Soil doesn't need to rest, keep growing food

[@Im-just-Stardust]

I can't believe how misinformed I was when I started watching your videos. I considered the soil as a dead substance, only good to hold the roots in place. I know I repeat myself but I learned so much from you Charles thank you ! Not only you have great knowledge, you are a great communicator, but you also answer all the questions people have. Its a lot of work.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Ah thanks, nice to hear! And yes :)

[@muslimpurity]

I couldn't agree with you more. @Charles Dowding is fantastic at communicating concepts and knowledge in a way that is very easy to understand. I have had the privilege of a 1-2-1 in person learning experience with Charles.

[@jennyjohnson9012]

I love no dig and I try to get everyone I know doing it. My soil is so much better than when I first came here and started growing veg. Just today I was putting some onions in and the ground was full of worms and fungi. It was alive with crawling insects. I learn something new from each vlog. Thanks Charles!

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Thanks for your heartwarming feedback Jenny!

[@turtle2212]

Sir Charles, I must call you by this name! Following your advise I am in trouble each year now! My harvest has gone up by more than 6 times since I use no dig. And honestly, it is hard to find enough people to share/give away for free😊 and by far too much to eat for the 2 of us. I fear I must reduce space or better plant more flowers instead. What a success! Many thanks for your sharing your wisdom.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

😂 I love your comment, thanks

[@maryelizabethcalais9180]

Ohhhhh don't cut back! There are so many hungry people who are financially challenged. Donate your extra harvest to Schools, Churches, and Soup Kitchens that feed the homeless. Contact Churches and they will inform where to bring the harvest. I belong to the Catholic Church and there are always soup kitchens for the homeless. There are also Food Banks that offer free groceries for the hungry. I pray this gives you ideas of how to share your garden harvest. God Bless!!!

[@camicri4263]

@@maryelizabethcalais9180 yes! So many of the so called pantry places do not have enough vegetables. As a matter of fact so much junck, voided of any nutrition....very sad! A few years back I actually were in that situation and going there was more depressing than not having money. Praise God, He came to the rescue and we just rely heavily on cooking from scratch and reinventing and repurposing everything we could. I almost forgot that! It's an experience that I don't want to go through again but was good that we had it! Thank you for the remainder, it's something that I will have to make a point not to forget. I need to be more thankful! God bless you!

[@composthog4332]

There's a very good gardener in my neighborhood and he puts extra vegetables and veg starts out beside his house with a big "free, help yourself" sign. In the summer he even has the greens in an ice chest - on that he had to put a sign saying "please don't take my ice chest!". Anyway, I've been SO grateful for the fresh produce! I think the food bank suggestion is a good one, but this works in case your area doesn't have one or doesn't want your stuff. So impressed with your mad skills! I'm trying but I keep growing miniature bell peppers and tomatoes no matter how hard I try. And now, all my brassicas look like they've been shot with a shotgun. Ha ha ha

[@turtle2212]

@@composthog4332 good idea! Keep trying, every year there are different plants that succeed or not, that is often due to weather conditions and not necessarily your fault! We all experience it.

[@frankbarnwell____]

Oh Charles. I work in a Lowes garden center in Texas. Trying to convince people that mushrooms are not bad, or damaging, is sooooo difficult. Love your garden, farm. Thanks for sharing everything you do.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Wow such a pity. God created mushrooms!!

[@TofferJ-UK]

I’m starting my second year of no dig right now, it’s been an eye opener how easy it is. I’ve started small and doubling my area for 2023 getting more ambitious. I’m really thrilled. 👍

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Congratulations on starting small!

[@livus3787]

Hehe, same, starting second year and doubleing up, so my veggie patch will go from teeeny to tiny 😂💚🌱

[@jez-bird]

Awesome Addie! How have you dealt with annual grass seeds that blow in through the wind?

[@christinamartinhellohope]

Mine started really tiny but every year I seem to be adding another little patch! Congratulations!

[@daveschreiner413]

Thank you Charles from Florida USA

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Welcome Dave 🌱

[@cominginthecloudsforus]

I admire you Mr. Dowding. You're my gardening hero.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

That's nice thanks 🌱

[@kayreynolds3801]

Hi Charles. Likewise, I was talking about this, Keep the soil covered, Keep the soil planted, biodiversity for soil health, in my No Dig talk last week. Lots of questions and an engaged audience. We are developing an allotment 'No Dig' group to help start and support those interested, and very fortunate to have a free input of green waste compost from a local community composting facility. 💚

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

That's impressive Kay and you are in a really good situation there. Well done for encouraging debate and interest, it is all fascinating!

[@mikejones1141979]

I cover my ground year round. The worms and microbes work it all year, even during the coldest winter. I’ve pulled back the cover to find the ground unfrozen and critters moving. I actually just plant my garlic for next year’s harvest. This is a great channel. I’ve learned a lot. Thanks.

[@alisonburgess345]

Live, growing roots are also important Mike.

[@mikejones1141979]

@@alisonburgess345 100%

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Cheers Mike, sounds good

[@Oktopia]

I actually attempted succession planting for the first time ever this season. I had some sugar snaps that had run their course and I planted some more in their place simply to get some shoots since the season was waning. It was wonderful to get something out of what was essentially empty space. If not for you I wouldn't even think to try. :D

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Great job Liz!

You are always showing other sides of the main principle and how it is applied. I never tire of watching. Thank you!

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

I appreciate that!

[@johnbarleycorn7845]

Thanks to you Charles we have had, and are still having an abundance of food from our garden. Your skill set should be taught to children, self supplementation on whatever size scale is the way forward in these troubled times.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Wonderful to hear that John. I am working on it and have written a gardening book for children which appears in January. I mention it actually in a video we shall publish in just two days time, about all the books I have written!

[@RalfyCustoms]

Wonderful Charles, I had begun to think my little beds would be barren through winter, now I'm struggling to find room to plant everything lol, thank you so much for sharing your precious knowledge, you've been an absolute blessing to me

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Great to hear!

