascinating to learn about the history keep it up .And I sincerely apologise behalf my fellow Nepalese who are just filled with hatred . So many shameful comments such a disgrace and I feel ashamed .

[@manishbasnet1928]

Fabulous...

[@nivaanzunain9276]

This is nepal and im from nepal im proud of that

[@nivaanzunain9276]

@ why dickhead ?do you have any suitable reason to tell nothing to be proud for me 😡

[@nanilama7016]

@ do u know wat proud means... watever

[@MsKTMvalley]

great speaker :) thanks NG

[@peoplearesomemonkeys8920]

Im from nepal

[@devaranagamani782]

Thanking you sir.

[@SuckMyDeek69]

YES!! This is my NEPAL.

[@Daiin0]

ekdam ramro:)

[@jayramdahal3799]

wow great video

[@GINNERMAN]

"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it" - George Santanaya. Naivety is a bad thing, how can you have a future without a past?

[@kccoder5339]

NEPAL HIDDEN SECREAT OF WORLD..........LOV U NEPAL..

[@imthebops]

Very beautiful country

[@sayalpandey5916]

hat's off to national geographic channel

[@studentofthedecade4324]

In Buddhism there is a belief that we the human beings should make best use of ourselves to help other beings, it is the reason why ancient Buddhist used to feed a flesh of a death person to vultures and animals instead of burying or cremating it.

[@dhirajsubba6364]

Maybe he was warlord that looted merchants travelling through mustang. That's how he got all the silk and the glass beads and those caves was his hideout :P

[@surenyakha2822]

धन्यबाद

[@rijubhattarai4950]

I love my country Nepal

[@RameshShrestha-xv6pz]

Thank you for introducing Nepal[Mustang]

[@dhrubathapa6202]

good

[@bishanpariyar9788]

Nice

[@itsolivier]

It is the future and we continue to find our way forward while looking back through the rear view mirror to measure our distance of travel as of yet.

[@santoshsapkota2617]

Oh yes Nepal 😍😍😍😍😍😍

[@thaimo23]

Mark Aldenderfer is HANDSOME!

[@chalked3]

love

[@karmanamgyal3519]

1:25 Antiquities that go back to 20000 to 25000 years?? That is fascinating. I would really like to know something about that. Are these caves more than 20000 years old?

[@3ffklV]

Really beautiful country.. Wanna visit there for second time... Lots of love for nepal❤️😍😍

[@silentassassin_69]

Been living in Nepal since birth... Can't wait to escape from here😍😍

[@hellogiri856]

@@silentassassin_69 so you can go to your india why are you living in Nepal and I can clearly say you are Indian and hate Nepal

[@silentassassin_69]

@@hellogiri856 im a nepalese i said i wanna travel world not just india

[@R369GRG]

Dilip rai nice one!!!!!!!! Thumbs up

[@dhrubathapa6202]

yeah its fact

[@rebeemshrestha6620]

Nepals history dates way back even before America was discovered

[@sudinshrestha3767]

Nepal government should bring effective policies to preserve this place

[@Ninda_Ers]

To those who are offended by this video, reconsider that these artifacts could've been stolen or lost. Not to be expatriate but I believe that the first settlers in that region were Tibetans. I was sent to a Tibetan/Nepali school by my parents. I can tell that Tibetan script was more preferable than Nepali to people living in Mustang because of the similarity between Mustangi(language) and Tibetan. I am from Charang if you wonder!!

[@swasg3129]

Tibetan script originates from Kathmandu

[@ashwindedhia7175]

Gentlemen doing great job.

[@pinjal2481]

Funeral rituals are quiet bizarre... With the limited availability of wood, burying was the next choice. What I think is that the animal heads, mask, beads, silk and coin are a symbol of respect to the dead. But what baffles me is that, most precious belongings or property of dead individuals are usually handed down to off-springs, rather than being buried with the individual. And also the remains of the child is quiet mysterious.

[@barshakc2496]

wowwwwwwww

[@thejavaman53]

Barsha Kc somebody teach this girl how to spell correct.😡

[@PadambkDailekhi]

ya hoo hi

[@MMooreFTW]

He has some awesome hair.

