Taking X-rays Using Grandma's Radioactive Dishes

[@Zoms101]

1) Radiation self-sanitizes dishware 2) Keeps food warm 3) Add Geiger counter for DIY white noise machine

[@ErikPelyukhno]

@@Zoms101 it’s all positives, I can’t see any downside to using this dishware!

[@reknoht8562]

@@ErikPelyukhno downside: orange

[@kaijupants9095]

@@reknoht8562 I happen to like the color orange. You monster.

[@WinWin-pz9wq]

It also fills your room with radioactive radon gas in case you get bored of breathing regular air.

[@mgratk]

Another plus is that collectors love it, yet it it is still fairly affordable, at 20 dollars and often much less per piece.

[@thedachor]

Hi, industrial X-ray engineer here. The distinction in our industry (as we do live source radiography too) is like you said, the origin of the photon, x-rays are generated in the electron cloud through Bremsstrahlung whereas gamma rays originate in the nucleus.

[@StormsparkPegasus]

Plus, frequency still matters even beyond UV. X-rays are right past UV, where gamma rays are even higher frequency. I can't recall exactly what the cutoff is. At some point, the frequency is too high to be produced via bremsstrahlung and can only be produced in the nucleus.

[@sm1thers]

@@StormsparkPegasus as time has gone on higher energy X-rays have been produced. Likewise lower energy isotopes, so distinguishing by energy isnt really used now.

[@WhiskerBiscuit1]

So, am I correct in assuming that a lot of U238 just decayed, since Earth is apparently 4.5 billion years old?

[@rnts08]

​@@WhiskerBiscuit1the reason we have lead, yeah.

[@gerardmccalloe4049]

Bremsstrahlung or deexcitation of electrons from electronic cloud

[@dangerouscolors]

it is literally impossible to guess what the next thought emporium upload will entail

[@NoPegs]

Spiders.

[@EddieTheH]

Nah, it's easy to guess. Guessing correctly, however...

[@Tugatitatoxica69]

"Nuking my back yard to produce einsteinium"

[@anullhandle]

​@@EddieTheHKinda like applied science but more frequent postings and abusing yeast and bacteria DNA for s&g's thrown in.

[@sirrah9533]

But eventually it always collapses into a known and observable outcome. ♥️

[@FL0ra_favvn]

I love how this channel is a cooking channel purely by association. Chickens are used in cooking, is it cooked on this channel? no, it's mummified.... Plates are used in cooking , is it cooked on this channel? No, it's an x-ray machine....Potatoes are used in cooking , is it cooked on this channel? No, it's a camera....

[@OnlySlightyRadioactive]

"Instead, the American military wanted it so they could rapidly redecorate the Nevada desert ... and ... parts of Japan" is one heck of a line, haha.

[@JuneNafziger]

It’s a wonder how secret they managed to keep it given the stuff ‘left behind’, as it were. Like someone at that company had to have at least figured out they were making some kind of weapon, why else would they need so much uranium. I mean Kodak literally did figure it out but that’s for slightly different reasons.

[@Pugjamin]

@@JuneNafzigerunlikely, nuclear weapons weren’t a thing at the time, so wouldn’t have even been in the back of peoples minds. Only the very leading edge scientific community would be aware of the possibilities. To everybody else, uranium was just a cool thing that made bright colours and made stuff glow in the dark.

[@ValeBridges]

@@JuneNafziger Sci-fi author Cleve Cartmill wrote a short story in 1944 that detailed the production of an atomic bomb based on unclassified scientific research, and got visited by the FBI for it. Supposedly he even figured out that it was being developed in Los Alamos because a bunch of sci-fi magazine subscribers had changed their mailing address to there.

[@DrWatson28]

I think the Japan part goes too far

[@memetech-]

0:53 in case you were wondering, context makes it even better

[@Kombivar]

Awesome stuff! As always! I've had the coolest physics teacher and when the lockdown hit so we all were having a ZOOM time she used to tease us by having a tea in her Fiesta-ware set, we havent made anything of that as nobody knew what this nice orange mug is made of, but when we entered the radioactive physics chapter, she brought a "Geiger counter" or detector I should correct, and when drinking from her favourite mug, she caused the whole class to go white on our faces - for the whole time we were watching her drinking the tea from this radioactive monstrosity! She quickly explained, that as it is alpha source mainly, as long as the ceramics are in the mint condition and there is no chance for you to swallow the piece of it, then you are safe. All of us remember everything from that absorbed dose class that day. At the end of the year I promised to build her a miniature cloud chamber, she still brings it for her class, and guess where I've learned how to make one - I'll be forever thankful for your insights and knowledge. Happy 2025!

[@Reverend_Josh]

Honestly, I love that teacher.

[@LordHonkInc]

"Sorry honey, I lost my job at the dinnerware factory, they wanted to use our materials to make weapons of mass destruction."

[@SareBear2000]

Make America great again 🤡🤣

[@calebsavage4631]

If you tried to use the blue-sensitive film with the green-emitting cassette, that would explain why you were not getting any images. In terms of pigments like inks and dyes, green is made of yellow and blue, but when speaking of light green is a primary color (there is no blue in green light). X-ray film is primarily sensitive to visible light, which is why the intensifying screens are required (they absorb x-rays and emit photons of colored light). If you have green intensifying screens you would need green-sensitive film.

[@tjrage20]

I scrolled way too far to find this. That film is only sensitive to blue light and is mismatched with a green intensifying screen.

[@pdp11]

Not only that, but there is also reciprocity failure happening. X-ray film is designed for very short exposure. For long, lower intensity exposures sensitivity will be very low.

[@CriticalDepth]

I was also very intrigued by his use of a green x-ray screen and the HALF speed blue light sensitive x-ray film as well, it's a total mismatch.

[@Julianiolo]

24:49 Brother, I was not ready for him to just slap a frozen rat onto the table lol

[@creeper6530]

And a real one as well

[@petergerdes1094]

Or say he was a snake owner.

[@tissuepaper9962]

reptile owners...

[@endleontiozae7061]

Linguini is worth it

[@arran4285]

Somehow having a Pet Noodle just seem to fit the whole aesthetic of the channel

[@jan-Sopija]

17:25 it is a terrifying thing to hear a geiger counter sound like a tuning fork

[@AffectionateLocomotive]

the only thing that would be on mine mind then would be 'run run run run'

[@foogod4237]

That's not the "geiger counter" itself that you're hearing (i.e. you're not hearing the sound of individual particles being detected). Many radiation detectors can be set to sound an alarm when they detect radiation over a certain level (i.e. levels that are seriously dangerous to humans, etc). I'm pretty sure in that shot we're just hearing the speaker in the unit sounding an alert tone because the level is above it's programmed "danger" threshold.