[@ginavandam735]

I've learned so much from you about no-dig and transplanting, not to forget- planting more tight. An old neighbor rolled his eyes and felt sorry for my misunderstanding of how to grow and when...but I proved him wrong. Old ways have to improve. We now need to grow more food as times are as they are. Thankyou so much for all good tips and tricks...you are amazing!!!🤪👍🌻 Greetings from Sweden🇸🇪

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Fantastic to see this, well doe! Yes old ways need some improvement, not all though

[@pamwilliams6630]

My neighbor thinks the same about me:)

[@Scott3387]

I've followed your advice for a couple of years now and it works great. I discovered Dr Elaine Ingham the other day and watched a 2 hour lecture. Fascinating to see why no dig works from a scientific point of view. Keep up the good work.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Cheers Scott, yes she is an amazing scientist, one of a few independents

[@kerryjean2223]

God said soil does need to rest x 🧡💛🧡🙏😇🇦🇺🧡💛🧡🌼🕊️

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

In what context though? Like, pastures and forests don't stop growing every seventh year. Surely he meant a rest from soil being tilled and ploughed. And no dig is a rest all the time 😀🌱

[@PurringMyrrh]

*squeeeeeee* The earliest I've caught a vid, and the perfect addition to my coffee and recliner chilly gray NorCal morning!😍😍

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Morning Michelle!

[@yinqin5432]

Your method has completely changed my way of gardening, more permaculture inter grated all round😊. There was one year I’d weighed and recorded everything I’d harvested from 55m3 growing space by using no dig with adding compost method, it’s over 300kg, I never thought it’s possible in this climate. Thank you for opening my eyes😊

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Wonderful! Interestingly, that's about the same area as my three strip trial, and we harvest about the same amount from there, yes so much food!

[@kimiyemlsmallgardendream8115]

So informative because of you I started to compost now it’s been over a year and I do it in a plastic toy chest but it works❤

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

So good to hear that!

[@JB-tc8el]

Super video thank you. Concise, re;stable usable information.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Glad it was helpful!

[@marlonpayabyab8480]

I just start last april 2020 and i love how no dig change the game keep it up

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

I am happy to hear this 💚

[@marlonpayabyab8480]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig the pleasure is all mine sir i been a huge fan of yours

[@allotmental.]

I've never added anything to my soil and re used the same compost in pots for spuds for about four years now, never a problem 👍🏻

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Nice work, thanks for sharing

[@ourstoneycreekjourney5702]

Great information, thanks Charles.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

👍

[@lucybarnard3954]

Soil might not need a rest but I do, as I’m new to veg growing and still have a lot of work to do on my plot, I’m using winter to mulch the half of the plot I haven’t used yet, I’ll still have plenty growing in the other half. I have loads of weeds and as compost is expensive at least until next year when I should have my own, I’m using cardboard and some free woodchips I finally managed to get them some free manure then covering to keep it even darker and give heat to the manure. In spring I’ll top with compost and be ready to go 😊 x

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Nice summary :)

[@sbo5267]

I've always wanted to have some crops over the winter, over the years there are increasing in varieties thanks to your no dig method. Meanwile three thirds of my garden has round the year planting and crops , although your plants are definitely bigger than mine . I also do a lot of permaculture and let some sow themselves, including 4 varieties of salads, parsley, celery , leeks. Thank you for sharing!

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Sounds great! May your winter be tasty

[@edwardreedy]

Charles has added months to my growing season and pounds to my harvests. Compared to what the packet says you can get so much more. I am 5b/6a and by multisowing in modules before last frost, l add 3 weeks. Adding fleece in spring l push that back 2-3 more. Fleece in fall, 2 more. Intercropping, 2-3 more. I get multiple harvests instead of one with less work by not digging and even more crop by multisowing and changing how l harvest and treat my soil. 100% grateful. I have always been a gardener but this is a fundamental change in how l garden.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Thank you for sharing these lovely results, Edward, and it makes me very happy to know that I've helped you achieve that!

[@jez-bird]

Amazing Edward! How have you managed with annual grass seeds that fly in? Do you hoe them or some other method?

[@peggyhelblingsgardenwhatyo7920]

You are amazing Charles 👍 I needed to be reminded about trim down to the roots BUT leave the roots. We are prepping for Hurricane Nicole hitting Central Florida tonight and tomorrow 🤯 This is just a Category 1so I'm not expecting as much damage as Ian. Happy No Dig Day! I hope it was a success 👍

[@huttonsvalleypermaculture]

Good luck with that Peggy!!

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Wow Peggy, 'just a 1", I wish you well Yes the day was a huge success thanks. So much interest, see this page charlesdowding.co.uk/childrens-no-dig-day-competition-create-your-dream-veg-garden/

[@peggyhelblingsgardenwhatyo7920]

@@huttonsvalleypermaculture Hello Huttons Valley. Thanks for your concern. I just uploaded a pre-hurricane video. I'm hoping the post video doesn't look too different 🤞🙏🤞

[@RalfyCustoms]

Best wishes Peggy

[@peggyhelblingsgardenwhatyo7920]

@@RalfyCustoms how kind of you. Thank you for caring. We prepare for the worst and pray for the best. 💓

[@Lepotagerdesgourmands]

Bonjour Charles,félicitations pour vos vidéos, le travail de votre jardin , de belles explications top top, merci à bientôt 🙏🙏🙏🌻🌻🌻

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Merci bien

[@camicri4263]

Your garden looks amazing and so much bounty! Absolutely beautiful! Thank you for all your teachings and examples! You are a great teacher Charles! Cheers!🤗❤

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

That's nice Cami thanks 💚

[@camicri4263]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig 💚

[@buffster948]

Thank you for this, Mr Dowding and the wider community. I've been investigating permaculture and the techniques being shared for a more practical approach to my gardening skills. I need to work on my pond management techniques, but as always, land management is a work in progress! :D

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

You are very welcome and yes, so much to learn! It's good you realise that :)

[@MagnaMater2]

I look at this wonderful garden and wish mine would look like that... - I have a rivulet some 15 m beside my beds. From spring to the end of summer I counted some 20.000 snails. The only thing they didn't / couldn't eat fast enough were the potatoes, the old beans I luckily forgot to plant outside on time and the herbs in the raised bed. They even went into the greenhouse and ate the tomatoes ere I carried those out of their reach up the balcony...