[@rbnh9827]

Hoina yo nepali lai kina saan jharnaapareko..comment section ma ?..sab india lai gali matra gardai chan ta...aafnai desh ma aayera khaire le aafnai desh ko etihas khojdidai cha..thankful hunu ta ka ho ka..euta jabo india sanga connect bhayo bhanera gali garchan ta ba.. Jhan aafnai desh ko significance banaidi rako cha hai.. Aru desh ka manche le here bhane pani, nepal aauna bhanda pahilai bhagchan yesto comment dekhera.. ajha english structure ra grammar heryo bhane, bau le school ni pathayena cha bhanne khalko.. free internet ko durupayog..

[@anilmeche133]

Andy Gray ah tai muji matra chas yaha ko mahamahim ek dui ota english geet sundai ma khaire bhais muji

[@48hd38]

Makachut heru !!!

[@aayushldbhatta4855]

Nepal has got many secrets yet to be discover. You are welcome to Nepal ❤

[@Nepal.Police]

*To be stolen

[@michaelmallal9101]

Mortuary caves sort of like mortuary temples in Egypt?

[@bikkilovesmuzic]

So what? You know that Kirati, Gurung, Magar and many more ethnic groups came from Tibet some centuries ago, right? People like you are the main obstacle of national integration and reconstruction! P.s. My ethnicity is Gurung, but nationality is Nepali,

[@prabinkarki4157]

They actually came from burma than tibet

[@sshrrestthhha7266]

Prabin Karki Some groups of magars (not all magars) came from pre-burma, rest came from Tibeten region.

[@worachitt9061]

All yellow people: Chinese, tibetan, Burmest, Korean , Mongolian(mix) thirty thousand year ago come from Nepal area.

[@milanbaram1649]

@@worachitt9061 how did you know?

[@dilipraii]

the aryan brought hinduism into nepal after defeating kirat rule. the aryan licchavis came from north india and defeated kirat rule in 330AD. the aryan licchavis brought hinduism, caste system into nepal.

[@dilipraii]

@Rosan Giri Patan, a small town in Kathmandu, Nepal is one of the oldest settlements and civilizations in the world. Patan is also known by Yala....a name after kirat king yalmber. It is now widely accepted that Kirat people arrived from northeast of Nepal that is the present-day Yangtze river valley in China. According to various historians, Kirat arrived in Nepal from northeast Nepal indicating they migrated down from the Yangtze River valley in China, through Burma and entering Assam in ancient times. According to the anthropologist Dor Bahadur Bista (Tribhuvan University) and historian Suniti Kumar Chatterji (Calcutta University), Kirats migrated from the east via north Burma and Assam along the mid-hills with their pigs in ancient times. According to Swayambhu Purana, the Kathmandu Valley was once a lake and that Chinese God Manjushree slashed a passage through the surrounding hills to drain out the water and make it inhabitable for the people to live in, clearly pointing to Kirat people who came down from northeast of Nepal to become the first settlers of Nepal.

[@hellogiri856]

@Rosan Giri you don't know anything read history brother just tharu, tajpuriya, meche, dhimal are real ancestor of terai not other madeshi people

[@bidur2062]

@Manita Panta k halla garira nepali vayera nepali sng jhagada grni mugi haru

[@user-lw9mv6zw5x]

fréquence de national geographique ?

[@hpribot]

Does there have to be an ad in front of the video? Who's getting the money?

[@IhahsDomarp]

Access to silkroad's Khasgar ?? :) ++ the Greco-Buddhism.

[@Thapasuuu]

रहस्यमय छ हाम्रो देस तेसैले सबैले कोपर्न खोज्नु हुन्छ नेपाली ले कहिले चासो देखाइ संरक्षक गर्दैनन बिदेसि पसेर खोजि गर्छ के गर्नु दुर्भाग्य भनु या भाग्य अलमलछु

[@manishbhandary826]

Mustang is really an interesting paradise

[@bibektamang5106]

secrets of life

[@tobimgrx16]

who is watching this video in 2020?

[@synapse131]

Silk does come from worms. There's a reason the worms are called "silkworms." Look up Bombyx mori and History of silk on Wikipedia.

[@nabindhital2049]

Its Nepal ,And We Gurkha invented it,Come with us to revel in reality.

[@hellogiri856]

@Maria Kelly the people here in comment are saying that this video is 80 percent are facts but other 20 percent are fake in this video we nepali are so grateful to the people who research mustang but some people are angry because he has try to say that india was nepal but nepal was never in india and nepal has nothing to do with india they are saying anyway love to Europe from nepal thankyou

[@pureone26]

I hope they got permission and involvement from the locals....inc head monks etc.

