Space Volcanoes with Neil deGrasse Tyson and Natalie Starkey - Cosmic Queries

What’s a supervolcano? On this episode, Neil deGrasse Tyson and comic co-host Matt Kirshen discover all types of volcanoes in the solar system with cosmochemist and author of Fire and Ice: The Volcanoes of the Solar System, Natalie Starkey. Is there such a thing as an ice volcano?
What types of volcanoes are present in our solar system? We discuss the volcanic activity on our neighbors, Mars and Venus. How did these planets end up so different from Earth? You’ll learn about probes being sent to Venus, cryovolcanoes, and the Voyager Mission. Are other planets’ moons cooler than ours? Are ice volcanoes actually more common than our own fiery ones?
What even is a volcano? Find out how different volcanoes in the solar system work. Could there be fish getting spewed into the E Ring of Saturn? Is there life on Enceladus or Io? We break down the difference between magma and lava and what process it goes through to erupt. Should we be worried about supervolcanoes on our own planet? Is the volcanic caldera under Yellowstone really “due”? What determines the size of a volcano? How did Mars’s Olympus Mons get so big? Is there a reason we don’t have an Olympus Mons on Earth?
Is there plate tectonics on Mars? Does volcanic activity cool the Earth’s interior? How is the Earth still warm? We discuss how the Earth’s molten interior created our magnetic field and how long it will continue to stay warm. Can asteroids generate volcanos? Can a volcano eruption send a rock to space? Could there be a planet made entirely of volcanoes? All that, plus, could we create an artificial volcano or cause an eruption ourselves?
Thanks to our Patrons ILAN CAPONE, Ricardo Torres, Boiphamet, Sebastien Leroy, Parker, Katharine Hooper, and Alireza Sefat for supporting us this week.
NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can watch or listen to this entire episode commercial-free.
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Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up!
#StarTalk #NeildeGrasseTyson

[@StarTalk]

Volcanoes can spew ice?! Comment something new you learned that changes the way you view volcanoes.

[@chasecrowe2598]

I cannot pick 1 thing. Neil teaches us so much. I love startalk ,it would be a dream to meet and have a conversation with neil someday. Not only is he my personal astrophysicist, he's my favorite astrophysicist.

[@aprylvanryn5898]

I learned Pluto has volcanoes. It didn't change my view on volcanoes but it made me sad it isn't a planet anymore

[@tankmango7574]

Deez nutz

[@josephsandall9022]

Wait, wouldn’t all volcanoes spew ice? Rock is frozen lava

[@josephsandall9022]

*Frozen magma

[@swed420thequestforknowledge]

I am so happy I just got home from work and sat down and got comfortable and I was thinking to myself I really hope Neil has a new long podcast out today I been wanting more since the space force one and I click on star talk on the top of my search list and it says new cosmic queries 5 minutes ago that literally just made my day I didn’t have to wait and it just came out five minutes ago 😂🤣🤷🏻‍♂️

[@StarTalk]

This made our night. Hope you enjoy!

[@swed420thequestforknowledge]

@@StarTalk aww thank you for the response and I did enjoy thank you for the knowledge

[@quantumskittles]

I love this channel too 💜

[@anewman]

Keep bringing Natalie on. Love her laugh and accent, in addition to the knowledge.

[@barbaralachance5836]

I love Natalie, her first book was great and i can't wait to read this one. Edit: Fire and Ice is even better than her first book. :) I highly recommend.

[@goredzilla]

this has been covered on Startalk before but not to this extent. THANK YOU ! Fascinating !

[@engineeringaspirantunoffic2856]

I AM 15 AND MY BROTHER IS 12 WE ARE HUGE FANS OF YOU SIR FROM INDIA

[@kirbymarchbarcena]

Listening to Natalie was a blast, her accent is quite alluring to my ears.

[@masterpopeyoda3290]

I always perk up when i hear natalies the guest, for that same reason. I really love her pretty accent and she makes compelx topics easy to understand and has a humours flair about her as well. Really i wish she was a co host sometimes.

[@demoncbr9981]

It’s like if Belle Delphine was a scientist.

[@chaisebruh]

Woah there buddy

[@damianmlamb]

Just say shes hott lol

[@masterpopeyoda3290]

@@damianmlamb that would be an insult to her inteligence, because shes much more than physical beauty.

