The 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry - Periodic Table of Videos

[@periodicvideos]

Catch our list of Nobel Prize videos from over the years: bit.ly/periodicnobel

[@fukpoeslaw3613]

where are 2016 and 2017?

[@RoastCDuck]

Would bacteriophages replace Anti biotics or are those used for other purposes?

[@shruthim5180]

Professor Poliakoff, you're the only reason I want to come to Nottingham to pursue Chemistry. Since a really really really long time it has been my dream to meet you. Thanks a lot Brady, for helping Chemistry enthusiasts such as myself to connect in ideas and information

[@periodicvideos]

Nice to hear from you!

[@shruthim5180]

@@periodicvideos :)

[@jameskitching6187]

It is a great place to study, i am in my second year, love it 😁.

[@shruthim5180]

@@jameskitching6187 Nice! Tell me more!!!

[@shonaoneill5151]

This is exciting science, so much has and is happening in my lifetime, a great period to be alive.

[@timkuefer1523]

Check out Blockchain Technology! Its absolutly amazing, the web 3.0 is in development right now!

[@mickmickymick6927]

When will we be able to reverse aging?

[@timkuefer1523]

@@mickmickymick6927 Elon Musk talks about that in the Interview with Joe Rogan, pretty interesting. AI is scary

[@zebunker]

Maybe this is the only period in which you could possibly be alive, if humans are really alive.

[@dakota5569]

So basically she has developed an evolution algorithm (process) for developing and evolving enzymes. That's pretty cool.

[@RadeticDaniel]

In statistics and computer science, this method is called "genetic algorithm". See it applied to produce enzymes is quite a return to its origins and inspiration

[@biologistvonriemann3580]

@@RadeticDaniel Aren't genetic algorithms a subclass of evolutionary algorithms anyway ?

[@cush6827]

Hence the Nobel prize.

[@seanleith5312]

Nobel prize is not it used to be. They gave Osama one for free. You know cheap it had became.

[@mikesummers-smith4091]

THE CHEMIST'S PRAYER Oh Lord, I pray upon my knees, That my organic syntheses, May no longer be inferior, To those conducted by bacteria. (Not by me; won a 1960s prize competition in IIRC J.Org.Chem,)

[@Ballacha]

inorganic chemistry hasn't had a nobel prize in decades, literally. i want to know why. bias in the prize committee? not enough people working with inorganic molecules? not enough breakthroughs? why then?

[@Croxmata]

Depends on how you define it. There have been Nobel Prizes given out for new analytical methods that can become useful in inorganic chemistry. Also the Nobel Prize of 2011 for quasicrystals was very much inorganic chemistry.

[@andyyag9623]

Same can be said for plasma physics, only one has been awarded for magnetohydrodynamics. No breakthroughs into uncharted territory, no essential problems solved, advancements comparatively have less of an impact on daily life, unpopular field, less people working on it.

[@theburningtoastmonsterofur7028]

Im working twards an inorganic chemestry degree

[@ksilebo]

Since there is no price for molecular biotechnology, they have to give out the chemestry one for them. Biotechnology can really help people, its helps fight cancer and develops drugs etc etc. Alfred Nobel wanted to have the price go to people that make the most contribution and help mankind the most, so thats why inorganic chemists or "salt-guys" how i call em dont get the price

[@SpritoftheStairwell]

The selection committee works pretty much exclusively on biology applications... One would think a committee for such a broad topic would have more diverse research interests.

[@ProfezorSnayp]

Biology is just applied chemistry. Chemistry is just applied physics. Physics is just applied math. Math is just applied magic.

[@timothyalabi]

and logic is applied philosophy

[@sandeepshastry6647]

Superb

[@JanboelPe]

@@timothyalabi math and philosophy are both applied logic

[@senselessnothing]

Logic is not unique though. There are many logical calculi.

