Tascam Model 12 Review and Live Demo Guide | Americana Band

The Old North is a New England Americana band based in Boston, MA, USA. Check out our music on this channel or through the links below, thanks for watching!
Spotify:
open.spotify.com/artist/2Ozv0...
Subscribe:
/ @theoldnorth
Link to the full the song demoed in the video:
• Americana acoustic dem...
Start: 00:00
Intro: 00:15
Demo start: 2:28
Song Mixing: 15:41
Demo end: 22:48
End thoughts: 22:49
If you like what you hear please like and subscribe! You can also follow us on the platforms below for more info and to see where we're playing live next.
website:
theoldnorth.net
facebook:
/ theoldnorthmusic
Instagram:
/ the_old_north
bandsintown:
bandsintown.com/theoldnorth
The Old North is a lively Americana trio playing an upbeat style of traditional folk music that blends the singer/songwriter genre with jazz, bluegrass, and blues. The band is made of singer/songwriter Andrew O'Keeffe, Hayes Cummings on lead guitar, and Max Liebman on bass.

[@JasonFerguson1283]

Thanks for your demo! Love the options this versatile machine has!

[@TheOldNorth]

My pleasure, thanks for the kind words, glad you found it helpful!

[@christaylor839]

Thanks', Andrew for the great video. I've had one of these for several months but due to one thing or another, I've just started digging into it. Your vid will be very helpful! Nice tune, too!

[@TheOldNorth]

Thanks Chris, happy to help, have fun with yours and glad you liked the tune!

[@askiabakari3086]

Appreciate your help. Great breakdown of this unit.

[@TheOldNorth]

Hey glad you found it helpful! Thanks for watching!

[@Thenit92]

This is the best video on KZbin regarding the model 12. Thanks.

[@TheOldNorth]

Hey thanks, appreciate that! I was thinking of revisiting it and making an update since I've been using it for several years now. Good luck with yours!

[@Thenit92]

@@TheOldNorth brilliant idea. Great songs by the way!

[@sweetpetenol7335]

Thank you very much you are a very good adviser and help me a lot in the progress of my tascam ... Excellent work you are doing and moreover you sing very well and the guitar too😀

[@TheOldNorth]

Glad you found it helpful, thanks for the kind words!

[@michaelbrookins2720]

Great video thank you!! simply explained wall and on point

[@TheOldNorth]

Thanks for watching, glad to help!

[@buildingsheriff]

Thanks, mate. Really good video.

[@TheOldNorth]

Much appreciated, glad you liked it!

[@stefanoehlin]

Good walkthroug. Thanks a lot!

[@TheOldNorth]

Thanks for watching, glad it was helpful!

[@SecondhandKidMusic]

Great info and very lovely voice. Thank you.

[@TheOldNorth]

Thanks man, appreciate the comment, glad to be helpful!

[@lovinglili5204]

Nice, I will be getting one in a couple weeks

[@TheOldNorth]

Awesome! Hope you have a lot of fun with it, thanks for watching!

[@JohnSmithiuyytw]

Nice video man. Thanks for sharing. I'm currently saving for the 24, wish it had midi like the 12 though.

[@TheOldNorth]

Thanks for watching J! I love using this thing, hope you have just as much fun with the 24!

[@musicman4christjesus]

Really great review/tutorial. I appreciate all the tips and suggestions! Only thing I haven't figured out is how to hear the effects when tracking. Haven't really looked into it as I have it hooked up to the iPad and recording into Cubasis3. But in stand-alone mode would be nice to record dry but hear the reverb or delays. Any idea?

[@TheOldNorth]

Hey sorry for the delay! You should be able to hear any of the on board effects while you're tracking, make sure the FX knob is turned up on the channel you're recording to. When you record to the SD card it does not carry over the effects you use from the board so you can edit the dry tracks in post. I'm not exactly sure about connecting an iPad but the individual tracks on the SD card will not print the onboard effects to the channels. Hope that helps and thanks for watching, glad it was helpful!

[@TheOldNorth]

If you enjoyed the music in this video and want to hear more, check our new music video for our song "Interrobang" here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/pquraqGrYpenoKM

[@armondmeadows5678]

Nice vid. I for one appreciate your soft spoken manner. Anyway, just FYI, you can record with the switch in MTR mode. Then you don’t need to worry about switching to hear what you just recorded.