[@KapteinFruit]

StarTalk is helping me keep being sort of sane. Thank you all for the interesting content. It helps me relax.

[@alejandrocm26]

Greetings from Guatemala! I just wanted to say that I absolutely love every podcast you make, I try to learn something new everyday and you guys are a big part of that.

[@ricardop9196]

Im so happy interent is providing poor countries with awesome education. Keep on learning

[@bryanmckewen274]

I literally get up at 5am every morning and listen to star talk as I'm getting ready and driving to work! literally my favorite show on youtube!

[@DanTriggerhappyGames]

Stopped everything I was doing to watch this, always hyped about your videos!

[@StarTalk]

This makes us happy.

[@khaldrogo1782]

Hmm I'm waiting for chuck to show up, I don't feel the same when he's not there.

[@aprylvanryn5898]

Me too. It never feels right without chuck

[@ridetheapex]

This

[@deeemm979]

Interesting interview Dr. Natelie Starkey, ty, will look into your work more. It does feel off without Chuck, like Conan without Andy or Colbert without Baptiste.

[@sicfxmusic]

During these hard times, you can download a smiling picture of Chuck and keep beside you.

[@_Caedwyn]

when neiil says "its a mystery to all of us" about how ice volcanoes work, WE ALL KNOW he knows about it quite a lot, he is just being humble in the presence of an expert. and yet, people give him so much hate and accuse him of commenting on everything that he is not an expert of ! or saying "he should learn to stay quiet on the things that are not physics" they dont understand how vast the realm of physics IS and how wise neil is!

[@SEVYNTHEVILLAIN]

*Drink Champs has entered the chat*

[@caty863]

You can really see passion in the eyes of that lady. She must love what she does indeed!

[@wulfrache]

Fire and Ice is a great title, was even better the first time.

[@wulfrache]

Or really i should say the first few times.

[@khaldrogo1782]

I'm so here for this! Thank you Neil!

[@shimmerychick]

I'm officially addicted to Startalk, it's such an amazing show. More interesting than anything else on youtube to me. More interesting than travel channels, fashion, talk shows with celebrities and beauty tutorials and etc :D Also I've been sick the past few days and Startalk makes me so happy that it's the only thing I've been watching the whole day to cheer me up and relax. Thank you so much for the amazing show, both Niel and Chuck. Love you!

[@kevindunk8796]

The exponentiality of thought? Big up Natalie! Awesome work!

[@nayanpanchal39]

Who ever reads this hope ur having good day

[@Darkflowerchyld718]

You too! Be safe 😊

[@ashuchitkara8143]

I love your show, I watch it everyday when I am free. Can you please do one episode on how waves interfere, my teacher has been trying to explain it but we are not able to understand. Many of my friends have lost interest in physics because of that which is heartbreaking, I hope you can help us just a bit.

[@pratikraut6354]

Hey I'm from India. Thanks for the shout out to us ❤❤

[@short11000]

No, I had no idea about ice volcanoes in space. Wow!

[@misterx168]

NICE, the normal thumbnails are back, I hate the exagerated ones.

[@MemyBurosi]

Greetings from Turkey, I really enjoy the work you guys put into it 🌟🌟👍🏿👍🏿👍🏿👍🏿

[@connordiego5952]

where's Chuck 👀👀

[@mikebeemd7296]

Man these commercialisering suck on KZbin1-6 commercials in a row ……….. love you guys always learning something new for watching startalk

[@steve-o6413]

Love these types of Star Talks...

[@joshk3273]

Natalie is fascinating and adorable. Great take on volcanoes and geology.

[@jf2369af]

Sweet video, honestly never thought about volcanoes being in space. Thanks for giving me new things to think about.

[@knightwing4]

You mentioned some things about Iceland near the end of your show that I never knew before. I would love to see a show just on Iceland and how they get their energy and heat the roads and all of that. I think it would be a very interesting topic and one that a lot of us didn’t know about.

[@RickySTT]

To be clear, the eastern Caribbean islands _are_ on a fault line. Specifically, they are over a subduction zone. And unlike the Hawaiian volcanoes, you *cannot* outrun them!

