Why The Docking Adapters On The Space Station Are Shaped Oddly

There are many docking systems on the International Space Station, reflecting the fact that it's the product of multiple space programs which combined their space station plans into the ISS. The history of the program has lead to some design choices which seem to be strange, until you look at them in the context of the whole program history.
In particular, I often get asked about the pressurized mating adapters at the front of the space station and how the tunnel includes a bend rather than simply going straight through, and of course it's all because of historical choices.
Some further reading on the docking and berthing hardware used on the ISS
ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/ca...

[@FuzzyToasterMeister]

Not even the ISS can avoid needing too many dongles.

[@voidhabit8438]

They are called adapters!

[@skyhiker9669]

FuzzyToasterMeister I know I wish I had more dongles.

[@livethefuture2492]

It's a 20 year old collaboration with multiple countries, what do you expect?

[@JimmyStiffFingers]

Dongle sounds lewd. UwU

[@watcherofwatchers]

So much Whoooosh! In this thread.

[@desert-rat145]

"that is because of legacy decisions, and it will take more than the occasional bumped head to justify changing out such a large chunk of hardware." Sounds like every meeting within IT

[@confuded]

More like meetings of IT with finance about budget.

[@jukahri]

@@S6R15 or just dreams

[@himaro101]

@@confuded I can confirm this

[@lonerider92]

More like IT explaining to the director of a company why we have to keep the current networking equipment in place because if we switched everything out all at once we'd have a massive downtime that would affect company production.

[@davidwuhrer6704]

@@lonerider92 So that is why everyone can get access to every company intranet. It would be too expensive to replace the Cisco routers.

[@johnpreisler6713]

The solution is to use oddly-shaped astronauts

[@adamswenson1093]

Finally, the perfect career for me!

[@mrpicky1868]

yah. this is actually a common approach in space and on land

[@sparetime2475]

Scoliosis time

[@printedprops8730]

Ah, Kerbals

[@mariasirona1622]

@@printedprops8730 the kerbals have L A R J heads, actually making bumping more likely

[@kevinzheng7373]

Damn, even INTEL doesn't have so many socket standards.

[@michaelscott1685]

AHAHAHAH

[@dosmastrify]

Oh contraire they are getting close

[@rpavlik1]

At least they don't have to flip the capsule 180 degrees three times in a row to get it to fit...

[@r0cketplumber]

Standards are like toothbrushes, everybody wants one but nobody wants someone else's.

[@aerojetrocketdyners-2538]

you haven't seen the screw standards.

[@reactorfour1682]

This makes me appreciate that the docking ports in KSP are simple, just align the spacecraft with the docking port you’re trying to dock to, move to it slowly and it will pull you to a successful dock. It’s never that simple in real life.

[@SpaceKebab]

and yet its still kinda difficult for your first time

[@reactorfour1682]

@@SpaceKebab it took me years to finally learn it.

[@SpaceKebab]

@@reactorfour1682 man i absolutely no lifed for 2 weeks and finally grasped it man it felt so rewarding ill tell you that

[@dsdy1205]

You may be interested to know that the new IDS docking ports are kind of like this - the docking ring with the petals that extends out from the main docking port can actually move over quite a large range of motion, so in the leadup to docking the docking ring will actually move towards the other one, and then pull both spacecraft together

[@mathematician237]

So what you’re saying is you can’t take two magnetic circles, smash them together, and magically transfer green beans through them?

[@mathematician237]

Someone hasn’t played Kerbal Space Program...

[@MattNeufy]

Mathematician23 well KSP wasn’t a thing when these were rolled out. By now everyone in any aerospace program has played KSP, passing human beans through these is the way of the future I’m sure of it ahaha

[@WWFYMN]

Yes

[@dataexpunged3914]

Green astronaut beans, without the space suit they would fit

[@jaggns5774]

you'd want to use electromagnets tho right?

