Q&A Mini-Course (A1): "Analyses of Extreme Space Weather Events in the 20th Century and Beyond"

[@jeev4divine]

Indications of a great teacher is how well the student understands. I am actually understanding by your skillful method of instruction! Thank you my new space weather guru.

[@jefflowe8803]

I'm a patreon now, thank you for your efforts your helping me understand alot

[@jefflowe8803]

Very informative and I cant tell you how much I appreciate this video!!!

[@k.howard5927]

Great video. Very much appreciate the work and content. 🎉

[@kathrynkiffmann7833]

Thx Dr. Skov. This was wonderful. It’s great to see scholars like you educating us after years of our feed being inundated with social media fear porn and pseudoscience. Some of them know just enough-even post peer reviewed research papers to suck us in. When I started finding those papers and spending time reading them, red flags were flying. I always wanted to learn about the Sun! Thank you for offering your free courses. PS You rock!

[@DeepScience789]

Wow I learned a lot..I will watch more of your shows.🎉

[@davidniemi4051]

Thank you for the bit about being thoughtful when speaking. As an engineer working with other scientist we all choose our words carefully to ensure that we say things correctly to ensure proper understanding of things. One seemingly minor misunderstanding can quickly multiply to major misunderstanding which takes a long time to correct.

[@susankovacs8678]

Thank you for clearing up the Carrington class events, for me. You are fairly easy to follow for this amateur. I am a big fan!

[@matthewkashnig3061]

I feel so relieved btw. Last 20 years I have been posting my fears about solar space weather to raise awareness on FB like a smucvh and a putz but after watching this I feel so much better. No more ❤

[@scottgreen7973]

I just found you recently, and looking forward to working through the mini-course. I'm an academic forest ecologist fluent in the "climate-change" conversation. About 7-8 years ago I started to come across studies drawing correlations between solar activity and climate, which really surprised me as I had always assumed that the earth's climate was a "closed" system that could be "managed". It's become clear to me that this important science remains largely outside current academic thinking.

[@JupiterRising3607]

I'm a couple of months late to this but completely loved this. Thank you. 🙏🏼💞🇦🇺🌏

[@ivebeenthere2115]

You are a wealth of information. I thank you. Am new. Second video I have watched. Bless you ❤

[@WildAlchemicalSpirit]

The Best in the West, Space Weather Woman! 💝🌞💝

[@gth042]

Thank you for sharing these! Not the focus of the presentation, of course, but the 'rant' about 23 & 24 sure makes a fun clip. 1:32:50 plus a little back for buildup.

[@daverobert7927]

Big thumbs UP

[@calvinhobbes7504]

Dear Dr. Skov ... thank you for another (they're all) great presentation. I am a beginner in terms of space weather study though I've been a ham for 40+ years. Thanks for making things in this world understandable. I totally enjoyed this mini-course very much! :)

[@VE6XTC]

Armageddon tired of space weather panics. Thanks, Tamitha, for setting the record straight. I also plan on buying a Samsung Galaxy and I hope it has a screen reader for me to hear the choices in menus. I truly did enjoy this course and I actually have a question. Just how does a solar flare change the magnetic field of the earth? I know it gets the ionosphere saturated but how does that flair change the magnetic field? Expiring minds need to know.

[@Antique803]

You are the best! Thanks for zeroing in on this topic. Lots of mumbo jumbo out there.

[@AdamEbelgccengineering]

Thanks for showing such a great course about the Carrington Event. I hope to hear you on the QSO Radio Show on WRMI Legends in the future. Space Weather needs to be part of our regular weather forecasts especially the ones who deal with electronics technology and communications and power distribution.

[@jungleghostsurvival]

GREAT VIDEO!!!

[@edholden3930]

This upcoming weather is a blessing in disguise. The Earth needs this long prophised renewal

[@metalhalokj7vzy164]

Thank you, Dr. Tamitha Skov, for the Q&A Mini-Course. I always learn so much from your courses and I'm looking forward to watching and participating more of them in the future. Oh! the "-AE" after my callsign indicates I'm an Amateur Extra now as of 5-19-23 Friday evening. I'm so excited about that. till next time😎

[@ReefandDive]

This was incredibly insightful

[@goldMarie6]

thank you so much, you are brilliant✨

[@jeev4divine]

Thanks Dr T, watched live yesterday but came in late. So glad to get facts on the Carrington Event. The projectile pus analogy had even a lay person like me to understand cme dynamics! So glad to exit from the fear factor channels now! 🌠💖

[@petercoggins9032]

Very good, I learned so much🏖️

[@mikecrisafulli8970]

I remember the 1989 event and seeing Aurora overhead around midnight in the Chicago suburbs. Pretty impressive.

