Mixing Nitrous and Rockets is DANGEROUS... But Really FUN!

This is the 1st part in a 4 part series on rocket motors, rocket nozzles and nitrous oxide. We begin with an explanation of the use of nozzles and nitrous then move outside to do some testing.
Part links:
www.mcmaster.com/3282K111/
www.mcmaster.com/3282K163/
www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00...
www.amazon.com/gp/product/B08...
www.amazon.com/Nitrous-Expres...
Everyday Astronaut video:
• Is SpaceX's Raptor eng...
Related videos:
• Rockets
Find us on Patreon and our website:
/ techingredients
www.techingredients.com/
#SpaceX #DIY

[@SteveEh]

"if you wanna get your ass to Mars, Your gonna use a liquid rocket engine" - Noted :D

[@KieranShort]

It's an Arnold Schwarzenegger (Quaid) quote from Total Recall.

[@preddy09]

For maximum thrust combine carbonated liquids and various laxatives

[@Aaron-zu3xn]

seriously though now i'm curious if you can use butane/propane or gasoline and hit it with NOS for more lift

[@MrHunterseeker]

And here I thought it was a word play, and he said "If you want to get your MASS to Mars". Damn.

[@simonstergaard]

mars is rich on chlorates... it will just be a pit-stop planet...

[@RandallStephens397]

Tech Ingredients: Careful, methodical, safety-conscious, stoichiometric Integza: I'm gonna run pressurized O2 and propane into a 3d printed rocket inside my house!

[@kindaFunkyNGL]

I worry about what he's breathing in, in his attic sometimes

[@cerebralm]

I like them both! It takes all kinds of kinds... :P

[@74Vidrine]

@@kindaFunkyNGL he's wearing goggles tho

[@seanwatts8342]

BOLD chemistry and OLD chemistry are rarely seen together...

[@garrysekelli6776]

Is that that annoying french guy?

[@ShubhamBhushanCC]

Other KZbin Channels: Don't Try this at home. Tech Ingredients : Here's exactly how you try this at home

[@DynamicUnreality]

But with every possible detail, safety precaution, process, theory, and implementation included, hence still making it a lot safer than 99% of other YT science creators who dont even understand what they are doing and are just recreating something cool they saw in another video.

[@jamesbarisitz4794]

I appreciate the lengths taken to explain the details needed to achieve a successful result. This goes for all the projects I've enjoyed on your channel. Thank you. ✌

[@dangerousideaz]

Pressing the like button doesn't adequately express how much I love this video

[@davedjl3387]

I completely agree and it becomes fractally true again to your comment.

[@davidsanders5861]

Headlines in 2 years: "Main Presenter beats Musk to Mars"

[@misterhat5823]

Son of the father of the main presenter...

[@Marin3r101]

Destin Should partner with you guys to capture some Highspeed footage.

[@jannooosthuizen6588]

Great idea

[@snakezdewiggle6084]

I'll 2nd and 3rd that motion !

[@risdon34]

@@snakezdewiggle6084 Now slow that motion

[@snakezdewiggle6084]

@@risdon34 Okay, back to 1st then... never get to... mumble..mumble..sniffle..grumble..hate..grumble... ;)

[@AdamofSpades217]

Awesome idea

[@TheFunnyoldman]

Everytime I get a notification for this channel I know I’m in for a treat. Keep up the great works guys.

[@squirlboy250]

@Tom-Tom Tom Are you huffing gas? You do know that is bad for you right? lol

[@ProlificInvention]

You are my favorite scientist/engineer/Inventor/narrator/teacher. It's like we are on the same wavelength of thought. I identify as a know it all, but I learn so so much from you and it's great. #1 fan *Tech Ingredients*

[@justnumber427]

my day is automatically better seeing a tech ingredients video posted

[@pe4958]

Tech ingredients: "Let's do nitrous" Me: "Oh hell yeah!" Tech ingredients: "or should I say Let's talk about nitrous...." Me: "DAWWWW!"

[@risdon34]

were you really disappointed, though?

[@angst_]

says, "on 3." goes on 0. It's like rock paper scissors vs rock paper scissors shoot.

[@Robert_McGarry_Poems]

On three: meaning, I am starting on the number three. I am now on three... 3, 2, 1, 0. Zero being the go word.