[@unrealzebra3662]

No

[@michaelmallal9101]

Maybe the Aryans are related to Vikings? Vikings had some religious belief about battle at end of world which sounds like Kalachakra Tantra. Maybe these ideas took hold in north India and entered the Buddhist University, then was taken to Tibet by missionaries such as Naropa and Padmasambhava?

[@yugalsuhang5319]

Michael Mallal nope absolutely inaccurate.

[@sumangurung7447]

And 1 more thing why people connect NEPAL with indin india have no thing too do with NEPAL.

[@sumangurung7447]

And do you people notice 1 thing when you visit nepal just ask date and you will be shoked by lisiting that . Coz NEPAL is older then other country by 53 year . You know what all country live in 2017 but we neplese people live in 2074. if u dont know that then just visit nepal and ask the date .or u can search in googal

[@rbnh9827]

hey bhagawan nepali ko english....beijjat nai garchan..

[@456inthemix]

By Rajan Pokhrel Published: 05:40 am Nov 21, 2017 KATHMANDU: A new scientific study has found that the earliest inhabitants of Upper Mustang, who arrived about 3,000 years ago, originally came from the north and the Tibetan Plateau, according to a distinguished professor of anthropology at the University of California, Merced. Lead researcher Prof. Mark Aldenderfer told THT that the results of the first DNA study of the Himalayan arc, which obtained genomic data from eight individuals dating from between the earliest known human settlements and the founding of the Tibetan Empire, clearly establish that the original inhabitants of Mustang came from the Tibetan Plateau.......

[@kmgrvlogs]

there are more mysteries and treasures hidden in Nepal if government was interested

[@bikkilovesmuzic]

that little child was probably sacrificed.

[@razndra]

These people, always 1 step ahead to show their cheap class. But am a proud Nepali: proud of my land and my ancestors. All i have for our enemy is my middle finger. **jai nepal**

[@hellogiri856]

@Maria Kelly we never considered mustang as enemy and mustang is part of nepal and we nepali love mustang but we nepali hate india and tibet because they try to steal the history of nepal anyway no hate spread love

[@sumangrg99]

no more reply for u as well.

[@sumangurung7447]

That coin belong to lasha because people of nepal use to go to lasha to earn money

[@456inthemix]

Thanks to Gurkha mercenaries, the bravest assistants of the British Empire you were saved being rolled by CCP

[@nesacena]

not interested??? That's why they are studying abt Nepal history ,,,,,,not about Switzerland

[@456inthemix]

When Britain stood alone. Permission was sought to recruit an additional twenty battalions for the Gurkha Brigade and for Gurkha troops to be allowed to serve in any part of the world. This was readily granted by the Prime Minister who remarked, "Does a friend desert a friend in time of need? If you win, we win with you. If you lose we lose with you". The whole of the Nepalese Army was again placed at the disposal of the British Crown. :-)

[@hellogiri856]

@Maria Kelly that girl is Tibetan not nepali those tibetan and indian hate nepal because they are jealous of Nepalese power that's the thing and those people who are commenting bad must of them are tibetan and indian not nepali thankyou

[@rbicato]

Scientist who says "worms" make silk!!

[@Garo48]

Too much of the speakers and not enough images/video.

[@sumangrg99]

buddha mahadev is dilip rai ..

[@AngelYogi-kf1gz]

U didn't returned the mask back to Nepal

[@bikkilovesmuzic]

Yes, Kirati people were the first one to reside in Nepal, indeed. But non of us emerged here- all of us are dependents of some other nations. Hindus(Aryans); Bramin or Sudra are of Indo-European origin, and we Mongoloids are mostly of Tibet-Burman origin, who belong to the ancient Yellow valley civilization... So, if we look from your point of view non of us are "Nepali" !

[@sanjivtamang4338]

There is before something Kiratis do some more research brother you will be surprised...100% sure that Kirantis are not the firs one to reside in Himalayas of Nepal..

[@MordDorr]

who would want any other job than to do this :) another day in the office

[@badalice07]

Sorry Vishee, I'm not the norm.

