The Baltic Sea explained

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Learn about the fascinating geography, the intricate geological past, and the ambitious engineering projects around the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe!
More videos about the Baltic Sea:
A guide to Amber Hunting: • What is Amber and wher...
How Spits are formed: • How Spits are formed
The Fehmarn Belt Tunnel Project: • The story of the Longe...
Chapters:
0:00 intro
0:34 Geography
4:16 Geological History
9:17 Infrastructure
Thumbnail map by / arq.mosquera
Check out his profile for more incredible maps!
Subscribe for more videos like this one, cheers.

[@FactSpark]

Check out BetterHelp with my link betterhelp.com/factspark for a special discount!

[@brendansully12]

I love your work and know that you need to funding to continue, but if you are in a position to be selective about who you advertise I would ask that you look into criticisms of betterhelp. They have a history of false advertising, breaches of privacy and predatory practices. In this day and age that is more the rule than the exception, however since they are specifically targeting vulnerable people there is an extra layer of evil to it.

[@maikotter9945]

ein Beitrag des Mittwoches, 22. Mai 2024 ................................................................................................................................................................ basic informations What about the settlement patterns of humans? What about the weather/climate? You could show, every City of the Hanseatique League, at least with dots on the map! ................................................................................................................................................................ sailing die Kieler Woche: ab Freitag, dem 21. Juni 2024; bis Sonntag, dem 30. Juni 2024 die Travemünder Woche: ab Freitag dem 19. Juli 2024; bis Sonntag, dem 28. Juli 2024 ................................................................................................................................................................ Ostpreußen = Eastern Prussia = Borussia Orientalis Ermland (PL); Masuren (PL); Memelland (LT); Königsberger Gebiet (RU) from 13th century AD to 1945: Königsberg in Preußen since 1946: Königsberg (Preußen) since 1946: Kaliningrad [Soviet Union´s President, Michail Kalinin was a brutal dictator!]

[@crocodileguy4319]

are you serious? a betterhelp sponsorship is the youtube equivalent of sucking someone off for money

[@Laglorden]

Betterhelp is a proven scam. See for example Pewdiepie a couple of years ago or lots of other examples nowadays. They have even gotten fined by the FTC.

[@Abiesbracteata]

@8:16 - I laughed at this time stemp, as those are golden raisins, not chunks of amber.

[@fatviscount6562]

Surprised no mention of Hanseatic League.

[@DavidOfWhitehills]

No-one expects mention of Hanseatic League.

[@bluebox2000]

Even more strange is no mention of the different sea life in the sea. Nature doesn't seem to matter.

[@stco2426]

I thought so, too.

[@stco2426]

@@DavidOfWhitehills 😀

[@matt47110815]

​​@@DavidOfWhitehills I sure did expect it. It was a pretty big deal, as it was THE major Trading/Political Union in Europe before the EU, and the Baltic Sea was it's core.

[@danielmalinen6337]

Usually, in school, the geological history of the Baltic Sea, the world's largest inland brackish sea, starts with the end of the ice age about 10-15 KA and tells about its different stages before it became the current sea about 4,000 years ago. However, the geological history of the Baltic Sea is much, much older and began when the Baltic plate subducted against the Laurentia (North American) plate around 400-450 Ma. At that time, the western Scandian orogeny and the central plate depression were born on the plate, which became important millions of years later. But from the Cambrian period to the Silurian period, there was a shallow sea in the middle of the Baltic plate, which began to be filled by erosion from sediments from the Scandian mountains. During the Cretaceous period, based on the discoveries in Kristianstad basin 86.3-71.3 Ma, there were dinosaurs such as theropods, leptoceratopsids, hypsilophodonts, hadrosaurids, iguanodontids and hesperornitheans who roamed the area as well as pterosaurs, mosasaurs, tylosaurs, plesiosaurs and crocodiles. In addition, there were two local meteor impacts, one on Dellen (~89 MA) and a later one on Lappajärvi (~78 MA) before the more famous K-Pg event. Around 40 MA, by the Eocene period, a wide plain had formed at the site of the more ancient depression. The plain was dominated by the amber-producing coniferous forest that covered it and through it flowed the "Baltic River System" now called as Eridanos. This Eridanos river ran along the previously mentioned depression to the Polish coast and later to the coast of the Netherlands because the river pushed its delta forward and the sea level also started to drop. Then began the Quaternary ice ages 475-370 KA (Elster, Saale and Weichselian, and between them the interglacials Holstein and Eem) and the glacier scooped out the old river bed several times. And between those ice ages it was filled with water like, for example, the Eemian Sea during the Eemian interglacial period about 127 KA. That would sum up the usually untold part of the geological history of the Baltic Sea.