[@angst_]

That's not usually how it works. "to go on 3." means that you go on 3. "1 2 3!" he just counted the wrong way.

[@armin0815]

I guess internally he's always thinking what he says at 37:14 but then shortens it to "on three".

[@thebrowns5337]

It's a common science thing. Number of that that start listing points when talking... one: blah blah blah, two: rhubarab, rhubarb... and C: blah, blah, rhubarb.

[@flymypg]

In the military, we said "IN 3", meaning after a 3 second count. I suspect "ON 3" is a misnomer. When coordination was needed across a team, the controller would shout "IN 3" and everyone else would shout it back. Then would come "Fire in the hole!", then the count would start. When counting down, saying "Zero" marks the end of the third second.

[@acolize8883]

My guy really went “Ordinary rockets weren’t cool enough, so I added some NOS”

[@bengelman2600]

I respect that as well.

[@dennisford2000]

Now rocket powered dragster

[@_BangDroid_]

NARS!

[@csn583]

Nitrous Oxide Systems is a brand name, for those of you raised by shitty car movies.

[@em4392]

@@csn583 no

[@Gene_e19]

Your videos have uncovered for me so many areas of practical engineering already - each time with in-depth, engaging explanations. I also appreciate how you always dub all the measurements in imperial and metric wherever it makes sense.

[@Tarex_]

This is probably one of the clearest explanations on nitrous oxide function, safety, usage and extra tips that i have ever heard, and one of the few people who care enough to warn people with headphones on, others just blast away

[@ricksanchez3176]

"Let's do Nitrous" I see what you did there. :)

[@jwanda10]

he was a wild man in college i bet 😂

[@MrEazyE357]

He literally called attention to it in the video.

[@csn583]

This is AFTER brain cell loss?! (Not that that's an actual effect of sane nitrous use, or they wouldn't use it for anesthesia.)

[@matthewlee8917]

You’re by far the coolest dude I don’t know.

[@Pwills]

I love your countdown “on 3, 3 2 1 0” I think you mean on 4 or even on 0 😂🤣😂

[@jonpardue]

Best and most comprehensive explanation - and proper handling - of commonly available racing-use nitrous oxide tanks and basic plumbing. Thank you for investing time to make videos that encourage safety while evaulating and optimzing systems to engineer a high performance result. Long time subscriber, this is one of your finest videos.

[@0pt1c]

You contentiously produce quality entertaining videos, both with high production value and in depth explanation. I also love how you explain the "why it works" and the "how it works" while simultaneously showing exactly how exciting the given demonstration really is. Thank you for providing "mind candy" to the world! You rock F'n rock!

[@johnmaccallum9984]

Don't even need to wait for this to start playing to give a thumbs up because I already know I'm going to love it.

[@erik61801]

This guy is a hidden gem. I tell like minded people about this channel all the time. Have you written any books yet? You should if not. We need all this knowledge hard copied.

[@konstantinlee2275]

Just take 35mm film camera, record from laptop's screen and put hardcopy on your shelf :)

[@4n2earth22]

Best episode ever. EVER! There is much to appreciate, but the moment(s) I enjoyed most was the 21st century rocket science explanation about the rocket nozzles in front of the rough sawed shed wall, with the flickering shadows from the sun through trees. Exquisitely presented!

[@hughessay1372]

Excellent! I appreciate the clear "what and why" explanations you provide in your videos even though I'll never build one of these engines myself.

[@Termuellinator]

i don't see it mentioned anywhere, so just a small note: Specific impulse is NOT unitless but is "Seconds" instead :) Awesome video, as alwasy!

[@miken7629]

I love your detailed explanations. I used to experiment with hybrid engines in the early 2000's and the problem I was trying to solve was a non pyrotechnic ignition. At the time, hybrid rocket engines were using a fuel grain to start the process. Instead of a nozzle, I made an injector out of a "T" fitting with a copper rod going down the center of the "T" fitting, closed off with a compression fitting to insulate and attach the copper rod. The nitrous came through the center of the "T" fitting and exited out the other end of the fitting, which was screwed onto the engine bulkhead. Now, a high current plasma arc was initiated between the copper rod the "T" fitting. The copper would erode and vaporize under the plasma current. Plasma vaporizing copper creates a combustion process and produces a bluish purple flame. Copper is combusting with the oxidizer before it enters the combustion chamber. Copper is also a catalyst for nitrous oxide and should cause the nitrous molecules to split, produce heat to start the combustion process. But then Columbia blew up during reentry and I got side tracked and never picked it back up again.