[@dxkaiyuan4177]

Wow, the ISS requires almost as many adapters as the new MacBook

[@livethefuture2492]

Pete is never wrong Well maybe a little bit more...

[@Cammi_Rosalie]

@dxkaiyuan: Sorry if you see a random downvote (I don't know if YT notifications shows them) They put the "View Replies" button right next to the "Downvote" button, and I accidentally clicked downvote. I removed it though. Have an upvote just in case. ☺

[@davethefoxmage5797]

@@Cammi_Rosalie Okay, I feel better knowing I'm NOT the only one that accidentally does that! :-)

[@dxkaiyuan4177]

@@Cammi_Rosalie I don't think KZbin notifies, or even counts the downvotes. But thanks tho

[@kaydenlewis9246]

@@dxkaiyuan4177 it's called likes

[@TCV12]

*Doug bangs his head* Scott: "Oh damn, better start researching"

[@ShnizelInBag]

Doug sacrificed his forehead in the name of science

[@robertchandler2573]

Scott has a gift for clear speech and delivering lots of info quickly. I love how he gets right to the point and wastes none of our time.

[@sacr3]

Are you kidding me? I had to skip past a lot of nonsense just to get the answer as to why there's an asymmetry. He just kept talking about everything else other than the thing I wanted to fuking know

[@garyha2650]

Answer at 4:12: We don't know. But we can theorize. Maybe to provide better access to the shuttle payload area once docked, like to pull a big thing out of there. Another thought: Since there is a bump when they first meet, it can be oriented for the force to be a tad closer to the center of gravity to reduce rotation a bit, less need for jet firings to reduce induced rotation. I have to add that I find the precisely navigated collision of two weightless high mass objects at 17,000 miles an hour ... oddly satisfying: 2:43 I'll see myself out.

[@UnderscoreZeroLP]

@@sacr3 chill bro allow urself to be educated

[@precumming]

The video is 11 minutes long and could have been "it isn't confirmed but it is offset for the space shuttle to shift it rearward to give better access to the cargo bay" with the photo at 5:09. I disagree about delivering info quickly, but he does make an entertaining video which goes into lots of detail.

[@Spedley_2142]

Yes, I agree. The opposite of Isaac Arthur who drifts down rabbit holes so often and so far you forget what the point of the video was.

[@davidlabedz2046]

Scott, more interesting space history. Could one give more details on how the docking adapter functions??

[@austinholmes96]

Check out Simply Space. He has a great video on the International Docking Standard!

[@flxdg5989]

@@austinholmes96 i just wanted to recommend simply space, too He uses blender to show all kind of cool stuff

[@SimplySpace]

@@austinholmes96 Cheers

[@hl_scientist1964]

it keeps the space out of the station unless it is not space outside.

[@forton615]

@@hl_scientist1964 It works like a door

[@thelonelyrogue3727]

Does the possibility of the unused section coming into use mean that the ISS may need additional storage space added? Imagine, the first module added in years; a closet.

[@deathpony698]

that's basically the bigelow module right now

[@vaska00762]

@@deathpony698 I think the BEAM's mission time has been extended for that very reason... Russia is planning to launch its Nauka module.... some time.... and that should provide at least some extra storage space... hopefully.

[@nathanczaja]

@@vaska00762 Russia: Nauka will launch in 2021! Also Russia: maybe never ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

[@nanochase]

Outside of Bartolomeo, all the planned additions to the station will be for more storage

[@t65bx25]

Nakua is slowly joining the leagues of JWST and SLS.

[@greenetomphson6164]

gotta love how the two docking modules are "International" and "Russian"

[@icollectstories5702]

The Russians might use different terminology -- like "metric" and "Imperialist."😁

[@vonschlesien]

It goes back to the inherent asymmetry of the Cold War. The Eastern Bloc was the USSR plus its much smaller and less powerful satellites (eg China and the USSR could not coexist in the Bloc for long). The Western Bloc, by contrast, included large industrial states like Japan, France, the UK, and West Germany, which collectively had more people and money than the US for most of the period. So when the US planned Space Station Freedom, it included provision for major European and Japanese contributions, because they had large and sophisticated aerospace industries of their own; whereas the Soviet-planned Mir 2 was a purely Soviet project. Hence when merged, it was a merger of a national project with an international one.

