The Active Volcano in Tonga; Niuafoʻou

The recent highly explosive eruption of Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai has brought additional attention to other volcanoes in the nation of Tonga. One of these other volcanoes is a massive ring shaped island covered in recent lava flows. I am not referring to the similar looking Tofua volcano, but rather the Niuafo'ou volcano. Unlike Tofua, the volcano is not a stratovolcano but rather a shield volcano. Thus, many of its eruptions are relatively peaceful, although some have impacted the island's settlements.
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0:00 Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai
0:16 Niuafoʻou
0:51 An Interesting Find
1:24 Geologic Setting
1:55 Geologic History
3:10 Recent Eruptions
Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers
Thumbnail Photo Credit: Google Earth, Image Landsat / Copernicus, Image © 2023 Maxar Technologies, Image © 2023 CNES / Airbus

[@GeologyHub]

Despite being a picturesque shield volcano, Niuafoʻou has produced large volume explosive eruptions in the past. Although previous eruptions may have been as much as a VEI 6, we only have a VEI 4 confirmed eruption in 1886. Living on this island is a very risky business considering how close settlements are to historical vents.

[@jameshughes131]

Hey hub you are on to something because the last solar minimum was between your suggested timeframe. And we are now 2 years into a new low solar period know as the Eddy minimum which is known to make volcanoes explode

[@jmarth523]

@@jameshughes131 source?

[@outlawbillionairez9780]

Have there been ongoing earthquakes in the general area of these volcanoes, indicating tectonic plate activity?

[@jameshughes131]

@@jmarth523 sources lol. Nazi KZbin doesn't allow us to link to sources.

[@jameshughes131]

@@outlawbillionairez9780 the Eddy minimum aka mini ice age aka low or no solar activity is a period of natural events that is recorded in history and are repeating. The last solar minimum in the 1700s froze over the Thames river where before it was not frozen. There was a time when summers felt non existent.

[@toakasetaufoou8881]

Thank you for the coverage of volcanoes in my island of Tonga. We were taught that Tongatapu was made of coral. Thank you for the updates 🙏 🇹🇴

[@adimereseininaimaidreketir5945]

Another factual comment. From atoll islands coral limestone to volcanic activities in just few years. Now that is GOD pollution of various sorts

[@StuffandThings_]

Niuafo'ou has got to be one of my favorite volcanoes of the Pacific. The fact that its the only subaerial feature on a whole microplate, that wonderful ring shape, the back-arc nature and the nice effusive eruptions are all just so satisfying. Hopefully it stays gentle in the future.

[@CGMB777]

likely, but you never can tell, its what makes life exciting.!!!!

[@CAT-ow8oh]

Love the coverage of these Tonga volcanos

[@adriennefloreen]

Nice KZbin name and picture.

[@Hoopaball]

Tsunami on Mango island one day before the Tonga eruption. kzbin.info/www/bejne/j17JnWmnfJqDms0

[@adriennefloreen]

It's so interesting that people live on all these islands, that would be the equivalent of us living at the tops of all the volcanic mountains right near the peak and crater if they were not mostly underwater. I'd love to visit islands like this, that are actually the tops of mostly underwater volcanoes. I'd feel safer if I had a boat, small private plane, or helicopter than if I got somehow dropped off there with no immediate way to leave if it started erupting. Like the video I recently watched about the island where a volcano is pretty much always active, and a ferry comes once a day to take people to/from the island, would basically force me to have to stay there for the night if I visited and that wouldn't make me feel safe.

[@thecrow3747]

I live in Rotorua New Zealand it’s the only city inside an active volcano

[@kc3718]

maybe think again, and read about the White Island disaster in New Zealand, helicopters and boats are not going to help you. What you are proposing is like walking down the barrel of a loaded gun.

[@spencerdowney1379]

Naples in Italy is in an active volcano as well

[@kenromine]

I lived in Tonga for three months on happi

[@Dranzerk8908]

I mean you got to think differently, its in geological time frame. To put in perspective, its like saying you are scared to living in the USA because of Yellowstone. Which chances are no one living today will ever see a eruption anyways.

[@wes52101]

I really enjoy your videos. One of the things I like most is your willingness to get the pronunciation of names right. Too few in the western world bother to do that, but it's important.

[@Dranzerk8908]

Another interesting fact is the lakes are actually TWO lakes, and one lake is salt water and other is fresh water ABOVE sealevel. The deepest lake is almost 300 feet deep!