[@adissentingopinion848]

Auditory equivalent of "Drop & Run" safety advice etched on Cobalt-60 radioactive source

[@kc9scott]

If you expose a geiger counter to enough radiation, it can go into saturation and you get inaccurate readings, lower than the actual amount of radiation. When I bought mine, I made sure it had a saturation indicator. Never thought I’d actually saturate it, though. A number of years later though, I had several PET scans done, and for a few hours after each scan, was able to saturate my geiger counter by holding it close to my body. I looked up the GMC-320 Plus shown in the video, and they say it has “anti-saturation circuitry,” but don’t mention if it specifically detects/indicates saturation. Most likely, foogod4237’s explanation of the alarm tone is correct.

[@BigOlSmellyFlashlight]

1620hz baby (that is, if it were the clicks which it wasnt)

[@pher2chris]

Seeing the whole cloud chamber condense all at once from the x-ray tube is legitimately terrifying.

[@JanicekTrnecka]

Its listed under the category of "GTFO ASAP" moments when in LAB.

[@Flesh_Wizard]

"the fog is coming"

[@SpydersByte]

that was some of the coolest cloud chamber footage Ive ever seen for sure

[@theplasmatron3306]

I think it looks awesome

[@WillN2Go1]

When I broke up with my partner 20 years ago I made sure to keep the pretty orange Fiestaware plate that made my eggs look so pretty. Thinking it would be nice to have a pair, I went looking for another one..... Wha?? Radioactive? My partner had assured me, "It's not one of the radioactive ones." Yikes. I'd eaten off of it at least four times a week for twenty years. This was also during the time I assiduously avoided eating the yolks because it was healthier.... As a science teacher, with a 1954 Sears (yep) Geiger counter, the plate was great for demonstrations. My 8th graders however, were far more interested in the four glowing vacuum tubes inside the Geiger counter. (I loved telling them that they have similar circuits in their phones. "But those tubes are too big." "Your phones each have billions of them inside...." ) So I emailed Theodore Gray who makes those terrific elements books. He reassured me that while it inadvisable to eat off the plate, I shouldn't worry too much that I'd done it. . We agreed the color was beautiful and unique, 'so don't throw it out, but don't store it next to your bed...' It's in a flat file on the other side of the room. He has a collection of examples of as many elements as he could get, so he's got lots of things that are radioactive. He also said that the heavy metal that would leach or shed off the plate was more of a danger than the radioactivity. Eating uranium is as dangerous as eating lead. To demonstrate this I could wipe my finger across the plate and the Geiger counter would register. Nothing can be seen on my finger tip. Love the cloud chamber part of the video. That's a bit more intense than I would've expected. One of the most amazing moments of my middle school years was when our 7th grade science teacher set up a cloud chamber and then used my Timex Watch with the radium dots on the hands and hours to demonstrate radioactivity. It's not only instructive and amazing, it's also profoundly beautiful. Terrific video.

[@steveanderson9290]

I love your cloud chamber! I retired from Argonne National Laboratory where we had a 12 foot cloud chamber filled with liquid hydrogen. A synchrotron would fire high energy particles into it. The chamber was surrounded by superconducting magnets to "bend" the paths to allow further characterization of the particles. That building (bldg 369) and others that housed other cloud chambers had extremely complex and powerful "purge" systems. Hydrogen detectors at the ceiling, 70 feet above, would automatically trigger the system which would then simultaneously open 6 overhead doors to the outside and energize 5 exhaust fans at the roof, 3 of which were powered by 150 horsepower, 3 phase, electric motors. The system was tested once yearly, and when triggered would generate multiple vortices (dust devils/tornados) that would race around the floor of the building. The exterior of the building was festooned with 4x8 foot brightly lighted signs warning people to get away when the system triggered. People took those signs seriously. The first week I worked there the co-worker that was training me said, "When those signs light up you will find out just how fast people can actually move!" It was a wonderful place to work for a geek, and I retired after 26 years. My Fiestaware collection is down to a single creamer. I had more, but over the years I traded them away to other goofballs for other "sources".. hehe.

[@astone_ua]

As someone born 60km from Chornobyl and having just played Stalker 2, hearing the word sarcophagus in the context of ionising radiation just tickles my brain the right way.

[@novaglitch6197]

Set the zone free, Skif

[@KayDat]

Are you sure that's not the radiation shooting through your skull?

[@astone_ua]

@@KayDat I’m sure, we always had detectors and I currently live closer to the author than to Chornobyl 😂

[@astone_ua]

Jokes aside, it’s no fun. My cousin was born a couple years after it happened, has an unfixable mutation that badly messed up his knee, DNA damage likely happened at the egg stage.

[@moimeme4840]

Slava Ukraini

[@savdebunnies]

This video has everything; radio photography, chicken mummy, danger noodle....

[@charliemopps4926]

I've a brain tumor (don't worry, it's not going to kill me any time soon) but as part of the panic of figuring out IF it was the kind that would kill me, I had to have a "nuclear scan" (or at least that's what the doctor referred to it as) where I had radioactive dye injected into my spinal column (my csf) and then they pointed a camera that could detect ionizing radiation at my head and spine and we could see the radioactive fluid LIVE on camera. That way they could see if there were act leaks in my csf or if the radioactive fluid was getting into other parts of my body or blood. They also put cotton swabs into my nose and mouth and then afterward they scanned the cotton for radiation to see if any of it leaked out. It's was fascinating seeing my brain in 3d live. Even better, at some point I had a CT scan while the fluid was still in my head and I swear to God, while the CT scan was on, I could see through my own eyelids. I seriously had x-Ray vision for a short period. I could see through the table I was on, I could see the X-ray emitters light up. According to a radiologist I mentioned it to later he said they've had other patients not the effect and his best guess was that it had something to do with cherenkov (sp?) radiation, but there was no real way to study the effect safely for obvious reasons.

[@Kepler3-b]

The things you saw we're blue? If yes it was Cherenkov radiation

[@HerbaMachina]

​@Kepler3-bspecifically a ghostly cyan blue.