[@TheOldNorth]

Very true, great point to mention! Glad you liked the video and thanks for the comment!

[@barryhunt5686]

Hey, yes I agree the MTR mode makes it so much easier. There needs to be better advice about some details like this..cheers

[@yolhanson]

Yes, I discovered this by accident. LIVE mode for is for live mixing, perhaps? (Like, a band playing live at a pub?)

[@andrewkratz226]

Great tune

[@TheOldNorth]

Thanks man, just released the studio version on Spotify a few weeks ago!

[@richardkinman9268]

Thanks man👍

[@TheOldNorth]

Glad to help!

[@CurtEdwards]

Thanks!

[@TheOldNorth]

Glad to help!

[@saifsweiti]

Hi . I wonder .that I can't edit the effects when I press the 2 effects number 13 or 14 . You can just edit the delay .and noway to edit the hall one !!

[@paulmartin5544]

Very useful thanks, nice music too..made a change from guys kerranging about over a drum machine!

[@TheOldNorth]

Thanks so much, glad you enjoyed the music, happy to be helpful!

[@ernieflanaganstingraybassm1463]

your acoustic and voice sounds awesome

[@TheOldNorth]

Thanks, appreciate it!

[@truthfinder4973]

thank you tascam i miss the old analog days this kinda take you back,;i just cant make mind up if i wont 12,16,24 i treat this like the old recroders im have vcr with hi-fi at the end of this unit to bounce all track to get that old nice sound. to computer for digit copy! i know its got sd card butt i just miss the old ways that bad !!!!! zzounds i be heading your way to get this thank you for video.

[@TheOldNorth]

Thanks for watching!

[@paulread9508]

Really useful, thank you for posting this video. I am very new to home recording and most videos seem to focus on functionality that I don't need, so it was great to find your straight forward example of how to use this mixer. Am I right in thinking I can download recordings from the SD card in Cubase for example and mix the multi channels from there? I am enjoying you music too, nice added bonus to finding this video.

[@TheOldNorth]

Hey Paul, thanks for the kind words, glad to be helpful! Yes, once anything you've recorded on the board can be exported as a .WAV file into whatever DAW you use. None of the FX/EQ/Compression will export with the raw stems so you can start fresh in your software and mix from there. Thanks for checking out our music too, really appreciate it! Lots more of that coming soon too!

[@paulread9508]

@@TheOldNorth Thanks for coming back to me on this, appreciate it.

[@wrenhinds]

Best demo of this unit! One thing i wanted to see at the end though, can you mix the song entirely on the desk and simply export a final mixed version of the song into WAV format with eq's effects and all? also... Is the Tascam model 24 the same desk but with more channels? :)

[@TheOldNorth]

Thanks so much, glad you enjoyed it! Yes, you can export your board mix as well as the individual stems. I can't speak to the model 24 but I know the 12 has some features that the 24 may not. Thanks again!

[@yolhanson]

Based on some YT videos I've seen, the 16 and 24 are not genuine DAW interfaces, whereas the 12 is. I think there needs to some more clarity around this, especially as people might be buying the larger models thinking they'll do the same as the 12, only with more track capacity.

[@TheOldNorth]

@@yolhanson Agreed, thanks for bringing that up!

[@dooda1193]

did u do mixdown..... whats the diff to dp 24sd,,,,, i dont use pc ,, also

[@luismangoes]

If there is any "solo" pressed, The PFL/AFL red led (on The left of The screen) turns on.

[@TheOldNorth]

Good tip, thanks!

[@charliewelch328]

Just ordered this mixer. Did you plug your acoustic directly in the unit or mic it. Your singing and guitar playing are incredible.

[@TheOldNorth]

Yeah I went direct into the board, I usually use a DI too. Glad you enjoyed the music, thanks for the kind words!

[@epiphonium]

helpful !

[@JuckoLelle]

Hello! Great video + I like your music 🙂 I just bought a Model 12 How are you working with the Mastering functions?

[@TheOldNorth]

Hey Lars, glad you found the video helpful! I'm not sure what you mean by mastering functions exactly? Usually mastering is a specialized process done in post production after a song has been recorded and mixed. I'm not aware of any dedicated mastering functions on the model 12, but I could be wrong! Sorry I can't be more helpful with this!