[@JosTheMan1]

Thanks! I have read a lot on Baltic sea but had never stumbled on to the early formation. Just always theres lake and then it does shapeshifting 😅

[@julianjazz7296]

Great video, but damn the loud cut at 2:53 scared the hell out of me

[@SIC647]

Peculiar that you used the Danish names for all the islands, except for Sjælland where you used the English Zealand.

[@Danila438]

Betterhelp advertisement, that's very uncalled for

[@IANinALTONA]

11:14 your Areal footage does not show the Kiel Canal in Germany, but the Nordslzeecanal in the Netherlands.

[@denisrho1019]

Great comments and superb video! I like very much your animation (time line bar and map including a black line showing the shoreline).

[@maxkurtson9892]

Nice video! Too bad you missed the Göta Canal. :)

[@karlhugentobler]

are we sure that are amber pieces at 8:18 an not just raisins?

[@maciekszymanski8340]

Raisins, reisin... who cares... ;)

[@sizanogreen9900]

Mineral enthusiast here. Yes. Those *are* in fact raisins. xD

[@paulkalupnieks]

mm, hungry

[@sizanogreen9900]

@@paulkalupnieks No, they don't border the baltic.

[@666Hansen]

Kattegat and the straits of Denmark, are not the Baltic sea. The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Baltic Sea as follows: Bordered by the coasts of Germany, Denmark, Poland, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, it extends north-eastward of the following limits: In the Little Belt. A line joining Falshöft (54°47′N 9°57.5′E) and Vejsnæs Nakke (Ærø: 54°49′N 10°26′E). In the Great Belt. A line joining Gulstav (South extreme of Langeland Island) and Kappel Kirke (54°46′N 11°01′E) on Island of Lolland. In the Guldborg Sound. A line joining Flinthorne-Rev and Skjelby (54°38′N 11°53′E). In the Sound. A line joining Stevns Lighthouse (55°17′N 12°27′E) and Falsterbo Point (55°23′N 12°49′E).

[@marcatteberry1361]

Great stuff! Thanks.

[@hannselot9106]

great video!

[@johnking6252]

Great information about the Baltic and adds greatly to my own knowledge, thanks 👍

[@Luredreier]

If you're interested there's a lot more to learn, especially when it comes to history. The whole region has had a lot of interaction over the years influencing each other a lot. Like how the Kalmar union was formed to counter the Hanseatic League for instance.

[@johnking6252]

Yeah the geographic description helped with some different historical associations I've learned over the years, a very interesting piece of land so to speak ...thx. ✌️

[@mistou26]

Very interesting! Thank you.

[@metanoian965]

Informative. Thanks.

[@pieterjan29]

Name change to lake nato.

[@HK-gm8pe]

lmao :D

[@rhoddryice5412]

0:48 I’d say Kattegat north of the Danish straits is considered to be a bay of the North Sea and not a part of Baltic Sea. The salinity is completely different from the salinity in the Baltic Sea.

[@id104335409]

That was fascinating!

[@usptact]

Great video! Learned a lot! Lived near Baltic Sea my whole life.

