SPSS Data Analysis | Cronbach Alpha Reliability - Analysis, Interpretation, and Reporting

[@miramuhamad7757]

Currently taking Phd course, and watching your videos have made me much more clearer on reporting my data analysis. Thank you!

[@researchwithfawad]

Great to hear! Please do like, comment, and share in your research circle

[@hrwithsanchita3056]

Sir, since last evening seeing your videos, even had bought a course on udemy , but your videos are making my concepts more clear than that course A student from Delhi, India Thanks a lot sir

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks l. I am glad you liked it

[@miramuhamad7757]

Been watching most of your videos as I'm currently on analysing my data. Will submit my PhD thesis this August for Viva Vorce. Sincerely, A final-year postgraduate student from Malaysia

[@researchwithfawad]

Al hamdu llilah. May Alla (SWT) bless you with success.

[@tamannaamreen5988]

Thank you so much for giving such easy explanations for every analysis... May Allah bless you with success in life, Ameen...

[@researchwithfawad]

It's my pleasure. Ameen

[@bandungmee]

I would say, this is very good and thanks to your effort in making it clear to understand.. from the concept to how we use it in the software. Would appreciate more of this type of presentation. Thanks a lot

[@researchwithfawad]

Glad it was helpful!

[@dfsalma9664]

Elhamdolilahe I found your videos before submitting my thesis

[@researchwithfawad]

Jazak allah khair.

[@liamomahony1]

Helping me through my major research project right now. Thank you so much there is not enough high quality videos on this stuff

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@mdibrahimkhalil6487]

You take crores of salam of my side,,, god blessed you Dr.

[@researchwithfawad]

So nice of you. Ameen

[@mdibrahimkhalil6487]

@@researchwithfawad summamin

[@subratakumarroy8099]

You are awesome, Sir, when it comes to explaining the statistics.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@ifrahsyed4316]

Your content is a saviour!

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching.

[@PinessCodes]

I really learned a lot from this video. Thank you!!!

[@researchwithfawad]

Glad it was helpful!

[@Laizah100]

Good video, thank you for uploading. very helpful

[@researchwithfawad]

Glad it was helpful!

[@nilamanimaharana984]

Thank you sir for the great vedio just like ..we want more

[@researchwithfawad]

Pleasure. I am glad you liked it.

[@MisbahKaleem-jq3ju]

Thank you very much Very helpful

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching

[@arfazahoor1610]

Thanks. Very informative. Any video where we get low reliability and how we improve ?

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching. Please watch kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4uwp6iKmJZ7q68

[@liverose2204]

very clear. thank you

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@mjdantic5781]

Thank you very much! It greatly helped!!

[@researchwithfawad]

Glad it helped!

[@zahrabusinessacademia4968]

Very nicely explained very helpful 😊

[@researchwithfawad]

Glad it was helpful!

[@AbassOpeyemi-c9z]

Thank you so much for this

[@researchwithfawad]

Pleasure. I am glad you liked the video.

[@hafijulshaikh1305]

Thank you so much sir

[@researchwithfawad]

Pleasure. I am glad you liked it.

[@Alhamzah_F_Abbas]

Thank you prof.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@phulprasadsubedi2370]

Very useful thank you.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@jesintakumarimurugiah8984]

Hello Sir, Your video is helpful, doing my master's program now, and you're providing so much insight and helping me, incredibly grateful for that. A question from end is that " is the Cronbach's alpha based on the standardized items important to evaluate?" . in another word, it is important to do the correlation to gauge the reliability?

[@researchwithfawad]

No, you can simply report alpha value. The item to total correlation is used to assess which item to remove from the scale in case of item is not performing well in a scale.

[@jesintakumarimurugiah8984]

@@researchwithfawad thank you so much sir 🙏🏽

[@jesintakumarimurugiah8984]

@@researchwithfawadFawad sir, do we need to perform reliability for both independent and dependent variable?

[@seemaagiwal]

Hello Sir, thank you so much for making this difficult concept easy for us. Sir, when I calculated it. it was 0.5 what are the step I need to take further. Interpretation I understood with your explanation. But what I am supposed to do now? Should I mention the same in my study or skip the this segment altogether or something else? please suggest as I am the stage of submitting the research work.

[@researchwithfawad]

Pleasure. You need to report the final Alpha, however you need to mention the items that were removed to improve the alpha.