[@JuckoLelle]

@@TheOldNorth Hello! Thank you for the answer. I'm probably wrong :-) Wishing you a great weekend!

[@tjtheplatypus]

Thanks for the demo. I've been looking for a live/silent recording solution for my band and this seems pretty close. Are you able to have separate individual mixes for the headphone outs and Aux outs?

[@TheOldNorth]

There are two headphone jacks but as far as I can tell they both run off the same mix. Check out the Zoom LiveTrack L-12, I know that board allows for 5 separate headphone mixes. Thanks for watching!

[@tjtheplatypus]

@@TheOldNorth Thanks for the reply! I will do that.

[@mrchill3007]

What kind of mic did you use??

[@TheOldNorth]

I think on this one I was using the Rode NT1 A, I also use the Sennheiser e945

[@ericchng6102]

Appreciate advise how to get headphones audio from model 12. Thanks.

[@TheOldNorth]

Glad to help!

[@shawnspencer8389]

Did you plug your guitar straight in, or mic it? If you which mic? If guitar, what kind of preamp pickup? What model guitar? Sounds fab btw…

[@TheOldNorth]

Hey man, I think for this I went straight in without a preamp and just using the but in pickup, but I now use a red red eye preamp. I don't usually mic my guitar but the model is a breedlove OM. Glad you dig the music, thanks for watching!

[@sohndervenus]

Thank you for the short introduction! So is it possible to also record all tracks post eq/fx/fader from the beginning or can you use the eq, fx and fader only after you recorderd all tracks?

[@TheOldNorth]

You can use all the features from the start, just like you would if you were doing a live show. You can set your parameters and use/hear them all the way through the process if you're using monitors or headphones. However, when you export individual tracks for use in a DAW, they will not have any effects on them, basically giving you full control from scratch. If you want to hear the exact mix you made from the board with eq/fx and all, you can export the master mix. Hope that helps, thanks for watching!

[@sillydillydokieo]

@@TheOldNorth sold.

[@robertthompson6302]

This is great When you say ‘export individual tracks to DAW’ sounds great, but is there a quick way to do this? SIM card or only with the DAW set up as an interface? We recorded a guitar and two vocals and want to do post in Abelton... Were having trouble getting Full control in Abelton so we’d like to just get tracks in there and mix after the fact. ‘Thanks ‘Enjoyed your video

[@adamcaul]

Nice song Andrew. I’m not happy with Logic when it comes to voice. Can I import prerecorded mp3 tracks onto this mixer to lay down audio tracks over top.? Thanks for your time

[@TheOldNorth]

Yes! You can import pre-recorded audio from an SD card and record in layers like that, definitely a nice feature. Glad you enjoyed the song, the studio version actually just came out today and is streaming on Spotify now! Thanks for the comment!

[@ernieflanaganstingraybassm1463]

This machine is just like my first porta studio in the early 80s but its half digital and half analog

[@TheOldNorth]

Definitely feels like the best of both worlds, thanks for the comment!

[@theobserv8]

Can I please ask you something cause I am willing to buy tascam model 12 When you use it as a soundcard in your daw, does the channels 1 and 2 are preoccupied by pc outputs? This means that has only 8 audio inputs in soundcard mode?

[@TheOldNorth]

I don't use it as a daw controller so I can't answer that one, sorry and good luck!

[@marciolimongi]

Thank you for the video, great information! Quick question: are you able to record volume fade ins and fade outs into your final mix while playing back your recorded audio? Thanks!

[@TheOldNorth]

Good question, I don't think you can really automate volume control on the board in that way. You could have someone do it for you while you're doing the actual recording and then the master mix would include the fades, but obviously you'd need an extra set of hands. As far as my experience has been, I've only done fades, etc. in software post production. Hope that helps!

[@marciolimongi]

Thank for responding! So if I understand correctly, whenever you’re ready to record a new track, you’d need to set that new track’s volume and effects in relation to other existing recorded tracks prior to recording the new track. Is that correct?

[@TheOldNorth]

That's what I do! Most important is to get a good gain signal first, that way you'll be sure to have a good recording to work with in your DAW if you decided to do some post production.

[@marciolimongi]

Thanks again for the info! Very helpful!