[@augiefroggie141]

Thank you so much for the fine level of detail in all of your explanations. This is a channel I learn so much from! Keep doing what you do!

[@joshuahunt5924]

This is something I always found fascinating. I'm very glad that you are doing instructional videos. Thank you.

[@Nanogrip]

Tech Ingredients: talks about nitrous Vin Diesel: *INTERESTING*

[@STLUlrich]

Had me going..no 41.3 not 42.3 lbs. Love the channel keep up the excellent work! Used your sugar rockets in the stem class last year!

[@TechIngredients]

Great!

[@djisydneyaustralia]

17:42 I'm glad you take the time to explain the point of the nut on the connection adaptor not being a sealing component, I used to repair gas regulators and other equipment and it's frustrating to see thread tape (PTFE) on the nut and the oring missing.

[@hugoturbill6067]

Over of my favourite channels. Been watching for ever, as a mechanical engineer student I give your videos fascinating and love your rigorous testing and experimentation

[@shanesgettinghandy]

I always wonder where you learned all this stuff to begin with... Thanks for the great video!

[@msx80]

Right? How can he knows so many things so deeply in so many fields

[@csn583]

By doing (and research to make the doing work.)

[@BWGPT]

The depth of knowledge he has is like an mmo player. This is what happens when you don't have video games, but are instead forced to min-max your speakers, race car, moonshine and catamaran.

[@HugoHugunin]

I have seen solid fuel with differing patterns vs a generic hole. If my memory hasn't gone to shite, I remember where a "star" pattern on the combustion interface gave a huge kick at the outset and throttled back, automatically, as the burn progressed. I know that I am tossing another variable into the mix, but I remember the paper saying that it was a "massive improvement".

[@zachary3777]

That would make sense. More surface area to start off but it would tend to burn into a circular shape and taper off as you said.

[@mduckernz]

Finocyl (fins on cylinder) is more popular as its easier to make (much easier to machine a mandrel for) and very closely approximates star grains. They are used equally in solid and hybrid engines. I've made some finocyls before, they're good but add a lot of work.

[@stanmacdonald1073]

This is true in solid rocket motors. In NOX hybrid motors the faster the fuel burns the higher the pressure which reduces the NOX flow thus reducing the pressure... Burn stability can be a real challenge in hybrid motors. Many amateur hybrids sound like they fart themselves into the air. Different fuel grain geometry can help.

[@bikerfirefarter7280]

Plenty of 'old school' stuff on the effects of solid booster core geometry in Scientific American 4-5 decades ago. The geometry and throat ratio to burn-chamber area has a big influence on thrust and burn speed, even tiny changes can make dramatic (catastrophic) results. Some nozzle throats are designed to specifically ablate/degrade as the burn progresses. There are core/compositions that start with a short high-impulse 'chamber' then transition to 'end-burning', or a progressive 'layered' change in composition to achieve the same result.

[@byronlangdon7215]

This is a great channel, I am currently working on the desiccant air conditioner using peltier for the heating and cooling, and a thine baffle with ceramic resonance atomizers to mix the air on regeneration and dehumidifing areas.

[@anthonyblacker8471]

Really wonderful presentation here.. I'm SO happy I found (was directed towards) your channel!! Thank you for sharing your years of knowledge with us. I've been a scientist at heart my entire life - a self taught engineer in practice with a love of all things mysterious.

[@Nuovoswiss]

For those curious, scrubbing the sulfur dioxide out of racing nitrous should be as simple as bubbling it through a saturated sodium carbonate solution (long-boiled baking soda). Might require 2-3 passes/chambers, and an activated carbon filter at the end for good measure. Such a set-up could also be used for a DIY re-breather, though as the oxygen depletes there is a risk of passing out and dying without realizing the O2 is low.