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

That sounds extremely difficult. I hope you can find a way to deal with them somehow, I can't think of one at the moment.

[@lidiagarcia5378]

FASCINANTE!!! ADMIRO EL ORDEN DE LOS CULTIVOS!! -YO SIGO INTENTANDO NO PICAR LA TIERRA...-

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Gracias Lidia

[@jacklawson1367]

Fantastic thanks, you’ve been tremendous in retraining my brain. Charles, I’ve learned that Sulfur is the solution to Septoria.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Thanks Jack!

[@michaelproctor5312]

Last year I tried to clear some land for no dig ,I used black polythene but the weed's grew underneath, I think it wasn't dark enough but I'm trying again with thicker plastic (builders plastic) and so far it's working better but very expensive to buy .

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Sorry to hear that. The silver lining is how you can use that black plastic many many times.

[@KenCanif]

I only started a no dig garden(well what little garden i have)but with great results with Peas,Corn,Spring onions,herbs but can i ask why do you leave the roots of plants in the soil after cultivating them?Love your show💚

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Sounds great! Two reasons, for a reduced disturbance of soil structure and life, and because they provide food in decomposing to all those organisms in the soil

[@alanchamberlain4173]

Thank you Charles, very clear and helpful as ever. Lots of interplanting has worked well for me this year - lettuce between slow-growing celeriac a brilliant example. One I won't do again is carrots between purple sprouter. Although the carrots are fine, broccoli plants are so big and clumsy (like me) and have that tendency to lie down, and it's so easy to tread on things. Thanks for the Indian mustard tip.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Cheers Alan and I love your description of broccoli lying down. It's a great way to reduce blowing in the wind!

[@kitthazelton2309]

Thank you for the common sense information. I've done no-dig for 2 years (going on 3, just spreading compost in Zone 5a), and am amazed at the soil health and yields we get. We multi-sow and companion plant, and are getting a much better harvest than we do from the conventional methods. If you look at what nature does, and follow it, you can't go wrong. Thanks again!

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Lovely to see this Kitt and yes, it's simple when following natural process 😀

[@jez-bird]

Great Kitt! How have you managed with annual grass seeds that fly in? Do you hoe them or some other method?

[@kitthazelton2309]

@@jez-bird I try to catch them when they're small and use a scuffle hoe (stirrup hoe) to chop them off.

[@the_green_anna]

This was very inspiring! Thank you! 💚

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

😀

[@Ed19601]

Before I started watching your videos I always thought gardens were getting empty after October. Now I am still planting in November. Totally changed my outlook on gardening. I actually just sowed parsnip (late), but they already broke surface.carrots, sown 2 weeks ago, do well. As does my lettuce, pakchoi, onions, and leek. All sown since mid October

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Wonderful!

[@christinamartinhellohope]

Wow that gives me hope!

[@moirakemp867]

I am truly amazed by your channel and all the knowledge you have on growing vegetables, compost making , too much to name here! I am a small home gardener and also started no dig gardening that i love. The one thing i have difficulty with, is trying to determine what to sow/plant when as i live in the southern hemisphere (South Africa). When you talk of eg planting something in May, November, etc, i can not figure out what season it is in the UK, as i make notes when you talk. It would be great if you could perhaps also mention the season you do something in your part of the world. I have been watching your channel for years, but only recently subscribed. I just love your channel. Fond greetings from Port Elizabeth, South Africa.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Nice to hear Moira and we have made for you a southern hemisphere sowing guide, you can download it here in PDF form, so it is a starting point to give you the framework. I hope that spring is good for you, charlesdowding.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Southern-Hemisphere-Sowing-Guide-2022.pdf

[@moirakemp867]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig Have had a great Spring so far, thank you. Oh wow, the sowing guide will be a huge help in planning the rest of my sowing season!, much appreciated Charles

[@squange20]

Good to know Charles, as there is so much information out there about letting soil rest in between planting. For my three types of beans that I planted out after sowing in modules (thanks to your channel), I used the “no dig method” with just cardboard on the grass with soil on top. We are trying the same method for the two types of sweetcorn too. I followed your advice on potato growing, and my word, they have grown so fast. We should be able to harvest potatoes way before Christmas I think. The other multi-sown seedlings are also doing pretty good (another trick I learned from you). Gardening has been made simpler thanks to all your videos.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

This is really good to read! Interesting isn't it that this idea of giving soil a rest has become so common. Sheer force of repetition can turn ideas based on fantasy into so-called reality!

[@squange20]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig Very true Charles. Some folk don’t have that many beds to rotate crops or give the soil a rest. We didn’t in our last place. Your video where you plant a range of vegetables in one small bed, and doing succession planting is proof that it works. I’m glad I discovered your videos just in time.

[@phil5888]

I am growing very similar things in central Italy. One thing that does well in the Autumn is the cardoon. It seems to be a forgotten vegetable in the UK. In Italy it is often grown as an annual with transplanting in August..

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Thanks for the info Phil, shall look it up

[@jagnabadurowicz4427]

Love it

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

🙂

[@ximenaisabeljimenezgalindo9044]

Hola Charles,encantador el colorido de tu jardín ,yo hago con mis acelgas le quitó unas 6 hojas y dejo crecer las nuevas hojitas que piensas,un saludo desde Santiago de Chile 🌷🌷🌷

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Gracias Ximena y sí, es una gran manera de recoger acelgas, las hojas exteriores y durante muchos meses.