[@DANGJOS]

Math is applied logic

[@AshishGupta-ql9lq]

as a biochemistry student i never felt more welcome at periodic videos

[@SunriseFireberry]

At least they awarded the chem prize this year, which is more 'n I can say for lit. Congrats to Arnold, Smith & Winter.

[@shonaoneill5151]

Agreed, chemistry is in my opinion the most important of the sciences. It should/must be recognised as such.

[@hassanes3360]

@@shonaoneill5151 I think that chosing the 'most important' field is wrong because science is complementary and effectively they're all the same focus of the same study.

[@twixeater1]

@@shonaoneill5151 The kind of work that won the prizes this year shows us that thinking of chemistry as a self-contained field is short-sighted. So much of modern science is the interface between engineering, biology, chemistry, and physics. If we pigeonhole ourselves into categories, we unnecessarily stifle ourselves and intellectual output. I say this as a scientist working at the interface of physical chemistry, engineering, and microbiology :p

[@shonaoneill5151]

@@hassanes3360 I understand what you are saying, but the field of chemistry is allowing new drugs to be developed that save lives, geology doesn't do this, nor physics etc etc. I am interested in chemistry especially because the development are always ongoing and massive, it changes lives for the better. Sure Physics is great, I love engineering and mechanics too. But for me Chemistry far out ways in the development of all the other sciences, in what is truly important. Just as a quick note, it was down to Physics to create nuclear fuel, and yet it is down to chemistry to clean up the mess that those fools left! This is just my opinion, feel free to disagree. We are all here to have a friendly debate.

[@hassanes3360]

@@shonaoneill5151 Imagine us without the discovery of electricity and engines and other things and also you're unifying chemistry and another Nobel for Medicine. Not all Chemistry is health based

[@kelz4384]

I have so much respect for you professor, you explain everything so well and I've learned more from you than I ever did at school, thank you💕

[@snowballeffect7812]

Wow, both awards are for some pretty insane science. I can't wait to see their applications in the mainstream.

[@bumpty9830]

"Mainstream applications," in our present profit-worshiping society, are generally commercial and kept secret in the name of higher profits. If you can't wait, vote against capitalists at every opportunity.

[@snowballeffect7812]

@@bumpty9830 Well, how would they profiteer off this technology if they don't make it marketable or useful in some way?

[@shallfrisch1]

Matthew Went straight communist quicker than the collapse of a wave function upon measurement.

[@Thatguywithlogic]

Phage display is definitely mainstream already!

[@ericgulseth74]

What these two winners did sounds extremely similar to what a biofuels company I used to work for does. Specifically the modifying of cells to get the desired enzyme and the "treadmill" used to achieve that. Also the peptide markers used to identify the modified organisms from the second half.

[@knumbtummy]

I'm always so excited to see uploads from the professor =D

[@LiborTinka]

I feel we finally move towards green chemistry - enzymes can do organic reactions with extreme efficiency and ease, no petrochemicals and multi-step processes are needed. So exciting. It's like solar cells vs photosynthesis. One requires many materials (some rare), chemicals and lots of energy to manufacture and is quite inefficient. The other is done by a simple plant you can grow in a pot and is extremely efficient.

[@NCF19XX]

Listened to Francis Arnold speak at the ACS national conference this year and it was great. Only thing is I feel like it’s more bio then chemistry since it’s all based around enzymes for chemistry.

[@foxxygearreviews7754]

The future of this is that we will develop a rapid protein sequencing system for tumor biopsies - find a target protein that isn’t found in healthy cells, then use this technology to build and replicate an antibody. We then tag the antibody to a beta-emitter so you can target radiotherapy directly to the lesion without harming healthy tissue. I wish medical science would start following Moore’s law and leap ahead the way computer science has - I’m guessing it will be forty years before we can actually routinely apply this science in a practical everyday oncology scenario.