[@FinalGlideAus]

One of these days I just want you to do something simple like making a peanut butter sandwich combined with your usual commentary. 45 minutes explaining the chemical bond between the bread and peanut butter. “Ok so I’m going attach the peanut butter to the bread in 3…2…1…”

[@kathrynck]

This sounds like something I would do... There's really only 3 primary variables in the making of a good PB&J: - the structural integrity of the bread - the viscosity of the J (jam typically has a more homogenous viscosity, and is therefore preferred over jelly) - applying the PB and the jam on opposing pieces of bread, to be joined only at the point of completion. This last factor helps immensely with achieving an even spread, and simplifies the assembly process. As well as avoiding any mingling of ingredients in your PB and jam containers. The main advantage though, is that the jam (or jelly) will stick much better to the porous surface of the bread, than it will to peanut butter. In particular since jam and/or jelly is a water based mixture, and peanut butter is an oil based mixture, so jam or jelly tends to slide across peanut butter too easily, which can make spreading it more difficult. So you want to have a peanut butter slice of bread, and a jam (or jelly) slice of bread, which will come together on final assembly. The spreading of the jam on the bare bread also helps to push it into the tiny irregularities in the surface of the bread, to achieve a more secure fitting of the jam material. The jam (or jelly), has a temperature dependent viscosity. And often there's a small amount of fluid separation over longer term storage. So you'll want to make sure your jam or jelly is chilled to around 5 degrees centigrade to increase it's viscosity. And prior to opening the container, you'll want to shake up the jam or jelly rather vigorously in order to re-mix any fluid separation. Alternatively, you can open the container and carefully pour out any separated liquid, but even then you will want to shake the container after re-closing it. Now there's a few ways to increase the structural integrity of the bread. Obviously, you can get a somewhat more dense bread, which will resist tearing to a greater degree. Or, on a somewhat lower budget, you can make cheap bread have greater structural integrity by lightly toasting it, or even laying it out in open air for about an hour before using it to make your sandwich, so that it slightly hardens. For a more filling sandwich with a generally better texture and flavor though, a slightly more costly, more dense bread is actually preferable. Multi-grain breads also offer increased structural integrity, as well as a lower glycemic index, which is generally more healthy, not to mention having a somewhat more varied nutrient content. Here in the lab today we have some Dave's Bread, more specifically their 21 grain "killer" bread. This is a very dense bread, with a large amount of multi-grain and texture, and the fibrous material which makes up the multi grain tends to increase it's structural integrity, so we won't need to do any toasting or spend any time forcing the bread to go stale to increase it's structural integrity. And while this particular bread is very flavorful, it remains in the general flavor range of a white bread, so you don't have to worry about flavor contamination. Spreading is highly dependent on the shape of the applicator. For the peanut butter, we're going to use a typical butter knife, but we'll be using the straight flat spine of the knife, rather than the rounded edge, to achieve a more even dispersion. However, once that even dispersion is achieved, you'll want to push the spread slightly to the periphery, in order to provide a more firm support for the less structurally stable jam. Also it can be useful to deliberately roughen the surface slightly to create more surface area for the jam to bond to when final assembly occurs. Now there's a large debate in the industry about whether to include or exclude the crust in a PB&J sandwich. Generally, the crust adds a great deal of structural integrity to the sandwich, as well as providing a more rigid barrier to help eliminate leakage of the Jam. But some breads have a crust which tastes mostly like burned glucose, and that can adversely effect the flavor of the resulting sandwich. The best solution we have found here in the lab, is to simply get a bread which has a better tasting crust, allowing us to benefit from the structural integrity of the crust-wall around the periphery of the sandwich, while avoiding the potential flavor pitfalls which some bread crusts entail. If you were going to use a cheap bread and remove the crust, you'd want to do that as a final step after sandwich assembly, so that the crust could help maintain bread structural integrity during the spreading phase. And the applied force of cutting off the crust would press the more fluid contents of the sandwich inward, rather than outward, and avoid leakage of the contents. But we're using a bread with a higher quality crust, so we won't need to worry about removing it in this example...

[@pauleohl]

@@kathrynck tl/dr......but I did laugh after the first paragraph.

[@davedjl3387]

@@kathrynck You freak.. I

[@davedjl3387]

I'd like to dare that you missed! or chose not to include the calorie content and elemental associates. I trust you make one hell of a P&J.