[@Nosirrbro]

@Kepler3-bBlue could also come from radioactive particles activating neurons within his visual cortex rather than producing photons that he directly saw although that would probably take wayyyy more radiation than is possible here

[@rachicolate]

This sounds kinda similar to an effect many astronauts have reported-apparently most of them have noticed sporadic bright blue flashes, even with their eyes closed, while they’re in space. It’s theorized to be Cherenkov radiation produced by radioactive particles interacting with the vitreous humor in the eyes, but it also hasn’t really been tested for obvious reasons

[@DanglesViddyHole]

Cool! Good luck with the tumor, yo

[@deniskhafizov6827]

7:45 Actually, not exactly. X-rays are not just usually limited with the energy of around ~10⁵ eV, there is more to it. The radiation named X-rays is also 1. human made, 2. has a property to get absorbed by some materials to make it useful for something, like X-ray photography. It's not useful to shine high energy gamma rays on a person to make pictures of their bones or tissues because gamma rays are too penetrative to easily distinguish one from another. Although, gamma radiation can also be less than 10⁵ eV of energy, if a particular kind of nuclear decay or another process emits this kind of photons.

[@trueriver1950]

No, some X-rays are produced around stars. It's not the human factor that counts, it's whether the radiation comes from a nuclear/particle-physics interaction (gamma ray) or from rapid acceleration or deceleration of a charged particle that defines the difference. In X-ray binaries the acceleration comes from matter being gravitationally sucked across from one star to a more massive one, sometimes a black hole. Matter falling into a black hole can also release X-rays as it accelerate towards the event horizon (though not afterwards, of course). Astronomers and astrophysicists find it useful to distinguish between these X-rays and gamma rays (produced by nuclear reactions within stars) even when the energies are coincidentally similar. And the similarity with radiological usage is that in an X-ray tube it is the sudden stopping of electrons that generated the rays: a very different process to nuclear reactions.

[@cactilainen4301]

🤓

[@hunterdonwatts8156]

Hey, not to be that guy, but I'm going to be that guy. X-Rays: Generated in the electron field of an atom Gamma-Rays: Generated in the nucleus.

[@DoctyrEvil]

@@hunterdonwatts8156 Somebody had to do it. Thanks for giving the correct answer.

[@ClundXIII]

@@hunterdonwatts8156 while that is true, the original answer is also true. X-rays are limited by the power you use and are typically not higher than a few dozen keVs. (you can roughly assume that the voltage applied is equal to the maximum energy of the X-ray in eV) Since you are working with a few dozen kilovolts, the energy of the X-rays will also be around a few dozen keV (thousand electron Volts). Gamma rays are in the order of multiple MeV = Megaelectron Volts. 1 MeV = 1000 keV

[@auli5786]

Next video: proving that there is life after death using turmeric and hardware store chemicals

[@thepizzaguy8477]

i feel like that episode would just be lsd synthesis

[@jaydenrock_ian]

Building a hydron collider using an old broom and a hammer

[@AMan-xz7tx]

Building a digital computer using Paleolithic tech (ft. Primitive Technology)

[@Isurusish]

Nuclear fusion using plumbing supplies

[@Jengordyn]

i misread that as "life after using turmeric and hardware store chemicals"

[@scarletibis4458]

7:45 although they are both high energy photons, x-rays and gamma rays are *not* interchangeable. A gamma ray is produced via nuclear interactions or matter/anti-matter annihilations. An x-ray is produced by the deceleration of high energy charged particles, typically electrons. As a medical physicist, this distinction is actually important because both are used in radiation therapy. Gamma rays produced by Co-60 are/were used in teletherapy machines (not so much anymore in America but they’re still popular in places that don’t have super stable power supplies) as well as in modern Gamma-knife machines. X-rays are what are used in most radiation therapy machines in the US, which are linear accelerators (LINACS). Anyways, great video as always

[@blevin591]

I was going to make this comment, however, if you don't know what mechanism created it, a gamma ray photon and a high energy x-ray photon are gonna look indistinguishable. Of course, "being in the vault with the LINAC" does kind of narrow it down a lot. You can't miss the 10 ton machine in the room. It's funny how simple those cobalt machines are - LINACs are, of course, pretty involved. Also respect to Medical Physicists. I am a service engineer for medical LINACs so I work with a lot of medical physicists closely.

[@steelo_g]

I was actually going to come comment on this saying something similar, however my credentials aren’t as in depth in comparison as I am only an industrial radiographer. Nevertheless, I am educated enough to know there are distinctive properties and what they are between X-Ray and Gamma Particle radiation! The best way we describe it is X-Ray sources can be shut off, and are more directional. Whereas Gamma sources can never be shut off, only heavily shielded, are scattered emitting, and provide a bigger penetration depth.

[@mxskelly]

Part of my day job involves frequently x-raying electronics assemblies to check for solder quality, and it never gets old to be able to see inside of stuff. Seeing the plates clearly within a capacitor, seeing the coils inside of potted inductors/transformers, seeing the semiconductors inside of large diodes, it's so fun. We even sometimes use the x-ray machines to inspect wires that we suspect are broken from our other equipment to find where the fault is.

[@percivallavoie4415]

Ooo that's cool! I lowkey want to see that now 😂

[@ErikPelyukhno]

Do you have another x-ray machine to diagnose the other in case it ever breaks? 😅

[@mxskelly]

@@ErikPelyukhno haha, we do have three of the same xray machine, so theoretically yes

[@zinckensteel]

@@ErikPelyukhno That's why he's watching this video ;-)

[@anon-means-anon]

Being able to x-ray a wire harness to find a break would be awesome

[@leeterthanyou]

24:24 - fun fact about the raspberry pis: they're much more dense than things like arduinos because the rpi designers managed to sandwich entire WiFi and Bluetooth antennae in amongst the layers of the PCB!

[@angiogenolyte]

"accidentally demonstrating fundamental properties of physics" is probably something you do for fun at least once a week

[@ironfluoride8764]

It is worth noting that despite the daughter isotopes being highly radioactive, they will be present in tiny concentrations due to equilibrium such that their radioactivity alone no longer exceed uranium itself

[@gblikestosew]

Fiestaware is the forbidden fruit for vintage collectors. It's poison, but god. wouldn't a hot serving of chicken noodle soup go so hard in one of those bowls?

[@moth.monster]

Any soup you'd put in there would be hot for sure

[@HuheJass]

You could always opt for uranium infused glass bowl, still cool but without the lead and Much less likely to chip/leach into what you’re eating. (The glaze isn’t just uranium, but has a shockingly high lead content, which to me is way scarier than the uranium!)

[@AMan-xz7tx]

@@HuheJass True, you don't need very much Uranium at all to get the cool effects from it, but lead? If any amount is used it's probably going to be too much, the fact that it was used AT ALL for these kinds of applications is tragedy enough but it was used fucking EVERYWHERE, humanity as a whole is STILL recovering from the widespread use of leaded gasoline... unlike lead, uranium at least has the decency to kill you quicker and more obviously.

