Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Assessment, Diagnosis, Treatment, Predictor, Course & Outcome

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - Assessment, Diagnosis, Treatment, Course & Outcome
PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) is a mental health problem that some people develop after experiencing or witnessing a life-threatening event, like combat, a natural disaster, a car accident, or sexual assault. During this kind of event, you may not have any control over what's happening, and you may feel very afraid. Anyone who has gone through something like this can develop PTSD.
It's normal to have upsetting memories, feel on edge, or have trouble sleeping after a traumatic event (also called "trauma"). At first, it may be hard to do daily activities you are used to doing, like go to work, go to school, or spend time with people you care about. But most people start to feel better after a few weeks or months. For some people, PTSD symptoms may start later, or they may come and go over time.
DSM-5 Criteria for PTSD
All of the criteria are required for the diagnosis of PTSD. The following text summarizes the diagnostic criteria:
Criterion A (one required): The person was exposed to: death, threatened death, actual or threatened serious injury, or actual or threatened sexual violence, in the following way(s):
Direct exposure
Witnessing the trauma
Learning that a relative or close friend was exposed to a trauma
Indirect exposure to aversive details of the trauma, usually in the course of professional duties (e.g., first responders, medics)
Criterion B (one required): The traumatic event is persistently re-experienced, in the following way(s):
Unwanted upsetting memories
Nightmares
Flashbacks
Emotional distress after exposure to traumatic reminders
Physical reactivity after exposure to traumatic reminders
Criterion C (one required): Avoidance of trauma-related stimuli after the trauma, in the following way(s):
Trauma-related thoughts or feelings
Trauma-related reminders
Criterion D (two required): Negative thoughts or feelings that began or worsened after the trauma, in the following way(s):
Inability to recall key features of the trauma
Overly negative thoughts and assumptions about oneself or the world
Exaggerated blame of self or others for causing the trauma
Negative affect
Decreased interest in activities
Feeling isolated
Difficulty experiencing positive affect
Criterion E (two required): Trauma-related arousal and reactivity that began or worsened after the trauma, in the following way(s):
Irritability or aggression
Risky or destructive behavior
Hypervigilance
Heightened startle reaction
Difficulty concentrating
Difficulty sleeping
Criterion F (required): Symptoms last for more than 1 month.
Criterion G (required): Symptoms create distress or functional impairment (e.g., social, occupational).
Criterion H (required): Symptoms are not due to medication, substance use, or other illness.
Two specifications:
Dissociative Specification. In addition to meeting criteria for diagnosis, an individual experiences high levels of either of the following in reaction to trauma-related stimuli:
Depersonalization. Experience of being an outside observer of or detached from oneself (e.g., feeling as if "this is not happening to me" or one were in a dream).
Derealization. Experience of unreality, distance, or distortion (e.g., "things are not real").
Delayed Specification. Full diagnostic criteria are not met until at least six months after the trauma(s), although onset of symptoms may occur immediately.

[@shukkoorkv619]

Thank you so much for clarity dear sir

[@SureshBadaMath]

Welcome

[@manishakullu166]

Your videos are awesome sir

[@SureshBadaMath]

Thank you very much. Please do share for other beneficiaries

[@Fun_with_Pastels]

Very informative.🙏🙏

[@SureshBadaMath]

Thank you very much

[@maheshr1936]

Very well 👌

[@SureshBadaMath]

Thank you very much

[@elzabethmcarthur3154]

Absolutely agree with everything you've described, it is my lived experience and CBT truly was the best treatment for myself, EMDR wasn't very good, I certainly think it has it's merits and may now revisit it and try again, but when they tried it 8years ago it made me ill, I'm epileptic but it wasn't recognised until I started having witnessed tonic clonic seizures, 6 years ago and I broke bones in the process, but I had sycope my entire life and possibly went untreated for my entire life, there is definitely damage we know this now, sri's didn't work well, antipsychotics definitely not suitable for myself possibly because of my neuro type, my co occurring MH diagnoses when diagnosed with ptsd were OCD and bipolar 1, once started on depakote, massive improvement, then me and my therapists had a collaborative approach and she built trust first with and in me, I never had that with anyone else, I really opened up, logic works for me. She also recognised I was am autistic and that started the assessment processes, it took years, I implore everyone to do an autism assessment first, it will save a lot of trauma if you know what operating system you're working with. I have a high aces score, my father died when I was 2yo, and just being Autistic trying to navigate in a world that was volatile towards me no matter where I was, no safe space anywhere, everyone attacked me physically, family, teachers, nuns, peers, I became withdrawn in childhood, explosive in teens, then in adulthood avoident. Always screen for Autism first. Statistically Autists are high risk for PTSD and cPTSD. I'm just trying to give honest incite. Regards~ Actually Autistic

[@elzabethmcarthur3154]

I'm a bit triggered just now almost 50 day's since the latest natural disaster and I'm clearing out my house for repairs after a flood. This is me doing self CBT, logic works. Never use manipulation. Never all autists have some if not a full PDA profile and we will not trust you. Ty sorry for rant.

[@elzabethmcarthur3154]

I'm Scottish. We have a fantastic NHS here, unlike rUK. And we as a nation are extremely protective of our NHS.

[@anupamdebnath1884]

Though PTSD may seem to be less, C-PTSD in reality is not definitely less.

[@SureshBadaMath]

Possible but need to do a prevalence study in general population

[@vipendrabhatt5492]

Sir can a person have anxiety and depression ,OCD,altogether?,and even schizophrenia ?!

[@hemanginaik777]

Sir, you said in the above video, that PTSD is not diagnosed in India because of several factors. Do you think depression and anxiety are more easily diagnosed here but the real underlying symptoms are of PTSD , which remains un/ under diagnosed?

[@SureshBadaMath]

Yes, all possible reasons can be considered However, one need to do systematically scientific research to answer the question

[@hemanginaik777]

Yes Sir so true. Domestic violence, Child abuse cases are reported few and far between. No one even acknowledges adverse childhood experiences. Thankyou for your response.Can you please elaborate on Acute Stress Disorder and Adjustment Disorders (DSM 5) .Also your opinion on Dr. Seligmans Positive Psychology!

[@vipendrabhatt5492]

Sir can a person have anxiety and depression ,OCD,altogether?

[@SureshBadaMath]

Yes

[@elzabethmcarthur3154]

Yes

[@shrutijoshi553]

People are not accepting mental illness & health problems.. They are ready to live with mental issues . PTSD is also high in india ... People ignore & accept to compromise with healthy mental health

[@SureshBadaMath]

I comprehensively agree with your opinion

[@bridellgibson1605]

I think India needs to find their citizens that served in Iraq and Afghanistan or any war zone. Do a study to see if they have PTSD from what they have experienced.

[@SureshBadaMath]

Thank you very much for the suggestion However, there is an excellent article on PTSD - www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6620607/

[@shrutijoshi553]

I came across with raped , sexual accused women' & children. They are comfortable to live with issues & no complaints apparently may be due to inferiority complex , lack of social & family support . I met many raped women & orphan children , abused children . There is no voice for them .. They are scared of stigma . I am working on it

[@SureshBadaMath]

I appreciate your work and contribution towards the survivors

[@ashishmaurya229]

Amizing .psychiarty