[@kathrynck]

@@davedjl3387 hehehe

[@DynamicUnreality]

"So lets do nitrous. Or I should say, lets talk about nitrous." I almost spit out my drink from that deadpan delivery of the rare joke, it was great. Also, I always love the level of detail in these videos. Going to use nitrous as rocket fuel oxidizer? Here's everything you need to know about bottled nitrous, including how the tanks work, how to mount them to improve their efficiency in car racing, how to fill them (and heres another completely detailed process for just that, including the equipment), why to fill them by weight and not overfill by volume, sizes of tanks, the proper angle and orientation to utilize every drop... and thats literally just getting started. He leaves almost nothing to "common knowledge" or common sense, but I still dont feel talked down to, or treated as ignorant, and that is one of the finest lines to balance in all human interactions.

[@skf957]

Fantastic stuff. Really well filmed, presented and explained. Didn't think I'd stay for the full vid, but at the end wanted more! Thank you.

[@IllIlllI]

KZbin: “you can’t just post a video making a bomb” This guy: “fully functioning rocket tutorial, take it or leave it!”

[@seanwatts8342]

HEY, STOP! You're confusing the algorithm.

[@snakezdewiggle6084]

And, it's NOT a bomb. It's Radical Dehydration ;)

[@JCGver]

@@snakezdewiggle6084 It's not a bomb, it's just rapid exothermic sublimation in an enclosed vessle

[@snakezdewiggle6084]

@@JCGver sublimation is only a rumor, never been proven !

[@EUPThatsMe]

The Virgin Galactic craft is carbon fiber - fiber glass, burning NO2 & Rubber, so it's a 1970's corvette that goes up! :P

[@AlthrinSucks]

Loved the video. The explanations were thorough as usual.

[@martinputz8010]

Very interesting! Keep em coming!

[@zachbrenner9959]

Here's to increasing your community engagement

[@carlschiel4754]

"this is a very efficient freezer", then walks away with the door opened 😳

[@TechIngredients]

You see how effecient it has to be?

[@LiborTinka]

the cold air inside is heavier than the air around so it does not escape from chest freezers as easily as it does from the door freezer - that's by design

[@rosen9425]

I knew it would bug the heck out of some people :D we're conditioned towards closing any open fridge or freezer as soon as possible. home appliances even beep at you if you're not quick enough

[@misterhat5823]

@@LiborTinka You watch Technology Connections too.

[@carlschiel4754]

I was trying to be funny. it was like an easter egg hidden in the video.

[@chadh3441]

Kickass! The "let's do some nitrous". had me rolling! Lmao. Great video and the very best description I've ever heard anyone give about how nitrous us used in racing! I got the added bonuses of the many little things that can be done to enhance using this even more. The best educational content across all platforms with the best and most detailed explanations around. This channel deserves a few million more subscribers no doubt! Thank you, and Cheers

[@gabrieldaley5881]

Love the content as always. Thanks!

[@YourLordMobius]

This man talks about nos in a way that lets you know hes got a foxbody sitting in the garage that he takes to the drag strip on the weekend and walks all over everyone with. Aka this isnt his first time playing with this stuff

[@bagelbandit6076]

I’m not sure he is the foxbody type... he is wearing a button up shirt AND it’s buttoned!!!

[@bagelbandit6076]

However I am quite interested in his choice of car for a drag race. I see him with a Datsun 510 bracket racer complete with a knob to set the desired time.

[@midship_nc]

LS swapped volvo wagon

[@nferraro222]

"...and 10 seconds is enough for a dragrace - hopefully" - whatever he's running, it might just have a cage and a chute.

[@bikerfirefarter7280]

'aka' aka 'i.e' for e.g... QED. Sa-V?

[@TurbineResearch]

Mixing nitrous , turbos and piston engines is a good combination

[@Miata822]

Get ya some 'engine rich combustion' that way.

[@jakekiedaisch2279]

@@Miata822 Not if you do it right...

[@Dillbeet]

I appreciate the format of your videos! They’re basically research papers in an easily consumable video! Thank you for the great effort, time, and money put forth to produce these :)

[@TechIngredients]

You're welcome!

[@toastrecon]

Excited for the nozzle fab instructions!