[@nikkiofthevalley]

Hot in more ways than one haha

[@unvergebeneid]

@@HuheJass lead glass is still a thing, so if that's something you're afraid of, watch out for that I guess!

[@CedroCron]

My brother's company is Lumafield and they specialize in colour CT scanners for looking through things for reverse engineering and for aerospace etc. inspection. I have told him about your channel and asked if he would reach out to you to see if maybe he can be an ear for you in-case you have questions about building your C.T. scanner and/or X-Ray questions in general. He is a Mechanical Engineer and did his PHD in engineering at MiT before starting Lumafield. Thanks for the great video. I look forward to exploring your channel as I've just stumbled across it.

[@Hailfire08]

There is still some distinction between X- and gamma rays; I'm in astro and the difference I'm aware of is in energy; X-rays are keV-type energies and gammas are MeV-type energies. (Which makes sense, since nuclear interactions - as in minerals - have MeV energies and the strongest reasonable electromagnetic interactions have keV energies)

[@crackedemerald4930]

yeah, you wouldn't want a gamma ray image of your body. It's not very useful for that. It's like saying a red wavelength is the same as a blue one because they're both visible and interact photoelectrically

[@tedarcher9120]

Gamma rays would produce x-rays when scattering though, no?

[@thethoughtemporium]

That's a definition, but the issue is the definitions aren't consistent. Some say "if it somes from an atom it's a gamma ray", but you get gammas with Kev energy. If you define it as the mev cutoff, then why does every gamma spectrometer start in the kev range? Without a clear and consistent definition, the cutoff is arbitrary and meaningless.

[@anteshell]

That sounds quite arbitrary and post-hoc reasoning to say that the _intensity_ of the radiation makes it different _type_ of radiation. It is equivalent of running a light bulb first with 50% intensity a then 100% intensity and claiming the light they produce is completely different type. But no, that's not quite how it works.

[@tedarcher9120]

@anteshell it's not, otherwise infrared is the same as gamma rays. X-rays are rays that can be produces in an electric tube

[@Jeffsharkcove]

This was interesting. I worked as a F/W Engineer at Bicron 20 some years ago until Thermo took over and sent it to Mexico. I still have a Surveyor M meter. I also worked at Philips Healthcare on a CT/PET scanner project (software). When that was finished, they shipped it all to Israel and shuttered the facility. Lots of interesting stuff they worked on.

[@Pureignition58]

0:15 Yeah.. so what? It keeps your meal warm while you eat it! 🤣🤣🤣

[@codetoil]

lol

[@MonkeyBoy0918]

The emojis ruined the joke in my opinion

[@LuminarZen]

​@@MonkeyBoy0918nah you ruined it more than the emojis for me

[@unvergebeneid]

@@MonkeyBoy0918 People emoji-laughing at their own jokes is an absolute pet peeve of mine.

[@FentForEnt]

how would it make it warm

[@aWildOcti]

FINALLY a good sponsor read, I'm so tired of the obviously fake and boring sponsor segments interrupting my video and I'm so happy to see someone actually integrate one into their content in a constructive way

[@Doc_Fartens]

"Pleased to report that (the mummy) tastes awful." Only on this channel would that be an expected sentence.

[@DocRigel]

Now I've got to go check out the mummy video I've been sitting on.

[@OnTheRiver66]

Wow! I learned so much from this video! I never knew a cloud chamber could show x/gamma rays. How come no one ever mentioned that? And concentrated uranium products get more radioactive as the daughter products develop. How come no one ever mentioned that? This is such a great video. Thank you!

[@muhdiversity7409]

Radioactive Grandma? This is the content I'm here for.

[@apathtrampledbydeer8446]

That's why grandmas are superheroes!!!

[@drewcagno]

Grandma got run over by a hydrogen bomb......

[@billcypher8563]

I managed to misread the title as ashes instead of dishes, and i was very confused about why his grandma was radioactive

[@Flesh_Wizard]

Sweet old radma

[@gsus3918]

26:35 One of reasons that your photos are blurry is that you have unfocused x-ray light hitting the paper. The light is not columnated, leading to you seeing things as if it were captured with an unfocused lens. Making a pinhole light emission source (think pinhole camera) will clean up a lot of this fuzzieness. That being said, this is more relevant for your x-ray tube as the plate does not give off much of the required x-ray light.

[@satanaz]

dude, your videos are insanely cool!!!!!!!!! it just doesn't stop getting better, minute after minute

[@PhillJennings]

Do you regret wasting this money yet

[@satanaz]

@@PhillJennings nope, I'm still glad to support these guys' work. but I regret reading your comment

[@MMAATTTT1100]

As someone who has a ~200KV X-Ray tube with a beryllium window on their desk, and works with designing X-Ray generators daily, this both terrified and amazed me. Bravo 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

[@ProtogenPilled]

I think the reason I literally cannot stop coming back to this channel is because the topics are so varied, and so amazingly interesting I have found VERY few channels that truly make me want to chase my mad scientist dreams and become a super villain such as this one Please for the love of god, stay evil

[@gartengeflugel924]

Really nice man, those visuals were amazing. I've never seen x-rays from an electronic source visualized like that in a cloud chamber; the sheer noise is insane. Same for the pained wailings of your detectors. Great video!

[@sensorer]

X-rays are gamma rays are not interchangable. It's an arbitrary distinction since it's all just EM radiation, but people use it. X-rays are less energetic and can come even from atomic transitions. Gamma is usually the name for radiation from nuclear transitions and are more energetic than X-rays. Generally, x-rays are gamma rays(under some definitions), but not all gamma rays are x-rays

[@tristan7216]

You tubers solving the healthcare cost crisis building their own CT scanners 🤣🤣🤣 Rock on dudes! Build an MRI next!

[@JD3Gamer]

I thought that the difference between x-rays and gamma rays was wavelength. Every EM chart I’ve seen has the waves after visible light listed in order of ultraviolet - x-rays - gamma rays. I’m confused by your statement.

[@Ivian1000]

If x-rays are the same as gamma rays then we might as well say the same thing about microwaves and radio waves, or uv-visible-IR light. They are all classified by wavelength/energy, even though they are all technically electromagnetic waves

[@Natibe_]

That's what I thought, too. But after thinking about it for a bit, I'm pretty sure he's right. Everything i can think of that purportedly produces X-rays, including the X-ray machines of the 60s, either are literally radioactive objects producing gamma radiation, or are producing higher energy rays than those gamma sources. So gamma radiation and x-rays must inhabit the same part of the EM spectrum. As for the historical side, that's definitely true. Gamma rays were discovered by a chemist studying rocks and X-rays by a physicist with vacuum tubes.