[@jmarth523]

Awesome video. Keep it up man!

[@heywaitaminute1984]

Love your channel, it's so informative. Would you be able to do a piece on the Canadian volcanoes please? If I heard correctly, some of the hot springs around Jasper and Radium are heating up. I'm very curious about our volcanoes. Thank you.

[@GeologyHub]

I plan to complete my volcano series within Canada (which has 21 volcanoes). It appears that the hot springs you are referencing are similar to those found in Arkansas. Not volcanic but instead caused by groundwater return from a few kilometers down in the crust

[@dim_pizza]

hey i have a suggestion for a topic for a video, (i could be wrong) but i dont think you have done a story yet on the underwater volcano marsili next to italy. I think it would be interesting to see your take on this volcano!

[@tmkinikini]

A more correct pronunciation for Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai is WHO-NGAH TOE-NGAH WHO-NGAH HAW-AW-PIE. Thanks for covering our island's volcanoes. I am learning a lot from you.

[@akfroggie2177]

Niuafo'ou is sometimes called 'Tin Can Island' because there's no harbor, so the mail used to be dropped from the air in ration cans. I went there back in 1988, before there was regular air service, on an old boat called the "Fokololo 'oe Ha'u", aka The Floating Coffin, which was coffin shaped because it was actually a riverboat and didn't have a keel. It took us four days from Nuku'alofa, and it was quite a trip. When the seas got high, the boat got launched into the air and came crashing back down on the water with a huge rattle and thud. When we reached the anchorage at Futu, on the west side of the island, we had to ferry ashore in dugout canoes weighted down with all manner of produce. They just tossed everything out of the boat into the canoes and then piled the passengers on top and rowed through the waves to the stone landing site. From there, I hiked all over the island, explored the shore of the Vai Lahi lake in the center, with its sulfur vents, visited the tiny friendly villages, and camped out on the crater rim. What an amazing place!

[@sherryjohnson7313]

WOW 😳 just WOW 😳

[@akfroggie2177]

@@sherryjohnson7313 It was a great adventure! For awhile, they started up regular flights, so it may now be possible to reach the island much more easily. Worthwhile if you ever have the chance to go!

[@sherryjohnson7313]

@@akfroggie2177 Thank you ‼️

[@hestheMaster]

This is the only place to find out about volcanoes with information that is as accurate as possible. Welcome. Thanks GH

[@mwheape]

I love your presentations! Thank you for all of this information. I love geology, particularly volcanos. Your presentations are like... Nectar of the gods to me.

[@tHebUm18]

Been watching a lot of your videos since finding the channel after the recent Tonga eruption; good stuff! Could you do some videos on the volcanoes of Africa not near the rift valley portion? Think one video had a map with a bunch in the Sahara Desert where I never knew there was volcanoes.

[@sixthsenseamelia4695]

🌱🌏💚 Tongan trench/Kermadec Arc stretches over 2300kms towards NZ. There's many volcanos in various stages of development. Known for large eruptions. (Havre seamount for example) Fiji/Vanuatu is also a part of this subduction system.

[@adimereseininaimaidreketir5945]

Finally a factual comment.

[@Hoopaball]

Tsunami on Mango island one day before the Tonga eruption. kzbin.info/www/bejne/j17JnWmnfJqDms0

[@sixthsenseamelia4695]

@@Hoopaball Thank you very much for sharing this video! 👍

[@richardwasserman]

My wife and I love your channel. We would like some info on the landforms in southwest Sulawesi. There are karsts which appear to be limestone mostly. As they erode they reveal huge, rounded boulders which look like basalt and are aphaneritic. Have these boulders been formed from pillow lava that has been scraped off during subduction? And where and when has subduction occured? We have been wondering (especially my wife) about this for years and can't exactly find a answer. Thank you so much.

[@GeologyHub]

I will look into this! It is indeed ancient pillow basalt you are looking at. The plate boundary which cuts right through the middle of the island from north to south is likely the culprit behind the uplift.

[@GeologyHub]

If you can send me an email with a photo and the approximate coordinates, I can give you a more detailed response. Karst terrain is quite strange and beautiful. My email is [e-mail]

[@richardwasserman]

@@GeologyHub I can't send you either photos or coordinates. We can't find our photos but we do know we were on the southwest side of Sulawesi heading north to Tanah Toraja in the center of the island. We lived in Bali for several years and visited many other places in Indonesia. One day in late September 1999 we were eating lunch in a restaurant on the edge of Mount Batur's outer caldera in Bali -81420, -1152239. The entire time we were there the volcano was producing a very deep gong-like sound every few minutes. I just read that Batur erupted only a few weeks later. I thought you might find that unusual. Thanks for answering my question, Paulette Wasserman, Richard's wife.