[@seemaagiwal]

@@researchwithfawad Sir even after removing or deleting the items, it is not improving. So does it make sense to report alpha?

[@seemaagiwal]

@@researchwithfawad sir, 5 point and 7 point likert question statements belonging to one parameter can be considered together or I have to take seperate for 5 point and 7 point??? Pls reply Sir

[@researchwithfawad]

Convery the 7 into 5 and then calculate the alpha.

[@seemaagiwal]

@@researchwithfawad thank you Sir

[@kanwalpreet]

Sir, what is the answer to how you checked the reliability and validity of a questionnaire??

[@researchwithfawad]

Reliability using Cronbach Alpha or Composite Reliability Validity using Convergent and Discriminant Validity

[@sitjiignatius]

Awesome

[@researchwithfawad]

Thank you.

[@PinessCodes]

Please what does the N stand for in the Case Processing Summary table

[@researchwithfawad]

N refers to the Sample Size.

[@chefberrypassionateresearcher]

Sir, if I have 1 reflective construct and 2 formative constructs, each measured on 5 point Likert scale, Then how should I report reliability for my pilot study data which is very less, as compared to actual study?. Is it mandatory to report pilot study questionnaire reliability in such case?

[@researchwithfawad]

Report reliability for reflective constructs.

[@hayanisanuri7904]

How to calculate total value of cronbach alpha from all constructs??

[@researchwithfawad]

You can put in all items at once. But this is not required, reporting each construct seprately is fine.

[@hameemislam753]

Sir i have emotional intelligence as my construct it has 5 sub dimensions i calculate reliability of sub dimensions sir do i need to calculate the reliability of full scale also or not or just dimensions only

[@researchwithfawad]

Not required

[@rohitjaiswal5470]

Sir what is the name of the paper which you referenced by name "Hair et al 2013"

[@researchwithfawad]

Please refer to Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long range planning, 46(1-2), 1-12.

[@FarmanAli-se6no]

what i can do if my cronback Alpha reliability is less then 0.7. how to set our data ?

[@researchwithfawad]

If it is over 0.60, it can be referred to as fair.

[@seemaagiwal]

@Research With Fawad sir, 5 point and 7 point likert question statements belonging to one parameter can be considered together or I have to take seperate for 5 point and 7 point??? Pls reply Sir

[@researchwithfawad]

Please use either 5 or 7.

[@divyatiwari4403]

respected sir, I have two items to measure a construct and the alpha value= .493 and the alpha if item deleted is nil. in this case how can I increase the alpha value? how much responses I can delete to improve alpha value?

[@researchwithfawad]

Check for composite reliability. Limited no. of items is a limitation of Alpha.

[@malikasharma1871]

Sir I have done cronbach alpha test. Every items have good reliability except last three items which are taken together. I am getting a value of .358. After deleting any of the item, i am not going to get good values as deleted items have below.358 value. Sir how can i improve this ?? Thanks for ur informative videos.

[@researchwithfawad]

Check for item to total correlation. Cronbach Alpha is sensitive to no. of items in a construct. Hence, you are not getting higher alpha.

[@ttaylor8971]

Hi. I am getting a score of 0.2. using often, sometimes and never as the responses and a score of 5.7 for true and false responses. Is alpha used for these or do I need to do another type of validity test? thanks

[@researchwithfawad]

Alpha values are low when no. of items are few for a construct. Also, the response scale kay also he contributing. Plus we do not assess Alpha for Dichotomous or nominal scale.

[@mirzaiqa3051]

How to check reliability for both positive and negative items(reverse) in a scale

[@researchwithfawad]

First, You will need to re-code the reverse items. Like change 5 to 1, 4 to 2, 2 to 4, and 1 to 5.

[@mirzaiqa3051]

@@researchwithfawad Thanku

[@oludipe737]

IF i have 30 Independent Variables and 12 of these Variables have Cronbach's alpha lesser than 0.7. What does that mean? Data cant be gotten again?

[@researchwithfawad]

You will need to check if it can be improved? if not, check if the data was collected and the questionnaires were filled properly.

[@sanaafreen1937]

Sir if we have removed few questions in order to improve alpha, do we report that too?

[@researchwithfawad]

Yes please

[@jiahuiyip7882]

Hi, I have a problem here. As I know, only numeric variable can be used to analyze alpha, but how if the import data shows it is spring variable? how can I fix it? thanks in advance.

