Supernumerary teeth |Types of supernumerary teeth | Causes | Gardner's syndrome, Treatmen

Supernumerary teeth (hyperdontia) are extra teeth that appear in addition to the normal set in your mouth. They can appear in any quadrant of the jaw.
It can look like the nearby teeth (supplemental) or have an abnormal shape and size (rudimentary).
Causes: These extra teeth occur due to excess dental lamina or its continued proliferation. Theories include:
Tooth bud splitting into two.
Hyperactivity of dental lamina.
Genetic predisposition.
Syndromes Associated with Supernumerary Teeth:
Gardner’s Syndrome.
Cleidocranial Dysplasia.
Cleft Palate.
Prevalence
Supernumerary teeth appear in 0.8% of primary dentition and 2.1% of permanent dentition. They are more common in males and usually found in the anterior maxilla and mandibular premolar areas.
Classification by Morphology Supernumerary teeth can be:
Conical: Small, peg-shaped.
Tuberculate: Barrel-shaped, often paired.
Supplemental: Duplicate of a normal tooth.
Odontome: Disorganized mass of dental tissue.
Classification by Location, they can be:
Mesiodens: Between maxillary central incisors.
Paramolar: Near 2nd and 3rd maxillary molars.
Distomolar: Behind the third molar.
Parapremolar: Additional roots or cusps in the premolar area.
Clinical Considerations and Treatment
Supernumerary teeth can delay eruption, cause crowding, malocclusion, diastema, and increase caries risk.
They should be extracted early to minimize problems.

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[@Prestonchetty]

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