[@AccAkut1987]

You're right, and Thought Emporium is utterly confusingly wrong in this case. The cut off wavelength between both seems to be around 0.01 nm.

[@frostyelkk]

​@@Natibe_ I think all x-rays are a kind of gamma radiation, but not all gamma radiation is made of x-rays. Bad naming conventions are bad.

[@mrslinkydragon9910]

​@frostyelkk xrays are from electrons shifting energy levels and interacting with matter. An electron in a synclatron generates xrays, a SEM produces xrays ( backscatter spectroscopy amd EDX both analyse xrays produced from the interaction of the electrons in an SEM) Gamma rays are the result of nuclear decay of atoms

[@Eleni_E]

I've been learning electronics for my own job (repairing museum exhibits with whatever crap I can mine out of a pile of electronics scrap) and it genuinely worries me how often I found myself nodding along like you were doing something perfectly sane.

[@Kennephone]

Fun fact about the history of xrays. As early as 1896 people knew they could be dangerous, a while back I has reading "The Phonoscope", a magazee from the mid-late 1890s that's all about the phonograph and amusement machine industry, and in almost all of the issues there's blerbs about people getting "sunburned" from xray tubes, and the safest way to use them.

[@alexcarter8807]

A Crookes tube is scarily easy to make and last time I looked, there were tons of plans on Ebay. They don't require a hard vacuum or anything.

[@jackalopewright5343]

Once at a town history museum they had a shoe store x-ray machine. Apparently in the 1920s (?) it was a thing to stick your foot in this undoubtedly dangerous box to somehow help the shoe salesman get you better shoes. I was astounded.

[@SultanTabular]

Look up the story of the Radium Girls in the 1920s

[@d.jensen5153]

An old calcium tungstate screen and garden variety (bog standard?) Ilford paper delivered amazingly crisp images for me. Somewhere I have a collection of radiographs I took of calculators, shavers, ignition coils, a dead pigeon, and an electric blanket controller. Even the tiny coil springs that push the graphite brushes against the commutator strip on the shaver motor were as sharp as can be. Something was goofy with your setup. (The dead pigeon came from a property manager that has to shoot them periodically. Mine was freshly dead and in a ziplock bag. The hollow bones were fantastic!)

[@HiddenKaiser_]

I’ve been watching you since 50k subs and it makes me so happy to not see you guys struggle financially / motivation-wise. Always one of my favorite channels, everything you guys do is so cool.

[@eukaryon]

What an incredible amount of work for this project. Trying to build an xray tube, developing a power supply , taking xray photos over weeks long exposures. Each step had many trials, many failures before some success. It is just awesome.

[@kelly4187]

My only criticism is that, no, we absolutely cannot use "x ray" and "gamma ray" interchangeably, just like we cannot use "radio waves" and "microwaves", or "red light" and "blue light" interchangeably. The bands are pretty well defined by their properties.

[@toseltreps1101]

"it's all just photons man, chill out..." thanks for keeping up a higher standard. distinctions are vital!

[@DemocracyDiesInDarkness]

He does touch on where they are emitted from matters.

[@PendragonDaGreat]

@@DemocracyDiesInDarkness It's not just where they're emitted from, it's the wavelengths (or inversely frequency). Xrays go from 10 nanometer to 10 picometer wavelengths. Gamma starts at 10 picometer and is anything shorter than that.

[@IanBLacy]

@@PendragonDaGreatno, it’s entirely where they are from. Gamma rays are photons emitted from the nucleus. All other high-energy photons are x-rays

[@vaakdemandante8772]

Says who? I've always seen gamma rays as higher frequency than x-rays, just like blue light is higher frequency than red light.

[@dahahaka]

"At some point we just started x-ray-ing anything that we thought would even vaguely look cool" - Basically everyone who discovered x-rays

[@3xstr]

18:48 would be a cool double-slit experiment visualization

[@Bricc_]

Yesss, that's what I was gonna comment

[@Tomd4850]

Lead glass panes are available that are used in x-ray and CT rooms. It's on the expensive side, but could be used to help make your enclosure without obstructing the camera views.

[@TylerDollarhide]

I absolutely love collecting uranium glass from antique stores. Uranium glass is both much more common and much safer for use than fiesta ware (given that it won't produce dust if broken), and it looks cooler. Unfortunately, uranium glass often seems to be from the same manufacturer and the same style of very thick-walled wine glasses. But recently I was able to find a thin-walled regular drinking glass for only $10. I don't actually use them anymore, but back in college a few years ago, I would use a uranium glass wine glass every once in a while for a quick drink of water.

[@unvergebeneid]

I cannot express how frickin' cool the x-ray shadow picture is! When you showed it first without even commenting on it, I had to pause the video and stare at it for a good while. It's just so evocative!

[@milandavid7223]

22:35 I like how this angle gives perspective to the shadow, showing its 3D-ness

[@SomeMorganSomewhere]

FWIW, I'd suggest a good way to get a controllable 70kV source (at the cost of quite a bit more mass ;) ) would be chaining a couple of 35kV Neon Sign Transformers together in series (or smaller NSTs if you can't find the bigguns), keep the cases floating (no ground) because the output winding is usually center tapped to the case ground and feed them from a moderately sized variac to give output voltage control, and hence X-Ray energy control (you can feed both of them from the same variac as the primary of an NST is isolated from the secondary, at least IME maybe double check, can't think why you'd have a non-isolated primary though). You probably(?) don't care about rise time so you can just switch the mains input which will avoid all the frankensteining of the arc lighter.

[@IminyourwallsCTUSA]

9:03 it still is! Used to carry around an iridium, selenium, or cobalt x-ray camera. The thing uses uranium to shield from the gamma rays.

[@radioactivebirbchild]

I know the gamma rays are being blocked by the density of the uranium, but the first thing that popped into my head was "I used the radiation to block the radiation"

[@roriegilligan8134]

There's an old technique I read about in pre-1950s papers on uranium mineralogy called autoradiography. A sample of uranium ore is cut so that it has a nice flat surface and is attached to a photographic plate for a few days. When developed, the plate shows a mirror image of the veins of radioactive minerals in the ore sample. I've seen some of these images in old geology papers.

[@mgancarzjr]

1:06 _DON'T TOUCH THE BOATS_

[@sethswheelhouse]

I didn't expect a mandatory funday comment here...