[@MrMoo272]

That's crazy, she's basically taming and domesticating enzymes, selectively reproducing the ones with useful properties and getting rid of the ones with unwanted properties, just like how you would selectively breed an animal for domestication or a plant for better yields. It's so simple yet a genius idea

[@mattpet7913]

That would be really handy for assemetric stereoisomer synthesis

[@zoeingold4666]

Aside from this being really awesome science thankyou for raising the issues surrounding gender equality in STEM subjects. Visible role models such as Francis are so important and can make enormous differences to people's choices. Unfortunately the world isn't a utopia and discussions that recognise science and politics have to work together need to happen more often.

[@timdunk7278]

Fascinating stuff and excellent description. Thank you.

[@kourivi]

Thank you all of you and not only me everyone proud of you 😊 i loved to be a professor 😊

[@PedroDelimaMarcano]

Nice to see you professor. Great way to start the week.

[@sniperammow4865]

I have always wanted to get a Nobel prize in physics, too bad I am stupid

[@BassForever44]

hahahahahaha. You still can learn physics for your own amusement and pleasure, which in the long run is much more important than the prize.

[@sniperammow4865]

@@BassForever44 yea but i still want to be an engineer or high school science teacher. but 79 is not going to get me into much :(

[@BassForever44]

Who cares? Go for it!! If it makes you happy, it’ll make others happy

[@bluehues1600]

Please make a video about nobel prize in chemistry 2019

[@muhdzafri7551]

You are a great professor

[@ProfezorSnayp]

Not as great as Doomblehdoar.

[@muhdzafri7551]

@@ProfezorSnayp True but he's a fictional charactah.

[@alias40anon]

I came to learn some science, read the comments and left with a little fewer brain cells quickly to prevent further damage. Thank you Mesdammes et Monsieurs

[@alanna4858]

Love this channel long time! Always love the content. Make 1000000 more x

[@periodicvideos]

Thank you.

[@comradechris7975]

Biological science always manages to hurt my head

[@duxangus]

I saw a presentation by Francis Arnold at University Nebraska-Lincoln a month or so ago

[@veerabhadra3322]

Sir I really love your channel , and I learn 104 elements and their use ,I it is all because your effects and grate idea ,I from India and your channel is recommended to all my friends and they are all get the knowledge about chemistry. If my English is wrong please sorry sir .and tanks sir.

[@celtgunn9775]

Bacteriaphages saved the life of a gentleman, I forget who he was. But I remember him. He was deathly sick! On his deathbed. This treatment absolutely saved him. It took a long time for him to recover, but he did! This scientist saved him.

[@mistertheguy3073]

Tina Abrahamson your comment reads like a poem, it has great rhythm.

[@MrMG43]

Wait a minute, biofuel like ethanol? Meaning we might eventually be able to get an enzyme that directly converts sugar to ethanol? As a homebrewer this blows my mind.

[@brboLikus]

OK, I know I misheard it, but "ninjaneer" is a heck of a name for the awarded scientists!!

[@kevinslater4126]

The more advanced chemistry becomes the more I'm convinced we live in a fantasy science fiction series.

[@swingardium706]

The people that are complaining about all the references to the fact that Frances Arnold is a woman: she did not win the Nobel Prize because she is a woman, she won it because she is an incredible chemist. The video references her gender to a) motivate more women to study STEM subjects, and b) show how far we've come with regards to gender equality in research awards.

[@SophiaAstatine]

Glad someone understands it. Although if those encouraged women scroll down into the comment section of this video. They might very quickly find the Jihadwatch fanboy Tacos Obscure attacking them for even believing they can be part of science.

[@ericl1421]

An industry has become obsessed with a persons genitals. Progressive: Progress, it's in the name.

[@SophiaAstatine]

@@ericl1421 It was always obsessed with genitals. But supposedly its different genitals now.

[@ciaphascyne8866]

the more brains that work on a problem the faster it gets solved. its just that simple, folks! help your brothers and sisters and they will help you.