[@sulevturnpuu5491]

Better help has been reported to basicly be a scam.

[@stco2426]

Excellent. I'd have liked to learn a bit more about the salinity and resulting ecology, plus the bathymetry, but that's just me. I did learn loads and thank you.

[@bobsmith93]

Why do people still shill for betterhelp after it's been proven to be shitty. Do some research before accepting a sponsor please

[@jbrogert]

My God, imagine trying to put down someone for trying to help. Sounds like you have an overabundance of "help" Better help saves lives, there are men EVERYWHERE that need some kind of help, and better help is an open door to those who need it. Grow up

[@Alvionalx]

⁠betterhelp doesnt help tho

[@PingSharp]

​@@jbrogert"trying to help"? It's a for-profit company. It has, as the comment mentioned, been proven to be shitty. Why do you support them?

[@aabbccdd4710]

​@@jbrogerta """licensed therapist""" who isn't licensed and doesn't even answer calls while taking your money doesn't help much, man.

[@jbrogert]

@@aabbccdd4710 better than being stuck in a panic having a non-stop panic attack. Do you even hear yourself? You act like they're going to be a 5 star therapy service for whatever $20/no they charge. This is like never buying a vehicle because someone else reported that they don't like to drive.

[@sashankrajaram9383]

Such a wonderful video! Loved it. Pls do one on the White Sea as well! ❤

[@knihnik]

There is system of dams near St Petersburg that close eastern part of Gulf of Finland during storms. I think it is very cool engineering structure

[@AbrahamdeLacy-xm8sb]

Geographical error in the video: What you called the southern quark is actually called the northern quark. The southern quark is located between the islands of Åland and Sweden. The northern quark is the narrow strait between Sweden and Finland that divides the Gulf of Bothnia into the Bothnian Sea and the Bay of Bothnia. Cheers 🍺

[@douglassauvageau7262]

I was unaware of the Kiel Canal. Thank you.

[@XGD5layer]

About capitals and former capitals, you forgot to mention the former capital of Finland, Turku.

[@Hoksaaja]

Turku has never been the capital of Finland. During Sweden it was Stockholm, during Russia Helsinki and during independence Helsinki, never Turku

[@kitsunefromfinland4145]

Turku was the capital of the Great Duchy of Finland for 3 years during the Russian era. Making it at the time the most important city in the area called Finland. The first Finnish senate, Bank of Finland and many institutes started in Turku in that 3 year time, later moved to Helsinki when the Tsar moved the capital there. During the Swedesh era Stocholm was the capital, Turku hold the position of the most important city in the Finnish area (btw the name Finland comes from the area where Turku is located, thats why the region is called Finland Proper). First Finnish school (Turun katedraalikoulu), first university (Royal Academy of Turku) and for example the only medieval cathedral in Finland gives you idea how powerful position Turku had compared to for example Helsinki. Much much later Helsinki stole most of these achievements for example the Academy was moved to Helsinki and became Helsinki university. So yes, technically Turku has only been the capital for 3 years, but for over 600 years it hold almost absolute power in the Finnish area, only the city of Viipuri being another big city in the area. @@Hoksaaja

[@Hoksaaja]

@@kitsunefromfinland4145 You seem to be right. There is a short period.

[@northwesternroots2054]

Watching from Saint Petersburg😊 Nice content, keep it up!

[@KiraiKatsuji]

My favorite sea good to see it covered

[@drmodestoesq]

You like it better than the Tasman Sea? Interesting.

[@KiraiKatsuji]

@@drmodestoesq Yeah because it's shape looks so intresting, as if some person was holding their gun and peeing

[@jamiebray8532]

Great video

[@glavatazelva]

great video

[@lime123net]

Great video! Wold Göta canal running through sweden also be considered one of the great engineering projects of the region or is it too small?

[@barutguray2]

great video and information, thank you. Btw i wonder the maps which are often shown at the last segments of your videos, 3D maps i mean, what is the source of those maps?