[@oraciosanchez6984]

This is a great channel, fact based, none woke, and very informative, makes watching the sun and learning from your channel very sound. Does the solar flares get absorbed by the north and south pole and cause earthquakes? There's a guy on you tube that coorilates flares with earthquakes? Is there any validity in that?

[@charlesbrightman4237]

QUESTIONS: With the Earth's magnetic poles moving, and the cusp of energy interactions move along with those poles, wouldn't that also change the flow of energy through the Earth's surface? Wouldn't that also affect the ionosphere in and around those cusp areas? And what happens to the ring currents and Van Allen Belt areas when the magnetic poles for the Earth move about?

[@CraftySasquatch]

I get the feeling this lady doesn't want to take on Ben Davidson and his micro nova hypothesis? It's like she is on the side of old science that hasn't and will not evolve with the new evidence for the obvious reasons. Can you imagine if main stream science said yes a micro nova is due around 2035 to 2045. World chaos would ensue for sure. Our world of rainbows and butterflies is about to end and science proves this fact as no point in earths history has rainbows and butterflies lasted for very long. #ScientificFACT

[@NorthAmericanArtProductsllc]

Kinda had a giggle that you did this talk, great minds. I was just putting together a very basic aurora hunting class and just pulling out research on different storms through out history to figure out which ones I wanted to talk about You really should talk about Sept 18, 1941, Playoff Storm, and Feb 24,1956 Acheron Submarine Storm. Both have rather amusing stories of radio signal mix-ups that are a hoot. although I am sure the person in the playoff storm never lived it down. Nov18 1882 Transit of Venus Storm I am pretty sure has an account of "Steve" before it was Steve. Several storms mention Blood red auroras that were so fiery that people thought whole cities were on fire. Great segway for discussing interacting molecules and the different altitudes at which different colors of auroras tend to happen at.

[@heidijungovic4762]

Watching for the 2nd time!!

[@JaydenShanks-h7d]

Cool like space weather

[@jungleghostsurvival]

Your GOD SENT!!!

[@LawpickingLocksmith]

Thanks Doc.

[@lesliegannon2758]

For someone with no knowledge about this subject what are you first basic lessons for a beginner? Thank you

[@jamesbeemer7855]

Reading the list at the thumbnail , there hasn’t been an event that serious in at least a century . So I don’t think it will happen . But that event HAS happened in the past , I’m sure . I’ve just been fortunate enough to stay out of the way .

[@charlesbrightman4237]

QUESTION: With 'Table VIII' in the video (space weather activities) shouldn't that also reference where the Earth's magnetic poles were at the time as well as what the Earth's magnetic field strength was at that specific time? Seems like those items would be pertinent to know, especially the Earth's magnetic field strength at that specific time.

[@charlesbrightman4237]

QUESTIONS: Wasn't the Earth's magnetic field stronger back then? With a weaker Earth's magnetic field, wouldn't the same basic storm back then possibly do more today due to Earth's weaker magnetic field?

[@matthewkashnig3061]

So much we don't know. I really wouldn't worry.

[@matthewkashnig3061]

Plus good luck trying to smarten the power grid😂😂

[@charlesbrightman4237]