[@xCorvus7x]

The question is why anybody should care about gender differences in sciences (or try to change them) and bringing more women into sciences (aside from the fact that they outnumber men in some sciences or science-related fields, and alot of other fields already). This is not 1900. Women and men have the same academic opportunities (actually, there are more female than male students), everything else should be up to personal preference, interest. So what is the point of going further than pointing out an example of awarding equality?

[@stormeliuzv7270]

I love these videos you are making. Really great work!

[@danielortega2441]

Finally You covered this

[@jdospassos]

Wait there, 4:05, as if engineering is not science. They are the Oompa Loompas of science :) ...This channel is just amazing :)

[@omikronweapon]

lol. Trying to validate engineers by saying they're Oompa Loompas XD I'm sure they'd love to be compared to them.

[@bumpty9830]

So, it's a sort of biological version of optimization by "genetic algorithms", which in turn are sort of a computational version of biological evolution. Or, from another angle, it's not much more than a breeding program.

[@RandomSime]

How are the mutations in the viral DNA created? Are they manually edited in, or are they hit with radiation, or do the mutations occur naturally over generations?

[@doodelay]

I hope there's a special type of Nobel which represents that it's a part of a whole. That way every scientist can take their Nobel home with them

[@jcortese3300]

They're not just developing drugs -- they're evolving them. Veddy interesting.

[@af8828]

where can i get that tie

[@vblaas246]

Offended by the static cartoon of the protein, should have been an animation. Look up Drew Berry. Bravo Frances Arnold!

[@andrewstirling2051]

Was the prize literally cut into the appropriate segments?

[@DeconvertedMan]

awesome stuff!

[@Rayzersword]

Watching this in May 2020 "Viruses are not particularly friendly." Yeah, tell me about it xD

[@superscatboy]

I feel like biologists inspired computer scientists to create genetic algorithms, and now the biologists are taking the idea back into their own work. And dude that's awesome.

[@nonofyabidnez5737]

Fascinating as always

[@epincion]

Excellent. Thanks for this.

[@Leon-kf2tx]

You are a great teacher.

[@petercarioscia9189]

Who would dislike this?!

[@phonotical]

You'd think they could just make three medals

[@kromit]

This basically machine learning applied to enzymes

[@TheVeryHungrySingularity]

This is so fascinating

[@PajamaMan44]

Another chemistry prize given to biology. Great

[@shallfrisch1]

Biological chemistry is chemistry.

[@fukpoeslaw3613]

It's all physics.

[@martinwood744]

I think I should be awarded the Nobel prize for inventing the silent bicycle.

[@alkylester5385]

Chemistry must be Respected.............

[@tomicron]

heyyy, can someone explaijn me that light momentum thing? is it also mass times velocity? if so, which is it's mass? or is it just momentum depending on it's direction of propagation?

[@shallfrisch1]

light does and does not have mass depending on how one conceptualizes what 'mass' means, google for more information.

[@Macieks300]

Are you going to make this year's Nobel Prize videos for physics and others as well?

[@periodicvideos]

We will do the physics one on Sixty Symbols (our physics channel) kzbin.info

[@syahrulfachrudin6890]

I thought it was computational but its enzyme

[@medcologytutorials2636]

Omg I was eagerly waiting for this video 📹. I love how the professor simplifies tough concepts and he is my role model who inspired to take up science teaching as a career. I definitely believe Professor and the preodic table videos team will win the Nobel prize 🏆 for popularization of science. 😇

[@Roxor128]

Say, was the 1935 winner related to the 1911 winner or is it just a coincidence of naming?

[@AguaFluorida]

And both lucky chancers, the pair of 'em...

[@GRosa]

They're related: mother and daughter. I wonder if their descendants are still around.

[@HisameArtwork]

Love these videos, thanks for making them ^_^

[@cush6827]

The life story of Frances Arnold is quite sad. So many early deaths.