[@fishingthelist4017]

Lakes within islands within a lake within an island in the Pacific Ocean

[@matthewhirt7814]

Great information

[@tomaz2215]

you make learning about volcanoes very interesting

[@NGC-catseye]

I like learning stuff from you Mr Hub 😺

[@gregg19809]

Great video

[@AndisweatherCenter]

Awesome video! It’s so cool!

[@cfhollister8766]

Your videos continue to get better and better.

[@Henrikbuitenhuis]

Thanks so much for the video and info. I wish you All a great Day 24.

[@dan13ljks0n]

One subduction zone, several different kinds of volcanos and lavas. Interesting.

[@SteveSmith-zz4ih]

I was wondering could you do a Video on the Volcanic plain in Australia between South Australia and into Victoria, there is something like 300 or more Volcanos of various ages. Also i notice some cliffs where the Strata has boulders/Rocks that seem to be mixed with clay like someone has put them into a huge cement mixer and poured them out down the cliff, there are some beautiful patterns etc from said flows. Hope that makes sense.

[@trulyinfamous]

I just rewatched your video on Olympus Mons. Have you thought about doing videos on more non-earth volcanos/volcanism? I know there isn't exactly a wealth of good information on volcanos outside of earth, but I'm definitely interested in it.

[@americanrebel413]

Thank you.

[@watzesnow7169]

Is it possible that this vulcano is the source of the missing 1808 eruption?

[@xXr0tt3nXx]

Is it possible that the mystery volcano of 1808 with an estimated VEI of 6 could have been this caldera forming eruption?

[@chrisrifkin3670]

My thought as well

[@agnia85]

You like saying Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai, don't you? :) Really enjoy watching your videos.

[@spocksdaughter9641]

He does it so well doesn't he!

[@vibratingstring]

utterly fascinating. Yet another tsunamic visitor here.

[@irvalfirestar6265]

I'd love to see a video from you regarding the numerous hot springs in Peninsular Malaysia, as we're located in a volcano-free region and I've read that all of the hot springs here are due to some cooling igneous bodies deep underground, but I don't know much about geology to explore further.

[@JaxsonVSGames]

You could make a video about the Ooramudashi volcano which is only 44km from Tokyo

[@troymitchell1747]

I keep waiting for the narrator to say “. And that volcano don’t give a shit”.

[@kikupub71]

So interesting! Impressive amount of explosive power In these eruptions.

[@RUNDNB85]

how do you know it had a lava lake? Be interesting to know how you study these volcanoes and get to that conclusion, thanks.

[@NeilUpfold]

How about a video on the Moine Thrust in Northern Scotland

[@erdemkara4143]

I'm still curious about the VEI of Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai, i know you stated your opinion about it but i guess there still isn't an official record.

[@DanielleA2023]

Well done on your pronunciation of Tongan words 👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼

[@danialgowans1693]

Can u do a video on the Vanuatu volcano?

[@Whowhatwherewhy]

Your coverage and great information has me thinking about Yellowstone caldera. What if that sucker went off?

[@thvtsydneylyf3th077]

then its 'nice knowing you' to your mates & the world

[@thvtsydneylyf3th077]

How many times have you said *Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai* this fortnight? You enunciate well, malo.

[@lorrinbarth1969]

I often drive eastern Colorado (highway 14) and that route passes many oil drilling operations. I'm curious about the geology there.

[@HeZiXFr]

Thanks for the interesting videos! Can you make a video about Ngorongoro Crater ? Is it a beautiful crater with ton of wildlife and UNESCO World Heritage Site !

[@ZaihasSyakhir]

Is the lake saline or filled with fresh water?

[@tomp_]

It is another amazing volcano, and congrats on becoming verified!!!! Let’s gooo🤟🤟🤟🤟🤟🔥🔥🔥🔥🌋🌋🌋😍😍🥳🥳🥳

[@edwardfletcher7790]

Its quite possible they explored the island, but couldn't see it had a crater lake. Great coverage as always 👍

[@eljanrimsa5843]

Perhaps the drone had a malfunction.