[@tom22333]

Thx! A mixing question if I may. When you mix a song and get the eq, compression, levels, and panning set on your individual tracks, do you bounce down the individual tracks to save the changed? If you reopen the track later it, you will need to remix it if you dont correct? Thanks!

[@TheOldNorth]

Hi Tom, correct, there are no preset/save settings options. If you want to bring a song back up to mix later you would have to manually re-do all the parameters. In terms of bouncing, you can bounce a Master mix with the eq/levels/compression/effects, ect. and hear the mix you created on the board. Individually, the tracks do not bounce with any of the board's parameters effecting the sound, only the input gain level. This is so you can have a totally clean raw file to work with in your DAW. Hope that helps, thanks for watching!

[@tom22333]

@@TheOldNorth thanks you!

[@pauldibble8627]

Nice video. I’ve found out that you can create a master mix which shows up on tracks 11/12 (available for export in the menus) by pressing the main record button and play button without arming any tracks. Then while it plays back if you make any pan, fader, or other tweaks, these are captured in real time to the master mix which you can export as a stereo mix in the tascam menu. There is also an option to record the individual tracks either pre or post fader. Default is pre-fader which gives you just the raw signal.

[@lawrencerasmus]

I had a Boss 16 track but the hard drive was so loud it drove me crazy plus after so many tracks it went from 24 bit to 16 bit, sound at 16 bit stinks, will this stay at 24 bit the entire 12 tracks?

[@TheOldNorth]

Hey Lawrence, as far as I can tell once you set your parameters that's how it records to all tracks. I haven't experienced or heard about bit rate dropping like that, don't know why it would! I think the most tracks I've done at once so far is 6 or so and they all recorded the same. Hope that helps!

[@saifsweiti]

Hi , please can anybody. tell me how i can edit the 2 effect together the Delay and reverb

[@TheOldNorth]

Sorry don't think I can answer that one, good luck!

[@bichho5519]

Hello I've just got my tascam model 12 mixer mainly for karaoke. Im having some difficulty with the microphone being too low not loud or crisp enough for the live event. Can you give me some pointers to how to improve the mic level to make it louder thank you.

[@TheOldNorth]

Make sure your gain settings are high enough as well at the fader level for the mic channel. From there adjust the master volume to the right level. Depending on the mic you might need to engage the phantom power button. If those things don't help you might need a pre-amp for your mic to boost the signal, good luck!

[@agsmith001]

if you are recording to another device this is not helpful for those of us who want to use it as a standalone (how to apply eq to SD card?)

[@andrebrown4677]

Loving The Warmth & Presence of the Model 12! Am i right in saying that you cant save any Adjustments made via EQ,Pan,Comp, FX Etc. Thanks for the inspiring Vid! Will check out your music too. Dre

[@TheOldNorth]

Hey Dre, you're correct, no automation or preset saves, would be a nice feature though. Thanks for watching and looking around the channel, really appreciate it!

[@c.b.carter7183]

I just bought a new Tascam 16 track and for the life of me, I can't figure how to get control of the faders. It's like the faders don't work.

[@yolhanson]

Do you mean automated faders? I don't think that's possible. Happy to be corrected.

[@joeland9522]

Do you think this would be a good board for a bluegrass band to use for live mixing into powered speakers and also being able to pull out live (levelable) recordings of gigs and practices?

[@TheOldNorth]

Hey Joe, yeah I definitely think so! Our group is guitars, vocals, and upright bass and it works great. As long as you don't need more inputs than it offers I think it would work well for any style of music. All of the live performance videos we have on this channel have been recorded with this board so judge for yourself! I think its great and would highly recommend it!

[@joeland9522]

@@TheOldNorth i ordered the 12 and can make some simple recordings. I have read that afl/ pfl will effect if the channel mixer or effects are applied to what the board records. How do I set this up to record exactly what I have the board compression, eq, effects on each channel?

[@vicmerle57]

Very good explanation. I have a question, “Would it be possible to download the SD Card with a performance on it and burn a CD on an Apple iMac. Do you know if the SD Card from the Tascam is compatible with an iMac”. Thank you, and great singing by the way👍

[@TheOldNorth]

The files on the SD card can be exported as WAV files so yes, those can be burned to a CD. I'm a PC user so I can't speak to the details of an iMac but my guess is it'll work fine. Thanks for watching, glad you liked the music too!

[@vicmerle57]

@@TheOldNorth Thank you!