[@tinkeringinthailand8147]

Great video Charles. As I commented in some of your previous videos, I am trying to emulate your teachings here in Thailand, but gardening here is so juxtaposed to that of the UK. A challenge but I love it and I am overcoming a lot of climate issues and successfully growing stuff I was told I couldn't, like peas, carrots, swiss Chard, cauliflower and beetroot :)

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

How interesting! Keep it up :)

[@PurringMyrrh]

Just another outstanding, relaxing video full of information and inspiration! 🤩🌱About to order a calendar because I need all the help I can get. 😄😐 Im always too late and unprepared and the plants tell me so. I'm in Nevada City California and a zone 8b/9a. 2000' elevation and we get down into the low 20s (F) and up into the 90s yearly. ( I believe either here or Grass Valley [same area] is a sister city to somewhere in Cornwall...Bodmin maybe...?) VERY little summer rains now so I have to water a few times a week. Im on a well that is not a great producer so I go jug-fetch fabulously perfect water from a local long-time community spring. My main problem is the amount of garden sunlight in winter. Even summer allows only about 5 direct hours and 3+ dappled hours a day but it's been enough to do good things, even when I struggle. I started with straw bale gardening, but everything put in the ground always did so much better there's only one clear method choice now - no dig! Outlined a new spot and got as far as putting down cardboard and buying compost before it got stormy. Getting a break soon so will be bed building hopefully shortly...have to line with gopher mesh because they are going crazy, so will likely have to keep the sides on forever, but we dont have hardly a slug or snail here so I think it will be okay. Just once yearly I put out Sluggo + for the earwigs. Started my seed garlic the day after No-Dig day, and have kale and pak choy in large pots because the garden areas are going to be changed up to garden this way. The kale is doing great and we've had an outer-leaf harvest already, but the choy is struggling for some reason...not gaining much size and has yellowing leaves. It's in compost, but maybe because it was in bags and a couple years old it isnt as fertile. The kale didnt have any issue though! Today is a local hunt for lettuce starts because I recently saw the winter greens in trays video and was thrilled with how much is possible from so little space and cold tempuratures. Even a couple of salads a week would be so welcomed! Anyhow, totally bramble rambling at this point, but just thanks for all the goodness! People like you are the ones that truly change lives for the better! 🌱❤🌾🍀🧄🧅🥦🥬🥒🫑🌶🍅🍅🍆🥔🥔🥕🌽🌽

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Thanks Michelle, nice to read this, except for gophers! I appreciate your kind words. Your winter sounds alright!

[@loboalamo]

I let my soil rest, i feed it and let the mycelium and other little creatures do their thing. Its no big deal. I king of like how much my plants really like fresh rested soil. IMO Your gardens are lovely too.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

That's nice!

[@ourcozygarden]

Good to know we’re not the only ones with tiny parsnips this year 😅 Interestingly, the ones closest to the sides of the raised beds were way bigger. Probably because of a warmer soil temp?

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Or more access to moisture, rooting under sides and into paths

[@Ed19601]

Oddly i had big ones. Interestingly i have no idea when i had sown them, can't even remember that i sowed them. They just popped up, likely from an earlier one that had gone to seed

[@danyoutube7491]

Oh boy, I love parsnips and have been waiting patiently for most of the year, fantasising about a struggle to extract massive roots...by the way, when do you know they're ready? I had assumed they would be like carrots in that one sees the top of the root peeking through the soil, but I haven't seen anything yet, just leaves.

[@ourcozygarden]

@@danyoutube7491 Not sure about your climate but here, since we have a very short growing season, we usually harvest parsnips after the first frost. In my area, that's usually mid to end of September. Whatever size you get by then, that's it 😄

[@danyoutube7491]

@@ourcozygarden Thanks for the reply- in recent years winters have been rather mild in my neck of the woods, and I don't think we've actually had a frost yet (it's been pretty nippy some mornings though).

[@dougblease5170]

Always inspiring 😊

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

So glad!

[@christinamartinhellohope]

I've been having a go at no dig since lockdown 2020 when I had a feeling we would all need to be a bit more self-sufficient. I love it and can't understand why everybody doesn't do it. It's a slow process at least for me though. I have a question: can I sow Durham Early cabbage now for spring? Maybe a little late. I live in west Wales. Anybody?

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

I have exactly the same thought Christina, why this method is not more widely adopted. At least we are benefiting. You are right that it's too late really to sow those cabbage now, although if you can keep them alive as seedlings in your greenhouse through the winter, you could sow now and transplant early March with fleece over, for an earlier harvest than from cabbage sown in February.

[@abidhajher7076]

Brilliant! Love your work mate!

[@abidhajher7076]

Also, could you just break off celery canes as required rather than harvesting the whole plant?

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Yes Abid, that works, they are amazing plants

[@abidhajher7076]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig Amazing! Thank you Charles. 🙅‍♂️♠️ (No dig in emoji - as in "no" and "spade" which is used for digging haha it's late and I should sleep 😂)

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

🚫 or 😫♠ maybe!

[@abidhajher7076]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig 🚫♠️ it is!

[@christophermee5214]

It’s took 2 years for me to go 100% no dig on my allotment. Now I’ve come up against the cost of manure and it’s a problem.

[@PurringMyrrh]

Where do you live? Are there options of going to someone that has livestock and getting some for the cost of digging and hauling it yourself? Where I am there are online sales sites that include gardening and farm and free sections...almost always see someone offering up poopies!

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Well done, . I hope you find some free, other wastes if not manure

[@deanwatt]

No shortage of food there! I think you forgot to link to your new new video at the end. "Check out new video" Cheers!

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Ah sorry! And thanks

[@deineadam2240]

My tomatoes don't do well so I'm not adding brassica to those beds for another year or so.

[@amandarobinson352]

Hi Charles could you recommend a good gardening knife please. Yours looks so sharp. Thank you.