[@fleshwere]

And the American Space Station. ASS.

[@unvergebeneid]

Also ironic because in the US, "international" tends to mean "non-American."

[@cookiemonster0626]

@@unvergebeneid haha so really it means non-american and Russian 😂

[@Ask4Tristan]

In the first renderings of the PMA (option 1 option 4 ~8:25 in your video), it seems apparent that the offset is to avoid the truss structure in both images. This now becomes grandfathered in, so on. Thanks yet again for a great video, Scott!

[@aevangel1]

"I'm Scott Manley; fly safe" *proceeds to bump head....*

[@icollectstories5702]

5:02 To my eyes, the kink allowed the windows on the top of the shuttle to view the docking adapter. "The two overhead windows ... provide rendezvous [and] docking ... viewing" from NASA's "Forward Fuselage and Crew Compartment Windows." Useful for people who mistrust cameras.

[@ericfermin8347]

Yep

[@KnightRanger38]

If I recall, the shuttle was manually piloted while docking using the overhead windows.

[@livethefuture2492]

I thought docking was automated?

[@slartybarfastb3648]

It also allowed the massive Shuttle payload bay to be unobstructed by station modules.

[@livethefuture2492]

They had the to manually dock the shuttle? Didn't the Soyuz have automated docking even though it was a older spacecraft.

[@dorbie]

The clearance issue makes sense going forward indefinitely. Any future vehicle could still potentially exploit the asymmetry to get more clearance in their chosen direction.

[@bradallen1832]

You prefer Space Shuttle's goofy J-turn instead of putting a docking port closer to the crew cabin that comes straight out and has no cargo interference?

[@dorbie]

@@bradallen1832 it’s just more clearance for a broader range of vehicles. I prefer whatever works. It’s counterintuitive but I understand why they did this. Emotionally I prefer the simpler straight corridor.

[@theelephantandtherider9536]

if there's one thing that i've learned lately from this channel, is that i dont want to learn how to design space stuff. but, this has come with drastically increased respect for people who just,,, do this stuff.

[@loganpe427]

How cool! Your comment is actually very nice, much respect, both ways right!

[@danisyx5804]

Engineering is an awesome job it's all about solving problems

[@5000mahmud]

Dani Syx so much math though

[@Mike-oz4cv]

@@danisyx5804 All jobs are all about solving problems, the problems are just different.

[@danisyx5804]

@@Mike-oz4cv Even a house framer uses lots of math there are even special calculators for construction The fun part about engineering is that you get to solve the problems and leave the hard work for somebody else unless of course you're a fabricator or work in a machine shop of some kind then of course you have to know about expansion rates and all kinds of stuff math is the language of the universe

[@SixDasher]

I thought the shape was to have a lower structural rigidity in case of a "crash" while docking, sort of a crush zone.

[@randomnickify]

Yeah, that was my first thought.

[@1988dgs]

I was thinking that, if it was straight it could transmit force to the station in the event of heavy docking

[@Greippi10]

It will transmit the force regardless, straight or bent. I don't think a crumple zone needs that, in fact I'd assume they'd want the crumple zone to be direct along the center line of the module so that it would absorb as much energy as possible before the shuttle flings around and smacks the side of the station. Having it offset would seem counter intuitive to that. Also having a crumple zone directing energy sideways might mean that the shuttle strikes the station end first instead side on, meaning more energy delivered to a single location instead of alongside the whole fuselage. Or perhaps it's designed to prevent that. But what do I know, I'm not as smart as the engineers who designed it, perhaps there is merit to the theory. It just doesn't seem very likely to me.