[@johnturner9785]

When you talked about the liquid rocket engine disadvantages, with heat and pressure it reminded me of an real world example of this that I personally experienced in my IB Chem class in high school. We ended up finishing the chemistry book super early and had a lot of time on our hands. Our teacher ended up just doing fun chemical experiments that we would all just do to essentially fill the time (with him I might add). One day he decided to make an Acetylene Welding torch out of a 20 oz Coke Bottle and Bicycle pump tip punched through the cap. This however wasn't the issue. The performance was rather mediocre. First issue, the pump tip was split at the end do the flame was spread rather being concentrated. We decided to take a metal file and cut it to a single hole. Second issue, which was my bright idea, was that we needed Oxygen to be produced the chamber as well in order to create a hotter flame. This was a conclusion since the flame wasn't actually cutting through the metal. This is where things went wrong. Biggest issue was we didn't double check out assumptions before doing it or the worst thing in chemistry was DO THE MATH. So next day rolls around, we had decided to do this and figured out how to produce Acetylene and Oxygen at a 1 to 1 ratio. The only reason I'm here today is luckily we didn't bump up to the 2 liter bottle like we originally planned and made a larger mixture. So we put new tip in drop everything in and we're off to the races. It's cutting and I mean you can tell the pressure in it. The flame is also just hot and starts actually cutting the metal. Right about the time we're all pleased with ourselves our teacher goes to say "Wow, this bottle feels a lot hotter than...." *BAM*. At this point, all of us have hit the ground, plastic shrapnel is flying everywhere, and when I say our building heard it they all came looking to see what happened. Like there was a school announcement about it to not be alarmed. Everyone cleans them selves up and doesn't say much. The next day we decided to look up what went wrong. I did the actual combustion calculation, some started researching Acetylene with Oxygen and we reconvene about 30 minutes later. Much to our surprise the ratio of Acetylene is 1 to 2.5 times for Oxygen. Acetylene also by it's nature is unstable. On top of that Acetylene gas must never be drawn from its cylinder at pressures above 15 psi because it can spontaneously and explosively disassociate into its components. This is why acetylene regulator gauges display a red warning arc above 15 psi. Which our best guess it we were far beyond that PSI. All of this combined with the fact that OxyAcetylene is about 10 times more combustible that OxyHydrogen. So glad we didn't do the 2 Liter that day.

[@risdon34]

worth the read

[@alessiosuppo561]

14:30 I swear, I've never seen one of these submersible cookers actually used for it's intended purpose.

[@TechIngredients]

They do work, but I prefer the old fashion grill.😀

[@lagaguga]

The photographers first choice for developing C-41 / E-6 at home :)

[@CapeCodCNC]

Ya just what I want food cooked in a plastic bag.....NOT

[@williamwilliams8145]

@@TechIngredients In season 9 episode 4 of Top gear they used rockets powered by nitrous and silicone rubber to launch a three wheeled car/space shuttle. kzbin.info/www/bejne/pnvHo5-Nh5KsfK8&ab_channel=TopGear Unfortunately I can't find the full episode.

[@hotflashfoto]

Saw the 4th video first, now I'm back to learn how you got there. Great stuff!

[@SlyTreeRat]

One of the best feelings in the world is someone referencing videos that you've already watched and understand everything so clearly because of it

[@michaelblacktree]

One major downside of the NOS rocket: It needs to shift gears 15 times on its way up. 😜

[@Robert_McGarry_Poems]

It don't matter if you win by an inch, or win by a mile, winning is winning.

[@grumpysteelman]

MONNNICCCAAAAA!

[@grumpysteelman]

If you could tip commenters on KZbin, I’d buy you a coffee.

[@michaelblacktree]

LOL thanks

[@00xero]

I get the feeling that you have a passing interest in street racing 😂

[@garmancathotmailcom]

Sounds like he has a pocket full of ricer pink slips.

[@TechIngredients]

Yup.

[@JMSobie]

Guy in Challenger Hellcat: Okay who's gonna get smoked now? (Subaru with Honeywell AGT1500 turboshaft engine creeps up to line) Guy in Challenger Hellcat: Oh, sssshhhiiii----

[@epictales1307]

Awesome as usual! Thanks for all your channel does! You all are simply awesome!!

[@Goemster]

Every video is a treat to watch. Thanks.

[@Timestamp_Guy]

SpaceShipTwo that just took Richard Branson to space uses a nitrous hybrid rocket motor. So, they've been to space. Edit: This was probably filmed before that flight happened, so I don't fault him for not mentioning it. Just wanted that out there.