[@edwardfletcher7790]

@@eljanrimsa5843 Yeah, that was a common problem in the 1700's.... SIGH

[@amoose8439]

So big and so very pretty...

[@wpjohn91]

Is the lake viewable from the shore line. The map may of been made from observation from ship only

[@FelixTheAnimator]

Neat! 📷✨

[@louisej3664]

Fascinating, thank you. Coincidental? Tarawera erupted in 1886 :)

[@riciarites5065]

Helpful? Are there any useful face masks or emg ways to endure better? I think I heard wet cloth over homes windows. What IF anything in ash carried wind areas would be useful education now that so many are learning abt volcanos. Ex after Mt St Helen's I always kept spare air filter in my then style car. Transportation stopped due to car air filters clogging. Unlikely any use in mod cars. But what emg stuff is even a little helpful. Inc pets.... stock water etc?? Reguards from a dif- 'safer' Island-UK

[@sisfantasto7004]

You are my Geology Teacher❤😍❤

[@cyberhornthedragon]

i know the difference as i was studying to be a geologist and volcanologist but the majority of your viewers would likely enjoy knowing the difference in comparison of the two types of volcanoes in this chain as they form over different ways though they do appear much the same right now as ring shaped islands

[@adimereseininaimaidreketir5945]

Most of the volcanoes on convergent plate boundaries on edges of heavier Oceanic Plate which is the Pacific plate subducting in most plate boundaries that is from North and South Pacific. The Pacific Ring or Rim of Fire it is called. Now to do with Tonga most of the islands were coral limestone right formed by accumulation of coral polyps dead corals as the appear on the surface of sea level they get more sunshine and pioneer species exists birds coconut trees and other flora and fauna species co exist slowly building soils and it goes on and on right. Human beings living nearby also contribute to other developments at the particular islands. Not volcanic activities at all right. Yet slowly submarines volcanoes slowly forming. Only notice the SOATA pumice rocks originating from sea bed volcanoes reaching shorelines as far as Viti Levu island even where you have Coca Cola factory back in 70s 80s. So it started a change in island formations altogether in Tonga they having volcanoes originating from sea bed.

[@adimereseininaimaidreketir5945]

We studied all in Geography here in Fiji Islands all the books journals in the Laucala Campus Suva Fiji since after second world war. Many Tongans took Geography graduated from USP yet most never go back to Tonga. Some stayed in Fiji got married to other races settled down life goes on. Few ventured to other developed countries and they never really FOCUSED ON THEIR OWN TONGA COUNTRY AS GRADUATES. TO DO EFFECTIVE THINGS FOR A LIFETIME WHICH COULD MINIMISE THE EXTENT AND CLOSER FREQUENCY OF ERUPTION. THE LAST 2017 BUT NO HUGE TSUNAMIS AND ASHES. This one 2022 just few years gap. Which means there is higher volumes of capacity magma at the aethenosphere at that Trench in this decade.

[@adimereseininaimaidreketir5945]

The inner core and outer core frequencial conversions might be having increasing proportional symbiosis meaning they affecting the mantle layer vigorously like increased rhythms cycles. See the diagram properly that shows the movements in the cores and mantle to do with circulations. It is always in opposite directions at the two hemispheres North and South right. Now the Pacific plate being the huge Oceanic Plate you will see the circulation mostly depends on the angle of tilt of the planet Earth right. So you can see that huge conglomerations of sea water is in the South Pacific which makes it heavier in weight thus the Cores capabilities more faster in the South. So you see a new type of island formations altogether. It is GOD design it is meant to be like that in a way.

[@elric_310]

What can be said about the ongoing earthquake swarm in Tonga? Some earthquakes were closer to other volcanoes than Hunga Tonga

[@KaiserStormTracking]

He tweeted about them Maybe magma movement

[@sixthsenseamelia4695]

Tongan trench/Kermadec Arc. Subduction, the engine that drives the volcanic processes.

[@jameshughes131]

Low solar activity means more future quakes and eruptions are near

[@omegastar19]

@@jameshughes131 go away James, nobody believes your crackpot conspiracy theories. Solar minimum has practically nothing to do with plate tectonics or volcanoes.

[@jameshughes131]

@@omegastar19 ok I'm going away like the flat earthers whho are banned for having a belief

[@jimmycook872]

Can you do something on Australia only dormant volcano Mount Gambier. Cheers 🇭🇲😀👍🍻🍻

[@Techknowverse]

didn't another eruption happen the other day at a different volcano. Someone posted it, yet you didn't talk about it.