[@robertthompson6302]

How have you exported your wave files? Can’t seem to find this...

[@TheOldNorth]

I'd recommend using a card reader on your computer to see the files on the SD card, that way you won't have connection issues. If you've recorded without issue you should see the folders and wav files easily, hope that helps!

[@robertthompson6302]

Thanks Andrew... I wish the manual was better. I know there’s a ton of things this mixer can do, but there’s a lot of experimenting ahead to get it to become it a manageable work flow.

[@williamjeffreys2980]

How do you rewind/que to the beginning?

[@TheOldNorth]

You can use the transport buttons to move around your recording, and you can set marks within the recording to jump between. If you know your best take starts 4 minutes into the recording for example, you can set a mark there and easily get to it, and do that as many times as necessary. Hope that helps!

[@MetalHeadHippie]

What is the max size SD card you can use in the unit? Thanks .

[@TheOldNorth]

Depends on the type of SD card but with SDXC you can go up to 512GB

[@MetalHeadHippie]

@@TheOldNorth SanDisk 128GB Extreme PRO SDXC UHS-I Card - C10, U3, V30, 4K UHD, SD Card - SDSDXXY-128G-GN4IN Thanks. Amazon.. This is the one I got for my Model 12..

[@MetalHeadHippie]

Also did you end up getting a longer cord for your interface PC connection? Type-C to USB 3.0 Type A Charging Data Cable? I got a 10 foot Cable. Peace.

[@TheOldNorth]

@@MetalHeadHippie Just use a 3 foot usb c cable that came with my phone when I connect it to my computer but I don't use it as an interface much at all. Pretty much just set it up for recording and record tunes straight to the board, then offload from the SD and do any tweaks in pro tools after.

[@gosampeinturemusique]

Hi , can it record a simple Master stereo track in "Live Mode" like a normal recorder without arming each track ? The manual suppose that is possible but it's not clear ... Thanks

[@TheOldNorth]

In my experience you need to arm each track that you want to record. When you export your files you should see the master stereo tracks in addition to the stems for each individual input... Hope that makes sense? Thanks for watching!

[@gosampeinturemusique]

@@TheOldNorth Yes it makes sense , but does the effect , Pan , volume , eq , master eq , are exported too ? The manual says too : with the REC buttons off (unlit) on each channel press the 🔴 button to create a stereo mix from the playback sounds of all the recorded tracks ... That's strange 🤔

[@TheOldNorth]

Sorry I can't be more helpful, best of luck!

[@gosampeinturemusique]

@@TheOldNorth No problem , thank you a lot 🙂

[@france4me117]

What a super mega beautiful voice and the guitar playing is brilliant ... I soooo want to learn how to use this Tascam Model 12 with my Yamaha Montage 7 HW and my mic

[@TheOldNorth]

Thanks so much, very kind of you to say! I hope you get a chance to start learning on it soon!

[@axume100]

Hello how are you doing I just buy tascam model 12 ,the problem is that I’m always record it using irig2 with this one I can’t make it works if you know can you please help me out where I can coneted or make it work.

[@TheOldNorth]

Sorry don't know anything about irig2, good luck!

[@axume100]

@@TheOldNorth thanks

[@MicheleMillar]

I can’t get this thing working!! Help!!

[@TheOldNorth]

Hi Michele, if this video didn't help there are lots of others that might have the info you need! Your issue could be a lot of things, including just a malfunctioning unit. All I can really suggest is going through the user guide and contacting tascam if nothing works, wish I could be more helpful, best of luck!

[@ernieflanaganstingraybassm1463]

Please turn the volume up pretty please !!!

[@michaeltrenier]

Can it be used as a control surface for DAWS? It has everything else man lol that would make me buy now really fast 💨

[@TheOldNorth]

Yeah man it's got that too, I don't use it that way but being a daw controller is one of it's main features, thanks for watching!

[@michaeltrenier]

@@TheOldNorth Awesome man made my decision much easier!! Clicked sub😎

[@TheOldNorth]

🙏 much appreciated!

[@pjsnijdersmusic]

But a daw controller for all faders? Or only just 2 faders?

[@domingoleija3436]

Hey buddy, I actually dig the music coming out of model 12

[@TheOldNorth]

Thanks man glad you like it and appreciate you saying so!