@@matthewkashnig3061 As far as so much we do not know, consider this item from my files: IN THE INTEREST OF FINDING THE THEORY OF EVERYTHING: SOME THINGS MODERN SCIENCE DOES NOT APPARENTLY KNOW: Consider the following: a. Numbers: Modern science does not even know how numbers and certain mathematical constants exist for math to do what math does. (And nobody as of yet has been able to show me how numbers and certain mathematical constants can come from the Standard Model Of Particle Physics). b. Space: Modern science does not even know what 'space' actually is nor how it could actually warp and expand. c. Time: Modern science does not even know what 'time' actually is nor how it could actually warp and vary. d. Gravity: Modern science does not even know what 'gravity' actually is nor how gravity actually does what it appears to do. And for those who claim that 'gravity' is matter warping the fabric of spacetime, see 'b' and 'c' above. e. Speed of Light: 'Speed', distance divided by time, distance being two points in space with space between those two points. But yet, here again, modern science does not even know what space and time actually are that makes up 'speed' and they also claim that space can warp and expand and time can warp and vary, so how could they truly know even what the speed of light actually is that they utilize in many of the formulas? Speed of light should also warp, expand and vary depending upon what space and time it was in. And if the speed of light can warp, expand and vary in space and time, how then do far away astronomical observations actually work that are based upon light and the speed of light that could warp, expand and vary in actual reality? f. Photons: A photon swirls with the 'e' and 'm' energy fields 90 degrees to each other. A photon is also considered massless. What keeps the 'e' and 'm' energy fields together across the vast universe? And why doesn't the momentum of the 'e' and 'm' energy fields as they swirl about not fling them away from the central area of the photon? And electricity is electricity and magnetism is magnetism varying possibly only in energy modality, energy density and energy frequency. Why doesn't the 'e' and 'm' of other photons and of matter basically tear apart a photon going across the vast universe? Also, 'if' a photon actually red shifts, where does the red shifted energy go and why does the photon red shift? And for those who claim space expanding causes a photon to red shift, see 'b' above. Why does radio 'em' (large 'em' waves) have low energy and gamma 'em' (small 'em' waves) have high energy? And for those who say E = hf; see also 'b' and 'c' above. (f = frequency, cycles per second. But modern science claims space can warp and expand and time can warp and vary. If 'space' warps and expands and/or 'time' warps and varies, what does that do to 'E'? And why doesn't 'E' keep space from expanding and time from varying?). g. Energy: Modern science claims that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it's one of the foundations of physics. Hence, energy is either truly a finite amount and eternally existent, or modern science is wrong. First Law Of Thermodynamics: "Energy can neither be created nor destroyed." How exactly is 'energy' eternally existent? h. Existence and Non-Existence side by side throughout all of eternity. How?

[@charlesbrightman4237]

@@matthewkashnig3061 As far as not worrying and concerns about the power grid, I have bigger issues to deal with besides just the power grid: EXISTENTIAL PHYSICS: Current Analysis: (subject to revision as new information might dictate): WARNING: NOT FOR ALL AUDIENCES: Only read this if you think you can handle it. Future: a. 6th mass extinction event (possibly occurring now), and the 6th won't be the last. (And 'yes', at least some humans will survive these earlier mass extinction events). b. Sun becomes a red giant one day as it switches from burning hydrogen to burning helium and will wipe out all life left on this Earth if not even the entire Earth itself. (And 'yes', a long time from now, but the destination is set like a way point on a journey). c. Our spiral shaped galaxy is most probably collapsing in upon itself, (note: adding to the red shift observations by the way), and it's possible ALL galaxies eventually collapse in upon themselves (not confirmed yet). d. 'If' one believes in the big bang theory, and space itself expanding, then the entire universe and all in it will most probably end in a big freeze. (And 'yes', a long time from now, but the destination would be set like a way point on a journey). Note also: the singular big bang is probably not really true, there are other 'normal' explanations for the red shift observations, and the universe is most probably not going to end in a big freeze. Also, 'if' the current forces of nature came into existence in the early moments of the expansion of the singularity, and the singularity is still basically expanding, then the forces of nature will probably evolve one day, possibly even in the very next moment of expansion of this universe, and possibly wipe out everything in existence in basically a blink of an eye. Of which note also, the forces of nature as well as the universe always existed and never had a beginning. But 'if' modern science is correct, well ....................................blink........................................... e. Outer space travel: Currently impossible to do for long periods of time due to: 1. Harmful cosmic radiation, including any potential neutrino impacts. (While most neutrinos go right through us, not all of them do all of the time). AI and biological life would most probably not survive unless proper protections were had. 2. Biological species, especially humans, need proper gravity conditions and large rotating space ships probably will not work for space bases on planets and moons. Otherwise, biological life, especially humans, will not survive long term. 3. Biological species, especially humans, need many more items to properly survive, otherwise they won't. * Note: If anybody has any actual factual evidence to counter the above, I welcome it. ** HAVE A NICE DAY IF THAT IS WHAT YOU CHOOSE TO HAVE, WHILE WE HAVE DAYS LEFT THAT WE CAN ENJOY. FOR EVERY MOMENT THAT PASSES, ONE LESS MOMENT BEING ALIVE AND ONE MOMENT CLOSER TO BEING NOT ALIVE. AND: MISSION IMPOSSIBLE: (Or so it currently appears): Try to save at least 1 single species on and from this Earth to exist beyond this Earth, solar system and most probably collapsing spiral shaped galaxy into a universe that never ends in a big freeze or by some other means so that life itself on and from this Earth has continued meaning and purpose to potentially throughout all of future eternity. (Otherwise, all life on and from this Earth, real and articifical, eventually dies and goes extinct, is ultimately meaningless in the grand scheme of things, and are all a waste of spacetime in this universal existence.) * Mission Impossible of the highest order. * Nature is our greatest ally in so far as Nature gives us life and a place to live it, AND Nature is also our greatest enemy that is going to take it all away. (Can we change the ending?)