[@howardrsims]

Is the crate lake freshwater?

[@L.ACyclingVlogs]

Earth: Oh, these species need more land. Hold my beer.

[@theredrover3217]

Wow 2:51 looks amazingly like Fissure 8 (Ahu' ala au 2018 Kilauea eruption.) Enough I started to say I've been there, literally where this photograph was taken. 😲 Luckily (for me 😝) it cannot be that is unless parts photoshopped in. 😆 But sure does 'look' like a significant fissure eruption with brand spanking new spatter cone! 😁

[@residentenigma7141]

An island with a lake that has an island with a lake !

[@joeyanny8018]

How dangerous is the volcanic activity on the Big Island of Hawaii?

[@dhickey5919]

I thought life was unpredictable but it's beyond my imagining to think about living at the summit of an active volcano. I guess unpredictable is all relative.

[@crazydavidsmith]

Video idea: How likely [likelihood within 1 year] are tsunami-causing eruptions from these (or all) volcanoes?

[@peterpopper1830]

probably higher than we would be comfortable with knowing thats not including tectonic slips also!

[@omegastar19]

The likelyhood of that is so low as to be statistically negible.

[@peterpopper1830]

@@omegastar19 ring of fire........statistically negligible.............i smell B.S!

[@omegastar19]

@@peterpopper1830 yes….for any given specific year the chance of a tsunami happening at a specific volcano is miniscule. Take the tsunami that just happened - the volcano that caused the tsunami did NOT cause a tsunami in 2021, or in 2020, or in 2019….etc etc.) The chances of a tsunami happening *somewhere* in a specific year are a bit higher but still small (but if you want disprove that by showing me a list of tsunamis for EVERY single year in the past two decades, go ahead). Anonymous specifically asked about a time frame of one year, and statistically speaking tsunamis do not happen that often.

[@nagasako7]

Tonga home of 007 Villain Volcano shaped islands lol

[@steenzeebergiversendyrmose1517]

Yes, I know, off-topic, but at 1:14 and as an notoriously maniac about geography even before school days, I'm totally crazy about this fantastic historic world map. Year and name of carthographer, please! Yes the title ("Universale descritione di tutta terra conoscivita fin ovi" / "Universal description of the whole earth knowledge until now") indicates an intalian. Only I can think of from this time period is Urbano Monti, but not exactly his drawing style. Having a strange feeling that I should well know this map, and that I have come across the map before on vacation in Southern Europe some 25-30 yeara ago. The drawings of the "sea monsters" and whales, by (just my guesses due to the geographical uncertainty) the Pitcairn Islands, the Falkland Islands, the South Sandwich Islands, south of Madagascar and Mauritius (île Crozet? Terres Australes ét Antarctiques Françaises ?? or just open sea discovery/phenomenae? - remember not even officially "discovered" historically, there are many examples of places / islands / locations that have been discovered before they have "officially" been discovered) .. yes, it surely catches my interest on this fantastic historic world map!

[@howardramsey7243]

Do the lakes that form in the middle remain extremely toxic? (please excuse my ignorance).

[@JoeAwesome1]

Wouldn't fancy using one of those pillows 🛌

[@melrichardson7709]

They're the new product line for the "My Pillow Guy". 🤭

[@JoeAwesome1]

@@melrichardson7709 he he 😅👍

[@DJ-hs6ug]

Not Easy is to Live on our planet 🌍 as I thought..🤔...anything, anywhere..will happen in future I guess.. 🕵 .. TC everyone god bless ya all.. 👍

[@kennyrogers3919]

Who was out there monitoring it back in 1886 😳

[@hildichannel9739]

👍

[@MrScott1171]

Its interesting that these Islands could have inspired Jules Verne when he need a base for Capt. Nemo and the Nautilus when he wrote 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.

[@MiMayonGo]

In lake on an island on lake on an island on a ocean

[@pootytangnl]

Looks like a cool island to live, but yeah its a volcano so no thx

[@lucianoluciano4632]

I dont know what OCURRED

[@lucianoluciano4632]

Needs to be FURTHER EXPLORED

[@fecardona]

Kudos on the native language pronunciation

[@jayjaynella4539]

I see Tonga is your new base of operations. Congratulations on the reassignment! Giggety.

[@elianehaido7936]

👍🌋

[@abrahamvieyra5730]

Makes sense. These Islanders are living on actually volcanoes. Omg.