[@shaurab10]

yo dilip rai,jesus christ ane yestaee 10,12 jana 1utaee man6e ho yeslee hamee nepali bich jhagada garauna khojera6 plz sapaee jana bugedenu hola,yesko layee layee maa lagera hamee futera basnu huna.hamee ta nepalii ho yar keena hamee jhagada garera basnee.hamro aama 1utaee ho tyo ho nepal aama ane hamee nepal aama ko santan hou ra 1uta aama ko chora choree ko kasaree aarko jatt hun6 ra huh.tara yo dili rai le hamro aarko daju rai ko bejat garya6,tyo jesus christ le hamro aarko daju christian ko

[@arjunniroula5481]

Roobin Hood ya I know India give money to them bro jay mogol vaneko india bata chaleko xa nepal ma mongol ko ra aryan ko fight gareha ra India banau na khojeko ho

[@GorkhaliKoChoroo]

Nepal is multiethnic country which includes Mongolians like Tibetans and Aryans like Brahmin and Chettri. There has been a religious tolerance for thousands of years between these races. It doesn't matter either these caves bear Tibetan history or other. What really does matter is that these caves are in Nepal. You look like some kind of extremist who takes fun in triggering racial disputes. Your youtube history suggests that. If you don't like Nepal, just ignore it and leave us in peace.

[@snowlion2039]

Freetibet

[@o-sama7663]

Go you can go

[@456inthemix]

FREE MUSTANG FROM NEPAL !!!!

[@shanaranikomongol6733]

Is mustang your father's property , mustang is a part of Nepal . The ancient kingdom of lo

[@qqqzzz8003]

free india and dhotis from World

[@shanaranikomongol6733]

Tibet is a part of China

[@wisemanyogi]

why he saying india indai again and again 😑😑😑

[@jubinupadhyay]

Nepal is nothing without India .. never was .. never will be ..

[@jubinupadhyay]

.. Nepal lives on the charity provided by India ..

[@mountainfrost7095]

jubinupadhyay you think Nepal will die of hunger if there is no charity from India? We actually don't need those assistance.. india does it to keep politicians in their pocket. Not much trickle down to population but those charity goes straight into politicians. Major population doesn't need charity from India and infact despise India n their policy.

[@RojinaGurung67]

jubinupadhyay your comment reveals your upbringing😖

[@sidofficial9540]

May be paid by india

[@figgaitout]

Let's make diliprai a president of defunct country maybe he can alleviate the suffering from his infinite source of propogandas.

[@facebooklover6579]

Out of mind

[@bisamsapkota5801]

there's no offense but what are you saying? You are copying and pasting.

[@ashutoshshrestha4969]

nepal is nepal plz dont link indian ppl with nepal... we hav great hearts than them :) liked ur video though

[@jatadharimusafir9787]

brother don't bother for this

[@jatadharimusafir9787]

I am from india and I know tha people of nepal are great

[@ashutoshshrestha4969]

Sooo

[@anishportel4292]

ashutosh shrestha ....YOU JUST TOLD THAT NEPALIS HAVE GREAT HEART.....THEN WHY U HATE INDIA....just think for a second.....WELL I AM A NEPALI TOO..... INCREASE RELATIONSHIP.....PEACE!!!!!!!

[@satorugojo5953]

ashutosh shrestha seriously?

[@bibek101]

i've always respected Tibet and will always do..... some comment from simple minded fools like yourself will not change anything... but insulting my country is not acceptable at all... a suggestion for you its better to shut up then to be talking about something you don't know and go on blabbering all over the page ... there are a all kinds of people in every country Nepal Tibet India China everywhere ... dont judge because nobody has the right to do so about any country... just stop it

[@aakashbhattarai2654]

Àafule kunae gauravi kaam naagareni ancestors le deko gaurav ta bachaunuprxa.... Mask'murti.manuscripts sap bidesh ko museums ma hunxa jatha ..khae hamro cultural heritage/??

[@456inthemix]

Lho Mangtangs are oroginated from West Tibet, we do not need westerner scientist to explain us, it was invaded in modern times by Nepal like Sikkim by India. Yes cause silkroad Tibet had trading with Persia too !

[@sidofficial9540]

This is our own don't try to connect our heritage with other civilization. your presentation is not so appreciable.

[@rupeshrai7361]

Sorry bro..u r really in confused..nepal is not a fucking state..nepali is single country...dont u know...😠😠..n thanks research...😊

[@avishek4237]

rupesh rai u indians created a blockade on our country

[@karma0253]

Avi shek he's nepali

[@456inthemix]

I neapli ? remain always a Kulis

[@bishalkhadka764]

randi ko baan...