[@dirkl9652]

Great show !!! Many questions answered and fewer interruptions

[@jfreshh330]

Will you guys ever go back to the old format of Neil and the cohost in his office? I loved that setup so much more, these webcams are terrible quality and just the production quality of the videos seemed higher as you guys were filming with higher quality cameras too. Please consider 🥺

[@Rhekon]

Covid and convenience.

[@rodneyallen5003]

Being both an enthusiast of astronomy/astrophysics and a student of geology this episode combining these branches of science is like being a kid in a ‘penny-candy store’ with a 20 dollar bill !

[@dberg666]

Natalie is one if the best guests, she is amazing with her knowledge

[@philipberthiaume2314]

Very impressive guest.

[@isatousarr7044]

Space volcanoes, such as those on moons like Io and Enceladus, offer fascinating insights into volcanic activity beyond Earth. These extraterrestrial features can reveal much about the internal dynamics and geological processes of other planetary bodies, and they may even harbor environments that could support life. However, the potential for non-Earthly pathogens, such as alien viruses or microorganisms, raises important questions. As we explore and study these space volcanoes, what precautions should be taken to prevent the introduction of extraterrestrial pathogens to Earth, and how can we ensure that our exploration efforts do not inadvertently impact either planetary ecosystems or our own?

[@janicewolf1912]

Will watch tomorrow

[@dunderwood4444]

Brooklyn NY loves Star Talk, another flawless episode

[@sayeager5559]

More Chuck.

[@qrayos02]

Is it me or that guy Chuck gives the show a different energy? I dont know if I'd regret to say this but I kind of missed him on this one .

[@sumitjagtap7298]

Yeah The show is more fun when chuck is around

[@witchdoctor6502]

This was great episode and I never realized how chain volcanoes are created (I was thinking exactly the same as Matt)

[@stephanienirenberg7426]

I Love this show so very much. Thank you Neil.

[@allknowingfreddybear9291]

Smart people make life worth living!

[@msmith53]

Yeah....very sad that there are so few....

[@cleonii]

i remember the last time she was on the show. the volcano lady.

[@longbranch5921]

I miss Chuck

[@slevinchannel7589]

I like Science-KZbinr. Do you like Science-KZbinr? If so, want me to recommend some?

[@Th3_UnKnOwN_PrO]

Ya Chuck.. the only co-host this show should have. Js

[@Britishwolla]

We all do😢

[@AlinOrza93]

When I see this guy Matt I quit watching right away ,dunno why but I don't like him.

[@SgtStang]

One of the best episodes yet. Cheers from 🇨🇦 🍻 ☄Keep lookin' up 🪐

[@justiceaddico2560]

Where is chuck ?

[@mennobot3884]

When a lava cools down it will not always be a basalt, the rock it becomes depends on the mineral composition of the magma. When the magma's composition has a relatively high amount of silicate, it'll most likely turn into a granite (/rhyolite)

[@itzopt]

Love the content

[@StarTalk]

Thank you, Eric!

[@davida8407]

Awesome episode and nice gold Speedmaster moonwatch Neil!

[@irkedoff]

Always great content and fun to learn new things about the universe we live in. Thanks for sharing your knowledge and thoughts. I really appreciate it.

[@matthewlofton8465]

The reasons the land around a volcano is less safe isn't necessarily because there's flowing magma down there. It's less safe because the magma carved out tunnels beneath the surface trying to find a way out...and in some places failed. Some of these tunnels open up to the surface due to material collapse or even just simple erosion opening up a hole over time. The tunnels are rather unstable, and sometimes you just don't know they were ever there. This is why from a real-estate standpoint you have to disclose the presence of magma-tube caves on your property. In grade school, we had a science textbook that featured a short story about something related to that chapter's topic. The chapter on volcanoes had a story about a Mexican farmer in a village living in the shadow of a mountain (I don't recall if it was considered a normal mountain or as a rumbling volcano that hadn't properly erupted in a long while). He went out one morning to plough his fields when his plough dug into a magma tube and fell in. Frightened by what happened, the farmer ran back to the village to warn everyone about what happened and shortly thereafter the volcano erupted.