[@chrisrifkin3670]

I wonder if this is the smoking gun for the 1808 mystery plinian eruption

[@eryantyler554]

Will there ever be a tsunami from the Indo-Australia plate overriding the Pacific plate?

[@eljanrimsa5843]

What do you mean with "Will there ever"? This is one of the major subduction zones causing tsunamis. In the last 20 years alone, there were tsunamis in 2022, 2021, 2016, 2013, 2009, and 2007.

[@eryantyler554]

@@eljanrimsa5843 I didn’t mean from the volcano but from the two tectonic plates

[@eljanrimsa5843]

@@eryantyler554 Most tsunamis are triggered by undersea earthquakes, caused by the plate movement. The Tonga one was an exception because it was triggered by a volcanic eruption. But the volcano itself is also fed by the subduction. The other five tsunamis (2021,2016,2013,2009,2007) were all triggered by earthquakes at the boundary of the Indo-Australian and Pacific plates.

[@eryantyler554]

@@eljanrimsa5843 ok

[@Kazuma232]

Yo

[@nancyray6074]

I would like to see a show about the ring of fire and how many earthquakes and volcanoes have been activated sine the poles started shifting please

[@gabs_salem]

Bro the whole fucking island is a volcano and there are settlements there?

[@nonmihiseddeo4181]

Putting a Hawai'ian pronounciation on this Tongan name, it would be "NEE-oo-ah-FOH-oh-oo." Each letter is enunciated. There are no dipthongs. Next time I'm on O'ahu, I'll have to see if there are Tongans anywhere around. I know they have their own language, but we're all Polynesian. So, there's probably a root language there, like Latin or Greek is for English.

[@redrocket9861]

I hope it blows up

[@jeffmoore8727]

Need new video not the same.

[@patinsley]

Fourth!

[@cynthiacruz3277]

love the info in the videos, but after watching a couple of the videos the narrators sing song voice rubbed the the wrong way....couldn't watch anymore,

[@spocksdaughter9641]

Possibly you can have a txt only feed. We all get use to his style. Best he offers humanitarian suggestions. We all are different. Your comfort is not the goal.

[@jmarth523]

You know you are not just talking to randos in the comments right? You are talking directly to him.

[@jfranklin9549]

First!

[@daemonnice]

Are you aware of the research of Robert Felix in Not by Fire but by Ice, where he correlates increases in vulcanism to Grand Solar Minimums? In another video you talked about the year with no summer, due to, if I remember correctly, Tambora eruption during the Dalton Minimum. As someone whom I consider an excellent source on vulcanism, your opinion on this research would be of interest to me. For myself, I find it very fascinating and credible and think it worthy of consideration. Of course you may disagree with me and find some fault with his work that I do not. If so, I myself would want to be able to consider any such criticisms you might have. I consider this relevant because for all intents and purposes, even though solar activity is a little higher than predicted, it does still look like to be continuing the downward trend that we have seen for the last three cycles suggesting a possible Grand Solar Minimum in the works. Due to the decreased solar activity, and the weakening of Earth's magnetosphere there are those that have named this a Cosmic Ray Maximum due to the increase in cosmic rays, which as I am sure you know has an affect on magma. Is it my imagination or can you draw a line straight through the center of the earth from Hunga Tonga to Iceland?

[@TheDanEdwards]

'Is it my imagination' - yes.

[@omegastar19]

None of these things have anything to do with volcanic activity.

[@daemonnice]

@@omegastar19 Really> You might want to check the peer review literature on that.

[@omegastar19]

@@daemonnice sure, just tell me the issue number of the scientific journal that published it.

[@ObiWanCannabi]

please use a new intro, i feel like iv seen that like 14 times in 7 days

[@AvScanNZ]

This guys pronunciation is horrific.

[@NoName-ov8wr]

They blew it up with rod of god

[@melrichardson7709]

🤔🤷 You just said it was a mini nuke! Make your mind up 🤣🤣🤣.

[@khangvu5828]

He is a liar

[@NoName-ov8wr]

It was deliberate they dropped a mini nuc bomb to set it off

[@melrichardson7709]

🤦🤣🤣🤣. No radio active fallout = no nuclear blast.

[@madsplattalot8712]

That's the silliest mane, I think they do that to be funny. Sounds like captain cave man

[@spocksdaughter9641]

You are being cruel, please don't.

[@jamoR72]

Please let something large enough go off to wipe all life on the surface out