[@PurringMyrrh]

My brother gifted me one called like Morakniv (or something close) and it's been outstanding. Curious as to what we're seeing used here too!

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Opinel no.8 (7 is a little smaller) - I sharpen it esp after cutting soil, eg leek roots, and it holds sharpness

[@inguracka]

Another amazing video! I have a question about root depth, the soil where I live is mostly clay. Top 10-15cm is actually good soil. There is no way I can dig out a large trench to take all of that clay out and make "underground bed" but what I am planning to do is unfortunately your not so loved raised beds and filling them with soil and compost. I actually built one frame already that is around 45cm that could accommodate larger/deeper root plants. But as I am about to build another one, it got me thinking whether I need to have them all that relatively high or can and should i make some smaller because it will be enough. Im sure i dont need 45cm bed for salads, and maybe if I dont need to rotate crops - smaller could be good too. So instead of 2x45 beds I could have 45, 30, 15 - but I have little knowledge on root systems of various plants that I am trying to research. Thanks!

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Plants root deeply, even salads when they are in the ground for enough time. I know this because of how they can survive and continue to grow even in very dry weather when the soil is so dry near the surface. Your vegetables can root into the clay below, no problem! That clay is kept open by the action of soil organisms. If growth was only in the surface compost, it would be not amazing, compared to what we see. I don't think you need deep beds or beds of variable depth, keep it simple 😀 Here we are succeeding with 7 cm compost for new beds, on top of heavy silty, soil.

[@barrypetejr5655]

Absolutely beautiful bed Charles!! What is the secret to virtually no bug damage on your leafy greens in that bed ?

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Thanks, and we spray Bacillus thuringiensis on brassicas in summer months, other than that it's soil quality, intent too = green thumb

[@barrypetejr5655]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig my plants are phenomenal, lush and green but it's seems so much leaf damage.... especially during any dry spells

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Maybe water a little more

[@baclil]

I have been following your videos for a few years now and remain fascinated by your work. Obtaining 9kg of cucumbers from 2 plants is phenomenal. I am in Minnesota, US and the weather is a bit challenging. I struggle with gardening here, despite trying many times. My family in California is so successful in growing their gardens (small, for family only). Where are you located exactly, which part of the UK? Thank you.

[@baclil]

I should have searched the web before asking. I found out you are in Somerset.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Good luck in MI! and thanks

[@okebai]

I'm always struggling with getting enough compost. There are always spots in my garden that I'm certain receives too little. My yields also vary a lot, but I'm not sure that is because soil fertility is lacking. So I was thinking... You have your dig and no-dig experimental beds, but what about a "no-amendment" patch? Wouldn't that be an interesting experiment as well? The goal would be to see what happens when you're *not* adding compost each year, and how quickly things change and what crops are affected the most by that. How would the soil texture and composition change? Would some specialist plants even benefit due to changes in the soil balance? Thanks for a wonderful channel! :)

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Yes it's an interesting idea and I tried it in 2013. One year of that was quite enough. If I were a research station and had time to look after soil getting worse and worse, that might be different! And I can't be that mean to soil life, .

[@willrussell1322]

Great video, but I have a question that's not meant to be provocative in any way but if you have roots in the ground all year round do you need to add compost? Surely the roots and the microorganisms, bacteria, fungi in the soil will do all the good work that the compost does? Is it that simple?

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Good question, and it depends what you want, how much food. I'm looking for the highest amount of harvest per square metre, and in my experience, you harvest less when you apply less or no compost. The soil is still growing plants for sure. With vegetables, we are removing quite a lot of organic matter with our harvests, much more than happens inside a forest, and we are generally not replacing it with our own manure.

[@giuannabarmettler4959]

Dear Charles, I really love your videos! They are really educating and so needed for many people. I still have a question: How do you plan your propagation for the succession plantings? Thanks!

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Thanks, and good question Giuanna. Answer is I sow the seeds of what I want to grow at the correct time of year, throughout summer and early autumn, and then I find space! I don't have a precise plan, although I know what can follow what and roughly how much space that will make available. I always have too many plants, and I prefer that to having too few plants! Have a go and see what you can fit in. We are offering this module of my Skills course for just £5 and it has a lot of ideas for succession planting charlesdowding.co.uk/product/skills-for-growing-online-course-introduction-and-module-1-skills-and-knowledge-for-a-full-garden-all-year/

[@MeusPaisMeusAmores]

I've done the 3 full courses from Charles. They are a must, for those that really want a deep and extensive shortcut to understand No Dig. I really recommend them! No doubt about that! And we can always go back to each page of the courses to rethink and observe again and again. Just doing them we will understand how much they are a wonderful investment! It's an investment for all my life!

[@paulasmith7256]

Charles, your leeks look lovely. I’m in my first year of no dig on a new allotment site. Mine however have had both rust (expected) and allium leaf miner (not come across this before) on them. I’ve removed the leaves with rust and the outer leaves that don’t look heathy. They grew well to start with and were watered well in the very hot weather. The variety I’ve grown is Musselburgh. What would you advise for this? The other ‘pest’ I have are moles and don’t quite know where their access is at the moment. But they’ve come through the cardboard below the newly set up bed - any advice would be appreciated thank you.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

hi Paula, I'm sorry to hear about those problems and especially the leaf miner. Clearly I do not have it here and actually I do not know a way to prevent it causing much damage. Your Musselburgh should survive winter and grow again in March to April when there may be a chance that they can get big before the leaf miner returns in May and June, in other words after the leeks have finished. For moles, I use a trap in the ground because I find they are quite disruptive. On the other hand, some people live with them and I have done that in the past, by not disturbing their run too much, so they don't keep pushing new soil upwards.

[@TheEmdubbleu]

I garden in a community greenhouse in Alberta, Canada. We have raised wooden beds that are filled with soil but are built on legs, so they're completely disconnected from the ground. I'm converting now to No Dig thanks to your superb channel ☺so I added 4 cm of compost as mulch before the greenhouse closed for winter (it's not heated) in mid October. Do you advise covering the raised beds with anything else, such as cardboard or straw mulch, till we reopen for gardening at the start of May next year?

