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The Babylonian Empire was the most powerful state in the ancient world after the fall of the Assyrian Empire (612 B.C.). Its capital, Babylon, was beautifully adorned by King Nebuchadnezzar, who erected several famous buildings. Even after the Babylonian empire was overthrown by the Persian king Cyrus the Great (539), the city itself remained an important cultural center.
Babylon, oucpada southeast Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (modern southern Iraq from Baghdad to the Persian Gulf). Because the city of Babylon was the capital of this area for so many centuries, the term Babylon has referred to all the culture that developed in the area from the time it was first established, around 2300 BC. However, prior to Babylon's rise to political prominence (c. 1850 BC), the area was divided into two countries: Sumer in the southeast and Akkad in the northwest. The name is believed to derive from bav -il or bav -limited which, in the Akkadian language of the time, meant 'Puerta de Dios' or 'Puerta de los Dioses'.