[@plutoniumproductions1698]

Truely loved the video...

[@emelgiefro]

Our dear professor looks like he has a nobel prize

[@SeducingJackel]

1:21 looks like my living room floor after Christmas morning... kids eh

[@theultimatereductionist7592]

Everything is math + moving atoms around.

[@ijunkie]

Imagine how much more advanced we would be if science had progressed on more than half of the available brain power.

[@dwurry1]

The technique of modifying enzymes is really similar to how machine learning bots are made in computer science.

[@shallfrisch1]

evolution through non-random selection.

[@trodenn4977]

Is it related to the crispr?

[@JonathanTash]

4:11 What Frances Arnold did was amazing, but you don't seem to care about anything, except for the fact that "she is a woman". That's very sexist thinking. What's more important is that Frances is a individual person who is dedicated to her personal interest! Labeling yourself with a group identity, limits you to living as a representative of that group, and completely disregards your personal passions and accomplishments. When it comes to how outstanding a person is, gender should not matter, and so, it should not not be taken into account.

[@theburningtoastmonsterofur7028]

Um...

[@ronaldderooij1774]

True. But it is not the way the human psyche works.

[@CelticSaint]

The 'Identity Politics' rubbish has infected all of our universities.

[@C0deH0wler]

The 'Identity Politics rubbish' has been here for a loooong time. They didn't ban women from academia for no reason back in the day. Nor did fellow students harshly shame and dismiss works of women just because. They went even as far as to explicitly criticize their work just because of their status in society. That is identity politics, and it is not a non-issue. It hurts individuals, it hurts the progress of the field, it hurts families, it hurts the economy.

[@texasdeeslinglead2401]

Yes , and thank you .

[@Baamthe25th]

It's a bit like they created GMOs or computer scientist generate algorithms, then ? Selecting the best, rince and repeat.

[@bumpty9830]

Yeah. Old fashioned selective breeding, the type that produced our "heirloom" tomatoes, for example, also works the same way.

[@dathstar]

How and ware do i summit a paper for Nobel Prize?

[@Milo-pn1zy]

Dank

[@MOHMH-ly8qu]

The fact that women percentage doesn’t equal to men means nothing because that is what you expect when the society is behaving normally since people decide what they want based on their preferences not based on evening the numbers of each gender or each race

[@twixeater1]

I mean, there's also the fact that that these prizes have been awarded since a time when gender roles were very different, and women were largely excluded from the pursuit of academic greatness. If women can't go into science, they cannot Nobel prizes. I like to think there'd be a higher percentage of female winners if academia had been accessible to all for longer.

[@nagertwi1]

Yes, but having more women (i.e more people) working in scientific fields can only be a positive thing.

[@PersimmonHurmo]

@@nagertwi1 That is sexist. The more women are the in scientific fields, the less men. The academia cannot employ everyone in the world, somebody has to work in other sectors. If one claims that women and men are equally intelligent, then the quality of the scientific fields by such logic will not change. In fact *MORE* does *NOT* equal better. Quantity does not make quality.

[@1Higgs0Boson1]

Biggus Richardus you are right, but I believe what is being referenced here is what people have been trying to push for the last few years, which is increasing female rates in STEM fields. In physics, IT etc. (not chemistry if I remember correctly) women rates are rather low, and for some reason people think this is a problem. What they fail to see though is that in an individualist society individuals can make their own choices, even women, believe it or not. And women seem on average less interested in the natural sciences, so they persue other carreer choices. If we look at academia in general, there is a rather large bias towards females, indicating no other reason than interest. Yet noone seems to have a problem with low male rates in academia. Again, this stems most likely from interest and personal choices.