[@SimonHergott]

I'm in Kamloops where it's now below zero with snow cover. I added my compost before the cold snap and then I place a thick 12 inch bed of leaves on top of all my beds. By spring it is compressed down, rotting and full of worms that are adding castings to the soil. Head to your local compost facility and bag up leaves. Much better than cardboard for the beds.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

I'm delighted to read this, and congratulations on making those improvements. As Simon suggests in his comment, covering with tree leaves would be amazing and give you a flying start next year. At that point, in spring, I would rake off surface leaves if they are still not decomposed, for new sowings, but you could plant through them if it's larger plants like tomatoes.

[@SimonHergott]

​@@CharlesDowding1nodig The craziest thing I found was that when you rake up all those leaves off the beds in spring, you're gathering up a ton of worms with it all and if the leaves are placed in a pallet bay for the summer and kept from drying out you'll end up with nearly 80-90% worm castings. I was absolutely blown away when I discovered what it had turned into. I have a ridiculous stockpile of castings now. Thanks for the work you do. It does a lot of good in the world.

[@TheEmdubbleu]

​@@CharlesDowding1nodig ​ @Simon Hergott Thanks so much for your advice! I was concerned nothing would decompose over winter due to complete lack of water in the closed greenhouse, but I'll try adding leaves now and see how things look in Spring. Nothing to loose!

[@SimonHergott]

@@TheEmdubbleu You definitely need to add moisture to the leaves. They won't decompose or offer the worms a suitable food source when they're dry. I'd pile some snow on your leaf covered beds and that should do the trick. It will melt and freeze throughout the winter and then rot properly in the early spring enough for the worms to dig in. If not, the layer of compost you spread on your soil will be just fine.

[@janetgrangerdollhouseneedl4856]

Do you leave your leeks open (not netted) in this bed? Have they had any insect problems? A lot of people on social media at the moment are saying that leeks in the UK now need to be netted all the time.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Hi Janet and that is too much of a generalisation. The problem they refer to is something called allium leaf miner which eats into the heart/stem/bulb of many alliums and causes a lot of damage. It's most common in central and eastern areas and at the moment it's not much in the Southwest, which is my region. Nobody around here covers leeks except sometimes in summer against a different pest called leek moth. Lately we have not seen that one.

[@janetgrangerdollhouseneedl4856]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig I'm in the very western tip of Cornwall, and I hadn't heard of anything being a problem for leeks round here, so maybe I'll continue to 'take the risk' and not net my leeks, and see how it goes!

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Then you are fine. Best not believe all you hear!

[@daved2403]

Great video as always! My cucumber sometimes will be bitter, usually when it is really hot and dry (I'm in South Carolina). Have you had this and any thoughts on reasons and solutions? Thanks

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Cheers Dave, and I notice that cucumbers struggle in high heat, and need extra water, even twice a day to really flourish, and I suspect that's why the fruits are less sweet. Here it's rare that we reach the eighties F!

[@geoflawrence8319]

Hi Charles, as always, very informative, thank you. One question though - your leeks look fantastic. Mine always get rust. Is there any way of preventing that disease? I am a no dig follower but never achieve such results as yours.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Cheers Geof and it ould be that I water more, leeks love moisture, and also every 10 days or so I remove lower leaves as they start to yellow and show rust. Plus it's breezy here. I see more rust in the relatively sheltered small garden.

[@Freedom2025-x2b]

Newbie gardener in FLORIDA/USA. I am missing a bit of information. I harvested turnip/collard greens to the soil level. I want to plant other vegetables in that space. How long do I have to wait to plant other vegetables in the same space? Do I plant around the previous crops?

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

You don't need to wait at all, and can even pop in new transplants while existing plants are finishing. Just as long as there is sufficient space and moisture, this can need some extra watering to make sure the new transplants establish

[@Enduro26]

Spicy moustache is back I guess 😩

[@paulbeard5326]

Better to have beard I know I have 2.,:)

[@rubyquinonez5966]

que haces con todo eso mister charly

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Hola Ruby. Lo vendo en cajas a familias locales.

[@toriamalcolm]

If my beds always have some plants overwintering and are not bare, how do l put compost on from December etc?

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Congratulations! You need to pop some on spaces which arise before any new planting. We do that on many beds - this one is unusual because it's part of my two bed trial, where one of the beds needs to be dug! Which means I need it clear of plants. That means it's sister no dig bed also needs to be clear of plants, for the trial comparison. That's one problem with digging!

[@pvest2158]

Is over feeding soil something to worry about and if so how can you regulate how much compost/nutrients is right to add without doing regular soil nutrient tests? I've heard nitrogen poisioning from eating over-fertilised leaf crops mentioned as something to be wary of?

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Yes, when people use artificial fertiliser, this can be an issue. Because it's water soluble and transmits very readily into plants in an unnatural way. Using compost does not lead to such a problem and it's important to differentiate between those two very different approaches. However, often when this is discussed, compost is referred to as though it is a synthetic, water- soluble fertiliser. Which it absolutely is not. I never do soil testing because I don't need to. With no dig, you have an incredible network of soil biology, which organises the nutrients for the best health of growth, and I can see that in my leaves, which are not lush or overfertilised.

[@Winter_IsHere]

Sawing at the right time under correct conditions and keeping them healthy until they are strong enough seems to be the challenge. My radicchio has no compact centre yet. Maybe it was planted a bit late for my area. Still hoping to have something.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Hope it comes good, and it could be the variety / seed selection. I swear by 506TT

[@vulk86]

Have you ever tried growing a giant pumpkin on your premium no dig soil?

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Not for a while, takes up too much premium space!

[@frogmarch1000]

I don't know if I missed it...but do you plant the new plants in the old plant holes that you take out? Or are they planted in the row in new holes?