[@jbeamer11tv]

_In whisper voice_ He touched the butt…

[@FloatingPointVar]

Never mess with America's boats

[@HiteshJetwaniTechtesh]

we build a switch for the switch.. yes that's the pure engineering jank I love

[@FROEZOEN]

25:24 FULL BRIDGE RECTIFIER SPOTTED

[@NeptuneSega]

Boom boom

[@foogod4237]

That's actually not a full bridge rectifier. It's a voltage multiplier. Different circuit, used for a different purpose. (but ElectroBOOM has played with voltage multipliers too)

[@mhdgs9944]

The flyback transformers you used, output dc, they have an internal diode stack in them to send out dc, that's why it didn't work with the multiplier

[@omerkaya545]

The rear Elements of some vintage camera lenses have radioactive thorium. You can also use old watches, they have radium.

[@nicholasneyhart396]

My dad was photography professor and insists that the thorium glass lenses produced a clearer picture.

[@Марк.Фетнов]

@@nicholasneyhart396I had both radioactive and normal variants of a Carl Zeiss Pancolar lens from 1960s. The hot one was definitely sharper.

[@alfepalfe]

​@@nicholasneyhart396yes, it was't added for shits and giggles, the thorium was added because it improved optical quality, and it did. We have better coatings nowadays but it was better than contemporary throium free alternatives. Also, it is not the radiation that makes them better, that's a side effect what, if anything, can make the coating degrade over the decades.

[@nicholasneyhart396]

@alfepalfe I don't think anyone thought that radiation was what made the thorium glass better, it was just that it had better optical properties.

[@nicholasneyhart396]

@Марк.Фетнов Yes, that is the exact model my dad has. He bought one in 1972 with his first camera.

[@TheGreatDrAsian]

5:22 The streaks literally make a 4 and a 7 on the left side when he says "24 / 7" 😱

[@charadremur333]

Beat me to it lol

[@Strobie_one]

A chemistry enthusiast from Australia was recently charged and now faces court due to importing a periodic table containing small samples of all possible elements. One of the samples was a cube containing an estimated 350 atoms of plutonium. Your next video should be a practical instructional to build a an open source desktop cyclotron, and link all the files. This way I can go to court to support this guy, carrying my own sample (A sample I didn’t import) as a way of protesting the absolute absurdity of this.

[@KurosakiYukigo]

Surely you wouldn't really be able to do much with 350 atoms of Plutonium, right? You wouldn't even be able to see it without an electron microscope.

[@Strobie_one]

@@KurosakiYukigo correct. I postulated that given the sample size, one could even break open the container and eat the contents if they wished, without any negative effect. Given that the distances between objects at this scale are so massive, and that activity depends on quantity. The chances of a single decay (and all children of that decay chain) having the exact trajectory and timing required to cause any non reversible generic ionisation event is astronomically low. Further more, I believe that anyone born after the 1970s has almost certainly bioaccumulated more Pu than this, and carries this inside them at all times, including when they cross borders on any flight. This is a result of decades of weapons testing and also notable historic reactor incidents, where by materials containing PU were released into the environment, eventually making their way to every corner of the earth, and ultimately into earths biosphere. Failing a diy cyclotron (because let’s be real for a second lol) my next best option is to take a handful of uranium rocks with me from the ground. These will be many orders of magnitude hotter, and contain a much higher mass of fissile material, which would also technically be considered a restricted nuclear material under the law.

[@nicholasneyhart396]

350 atoms? Are sure it wasn't like 350mg or something, because that is insane.

[@misham6547]

There are some Vinyl record anti static brushes that contain plutonium. I just find it weird that Australia is considered a top 5 democracy, when you can barely do any electrical work by yourself, a journalist got firebombed, a battery company is suing a small KZbinr for saying factual information and someone is getting sued for potentially importing some radioactive atoms

[@AxionSmurf]

Australia has been going back to its prison colony roots for some time now. It honestly wouldn't surprise me if they start screening people there for unapproved thoughts with fMRI.

[@doggonemess1]

0:44 This is an urban legend bordering on hyperbole. Tests have been done that show the amount of heavy metals leeching off the glaze is no more than you would expect from drinking from a lead crystal glass. The danger comes from when the plate is chipped or breaks. If you ingested a chip, that would be bad - you'd be getting lead along with the uranium, too, since lead was in all glazes and paints back then. Would I eat off of it? No, since there is always the possibility of damaged and consuming the glaze (like while cutting food) and also because these things are antiques that are irreplaceable. EDIT: Just a quick note, I love your videos, this is not me poo-pooing your content. There are just a lot of videos out there that get radiation and radioactive details wrong and I really wish people would stop doing it. EDITEDIT: And then you say the exact thing I was thinking at the beginning. :)

[@Reverend_Josh]

Also, while still low, acidic foods tend to leach more heavy metals from fiesta wear and leaded glass than non acidic foods.

[@JAB6322]

9:33 I like how you casually got a .50 BMG round as a paperweight for some reason 😆

[@anteshell]

Considering the topic of the video and the stuff these guys deal with, I wouldn't be surprised if it was an actual uranium tip round. Naturally, that would not be something to be disclosed in YT video as even owning those may constitute as a war crime.

[@simoncleret]

​@@anteshell Canadians committing war crimes? Sounds farfetched... Want some corned beef?

[@Abdega]

One of my teachers had a depleted uranium tank round as a paper weight Thing had some heft!

[@anteshell]

@@simoncleret I mean, in Canada it is a war crime if you shoot towards enemy with a bullet that you hadn't engraved with apologies, so it's not really that far fetched.

[@najlitarvan921]

@@anteshell if it is uranium ,it is probably depleted uranium

[@briancox2721]

When I worked in aerospace manufacturing, we had a film based radiography setup for NDT of weld joints. IIRC, when the film gets old, the sensitivity falls off in unpredictable ways. Often (always?) there was a sensitivity check artifact framed with the part being checked, so the x-ray tech could verify the validity of the shot by confirming known thicknesses of metal produced the correct brightness in the film after developing it.

[@GoldherzClevermax3]

25:00 aww, snake ❤ I really likem these cool and really cute animals :D

[@fluorone_red]

Well, saying gamma radiation for what is produced in X Ray tubes is incorrect after all) so, these terms are not interchangeble. X-rays are "braking" radiation, e.g. produced by slowing down electrons, while gamma "borns" in atomic nuclei decay)

[@UAPandFriends]

6:00 this stuff is absolutely fascinating!

[@emanuel3617]

22:22 even tho I always knew x-rays was just light I was yet to experience the "ah ha" moment, this image of a transparent shadow casted from a solid object, simply peak.

[@morningfox_]

My mom gave me one of these from my grandmas old set when I moved into my first apartment. Ended up eating off of it for a couple of years before realizing it. I cope by believing in radiation hormesis.