[@tbarcello]

@@Greippi10 yes. However, the outer radius is smaller than the inner radius, meaning the full force would be absorbed by the hatch. "Lowering" the outer radius this way insures the force absorbed by the inner circle ridge and transmitted to the rest of the module instead of pushing the inner hatch in and creating a possible breach.

[@JMurph2015]

Yeah I kinda doubt they designed for the case where a shuttle was moving with relative velocity fast enough to crush metal. If you are at that point, I'm pretty sure the shear stresses along the main axis of the station would snap the station like spaghetti or at the very least shear off the big solar arrays and radiators leaving the station out of power and overheating.

[@Storyteller543]

Airlocks in games: takes two seconds. Airlocks in reality: takes hours.

[@kacasio1]

Imagine if the Buran was still flying. I was able to see one in Speyer in the Technik. The Soviets had some amazing ingenuity.

[@slartybarfastb3648]

It flew once.

[@Yutani_Crayven]

They were so ingenious that they realized right away the flaws of the concept (economic & technical) and dropped it in favour of Soyuz for that reason almost right away. Meanwhile, the US went on to waste lives, time and money on the Shuttle.

[@OpenGL4ever]

@@Yutani_Crayven Well, not exactly. The reason why they dropped Buran and the rocket Energia was their lack of money. If money hadn't been the reason, they would at least have flown the Energia rocket.

[@slartybarfastb3648]

@@Yutani_Crayven We wouldn't have ISS without Shuttle. Or Hubble. Confront your bias because your bias is blatantly obvious.

[@somedude-lc5dy]

@@slartybarfastb3648 , if we didn't have the shuttle, we would have built a different style large rocket. it's now painfully obvious to everyone in rocket development that the shuttle design was a mistake. even those pursuing reusable upper stages are dramatically changing the architecture. we would have been better off developing a lower-cost version of the Saturn V.

[@Watchdogger]

I see this was downvoted by 1 guy who bumps his head a lot.

[@garyha2650]

:D

[@ikickss]

Probably a NFL hopeful who gave up football career to sign up for astronaut program.

[@Guru_1092]

As a tall person this offends me. Doorframes are scary man.

[@Cydonius1]

@@Guru_1092 Doors and corners, kid, doors and corners. (Investigator Miller)

[@luizfernando4497]

@@Guru_1092 true

[@laprepper]

The sheer amount of research you must do to put these videos together is quite impressive, I really love your content 😁😄

[@taiiat0]

this video: "space technology is actually an IT professionals' coldsweat nightmare of never ending adapter chaining". for the entire video i was internally screaming about adapter chaining. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

[@DanielLewycky]

Scott, it makes me so glad to hear you use the metric system in these videos.

[@DamianReloaded]

5:05 It does makes sense to think it's a design choice to maximize the shuttle's cargo area length.

[@Poldovico]

Oh my God Scott, it's 2020, you can't just ask space station docking ports why they aren't straight!

[@kayrosis5523]

Yes you can, because the answer is educational for the general public, encouraging more pro-offset sentiment.

[@jambalayajake8522]

Lol yeah they about to cancel Star Trek because the Klingons in the 1960s wore blackface

[@livethefuture2492]

Straight is more efficient, they will probably be phased out at some point with the addition of commercial modules and the new standards for the upcoming gateway station.

[@Kineth1]

You can't ask them why they aren't straight. But... You can ask them about their kinks!

[@a1001ku]

Oh come on, all the guys triggered by his comment, he is joking

[@SimplySpace]

Thanks Scott. I've been wondering this about the PMA for a while and the payload clearance issue seems pretty obvious now that you point it out. And well, if it ain't broken don't fix it!

[@chrissartain4430]

I really enjoy all your work, you really Dig Deep to find all you can on your subjects! Thanks, Scott

[@levin645]

Being a Automotive Mechanic, the offset angle appears to me a crash structure that will be sacrificed during a bad docking maneuver without transferring the impact loads directly in a linear path into the entire ISS structure.