[@FactSpark]

They are made by a map artist: instagram.com/arq.mosquera?igsh=cXlmbnlraXB6dWlj

[@noodengr3three825]

Thank you for the info. I got to experience a bit if the Baltic by riding the ferry from Helsinki to Tallin. Then while in Lithunia on the spit we got so close to the Russian border one phone thought we were in Russia.

[@jaywillen543]

Please create more playlists of similar videos. I like the planet earth geography ones

[@juliusbernotas]

8:17 did you just show a picture of raisins and said this is amber?

[@cesarrivera4654]

Not the jump scare at 2:53 haha, almost fainted. Great video tho

[@cdineaglecollapsecenter4672]

Baltic amber is from Eocene forests, not Pleistocene.

[@Inkling777]

You might do a video on the North and Baltic coastlines as described in Erskine Childers spy classic, _The Riddle of the Sands._

[@budimorealni486]

i like ur channel

[@saftevand]

Kattegat is normally not considered as a part of the Baltic

[@anderslarsen6009]

I would call it a part of the North Sea.

[@AttitudeAdjusterAA]

love how you show white resins as amber

[@mysteriousDSF]

Kudos for not only transitioning into the ad but also transitioning out of it.

[@GrandTerr]

Nice calm video. More videos on youtube like this plz Advice: your glitch trabsition doesnt fit the calm speech, video and music.

[@epsmile8202]

The baltic sea starts east of Öresund, the Kattegatt is not a part of it.

[@SereglothIV]

I was well aware of the Kiel canal, but I had no idea it sees so much more traffic than Suez and Panama

[@erikedstrom2710]

Surprised you did not mention the Stockholm Archipelago which is significantly larger than the one in Finland. And the other archipelagos.

[@MrGunnar69]

Or Göta Kanal when he mentioned other canals. The Öresund Bridge was not mentioned either.

[@SaunaFinland]

Not saying the Stockholm Archipelago doesn't deserve a mention, it certainly does. But, how do you mean it's significantly larger? The Stockholm Archipelago has 34 000 islands, while the Finnish Archipelago has more than 50 000 islands. Also, the Finnish Archipelago is spread out on an obviously much larger surface area, so what definition would you apply to point out it's larger? Even in Swedish Wikipedia it says about Stockholms skärgård: "Den räknas som Sveriges största skärgård och den näst största i Östersjön, efter Skärgårdshavet i sydvästra Finland."

[@maxgronros6728]

@@SaunaFinland That is very true. But the entire video did fail to menion annyhing abou sweden at almost every chance it had to mention it. He stopped talking about the coast right as he was done with finland and as stated above he failed to mention a single project in sweden like göta kanal. The fact that sweden has the most islands in the world is also an interesting fact that he somehow failed to mention, mentioning that would have done the same thing as mentioning finlands big archepelego but in a much better way.. The entire video seemed to have been made by a danish person that never really got the memo that our countries are no longer enemys but friends 😂

[@SaunaFinland]

@@maxgronros6728 I agree. There was pitifully little about Sweden, which is a shame, because Sweden is an amazing country with beautiful seascapes. I think the video would have been much improved by a brief review about the history of the Baltic Sea in which Sweden plays a dominant role, the sea fortresses they built, the naval battles, and so on.

[@maxgronros6728]

@@SaunaFinland That would have been a great addition

[@felixsteinauer]

You should consider reworking this video.. Kattegatt is not considered to be apart of the Baltic Sea. You're basically not mentioning anything about the longest coastline in the Baltic (the Swedish) which also holds the world's greatest amount of islands of any nation? Showing raisins instead of amber stone? Not mentioning the sea's importance in history/trade like the vikings or Hanseatic League? No mentioning of the Öresunds-bridge which also connects Sweden and Denmark? Maybe have an angle of the issue of pollution in the sea?