[@henryefry]

It doesn't go to space as it doesn't cross the karmen line

[@jtjames79]

@@henryefry The Karman line (the one you are talking about) doesn't measure where space starts. The Karman line you are talking about (it changes by jurisdiction, define your terms) is the Federation Aeronauique International's (FAI) regulatory convenience altitude established in the 60s. It only exists to determine agency jurisdiction. Karman himself placed the lower boundary around 80 km. According to NASA space is 50 miles up, give or take a bunch of variables. If you say Spaceship Two didn't go to space then neither did the X-15, and you're going to have to demand they give their astronaut wings back. You're not wrong, because you're not even wrong. Your argument would have to improve just to get to wrong. That's what happens when you carry Jeff Bezos's salty tear water.

[@Timestamp_Guy]

@@henryefry Well, SpaceShipOne actually DID cross the Karman line to win the Ansari X-prize using the same NOS/HTPB hybrid engine design, so the point still stands. Subsequent flights may not have reached the Karman line, but they do cross the 50 mi mark that NASA and USAF use to mark space and award astronaut wings.

[@henryefry]

@@Timestamp_Guy only NASA uses 50 miles, so I don't count that as space. You gotta get to 100km for it to count.

[@henryefry]

Who cares what NASA says no one else uses 50 miles. Everyone except NASA uses 100km. Not officially in space if you don't get into internationally recognized space.

[@kyleeames8229]

“Okay, let’s do nitrous.” Thinks ‘wait, some people actually imbibe this stuff. Poor choice of words.’ “I mean, let’s talk about nitrous.”

[@revoltncock]

Are you worried you’re going to relapse or something?

[@kyleeames8229]

It’s not addictive. LOL Also, the high is kinda lame.

[@dunichtich100]

Really impressive work 👌🏼 Can't wait for the next video 😊🚀

[@mikeburgess7331]

Excellent video. Please keep up the great work!

[@kevinauld6809]

I have never heard of wax as a rocket fuel I'm really looking forward to see how it is formed to work thank you.

[@jerrylong381]

IIRC, one of the land speed record cars (rocket on wheels) trying to break the sound barrier was fueled by wax and hydrogen peroxide, with a side winder rocket strapped on top for that little extra boost. I can't remember if this was the Craig Breedlove car or not.

[@WmSrite-pi8ck]

the brits used it for heating their homes and fueling stoves.

[@kevinauld6809]

@@jerrylong381 it seems to me I should remember that maybe at the time any fuil seamed natural to me.

[@TheRolemodel1337]

36:28 he said on 3 i was very disappointed when i had to wait for 0 to finally see it :< 😂

[@nabilibensobih2632]

Amazing video. One, if not the best, video about rocketry that I have watched so far. I am looking eagerly forward to the next video.

[@scottcrisp6361]

Hey, this stuff is really cool and I appreciate the content!

[@oxullo]

I'd be curious to know why for each nozzle test there's a visible drop in pressure/flow right after the first blast. Thank you very much as always for your insightful videos!

[@alexponting3325]

Possibly some amount of ice crystal formation at the nozzle chokes the flow a bit?

[@oxullo]

@@alexponting3325 I was wondering if it was about temperature drop. Joule-Thomson? But then why the timings of the choke doesn't seem to change between the first nozzle (with probably the smallest diameter) and the others?

[@weinihao3632]

Made me wonder, too. Probably the valve in the solenoid is bouncing.

[@ziggystardog]

I suppose this will add new meaning to the phrase, “light this candle” 🔥 🕯 🚀

[@Robert_McGarry_Poems]

🧴💨🕯️💥🚀

[@csn583]

This just has me wanting to make rocket-fuel-based candles.

[@MBG_Broker]

Just wow. Always top tier videos with a lot of great information. Thank you so much for making these videos.

[@parmindersinghnokewal4215]

Love your videos..... Thanks! Excited to see your next video....

[@iain1969]

That is the most fantastic video I've seen on KZbin! Thank you so much.