[@jermelpurse3018]

Awesome guest this week. Listening to her introduction the first thing that came to mind and I thought of the danger studying volcanoes could post to someone is how great it is to see technology advanced now just think we could study volcanoes without having to get close to them now. Just think of all the soil samples you could take with a specialized drone or some other land based vehicle. I can’t wait to see the discoveries we make at home looking at our earth as volcanoes irrupt today.

[@komalsadvilkar2817]

I am fall love of this channel Start Talk😍 Thank You 👍

[@baileyduffy4531]

I love these videos, so many interesting topics and interesting takes.

[@daltonmcmaster3489]

I was just listening to this at work and I could have sworn that it was Johannah James talking.

[@simsimg264]

There should be a rule... No Chuck... No filming! I'd rather wait for Chuck to be available..

[@marcosanaya9540]

Elitist.

[@zealot5590]

Would love to learn more about Cosmic background radiation, gamma ray bursts etc.

[@fwd79]

Neil spoke about it more than a decade ago => kzbin.info/www/bejne/npTHpGiFl5psesk

[@JohnyG29]

Google it.

[@timlane9216]

Chuck is the best

[@MelzFootballEditz]

This made my day ( and night because I watch it before bed! ‘

[@wumdo9313]

Could you explain strange matter?

[@kightbob]

Thanks StarTalk great show.

[@SAJe_53]

Don't worry everyone. Venus will be much more like earth in another century or two.

[@schneiderj.p8696]

It was amazing seeing you even if it was just for 2 minutes have a good day !

[@ryanjohnson2844]

Where’s chuck

[@davidt3956]

As soon the discussion was about fish being spewed into space, I went directly to Douglas Adams.

[@marvinmauldin4361]

Comparing volcanoes to pressure cookers should immediately bring to mind Mount St. Helens, since the big landslide aimed the main eruption to one side as the "lid" was removed.

[@reecealexander8705]

Neil you my guy but wheres chuck at....cant have maverick without goose

[@Abs0lutZr0]

Awesome episode!!

[@schizowallflower]

Fire and Ice are not only literary, but they also seem very musical; in addition to her book about Fire & Ice, I wonder if anyone has written A Song of Ice & Fire?

[@seandepoppe6716]

Listening and watching her, I had my own volcanic action on this body...

[@edgarcastillo2804]

"They are not Menasing, volcanos are lovely" i need it to write it down. Hi from Chile

[@stevenlukaj1223]

My thoughts on understanding the understandable-Although you are alive you can never experience a finite present because even the particles that make me, me are moving through space. Which in turn means that there are subatomic layers that are also moving through space. True present is nothing or infinity. We contain infinity, or are just a part of it. The total number of numbers is the same as the total number of things in space, Infinite. Is the idea that math is based on infinity why it works with understanding quantum and astrophysics?

[@frankwrege5043]

It might not be a full podcast, and honestly would likely be anticlimactic, but I would like to hear from someone that has done the numbers on Venus's "atmosphere" and determined what percent of it is essentially vaporized ocean and that is why the pressures at the surface are so high.

[@matthewlofton8465]

We cannot drill far enough into the Earth to expose molten rock (unless you did something dumb like drill into a volcano). The furthest we have gone (roughly 6 miles or so?) ran into two major problems. The first problem was that they unexpectedly discovered a formation of a much-harder rock than they anticipated and the drill bits kept breaking, the solution to this problem was to shift the bore hole by some big enough distance that they wouldn't encounter this slab of problem rock. The second problem was that the rock kept getting softer and softer, and as it did the rock started acting like wet concrete starting to dry. It would stick to the drill shaft and clump up on the drill bit such that eventually enough frictional force built up on the shaft that the drill bit just snapped completely off. This problem was never solved as the project ran out of money and interest and everybody bailed. If we want to go further, we will have to figure out how to deal with this issue OR switch to a non-mechanical drilling process (blasting, lasers, etc).

[@muhammadassiddiq1208]

This is awesome!

[@gloomy5487]

Matt is literally the best co-host because his contribution is actually adding to the discussion instead of detracting away from it.

[@tyrant1081]

Me and my friends were having a discussion about time travel and we'd like to get a professional or an experienced person's opinion on the matter I said that if you created a time machine and went back in time both to when you took your 1st step and killed yourself you would still exist in the time line you came from I'm from but the time I knew when to would no longer have you there thus created a new timeline is this right

[@fwd79]

Yes.

