Statics and Dynamics in Engineering Mechanics

Statics
In order to know what is statics, we first need to know about equilibrium.
Equilibrium means, the body is completely at rest or the body is moving with constant velocity that is zero acceleration.
Statics deals with the bodies in equilibrium, that is body at rest and body moving with constant velocity.
If we apply forces on a body at rest and still it continues to be in rest, then the study of forces and their effects comes under statics.
And if we apply forces on a body moving with constant velocity and it continues to be moving with the same velocity, then this study of forces and their effects also comes under statics.
If we apply force on a body at rest, that produces a net torque, tending to start it rotating. It is therefore not in equilibrium.
Hence, in all cases the net force or net torque acting on the body should be zero.
Generally statics is defined as the branch of Engineering Mechanics which deals with the forces and their effects, acting upon the bodies which are and remain in equilibrium.
We need to know statics,
- to determine how much force a bridge can withstand,
- the force a dam needs to withstand from the water.
- to calculate how much weight a crane can lift,
- how much force a locomotive needs to pull a freight train.
Cables and strings in stationary positions in mechanical systems also come under the statics.
Dynamics
Dynamics is the branch of Engineering Mechanics, which deals with the forces and their effects, acting upon the bodies in motion.
That is, we will see how a body moves under the influence of different forces.
If a person throws a stone to the other side of the building, it moves in a parabolic path under the influence of person’s force and gravitational force
The concepts of dynamics enable us to analyze the flight characteristics of a jet, designing a building to resist earthquakes, and mitigate shock and vibration to passengers inside a vehicle.
And to calculate with how much force we need to send a satellite into orbit.
Dynamics is further divided into two branches, kinematics and kinetics.
Kinematics deals with the analysis of motion of bodies without considering the forces causing or associated with these motions.
Kinetics deals with the forces acting on the bodies, without considering the motion.
To solve the problems encountered during the study of statics and dynamics, we have to learn about the principles of Newton's laws of motion.
Along with this, we need adequate knowledge of vector algebra, as the physical quantities encountered during engineering analyses are mostly vectors, such as, Force and Velocity.
These laws of motion and vector algebra come under the laws of mechanics.

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