[@michaelg8502]

Hello, can you assign a channel to a certain input? Great voice man

[@TheOldNorth]

Hey there, I'm not sure I understand the question but as far as I'm aware you can only use the inputs to the channel they're already attached to. It functions mostly like an analog board with some digital capability, mostly in the form of recording. Things like automation or presets are not available. Hope that's helpful, thanks for the question!

[@TruthSeekerAi]

lol son went from talking regular to raspy johnny cashish in 0 60

[@Loading17]

Watch at speed x 1.5 :)

[@epiphonium]

Audio could be louder in the talking part before 8 minutes.

[@fdwayne4]

Great Demo. As a certified “Grass Hole” I would call your style Americana not Bluegrass. Wow, that was rude but true.

[@TheOldNorth]

Hey Dwayne, I agree! We're definitely an Americana band, we were just calling it bluegrass as a working title, it'll have a proper name when it's released, thanks for watching!

[@fdwayne4]

@@TheOldNorth thanks for responding, I feel kinda bad for that post. Thinking about purchasing the Tascam Model 12. Your video was very helpful.

[@TheOldNorth]

Haha no worries, glad to be helpful!

[@ernieflanaganstingraybassm1463]

your voice is way to soft brother !! only in the intro until you started singing and great demo !!

[@MartyTypeR]

Hi. I am very interested in buying a Tascam Model 12 or 16 mixing console. When searching on You Tube, your video appealed to me, where you can explain very nicely how to easily use this Recorder. I listened to your recordings and they are very nice, you have a perfect voice. Please, I would like to ask you if I can, for example, record guitar, keyboards, bass and vocals and then play what I have already recorded and gradually play the third track and other instruments on the next track. I apologize for the automatic translation from Google, so maybe you'll understand what I asked. I'm 58 years old and I don't have much experience with studying on a computer, and here it seems much easier to me, and it's also usable, like a normal mixing console with the possibility of recording. Thank you in advance for your answer and good luck to Laco, Czech Republic

[@TheOldNorth]

Hey there, yes, you can record in layers like that. You can record multiple instruments at once, or one at a time. It's a really easy tool for recording and would highly recommend it. Thanks for having a listen to the band, I appreciate it and good luck making your music!

[@MartyTypeR]

@@TheOldNorth Thank you very much for the quick answer, so I would like to ask which microphone out of the 3 that you mention under the video do you prefer the most for recording and which for normal singing at a concert, or if it doesn't matter. Is it necessary to have a phantom-powered microphone? I hope I've spoken correctly, maybe you'll understand what I'm asking. I wish you good luck in your work, have a nice day and thank you again.

[@TheOldNorth]

For home recording I would recommend the Rode NT1, its a great condenser microphone for the price and does require phantom power (which the board has). For live performance you should use the Shure SM 58 (does not require phantom power). It would also be fine to use an SM58 for home recording but you'll get more professional results from the Rode. Basically the difference is that the Rode is much more sensitive so it's best for studio use, and the Shure doesn't pick up as much outside noise so it's good for loud, live settings. Hope that helps!

[@MartyTypeR]

@@TheOldNorth Thank you very much for the explanation, have a nice time and I wish you a lot of beautiful music

[@lumberpilot]

I am still not sure how to create a mixdown for export. There is no page in the manual that says how to create a mix, where it goes, what is the format, etc.. Also, the manual clearly was not written by people whose first language is English . I like this machine but we need a lot more tutorials on KZbin.

[@TheOldNorth]

Hey John, I record straight to the SD card on the board and the files come out in WAV format. You can export the individual stems or a stereo file that way, I agree with you though, the manual sometimes isn't easy to navigate! Thanks for watching!

[@lumberpilot]

@@TheOldNorth I'm just used to mixing to a stereo master track. I used to have the Yamaha AW16 so at the end of the day, you had a finished product that was burned to a CD. It just feels like a better sense of closure.

[@nikkorglassman738]

Can't hear the most of what you say because your mic record volume is too low.

[@zanyeclipse]

Your way too quiet mate. Turn yourself up in post or speak louder.

[@TheOldNorth]

Will keep that in mind! Thanks for watching and for the feedback!

[@morten1]

It sounds fine to me, on phone

[@willgo7898]

agree ... vocal level way too low. Kinda drags, too ... edit, tighten