[@tpseeker3367]

Does make sense. An aluminum can bent some is easier to crush without causing more damage to what it's attached to.

[@donjones4719]

Hey, if even I can dock successfully (using the SpaceX Dragon simulator), then it's a damn fine design.

[@WWFYMN]

I can

[@mattmon1421]

Thanks. Clear and informative as usual. Nice that you really dig down into the details and history.

[@danielfuller3040]

I've been wondering about that ever since I first saw the Docking Adapters. Thanks for this video.

[@ghostbirdofprey]

I notice in the depiction at 8:19 the shape of the docking adapter also allows for more clearance between the the Soyuz docked to the Zenith PMA and the truss.

[@korrdavl]

Always wanted to know this strange design!!

[@mauemahoo]

Mr. Manley, Your depth of knowledge, visuals, and ability to explain complex topics are always most impressive and much appreciated! Thank You for doing what you do! Please forgive me if you have already addressed this topic, but I would love to see a video or series of videos chronicling the building of the ISS from an international perspective. Just a thought... 🚀

[@shadowraith1]

That was interesting. Enjoyed the pics that included Shuttle. Miss her. Thanks for the lesson on docking ports.👍🚀🛰🚀👍

[@kmc7355]

It's interesting how similar some of this equipment is to what i use underwater as an ROV pilot/tech. RE:Docking rings and manipulators etc.

[@kmc7355]

@DANK When you factor in the ambient pressure at depth i would say it's every bit as dangerous too

[@filanfyretracker]

@@kmc7355 in that sense space is actually a lot safer, You only ever have to assure your habitable spaces can withstand 1atm difference between inside and outside. And Id suspect one has more seconds of survival in vacuum than they would in the depths if a seal pops and they have to book it to another section. I honestly feel this is also why we know more about our solar system than the bottom of the ocean, Its easier to make machines that can withstand the rigors of the cosmos than thousands of meters of water.

[@kmc7355]

@@filanfyretracker You are absolutely correct, which makes it such a fun career, just getting to see the varied wildlife is awesome. Oh and shipwrecks!

[@F22onblockland]

*Questions I've literally never asked myself* Scott Manley: Don't worry, I got an interesting answer.

[@giggleherz]

Depends on your point of view, speaking for myself I have always wanted to know.

[@Luke..luke..luke..]

Scott. Love how you cover the subjects that literally nobody else has even considered. ♥️

[@marksmith2448]

Thanks for your videos. Super interesting and informative. I like how after i watch one of your videos i come away feeling a little bit more knowledgeable than before. Keep up the good work.

[@therealchayd]

"Standards are great, there are so many to choose from!"

[@buckstarchaser2376]

The APAS is a significant upgrade over its predecessor. In testing, it was proven much more compatible with various types of equipment than the M0N-Ky-Bu77 docking port that it was developed from. On another note, the section that showed the shuttle's docking equipment in different locations has me curious about how the Center of Gravity was managed for the mission segment wherein the shuttle was expected to pretend to be an airplane. I expect at least one instance of them having to pile hammers and crapsacks on the dashboard, and everyone lean forward and extend their hands and feet... Just to make sure it doesn't swap heads and tails.

[@laprepper]

well it only needed to be a plane on the way down and not on the way up, so wouldn't it always have a similar center-of-gravity empty? or maybe the thing just flew like such a damn brick anyways and it did have fairly large control surfaces given the speed that it was going. but yes of course center of gravity vs. Center of lift is important for anything that flies, even the loose definition of flying that applies to the shuttle

[@MarvinCZ]

@@laprepper It still carried the docking port when it was empty.

[@JMurph2015]

I think it would be moreorless fine CoG wise. I'd imagine it wasn't super significant compared to the cabin area at the front and the engines at the back, and both positions appear to be well forward of the center of lift which would be close to the back with those big delta wings. So as long as the shuttle was able to fly without the docking adapter at all, it shouldn't change much.