[@paulbeard5326]

In new hole's as most plants he cuts just belòw the soil...not carots parsnips lol. He leave the roots in always two reasons I can think of is it don't disturb the soil and adds drainage when it rots away..hope this helps.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

You can do that, but normally I'm planting something on a different spacing, so we end up using different holes, it's not important either way.

[@damien884]

A bit of a shortcut question. When do leeks stop growing (daylight amount.. for example less than eight hours and such or sun angle )?

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

I've see strong new growth in January! They don't stop

[@damien884]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig wonderful. Just have to get them through the harsh Swedish winter :)

[@SimonHergott]

My soil is unfortunately resting underneath a foot of snow.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

😂

[@x7j4]

What date did you plant your garlic this autumn when the past summer and early fall were warmer and dryer than usual?

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Slightly earlier at or soon after autumn equinox. It's about day length more than warmth

[@ralfputz6076]

Do you have many problems with pests? I am from Australia.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Hi, and welcome. Our pests are often different to yours and in this garden I suffer damage from insects of root vegetables, caterpillars to some extent, and potentially there are badgers, deer and rabbits. Fortunately, their numbers at the moment are quite low, but one needs to be always attentive. I made a video called pest prevention kzbin.info/www/bejne/hJPJaHduZc9opdU

[@ritalr15]

Do you plant in a certain direction. North and South or East to West or does it matter?

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

I don't Rita. Orient for ease of access

[@lgarden7086]

Now I think I know why my radicchio never headed up …I’ve tried 2 years in a row and it looks nothing like what I expected…long green bitter leaves🤔

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

You were sold a poor variety. I'm shocked by some of what is sold

[@lgarden7086]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig Do you have any recommendations? I grew from seed …one that is quite popular here on the East Coast from a reputable nursery but my plant looked nothing like the picture on the seed pack. I love radicchio in salad and it’s so beautiful…I wanted it to look like yours.

[@FaithVsFate]

Termites feeding on the card board during the no dig method. Is this common? Or will ants keep them in check?

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

I'm afraid it probably is normal in tropical climates. We do not see it here.

[@FaithVsFate]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig I wonder how detrimental it is. I did it last year but only noticed ants in that bed, I’m assuming they made quick work of whatever termite colony was there. Hopin so at least

[@LuckyFoodFarm]

growing kale in the summer does not bloom？

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Not when it's been sown in spring. It would flower in summer, if it had been sown the previous autumn or the previous summer. It's a biennial plant. Not annual.

[@nickhammersonrocks]

MICROBES POWER THE GROWTH !!!!!!!!!!!! .....SYNTHETIC FERTILIZERS ALL OVER THE GLOBE JUST GOT THEIR FEELINGS HURT !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Yup and good 😀

[@Vannie1958]

I noticed that you had a few mushrooms growing in the bed. I have quite a few too and wondered whether this was a good or a bad sign?!! Also, as it's been so mild this year (today is 10 November) there are things still growing that I would've replaced by now. My curly kale is still going strong, and I've just removed some French bean plants that have just stopped producing beans. So some of my seedlings that have been waiting to go in have had to wait a bit longer! I was planning to put some lettuce seedlings in (Winter Marvel) to go under a cloche but so far there isn't room, lol! I'm experimenting with some oriental veg such as Tsai Tai Chinese Flowering Shoot to see how that fares over the autumn. My Pak Choi didn't get off to a great start (had something making tiny holes in the leaves) but has taken off now so I'll have to leave that in a bit longer! It's all a moveable feast, it seems.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Yes very movable! Sounds good for planting now, the holes were flea beetles

[@Vannie1958]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig I had read that the problem may be flea beetles but I couldn't see any (and the problem seems to have gone away now). Regarding little mushrooms growing in the bed, is that normal???

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Flea beetles are almost invisible! And yes that's a sign of healthy soil

[@Vannie1958]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig Excellent news, thank you! (Just bought your "No Dig" book as an early Christmas pressie for myself. I'm also in south Somerset so all very relevant)

[@biosphere1053]

How do you keep the weeds out off the no dig bed?

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

No dig! See this video kzbin.info/www/bejne/l5m6p6mtZ9R6fqM

[@biosphere1053]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig thank you

[@MrDadavividede]

Hi Charles, here in Italy we have very hot and dry summer and we nerd to save water. What do you think about use of shading tree in the vegetable garden as agroforesting?

[@Karincl7]

I m absolutely not an expert but trees take water too

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

I so agree with KC, trees need water too and are not the solution for shade, I would use cloth or some kind of netting/mesh

[@JRR31984]

I can see why they say to transfer crops, in order to get nutrient divided rather than nutrient depleted in the soil AND plants....

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

I don't understand your point, do not see that

[@krystellesesslar806]

@Charles Downing, can you please tell us how you preserve fresh lettuce or other veggies for the market?

[@krystellesesslar806]

Sorry for typo… @Charles Dowding

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Hi Krystelle, I have no fridge or cooler. 1 Grow plants in super healthy, fertile, no dig soil, which makes leaves more firm in texture and higher in dry matter, so they keep better. 2 Pick early in the morning as much as possible so that leaves are still firm and damp. 3 Mix the leaves in cold water both to clean them and ensure that they are at full moisture capacity before bagging. 4 After draining the access water, put your leaf mix into polythene bags which retain the moisture. I have not yet discovered bags not of plastic, which work for wet leaves.

[@broccoli5408]

What's eating my fennel? Rats?

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Check the teeth marks, could be, or squirrels

[@broccoli5408]

@@CharlesDowding1nodigapparently the rascal comes from underground eating up through the bottom of the fennel eating out the heart and then just leaving the outside layer, I arrive to find a wilting plant that on inspection is completely hollow. It is in fact so marvellously done that I can only chuckle, but I loose 1 fennel a day which is upsetting.