[@PappaLitto]

Technically the specific impulse unit is seconds

[@CHS10901]

If you are having too much fun filling the nitrous tanks, you might want to go outside. : )

[@LiborTinka]

fortunately for the denatured stuff, you would likely detect any leak due to the sulfur dioxide - it has a quite sharp smell

[@kirkc9643]

@@LiborTinka I wonder if a respirator filter would removed just the SO2 :-P

[@lordjaashin]

@@kirkc9643 no it cannot.

[@helpabrothawithasubisaiah5316]

@@lordjaashin you can bubble it through lime water and remove it from the gas, you'll likely want to have a multiple bubbler setup

[@lordjaashin]

@@helpabrothawithasubisaiah5316 ya but the person above me isn't talking about that. he is talking about respirator filter which cannot remove gasses like SO2 only particulate filter

[@Electronics61]

As always great professional video.

[@qubuxz]

One of your best videos yet!

[@Roger_Gadd]

Not an original thought: Two rocket scientists walked into a bar. The first said "I'll have a glass of H2O". The second said "I'll have an H2O too". The second rocket scientist died.

[@steveskouson9620]

Over too many people's head. steve

[@cen7ury]

Billy was a chemist, But Billy is no more, What Billy thought was H²O, Was H²SO⁴

[@Roger_Gadd]

@@steveskouson9620 I considered that, but peroxide was referred to in this excellent video and I guessed that some people know the chemical formula of peroxide (and water for that matter) and might not have encountered that joke before.

[@CruzMonrreal]

It occurred to me that the schlieren photography for this might look really cool

[@diegoalonso225]

Thats geting better every time!

[@anthonyhopkin]

Simply inspiring. Thanks and greetings to you and yours.

[@user-zj7zw9fg7v]

I can't decide if its funny or sad that as soon as something can be used for people to get high, it gets regulated, but once it's been fouled enough to stop that, it's a non-issue.

[@LiborTinka]

In EU they also ban anything that can be used by "terrorists" - as if citizens are terrorists by default :(( ... applies to many basic chemicals including nitrates and oxidizers like conc. hydrogen peroxide, chlorates, perchlorates etc. etc. It is sad because their regulations kill hobbyists that may become great engineers later... making people generally less interested in natural sciences or just having any real fun.

[@user-zj7zw9fg7v]

​@@LiborTinka Yeah. As regulations expand, the ability of everyday people to tinker and explore becomes more and more limited. A vague sense of dread seems to be all it takes for something to become restricted beyond the reach of ordinary people.

[@ThePinkPanth3r]

I cant be the only one he just taught the pronunciation of Sous Vide...

[@swake0019]

Sue vee'd ;-) French is a very strange language when it comes to writing things down.

[@eliasandrikopoulos]

Amazing level of detail ! University classroom quality. Excellent video! Thank you.

[@s28400]

Phenomenal series, can't wait to see the next video!

[@TechIngredients]

Tomorrow!

[@richardhead8264]

*6:45* 🍑 🚀 🟠

[@ingecan6331]

Always a pleasure to see your videos, what a quality and details

[@Rcking1110]

Another excellent video. Thank you

[@RobertoAlcantara]

As always great video. Thank you

[@TedBowersoxJr]

INCREDIBLE episode!!! Your teaching style is awesome... wish I could go back to school and have you teach ALL my science classes. Cheers and thanks from California!!

[@stevefridell4555]

I sure love your channel- you are a man after my own heart! The first time I made nitroglycerin I was in the third grade.

[@ZoonCrypticon]

Fantastic video! Thanks a lot!

[@glennkoenig6078]

What an outstandingly polished presentation of the science guiding the design considerations and selecting the optimal components, Can't wait to see the next installments. You had me at "OK".

[@DBurgur]

Very informative, well planned and superbly executed presentation of the different types of rocket propellants, proper methods for using racing-industry NO2, and testing of spray patterns.

[@rickrutledge7361]

Great info. Great channel. Thank you.

[@burntorangeak]

I have been eagerly looking forward to this day since you first announced your rocketry program. Thank you.

[@Gargamel4530]

Super intresting! Thanks you, now impatiently waiting for the next video

[@H2ydrogen]

Impressive and thorough as always :)

[@harolddavies1984]

This hybrid system was something I had never tried. Your information and procedures are Very important & so completely practical. Thank you.

[@ailijic]

Great episode, thank you for going into detail about the nozzles.

[@satyris410]

I'm smart enough to enjoy this vicariously through you guys!