[@NathanPK]

As I recall, the shuttle was designed to return hardware from orbit, and did so on at least one occasion. So the docking port may have been well-inside it’s CG limits.

[@thenasadude6878]

Considering the shuttle was essentially a sophisticated, winged, rigid heavy truck, surely there were procedures on how to fill the cargo bay. It might have even been a simple rule like fill from the back forward

[@dontbestupid6664]

Thank you for letting us know why in the first minute. It made me want to watch more. Hope the rest of your videos are like this.

[@h0dgep0dge]

I was JUST wondering about this! Thanks for the awesome video!

[@rianjohnsonruinedstarwars3806]

I work with a bunch of ex-shuttle techs and engineers. I will ask around today at work and see what I can get for an answer.

[@ronwesilen4536]

Just tell me too please!

[@BestHakase]

Did you get the data?

[@clonkex]

*cricket sounds*

[@Muamasow]

*cricket sounds intensify*

[@SuperWhygee]

Interesting. I always thought the reason was much simpler and aligned to orbital mechanics: by being at a slightly lower orbit/center of mass relative to the station, it would allow incoming/departing ships to freely chase without fuel toward/away from the dock.

[@peoplethesedaysberetarded]

Christ, I love your channel and you sharing your knowledge and information. Keep at it for as long as you’re able, Scott! :)

[@pseudotasuki]

That was a satisfactory answer to a question I've had for a long time. Thank you!

[@adent6x7]

cool to see it back in the Space Station Freedom proposals.

[@InventorZahran]

"I'm Scott Manley, dock safe!" *proceeds to bump head on docking port*

[@mushylog]

That's amazing, i was just wondering yesterday how the hatches/docking systems work on the ISS !! :D ty for the vid Scott !!

[@muratgurol446]

Awesome explanation. Reminds me of all the legacy design decisions I happen to encounter in my software development job.

[@jimmyzhao2673]

The must have used this type of adapter on the Death Star causing the storm trooper to bump his head.

[@freedomforall2486]

4:34 Bad theories on internet....nah none of those around! haha

[@thenasadude6878]

I've heard that the ISS is flat

[@mixingdude]

You ROCK Scott Manley! Thanks for sharing your knowledge with us.

[@bobberceli6874]

Scott. Very most interesting. Thanks so much for posting. Bob

[@thePronto]

"Would you like to come up to my space station and dock?" "Do you have one of those strange shaped pressurized mating adapters?" "Unfortunately, yes. It's a legacy of an old shuttle I used to dock with. Anyway, I'll try to make sure you don't bang your head on the way in."

[@zapfanzapfan]

The downside is that you can't fit a cargo rack through that opening like you can through the CBM.

[@afox7040]

Love the video, thank you for including the study!

[@nosferatu5]

The photos are absolute gorgeous, and the footage of the station at 10:00 is amazing.

[@TheArklyte]

Because first international adapter was made by two sides of Cold War in slightly rushed fashion with problematic communication between the teams and then it was accepted as standart?

[@huracan200173]

yes

[@slartybarfastb3648]

The wheels turn slowly in the globalist model.

[@carlwheezer3353]

Slartybarfast B ?

[@waiitwhaat]

Sounds about right

[@skunkjobb]

That doesn't explain why the adapter on the ISS is offset instead of coaxial. The first international adapter, the one for Apollo-Soyuz was straight, not offset.

[@buddyreynolds8036]

What I find interesting is the thumbnail shows a starliner docking which has never and probably will never happen.

[@codename1176]

Not at this rate

[@greyskull3363]

Great job! Very interesting information Scott.

[@christophergrove4876]

EXCELLENT DETECTIVE WORK, SCOTT!

[@memofromessex]

Wait until they move on USB-D, they'll need a whole new adapter!

[@anthonyhusiak]

Scott, can you please do us Canadians a proper service and refer to it as the Canadarm?! :D

[@giggleherz]

Especially since we were literally the only country that was able to design and build them.