[@nickhammersonrocks]

SOIL DOESN'T NEED TO REST !!!!!!!!!! UNLIKE POT ROAST AND OTHER COOKED MEATS WHICH NEED A RESTING PERIOD BEFORE SLICING AND SERVING !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@juliesykes6121]

My vegetables just get eaten by slugs.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Sounds like too much habitat nearby Julie

[@juliesykes6121]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig yes that is true. I have a resident hedgehog and frogs in my pond but I still have loads of slugs and snails.

[@dziakowiczka3665]

💜❤💜❤💜❤💜❤👍🧅🧄🥕🥒🥬🥦🍆🍅🥕🌽🌶🥔🥬

[@crazysquirrel9425]

Bible says to let the soil rest every 7 years. Rest means to sit fallow. Apparently there is ancient wisdom to this.

[@paulbeard5326]

Yea it says lots of things and don't believe everything you read

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Or, rest means not to be ploughed or tilled or dug over. With no dig, the soil rests always :)

[@paulbeard5326]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig yea trees don't rest also grass and all perennials

[@ireneteare2365]

Soil doesnt need rest?? A lie!!

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Please give evidence from your soil 😀, here I give a lot, point is that with no dig I am not asking my soil to "work"

[@ireneteare2365]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig you have no right for my soil. Are you ONE of the intruders who have been messing with my soil??? Back off.

[@itsmewende]

Charles I think it's safe to say, it doesn't matter how accomplished a gardener you think you are, there's still more to learn.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Which is so good Wende, keeps us respectful of nature's wonder 😀

[@itsmewende]

@@CharlesDowding1nodig Nature really is something. I saw flowers along my road for the first time, after being under asphalt for years.

[@itsmewende]

@Spaceman Spiff Wasn't easy 😂

[@franziskani]

tip on celery, the greens make an excellent dried herb. - the bulb is good in soup (also for beef bouillion), or in stir fries. Or precooked slices (the water can be used for soups) dipped into flour, egg wash, bread crumbs and then deep fry. Of course Waldorf salad, or roasted oven vegetables. - Many people throw away the greens. They can be easily dried, ground up in a small old fashioned electic coffee grinder (an electric one) and used as hearty spice. (The flavour is somewhat comparable to lovage. Unfortunately if you buy it, they usually only offer the bulbs without the greens).

[@Vienna1902]

In my country (Eastern EU) fresh celeriac greens are also used as part of green mix for cooking meat or vegetable stocks. Grocery stores sell only bulbs, but on farmers markets there is a choice of celeriac as a complete plant, just a bulb or just leaves.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Thanks so much, yes here we don't value and use the greens enough

[@nickhammersonrocks]

ROCK ON SUCK AND SPREAD BEDS !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.............................THE GARDENING OF THE FUTURE !!!!!!!!!!!! ..............AND THE SOUTH OF FRANCE !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@franksinatra1070]

Excellent Charles! I know you're in a warmer climate than me and can keep things going during the winter months but do you ever plant cover crops in the off season in your empty beds or just add compost and wait for spring? I do both and trying to figure out which is better.

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Yes I do both, see timings here kzbin.infoEPREC6s6K28

[@franziskani]

it is possible to have certain (regular !) crops (no special seeds or varieties necessary) till minus 10 or even minus 15 degrees Celsius. Salads that do not have a closed head, lambs quarters, spinach, brassicas, radishes, green onions, Asia salads, maybe chives. Carrots, potatoes and beets (and I think also pumpkins to a degree) can be left in the soil (or in the field) for later harvesting (the soil insulates them to a degree. Frozen potatoes will taste differently though, that can work in the UK but might not work in Austria. This is practical if people only have a warm basement or simply no space. Critters getting them in the beds do not seem to be a major problem. Wolfgang Palme heads test farms for the Austrian ministry of agriculture. They work for the Austrian vegetable growers (which are not huge companies) and market growers. They had test runs and measureda lot of parameters (even leaf temperature ), at one farm the outside (air) temperature went down till minus 12 degrees and the plants were fine and fit to be sold. And as growing (or at least harvesting freshly) in winter is Palme's passion he also founded a non-profit for regular folks and especially for field trips for school classes (year round growing, but again a lot of people do not know that you can closse the winter gap, so that catches the attention of the public). The limiting factor is light, the humidity of winter. It takes much longer to dry, and there is more precipitation to begin with: be it rain, snow or constantly condensed water in form of fog or dew) - if you can help your plants with that, they will be surprsingly able to cope with very low temps. At least for a short time. 1 or 2 weeks of -15 degrees might kill them off but winters have gotten milder and one could do some minimum heating with the candles used in graveyards. a friend wisened up and built a construction with foil in case his peach tree is threatened by late frosts. He used such a candle holder to heat the space around the protected tree this May - and this was enough to get it through one frosty night (- 6 degrees Celsius, they are a little higher up). It has to be a lantern or something like that, that will not topple over and can hold the liquid wax as the candle burns down. In Middle Europe if it gets - 15 degrees, it is also sunny during day, so the plants can thaw in an unheated greenhouse or in a foil tunnel and may be even able to do some photosynthesis after thawing. It is just crucial that they are not moved as long as they are frozen, and look limp. Many plants can protect the cells (the inside) with sugars, proteins, fats which act as anti-freezant. The ice crystalls form between the cells. If plants are moved in that stage (and that could be by wind, too - hence the proctection by some foil or structure is recommended) the ice crystalls will pierce the cell walls and then they die. But if they have time to thaw without being bothered, they will spring back to normal texture and good looks, and if harvested then they are crisp, taste and look as they should.

[@kath-phlox]

Keep the soil fed and it will keep you fed I guess.

[@kathim7196]

Except every seventh year, we are told in the Bible to let the land have a Sabbath rest, no planting or anything, and He will multiply your sixth year harvest to feed you until the eighth year crops come in. It's not my opinion, it's God's instructions for caring for our land. Worth considering!

[@CharlesDowding1nodig]

Thanks