[@RockyTheCozy]

Good point

[@Flugmorph]

had no idea that the baltic sea had such a storied recent geologic history

[@ramilgamponia7537]

Please do Fergana Valley next.

[@sergiomanzetti1021]

Great video! A typo: Tallinn is written with two L's. Just an additional curiosity of the Baltic sea: East of Öland is the deepest point of the Baltic Sea, Landsort Deep, and it is 459 metres deep

[@radicallyrethinkingrailwaysina]

That's interesting I had always thought bothnia would be shallow

[@realhawaii5o]

Watching this from Pirita Beach on Tallinn Bay. Funny.

[@sino_diogenes]

NATO lake*

[@ruvik2724]

8:19 those are raisins

[@BubbBlubbii]

Liked how you pronounced Rügen :)

[@radicallyrethinkingrailwaysina]

Which I always associate with V2 even though I don't think they were on the island

[@user-mg9lk9te8d]

Bug is my river❤

[@Alaryk111]

So you are from Galicia ay:D?

[@AnoNymous-ev4kc]

"Whoever controlled the Danish straits has often levied a toll". The Danish straits have always been controlled by Denmark and never by anyone else.

[@XGD5layer]

Do you want to count WWII?

[@user-sx7cf1dg1q]

which music did you use in the video?

[@qualicumwilson5168]

One possible point of interest the was not noted is that the Baltic Sea has the lowest salinity of any portion of the worlds oceans and seas. This is partially due to the high rainfall and ergo high fresh water flow into the sea. But a larger formative cause is the very low tides around Copenhagen, which are are 30 cm or less, which creates minimal mixing of North sea and Baltic sea waters.. Another interesting fact is the the Baltic sea Salmon remain within the sea and their numbers did not have the huge declines caused by Greenland overfishing of all other Salmon races.

[@Angus_Macgregor]

A good explanation as to what contributed to the hydrocarbon rich North sea; an ancient river delta.

[@mikkelbdker7186]

The Baltic Sea (Baltiske Hav) is called Østersøen in danish and Kattegat is not a part of it.

[@SquishyOfCinder]

Please stop promoting Better Help. They are not a good company and sell your information (ALL OF IT)

[@user-sx7cf1dg1q]

what is the music in the background?

[@Light67057]

i love that you are sponsored in this video, i love watching your videos and its so exciting to see your channel grow, keep it up homie! :D

[@brucewilson1958]

It reminds me of the Great Lakes in rhe US. They are of course fresh water and the Baltic salt water but the proximity of the Baltic to si many countries is similiar to the Great Lakes proximity to several States and Canada.

[@adampax]

Is the picture at 8:18 amber, or some golden raisins? 🤔

[@adamelliott3694]

Why does the Baltic Sea look like the Pharoah of Upper Egypt (bowling pin crown) sitting on the ground, with a scarf flying behind him in high winds?

[@leifiseland1218]

Hmm?.. I wonder, on what grounds do you consider the Baltic sea/Kattegatt to extend that far north of the northern tip of Denmark on the Swedish side?..🤔 Personally, I wouldn't consider Kattegat to reach further north than about Marstrand, & that would be pretty generous..🤔🧐

[@mrsealpoop7781]

And Kattegat is not part of the Baltic sea

[@rogerdudra178]

Greetings from the BIG SKY. An interesting part of earth.

[@drmodestoesq]

Montana or Saskatchewan?

[@rogerdudra178]

@@drmodestoesq Greetings from the BIG SKY. Montana.

[@SuperMika70]

👍

[@denisehorner8448]

Just a couple of English language quibbles: remnant is pronounced Rem-nint, not Rem-i-nant. It's only two syllables, not three. Canal is KA-nal, not can-nill, or some such. 😊

[@gramail2009]

You got as confused as the presenter. In all dialects of English and even in American, canal is pronounced with the stress on the second syllable, never the first as you and he have it.