[@harshthul]

Very well explained and detail information . Thank you 👍👍👍👍

[@dwilliams3572]

Interesting info about STS-74. This was my first space shuttle launch to see in person. Jim Halsell was the pilot on this mission and grew up in the same neighborhood as me. I had ordered mission patch shirts for this launch and I guess I overpaid because I had a personal check from Chris Hadfield. That would have been a cool souvenir to have today.

[@nagualdesign]

(6:00) Hell of a photograph. How was it taken? 😕

[@nagualdesign]

(9:52) Who recorded that!? 😮

[@armr6937]

@@nagualdesign I'd imagine a visiting Soyuz

[@coreytaylor447]

a couple different ways actually. a Soyze space craft approaching the station, a space walk using an untethered 'jet pack' that was used a few times with the shuttle, or just a normal space walk outside of the station

[@danieljensen2626]

@@coreytaylor447 Pretty far out for a space walk, my money would be on Soyuz.

[@RockhoundBlack]

@@danieljensen2626 I wonder what the furthest distance an untethered astronaut has been from the ISS or Space Shuttle?

[@AngelsRapture]

When the ISS is really aroused it straightens out and gets longer.

[@rc-pf1wq]

thats a valid reason

[@kyleking3839]

Read the Bible you unholy thing

[@masonmtb7]

@@kyleking3839 why are you so sensitive? Its a joke, get over it

[@loganpe427]

"I'm Scott Manley," _"And you're not!"_ Hahaha...rock on dude, I love your channel man! Great information, and you break down the techy stuff really well, thank you!

[@bbt305]

That was awesome! Your detail and information ℹ️ is extremely unique, and voice lol 😂 ! Thank you

[@andersonparra835]

" *which obviously increases the chances of banging your head* " Meanwhile dough hurley hitting his head whit the top 0:33

[@FleetZ]

I heard the Chinese shenzhou also uses IDA as the adapter for Tiangong, so technically it can dock ISS, is that true?

[@scottmanley]

Yep!

[@fcgHenden]

Not trying to be political but didn't China request to be a part of the ISS and was coldly rejected by the US? So now they're working on their own station. I forgot details. Video please Mr. Manley!! (Only if it fancies you of course). Good show, this one!

[@baldusi]

IDSS (the international standard), is kinda incomplete. It could most probably mechanically dock. But the whole approach and docking might be incompatible. Not to mention the electronic protocols once connected. And material compatibility, specially the seals, is ill defined. And we don't know how stictly have they adhered to the standard.

[@polygondwanaland8390]

@@baldusi So, like USB-C is technically physically compatible, but actually a bunch of wildly different incompatible standards that limit it's real use?

[@motofan16]

@@fcgHenden I think the US puts law in place preventing any interaction between NASA and China. In unlikely events perhaps something like movie Gravity can happen where you use a Shenzhou to take ISS astronauts back. Anyway everyone uses one standard is always good. (Not like EV manufacturers even in the same country)

[@ricardortega00]

It has been like years since i started my research for why the PMAs are like that and i never found out, then i just decided that i was going to wait for this video to come, Thank you Scott.

[@pilotwall]

I've always wondered why! Thank you!!!

[@baxterjohnson-ronald]

Everyone commenting before they could possibly have watched the entire video 🤣

[@thelonelyrogue3727]

I watch my videos at two or three times speed using external software. ; )

[@baxterjohnson-ronald]

@@thelonelyrogue3727 I hope there's external software that helps your ears process sentences at two or three times speed 😂

[@baxterjohnson-ronald]

@@grandelDR 🤣 This man speaks facts.

[@pentagramprime1585]

It's a hard road to walk when you want your comments to make sense.

[@nagualdesign]

I actually wrote this reply before you posted your comment! What am I like, eh? 😊

[@peterwmdavis]

Imagine designing a way to rescue astronauts stranded in a Space Shuttle that was unable to reenter...Good show, Burma/Soyuz

[@KlusaisUldis]

Ekhem .... Are You aware that on almost all Shuttle missions another Shuttle was prepared on rapid standby for rescue mission? That was big talk, when Atlantis last flew, because there was no rescue standby for her.