[@ChrisPVille]

You need a collimator for that x-ray tube. Part of the reason the images are kinda blurry (other than the low resolution of phosphorescent screens in general) is because the x-ray tube isn't a perfect point source and your items aren't infinitely flat on top of the phosphor. A collimator will massively reduce the amount of photons hitting the objects, but will get all the rays mostly parallel to take much less blurred images

[@theslowsloth646]

0:15 I mean, knowing how these plates are you can eat off of it. It’s just don’t break it if you break it then that will be a problem so I’ll eat food off of it.

[@gabrielpacheco3459]

I still wouldn't eat off these since they are the glazed uranium oxide ones and the glazing can (and will after repeated use) chip. The glass ones should be safe after a couple of uses.

[@miawgogo]

there are also papers talking about its ability to leech into fluid

[@holajza]

4:00 okay, phisics is cool and all but just look at that piece of plate, it looks soo magical. Very beautyfull

[@NotNitaNika]

You misspell "Beautiful"

[@wileecoyoti]

High voltage supply that can be taken apart: big zapper tennis racket. I use these for my cloud chamber and they're very easy to power externally. Awesome video as usual!

[@jaelwyn]

Never thought about that, but makes sense. Although I would guess that it still peaks out well below what they were needing here, which is above what even your average CRT anode uses (~50kv)

[@kstricl]

Suggestion: See if anyone that mixes concrete near you can supply Boron concrete. It might be a cheaper option to back the lead and bring levels down to acceptable, just have to cast them as bricks or something.

[@Astro_Aladfar]

6:32 That "Ick!" got me

[@ProtogenPilled]

As a fellow protogen I personally think radiation is very tasty and seasons my ram excellently

[@sebastian19745]

If I remember correctly, Henry Becquerel discovered the uranium radioactive properties because he put some uranium salts near the photographic plates (the ones made of glass covered with AgNO3). Maybe instead of using the special XRay sensitive film, an older tech B&W photo film can be used? Or a glass sheet covered with AgNO3? And yes, the exposure with that old tech would be quite long.

[@ksp6091]

I don't remember X-rays and Gamma rays to be the same thing : X-rays are mainly produced from high energy plasma through Bremsstrahlung. The energies involved are at most 100keV. Gamma rays on the other hand are emitted by transformations in the nucleus level at energies at the MeV range

[@LutzSchafer]

High speed electrons are not plasma captain. Usually the vacuum in xray tubes is very good.

[@Genshiryoku_Gaming]

i just know that x-rays are a lower frequency range while gamma rays are higher

[@Spectre4490]

Americium 241 have energy pick at 24 and 55 keV

[@Ryrzard]

@@Genshiryoku_Gaming Usually. But that's not an actual rule. Some nuclear events produce gamma rays below 100 keV while x rays can be produced even at the MeV level.

[@Super1337357]

You should try adjusting the voltage on the x ray tube to see if that makes different materials appear or disappear in pictures

[@doyg2954]

3:57 forbidden salmon

[@Sieben_the_elite_octo]

So that’s what the salmonids are! /ref

[@Tryh4rd3rr]

yummy salmon

[@azuredragonofnether5433]

8:33 Perfect physics joke with a British comedy film! XD

[@Gunbudder]

i've never heard someone argue that gamma rays and x rays are interchangeable. i was always told that gamma rays are higher energy and penetrate deeper than x rays (and thus require more shielding). for example, you wouldn't use a gamma ray source to image someone if you could avoid it because you are risking more ionization.

[@FlashMan16NG]

I genuinely would eat a dinner served to me on that plate, and I've seen enough videos discussing how objects from that time were coated in radioactive materal for one reason or another (colour) to recognize the "hot" plate immediately. Of course, I'd be using my cutlery very carefully and probably won't want to eat off it AGAIN, but to see it "in use" just once in person would be neat.

[@UNICORN69HO]

Cool, try a parachute jump once too, sans parachute.

[@Reverend_Josh]

Iirc the bigger issue with uranium fiestaware isn't the radioactivity but the risk of heavy metal poisoning from the uranium. Dont eat anything acidic on Fiestaware (which can leach uranium into food) and ceramics tend to be strong enough that as long as you aren't using excessive force to eat your food, you dont need to worry too much about damaging the fiestaware)

[@McSlobo]

About 10-15 years ago it was reported you could get enough x-rays for a picture from adhesive tape rolls when pulling out the tape vigorously enough. Apparently there's some fast moving electrons when you rip the tape off from its base. Maybe worth testing?

[@maxwfk]

16:52 wait a second… you can just unscrew the small screw on the bottom, push the switch to the on position and pry the small plastic piece from the switch out with a screwdriver. Then you can slide the whole electronics out of the case. I literally just did that this week with a model that looks exactly like the lighters you’re using for a different project. After that you can just solder extension leads to the push button.

[@RobertJarecki]

A few decades ago, I read that a team of electronics enthusiasts found and restored an early X-ray machine (1910s? , 1920s). It was tested and found to produce a lot more X-rays than the safe limit 20 or 30 years ago (10 or 100 times more, I forget). So, all this home fabrication could be avoided just by tracking down an antique X-ray machine. Be careful though, it will probably have a pre-polarized, ungrounded plug and need a high amp circuit.

[@snozzmcberry2366]

THANK YOU for explaining that new geiger counter tech. That's SO COOL I love it.

[@Scott-s9u3n]

We used a Carnival plate to take a radiograph in high school back in the '70s....a sheet of Tri-X pan film in a black envelope, a key, and the plate. It was a week or so exposure time, but you got a " shadow" of the key... Uranium oxide gave it the orange color, I think...

[@henriquelausch6999]

I CAN'T BELIVE YOU DIDN'T FIRED X RAYS THROUGH TWO SLITSSSSSSAA

[@blackdragonxtra]

I love how you ended x-raying everything you could think of, like scientists did in the early 1900s, just without holding the things you were photographing

[@maucazalv903]

22:40 looks like the cover of an album

[@sinformant]

I worked at a fabrication shop that made huge thick wall pressure rated vessels and skids of piping for chemical/petroleum refineries. There was a company that came in (same two guys everytime) that would do X-rays of the weld seams and they had a thick metal container with a shutter Iris on both sides that contained a pellet of a radioactive element. They would hook up a special tube that ran from it into the vessel/tank or piping and the other end had a long tube like cord with a reel on it that they would turn to open the Iris and push the pellet through the tube and into the thing being x-rayed. Before hand they would strap film over all the welds/ sections that needed to be x-rayed. I talked to them a few times. There was one element that they used for very thick wall vessels that was so radioactive they would have to have a whole block radius of the area closed down by the police before they could use it.