[@74sampson]

Was the Carrington event, carrring tons of events?

[@TamithaSkov]

Cheeky! Thanks for giving me a great laugh on that one!

[@pikmin4743]

so informative, thank you! suspicious idiots could learn something if they pay attention

[@CraftySasquatch]

According to her opening statement that comment should get you banned. Calling people you disagree with "idiots" is very immature. Why do you disagree with SuspiciousObsevers? Have you looked at all of Ben's evidence? What do you disagree with. Why the hate? Make your points clear and precise please.

[@mohammedshehada5053]

Just a point of view: I think that the earth and its moon were initially two masses of hydrogen plasma separated from the sun due to massive explosions that occurred in the outer layer of the sun. After they reached the current distance from the sun, they began to revolve around themselves and around the sun. A very high pressure occurred in their nuclei, which led to the fusion of hydrogen nuclei and the creation of all chemical elements, beginning with gases, then liquids, and finally metals, including iron, in the Earth’s core. As for the nucleus of the moon, I do not think that the amount of protons that were present in the nucleus of the moon was sufficient to create iron. Therefore, I do not think that there is a magnetic field for the moon. I think that the surface of the moon is covered with a layer of material that reflects protons and other solar particles. I think that the moon is cold because the heat of its nucleus has been extinguished due to the conversion of all protons into elements, with its nucleus and surface not attracting any new protons. I think that all of the moon's volcanoes are now dormant. In addition to the above, I think that the nucleus of the sun is a large mass of neutrons that decompose into protons and electrons, and then hydrogen is created in the sun's mantle. Hydrogen clouds that are uninjected with any molecules gather in the outer layer of the sun, with other clouds that are injected with protons and others that are injected with electrons. When the positive clouds collide with the negative clouds, explosions and lightning strikes occur on the surface of the sun, leading to ignition of the entire outer layer of the sun, and blowing solar winds laden with protons and other particles into space, Including what reaches Earth. note: I know that what I think differs from what is scientifically known so far.

[@AC9BXEric]

... It's when Rodney Carrington speaks formal standard English in a tuxedo ... A Carrington class event.

[@jeremysons3709]

Dr Skov, thank you for the very information videos. I greatly enjoy them. However, I would point out that auroral behavior now exceeds what was observed during the more active and significant cycles you mention despite relatively lower scale activity which somewhat contradicts the claim the weakening trend of the magnetic field is a non factor or non issue. While social media and camera phones do play a role, they aren't alone. Earths magnetic field does play a role in this. I also don't think you can make the connections between thermosphere/ionospheric coupling and the effects of particle forcing on ozone mechanics and then conclude that increased vulnerability to space weather and disruption to technology as the only risk. These fields are not well understood and controversial and I can tell you grasp this by your notes on the effects of particles and cosmic ray impacts to the atmosphere. I think the earths electrical, magnetic, and climate state are far more intertwined than our subdivided fields of science can wholly appreciate. If the magnetic field is the door that modulates particle flux and more, its only logical to conclude that all systems will be affected. The earths magnetic field weakening and climate change are related and they are both long term issues and they are all trending the wrong way. Controversial research tying geomagnetic excursions, particle flux, and extinctions together is worth knowing about in order to understand the range of outcomes. Some research suggests the SAA is secular variations and recurring feature at work but there is equally or more research that suggests it to be a precursor to an excursion. In short, we dont really know, and it depends on which brand of research is preferred.

[@evelynizaks]

What's wrong with being mindfull, pause and rephrase how you want to explain so your point come across? Makes sense! Thank you!