[@kartoffelmozart]

I think it's pretty clear to everyone by now that the preference of science to men, and the absence of preference with women is due to cultural stigmas and norms, and not due to actual preference. So by destroying these norms and stigmas we can open up more occupations to everyone, and we can all be free to pursue our actual preferences, not our current cultural norms. Trying and engage more women into science is just opening up general free will and freedom to all sexes. :)

[@jamesprince571]

I hate that pure chemistry is not getting the Nobel prize like before 🙄😑

[@twixeater1]

That's because interdisciplinary work is the future of science, really. It's only when we step out of our little prescriptive boxes that we realise the full potential of what we can do with science

[@Inuyasha10121]

Except that it is pure chemistry, just with the use of a biocatalyst instead of a "traditional" organic catalyst. Inorganic chemists do something similar by doing ligand swapping around their metal center cores. It's more difficult to predict changes in the context of a biocatalyst though, but the contributions made by Frances make it a viable and rapid method of developing proteins as potent biocatalysts. The goal isn't/wasn't to change metabolic pathways, it was to take interesting reactions from biology and make them work in a chemical context. Plus, biocatalysts are green, relatively easy to express and purify, and are incredibly regio, stereo, and chemo selective. Granted I'm biased, since I work in a lab headed by an alumni of Frances' lab. Bio-inspired, yes, but the application is pure chemistry.

[@jamesprince571]

Still lot of breakthrough inventions r made in chemistry like in organic inorganic and physical, but y those chemist not getting Nobel prize??.. only those biology related scientist receiving for past few years 😒

[@ragushel2201]

Define "pure" chemistry because you come across as painfully ignorant

[@kirigayatoshiro2793]

The phage technique could it be used to cure cancer?!

[@stefanoleidi1006]

Lets gooo un italiana in periodic video!!!

[@thinkingape7655]

Brilliant! 🤘

[@whoeveriam0iam14222]

if you win less than a full Nobel Prize do they cut the medal?

[@Nawmps]

Exploiting the "intelligence", or the basic rules of evolution as a basis for an almost AI like development of these enzymes. Incredible to see it actually being done.

[@bumpty9830]

It's interesting that you mention AI. There is a computational version of this idea that's been around for a few decades called "genetic algorithms."

[@demoror5585]

Nature learning?

[@djscottdog1]

yest that can survive higher alcohol contents would help a lot, bioethonol.

[@aviddavid8793]

Damn think about photosyntises.

[@conorgallagher746]

Francesca paradisi 😍 best lecturer ever

[@XMeK]

"This video features Martyn Poliakoff, Francesca ..." - Shouldn't that be Sir Martyn Poliakoff?

[@periodicvideos]

I didn’t put Sir Gregory Winter so thought it was only fair to drop Martyn’s too. ;)

[@TomatoBreadOrgasm]

@@periodicvideos Well it's NOT! SIR Martyn!

[@PersonaRandomNumbers]

Sir Dr. Martyn Poliakoff, please! Don't just drop titles willy nilly.

[@TomatoBreadOrgasm]

@@PersonaRandomNumbers Oh no, you're right! I have shamed myself!

[@twixeater1]

@@PersonaRandomNumbers Isn't it Professor Sir Martyn Poliakoff, if you're using the correct form?

[@herrfleischgewehr]

very, very interesting.

[@sarpuppy5415]

women are already professor from the beginning of life

[@iliyan44]

That mac is making my eyes hurt

[@eNodeTG]

5:44 Hey! Vsauce here!

[@GreesyGG]

Who cares if their isnt many females, it dosent matter

[@Falco.]

Grande Francesca Paradisi

[@shantanu.3924]

Surerbacha

[@carl8790]

I'm guessing nothing had happened during 2016 and 2017?

[@MountainFisher]

And people wonder what I do as a bio-engineer.

[@electronicsNmore]

We need more people like them, and less ambulance chasing lawyers!

[@bumpty9830]

After capitalism gives way to democracy, the ratio will balance itself out.

[@yergot3077]

Happy birthday Bob Ross

[@thomas.02]

Nanomachines will have much overlap with - heck, indifferentiable from - molecular biology