[@SanjayGopi-nc9sk]

Baltic sea looks like a Priest holding a gun

[@gramail2009]

A lot of work went into this but you should have had it fact checked as there are way too many errors and omissions, most of which your kind viewers have pointed out in the comments. I think it is interesting enough to be worth redoing; and maybe this time include Sweden in the story, as well as the unique and now highly threatened marine ecology.

[@torbenpetersen8983]

The map is wrong. Øresund, Kattegat, Storebælt, Lillebælt og Smålandshavet is not a part of Østersøen og den Botniske Bugt (as you wrongly calls the Baltic Sea) ..

[@patpongmichiko]

Very interesting, and concise. It invites further studies of this fascinating sea, its peoples and history. I will add this; the construction of Stalin's White Sea canal cost the lives of 400,000 gulag political prisoners. Stalin stated "that was the point" (to kill 400,000 men).

[@yetzt]

Not even mentioned Märket :(

[@johncordes7885]

The Amber sea

[@rickrutledge9363]

Sounds like a high school lecture

[@savannah115]

This is great stuff, but I have to tell you: the fact that you put sponsorship ads in the middle of the video has prevented me from subscribing. If you'd move them to the end, I'd reconsider. 🤷‍♀️

[@rolfklausen]

You got the boundaries of the Baltic Sea wrong.

[@theassening4563]

I will now play europa universalis 4 as sweden

[@zohairahmad2652]

Didn't betterhelp cause a significant privacy breach of their customers? Which is even worse considering the information that betterhelp held.

[@bishdafish1238]

cannot believe you showed grapes instead of amber...

[@joonalavonen5929]

Anyone who has read alot of donald duck comics knows scrooge is a good guy and would take a bullet for his loved ones

[@eliasthienpont6330]

🦁🦁🦁🦁🦁 THE LION WAS HERE 🦁🦁🦁🦁🦁 No. 818

[@b.b.b.6416]

You got the geography wrong! The Baltic Sea doesn’t include Kattegat. The Baltic Seas borders is at the Danish Belts and Sounds! Back to school old chap!

[@josephmurage2663]

Why does it look like a ghost playing a guitar

[@zhihuangxu6551]

Like a man playing the guitar

[@SMCGPRA]

Look like they recover land

[@petterbirgersson4489]

Kattegatt isn't a part of the Baltic Sea!

[@emilekroth100]

You forgot about Göta Kanal cuts through Sweden and enables a connection from the east coast of sweden to the west coast city of Gothenburg.

[@aightimmaheadout3573]

*Kaiser-Wilhelm Kanal

[@fabiansaah6482]

Es ist nach 1948. Nord-Ostsee-Kanal oder international Kiel Kanal.

[@aightimmaheadout3573]

@@fabiansaah6482whomp whomp

[@emmalilliestam1817]

As a person growing up by Kattegatt and now living in Öresund it hurts my identity that you claim both of these water masses are part of the Baltic sea😂 salty westcoast swedes have always looked down upon the brackish 😅 youre not wrong though, but it _feels_ wrong :p

[@jungl4861]

3.5 deepth funny

[@jjsmallpiece9234]

And it's a NATO lake

[@OutdoorFreedomDk]

👀✅

[@tfarrell421]

British Isles? The islands of Britain and Ireland haven't been referred to as The British Isles since the establishment of the Republic of Ireland in 1949. Any geographer knows that you have to update your maps or become obsolete.

[@XGD5layer]

Wikipedia still has a page for "British Isles"

[@benmulvey2704]

@@XGD5layer There's a weirdo British guy on Wikipedia who insists on re-editing Irish pages to refer to Ireland as a "British" Isle. He's had articles written about him in Irish newspapers. Apparently he can't be stopped as he's been on Wikipedia for years. Its insulting to Irish people to use the term ""British" Isles. The term is never used in ireland, and most Irish people loathe it.

[@ulazygit]

Global sea level rise of 3mm annually? 😂