[@DonJuanEstevan]

I was a radiographer and did those kinds of shots on the exact same kind of equipment your old shop built. Those were called a panoramic radiograph. They took forever setting up with all the lead letters and pentrameters on big vessels or pipes but made up for it in exposure time and only needing to crank in and out once. This worked by cutting the distance in half from source to film and only shooting through one wall. The other source you’re talking about is cobalt 60. That stuff packs a punch and can be used on steel up to 18 inches thick or 40 inches of concrete. The cameras for those weigh 600-700 pounds while the handheld cameras for Iridium 192 weigh only about 70 pounds.

[@sinformant]

@DonJuanEstevan awesome! Thanks for the information! I wanted to say the really crazy radioactive one was cobalt something, but for some reason it didn't sound right in my head. We built vessels and huge towers, both carbon steel and stainless steel most of which were 2"-6" wall thickness. It was a super hard and shitty job that I thank got I don't do anymore.

[@metgath]

The main threat of fiestaware is if the dish is damaged. At that point it can deposit particles into the food.

[@ChickenNuggetManOnTheMoon]

Please try using polyurethane plastic as an insulation material for the shell plastic surrounding the X-ray tube it's a super good insulation material

[@josephvanas6352]

X-Rays and Gamma rays are both high energy photons but the difference is from where they originate. X-Rays are from the electron cloud and Gamma rays are from the Nucleus. Now Academically they are not the same thing and you will really piss off your co-worker who is a Health Physicist by saying that they are the same (speaking from experience). Practically from a detection and interaction standpoint they are both high energy photons and their interactions with matter are the same and are driven by the energy of the photon not from where it originated. Its like saying the Atlantic and Pacific oceans are the same thing. From a practical standpoint they are both large saline bodies of water and there is some overlap between them. Boat designs don't need to be optimized or specialized for either ocean within reason. Academically they are not the same thing because they are in different locations.

[@S0dif]

i thought x-rays had longer wavelengths than gamma rays. like how visible light has longer wavelengths than ultraviolet. visible light is not the same thing as ultraviolet light. so im confused as to why people keep saying gamma rays and x-rays the same thing. x-rays have wavelengths around 10^-10 meters, while gamma rays have wavelengths around 10^-12 meters. thats what i was taught in school.

[@IanBLacy]

@@S0difX-rays are photons higher than a certain energy. Gamma rays are photons emitted from the nucleus. It so happens that the weakest gamma rays are well beyond the threshold for photons to be called x-rays, and it’s rare (but not unheard of) for x-rays to be in the energy levels of typical γ-rays, so people often, technically incorrectly, treat them as simply different energy categories of regular old light

[@foogod4237]

That doesn't make them different things, it just makes them _the same thing that comes from different sources._ Your ocean example is a bit flawed, too. It's more like claiming "that stuff comes out of wells in the ground isn't actually water, because water can only come from rain, not from the ground". We don't categorize EM radiation (or any other elementary particles) based on its source, we do it based on its physical properties (i.e. wavelength). If two photons have the same energy level, they are fundamentally indistinguishable from each other, and therefore they are the same kind of radiation. It doesn't matter how they were produced. (Also, what about, for example, high-energy photons produced by the event horizon of a black hole, or high-energy collisions in a supercollider? Those don't come from either "the electron cloud" or from "the nucleus". Are those also some new forms of radiation that should have yet different names?) Originally, way back when, X-Rays and gamma rays were based on the source, because people didn't know any better. In modern science, they are generally not distinguished from each other, or are distinguished based on wavelength. Most people do consider there to arguably be a difference (X-rays are lower energy, and gamma rays are higher energy), but the dividing point is not well defined, and different people have different ideas of where it should be. However, for most practical purposes, it doesn't matter that much, so nobody's worked that hard to try to standardize it, that's all.

[@IanBLacy]

@ They are different phenomena, but not different *things* I’m not saying they’re substantively, measurably different. They’re both EM waves, they just originate at different places (information which is meaningful to humans, but not to the physics of the wave) To be clear, High-energy photons in supercolliders are gamma rays if they from from the nucleus relaxing, and are X-rays if they come from anything else. However, people will **colloquially** refer to X-rays above a certain energy (with an ill-defined cutoff) as gamma rays, despite it not being technically accurate

[@josephvanas6352]

@@IanBLacy best explanation I have heard of how they are different and that includes a couple actual health physicists.

[@TrueReal-de6ee]

X-rays and gamma rays have different wavelengths and carry different levels of energy per unit time. They get their name because of their DIFFERENT wavelengths, and not from where they're emitted. Just because they're both forms of electromagnetic radiation, doesn't mean they're the same thing. That's why we have different names for different kinds of fish. they are all fish, but yet there are different species because humans found it useful to differentiate between the deadly ones and the ones you can be around everyday, if you wanted to.

[@wolfyfitzpatrick5480]

Linguine is now my favourite noodly boi 25:11

[@grandobsidian]

The source of a photon absolutely matters. X-ray machines excite electrons which is a repeatable process and dependent on an electric current while you are using a decaying source that will lose intensity over time.

[@thomasc.s.8175]

Small correction: X-Ray gas wavelength between 1 nanometer and 10 picometer And Gammaray has a wavelength between 10 picometer and 100 femtometer Thus Grammarays and X-rays are NOT the same (Gammarays are a lot more powerful)

[@noelvalenzarro]

In reality they have an overlap in their energies. All the x-ray and gamma terms mean is one comes from the electron and the other from the nucleus. Gamma rays from the nucleus are generally higher energy.

[@thomasc.s.8175]

There are different sources denoting that they are separate but yes there are also ones saying the hard X-ray goes up to 1 picometer and those also say that the soft X-rays go up to "several 10nm" (XAFS Analysis and Applications to Carbons and Catalysts, Hiromi Yamashita)

[@Ryrzard]

@@thomasc.s.8175 Many nuclear events produce gamma rays that are less energetic than x rays produced by a CT scan. There are no wavelength limits for either of them.

[@thomasc.s.8175]

@@Ryrzard please cite at least some source for your claim, as to continue a productive and constructive discussion

[@Ryrzard]

@@thomasc.s.8175 For example Cobalt 62 isomer may release something like 20 keV of energy through either a gamma ray or an electron. A dental x-ray blows that out of the water.

[@rustkitty]

To make things more confusing, in some parts of the world they say Röntgen rays instead of x-rays (sometimes spelled roentgen but that's incorrect), named after Wilhelm Röntgen who got a Nobel prize for detecting the rays and producing them with vacuum tubes.

[@QazCetelic]

I really appreciate the explaination at 4:39 I didn't know beta particles were electrons