[@researchwithfawad]

You will need to change it to its numeric equivalent, either in SPSS or Excel.

[@anugrewal9790]

Greetings sir My alpha for two construct is coming 0.683 and 0.668 respectively is it fine?

[@researchwithfawad]

Yes it is acceptable.

[@anugrewal9790]

@@researchwithfawad ok thank you sir

[@rediettesfaye2665]

hello there, i have question on alpha value, what if all value score is below 0.4

[@researchwithfawad]

This is very low and is referred to as inadequate/poor.

[@mugomuiruri2313]

VALIDITY?

[@researchwithfawad]

Which software please?

[@rameshp456]

I think cronbach alpha only for ordinal data. How u do in nominal data

[@researchwithfawad]

Please refer to this thread www.researchgate.net/post/Is_it_correct_to_use_Cronbach_s_Alpha_to_assess_the_internal_consistency_of_a_questionnaire_with_binary_data_yes_no Or www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_test_reliability_for_dichotomous_scale_items_Also_can_cronbach_alpha_be_used_for_5_point_likert_scale_items_if_taken_as_ordinal_scale

[@khairinkhalida9671]

Hi, if you don't mind me asking, do we need to record the data if the item is removed? Or should we just remove the item and record the new cronbach alpha?

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for the interest. Sure you can ask. Do Remove the items and redo the alpha analysis.

[@khairinkhalida9671]

@@researchwithfawad do we need to say that we remove the items from the scale in the paper?

[@researchwithfawad]

Yes, it is always recommended.

[@khairinkhalida9671]

@@researchwithfawad Thank you for your help!

[@syedsana123]

Sir what if we get item total correlation of 0.8 or 0.9 or above.Will this cause any error in our further analysis/SEM??

[@researchwithfawad]

What are the values of Cronbach's Alpha?

[@syedsana123]

@@researchwithfawad cronbach alpha values are 0.817,0.941,0.871,0.724,0.841 and 0.912

[@sohaibkhan6707]

Sir, In quasi experimental pre and post research data forinstance lets say i have assessed self esteem at pre level and and then at post level, should i run reliability on pre and post reading separately?

[@researchwithfawad]

To the best of my knowledge, yes, separate is better.

[@sohaibkhan6707]

@@researchwithfawad Thank you.

[@kcp0829]

What if it's not at .70 or above. I deleted items and it made my alpha go up. How do I report this if I delete it

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for your comment. In case of deletion you will have to mention the items deleted and the reason for deletion in the the Reliability section of your analysis.

[@applepakistan3164]

بھائی جان اس سکیل alpha chronbach اور exploratory factory analysis میں کیا فرق ھے وضاحت کر دیں شکریہ 🤲🙏🙏

[@researchwithfawad]

Cronbach alpha is to assess tue reliability of the constructs in the study. Exploratory Factor Analysis is to identify which if there are a smaller number of factors. Like a number of items grouped together to form a factor/construct.

[@applepakistan3164]

@@researchwithfawad please a short video for two things with examples 🙏🙏🙏🌹

[@muhamadnorasyrafbinsamsudi375]

what happens wwhen warnings "covariance matrix is extremely zero"? can i not use the cronbach's alpha i got?

[@researchwithfawad]

This mean there is almost absolute or high correlation between the items. You may need to remove items with very high correlation.

[@muhamadnorasyrafbinsamsudi375]

@@researchwithfawad thank you i see

[@muhamadnorasyrafbinsamsudi375]

@@researchwithfawad so, i just realise that i run alpha on different domains at the same time (which is wrong)…now, after done it separately, do i calculate & report average alpha of all those domains? Example: AT (.789), BE (.853) & LS (.911)…(.789+.853+.911)/3 = 2.553/3 = 0.851

[@researchwithfawad]

No need for average alpha.

[@muhamadnorasyrafbinsamsudi375]

@@researchwithfawad ok but some resarches reported cronbach alpha for each domain & overall domain right? why tho? i did module that needs reliability testings btw

[@CANNY__]

Thank you sm you saved my life 🤍

[@researchwithfawad]

Pleasure. I am glad that the video was helpful.

[@CANNY__]

​@@researchwithfawad can you do item statistics and item total statistics report please?

[@CANNY__]

​@@researchwithfawadcan you do item statistics and item total statistics report please?

[@researchwithfawad]

Report? Yes you can report them if you have used it in your study.