[@msmith53]

Time travel can be achieved daily if you read an “old” book....happy journey!

[@resonant_theories]

What is told about Hawaii, the way the volcanoes are created. Something similar exists in the Aegean Sea. Over a timespan of millions of years, a volcanic bow/arc is moving down from North Aegean to South (towards Crete). At this era, the flagship volcano of that bow is the one in the island of Santorini (or Thera). As said the bow moves towards the island of Crete, due to the movement of the tectonic plates. Of course that process takes millions of years to complete.

[@akhils7311]

Hello, Thank you for sharing interesting content. I have a question regarding gravity which seems contradictory in this chat, Since gravity is not a force, can we use the fundamental equation of newton's to calculate gravitational effect rather is there any other equation to be implicated in the future considering Einstein's ideology.

[@edgarcastillo2804]

When Natalie said that Ceres is a asteroid and not a dwarf planet like Tyson said, i really liked that dude hahaha

[@kevindunk8796]

I need a galactic conjecture! Something like "objects without any gravitational influence" Where they infinitely go?

[@CrazyBeardedGamer]

Venus is our neighbor and Mars is our neighbor but Mercury is our neighbor too (most of the time)

[@huldu]

She made a good point about living underground but if you've lived your entire life underground that's what you know and that would be normal to you. That's something I think people would adapt to especially as generations go by. I'm certain there will be future humans out there in space who will never visit Earth and perhaps spend their entire life in a space station.

[@WasabiSniffer]

Lol “EXPLAIN YOURSELF, NATALIE!”

[@chansesyres8785]

You can actually remove friction, air resistance, and gravity. If you get high enough.

[@RyanBlackhawke]

I live next to Mount Baker in Washington state. It is overdue for an eruption.

[@GabrielPinheiro3001]

What I got from this is that the rings of saturn are made of fish

[@danfarthing4332]

Thanks!

[@sammo7877]

wooohoooo UK!

[@fwd79]

Q & A starts at 15:10 if you (like myself) already know who Dr Natalie Starkey is. Great talk 👍

[@Virimen]

As the universe and solar systems are always expanding, will Venus not ever end up in a Goldie Locks zone similar to the one earth is in? Is it not also an option for future exploration as Mars moves further out?

[@barbaralachance5836]

Isn't it already in the right zone? I don't know if you've heard of the KZbin channel Kurzgesagt, but they have made a video on terra forming Venus. It's a really cool one actually!

[@Virimen]

@@barbaralachance5836 Love Kurzgesagt. Will look for that one. Thank you. :)

[@avinashsuresh2660]

Neil 43:27: That's how you roll Geologists: Nah, that's how we rock!

[@archer1744]

I'm so happy to see a scientist into comedy like Neil is becoming....a better comedian every day....maybe space aliens will come down in their spacecraft and give him some new jokes that are simply undeniably out of this world....no pun intended.....wait a minute.....yeah pun intended ok....😁

[@tomdewispelaere4727]

Question : if the sizes of our moon and sun, or their distances to earth would be any different, would we still be seeing full solar eclipses? And in case we wouldn't : is that perfect balance between earth-moon-sun a coincidence or an expression of some law of physics?

[@caty863]

It's just a happy coincidence that our moon is at the right distance that allows it to have the same angular size in our sky as the Sun.

[@btaylor9788]

Keep making these videos

[@quinnmcdonald3763]

Yesss. New StarTalk today. 💜💜💜

[@andreirving779]

Why no Star Talk at NYCC? This hurt my spirit.

[@wulfrache]

Enceledes i would consider more to be geysers. However there are actual "ice volcanos" out there more in the tradional sense. Like the one on Ceres.

[@fwd79]

No they are volcanos.

[@wulfrache]

@@fwd79 Actually we don't know what they are really. Up until now everyone has called them geysers though. Matter of opinion really.

[@wulfrache]

@@fwd79 Up until now we have called anything with water/ice vapor/steam a geyser and anything with molten rock and particulates a volcano. This is a combination we have never seen before therefore needs a new classification. What we see on Encel is a geyser in every way exept it also shoots particulates.