[@NorthAmericanArtProductsllc]

I have a rather weird question do you have any information dating back to about 536 to know what solar cycle it was and any details of particular solar storms that may have happened? I know it is a reach. We know from Maurander that the Minimum Grand minimum can have a huge effect on weather. In modern times we have learned more about how Solar weather plays a key role in what happens on Earth. It is thought that around the year 536, at least two Volcanoes erupted if not three, one in Central America was to have caused so much gas in the air it poisoned the air on the other side of the globe which lead to respiratory illnesses. The Volcanoes also caused severe cooling of the planet which lead to no growing cycles, which in turn led to rats moving into houses to eat, which resulted in Bubonic plague. My curious little mind knows that solar cycles can have an effect on weather patterns, cooling, and shifting in tectonic plates, leading to volcanic activity. The question is, did it? Is there any data that goes back that far? (you can find me on Facebook if you want to chat about this one), If it did.. Well then what was the solar cycle in 1811-1812 when New Madrid fractured, do any of those dates of earthquakes line up with solar activity? I know, weird questions, but this is what you get from someone who learns everything from history, culture, traditional medicine, geology, and meteorology to space weather. I am someone who sees the patterns in things, bigger picture, and longer terms.

[@RichaRat]

Solar cycle 1 started in 1755. That's as far back that I know of any useful solar activity being recorded. Solar cycle 6 began in August 1810. The period from 1800 to 1835 , Solar cycles 5, 6, 7, were low activity. Here is a link to a NASA interactive chart that shows solar activity. www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/solar-cycle-progression

[@mikecharleston4263]

The Lord discipline those he love(not personal humility) Hebrews 12:6

[@NorthAmericanArtProductsllc]

1872 was observed in Paris and Havana Cuba , Was red auroras.

[@kb6lcw99]

❤

[@NowanInparticular]

You ate live

[@dadearinto5546]

SOLUTION: An effective way to REDUCE earthquake and volcanic eruption hazards is to CONNECT Makkah with Antarctica, Tuamoto with the Arctic, and the poles themselves through the Atlantic with paramagnetic material

[@spearfishJuneau]

Inserts waynes world meme... We are not worthy! We are not worthy!

[@lesladbrook4508]

Your Audio level was fine before you turned it up Tamitha :-)

[@tammyroyce8013]

I'm the one you put in right now, he needs to be in this Khan academy no ma'am I me so you switch the words to need from me being me so you are actually guilty of changing the system of Google, the you're under arrest

[@dadearinto5546]

Magnetic storm is getting bigger Earthquake is getting bigger until month of Muharram(perihelion) closest distance to the sun

[@NowanInparticular]

Yep

[@dadearinto5546]

Earth is getting closer to the sun in month of muharram in perihelion

[@pikmin4743]

people commenting ben's net worth LMAOOOO cuz those idiots paid for his scam. he might as well put out a sus-coin

[@tropicalislandsurfer]

You remind me of Jodie Foster

[@TamithaSkov]

Wow! I take that as a compliment of the highest order. I grew up watching her and loved her in Carl Sagan's Contact. Thanks for making my day!

[@costaverde5945]

What happens to the Sun? Is he angry at the Earth? If the solar maximum of 11 years ends, they are going to tell us... They already know what is happening or they are studying it... We are aliens and we are not very sure...

[@tammyroyce8013]

And then you have 39 that goes into 12 you want to tell me how the 39 goes into 12 I will do it for you 3 + 9 is 12

[@honeyislandoutfitters9887]

Holy crap Batman u was in long

[@TamithaSkov]

LMAO. Just like I always do for my mini courses!

[@honeyislandoutfitters9887]

@@TamithaSkov just a novice trying to learn HAM boi

[@tammyroyce8013]

So now the comment that I am making basically right here Starbucks so that I have a witness of what I and about the smartest woman in the universe you got a car going around piloting itself then you have other vehicles out there that are called leading their souls like the airplanes helicopters can you put two and two together and you come up with the number cords to the number three

[@mattg3481]

3 hour long, let's reevaluate the mini in your mini course.

[@TamithaSkov]

LMAO. Fair enough. This is why I take breaks and do multiple Q&A sections during the class. These courses are meant to be taken over the course of an entire month. Only the insanely brave watch the whole thing in one sitting!