[@Valery0p5]

@@KlusaisUldis I think he is referring to the Columbia disaster

[@jshepard152]

@@KlusaisUldis That isn't remotely true.

[@petroleus]

Hey Scott, great video! You mentioned a study to use the Soyuz as a lifeboat for Freedom and it being the first rendering of this particular design. It looks to me like in that configuration, particularly in "Option 4", the offset gave some potentially much needed clearance between the Soyuz' and the truss structure. Is it possible that was the main reason for the offset? That either these plans were serious enough they ended up largely designing it at that point already and didn't want to spend the resource to revise for the shuttle later, or perhaps saw similar uses for the ISS?

[@BigC25586]

Great video Scott! Very interesting.

[@arnelilleseter4755]

A little bit unrelated question. In case of an emergency, how long will it take them to get into the capsule and undock?

[@KeepItReal2024]

Well what's the emergency?

[@thePronto]

And what if the emergency is a leak in the capsule? (Don't be ridiculous...that would never happen.)

[@arnelilleseter4755]

What kind of emergency is not important. My question is, how long will it take if they do it as quickly as possible?

[@remcoh5793]

That is one thing that they are intending to test with the Dragon this visit if they have the time. I believe the aim is to undock within 4minutes. I don't know if that's after boarding or hatch close or all in all.

[@stargazer7644]

3 minutes to get in the Soyuz and close the hatch. They actually practice this. Then the crew can undock and land completely independently with no help from the ground if necessary. 3.5 hours from getting in the spacecraft until touchdown in Kazakhstan.

[@danieljensen2626]

USSR: *Develops capability to rescue cosmonauts from orbit before Buran ever flys* NASA: Yeah right, like we'll ever need that...

[@jshepard152]

It'll be *fiiiiiiiiine*

[@ioresult]

Excellent research quality as always.

[@carlJansenstar]

I love your videos Scott. Thank you 👍

[@brianw612]

They built them starting from both ends and they mismatched due to a metric /imperial miscalculation.

[@rockspoon6528]

I sure hope none of the astronauts are OCD...

[@WALRUSFACELOL]

Still my favourite channel on KZbin.

[@Dave-ct1jk]

Hey Scott. I would love to see a video about the future plans for the ISS and any possible replacements

[@jshepard152]

0:40 Docking adapters traditionally have both a male and female component. This one is simply curved for her pleasure.

[@Justin.Franks]

3:40 Sort of looks like a Dalek.

[@yourmom1302]

Have you noticed that scifi often influences reality and vice versa. Like look at the amount of tech was shown in star trek that is now a real thing.

[@BurningTrapezoid]

Great Footage, that must have taken ages, finding all of those clips.

[@AP-pb6tc]

I just recently discovered your videos, and I was far too late... You have my subscription and thumbs up 😊

[@Vienna3080]

Me and the docking ports share a common feature: Were both not straight

[@nickandersen3725]

Me: looks at thumbnail: "the docking adapters on the ISS are not straight" Also me: OK so they are gay!!??🏳️‍🌈

[@woodywiest]

Thanks for the research Scott

[@davedaymont5454]

I've wondered about this for years! thanks

[@scubasky]

TLDR: He doesn’t know for sure why.

[@GTrainRx7]

Yep, bloody clickbait.

[@TheGreatSteve]

How long before the term "androgynous" offends somebody?

[@sofuckingannoying]

According to Boris Chertok' memoirs, they were going to call it "hermaphroditic", but thought it a bit unsavory and went ahead with a more neutral term "androgynous" from botany.

[@BugWarp]

Outstanding investigation, Scott!

[@robertmorgan9112]

You finally answered the question satisfactorily for me to give a logical answer to people who ask me why! A lot seem to think that it had to do with equalization of atmosphere and pressure because of a leak! No joke!