The Basics of Viral Mutation - Antigenic Shift and Drift, Reassortment, Recombination

[@WhiteboardMedicine]

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[@Billy.hoodoo]

My dad is in the hospital with pneumonia and Covid - influenza :(

[@imjamming]

The mutation E186E/D reappears at least twice in H5N1. How should this mutation be characterized? Is it an antigenic drift that could confer additional capability(ies) to the virus?

[@WhiteboardMedicine]

This would seem to be considered antigenic shift secondary to a point mutation, but one that lends a “beneficial” change to viral proteins when it comes to human cells infection

[@MamaDukes-r8f]

Thanks for your great program! Is the mutation that the avian flu patient in Canada shares with the patient from Louisiana a point mutation? What are the chances of 2 patients, who have had no contact with each other, having that same mutation?

[@WhiteboardMedicine]

Thanks for checking out the video and for sharing! It does appear to be a point mutation. The second question is a more complex one and we may not be the most qualified to comment on it as clinicians rather than geneticists or virologists. One thing to note though, is that there would be some selection pressure for that mutation to take hold in the D1.1 genotype that jumped into humans as it would allow the virus to infect human cells more efficiently and thus replicate more robustly. Random point mutations are constantly happening while a virus replicates when it is infecting someone, so this mutation may be a mutation that has high selection pressure if that makes sense!

[@MamaDukes-r8f]

@@WhiteboardMedicine Yes, I think that makes sense. Especially if the mutation is in only one of the 4 bases. I study virology and find this a bit scary! You might find the following of interest: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2442917/#:~:text=Nucleotide%20or%20protein%20sequence%20changes%20from%20the%20same,convergent%20changes%20%28Zhang%20%26%20Kumar%2C%201997%3B%20Figure%201%29.

[@teutaa8853]

You say accident but really, truly we dont know because no one followed mutations good enough too know if it is something special that actually is behind mutations. I believe it need factors for it too happend, whether it is stress or other sickness or even something else I dont know but I think everybody would Win if we actually studied mutataions more carefully

[@JillKnapp]

@@teutaa8853 "No one followed mutations long enough" -- My friend, you realize there are people who have dedicated their labs and lives to this research, right? Maybe it's just "no one you know personally" or "no one you've ever heard of" who have studied how viruses mutate. If you're truly interested in learning more about how viruses work, the YT channel MicrobeTV has all of their university-level Virology classes available for free in their playlists.

[@Billy.hoodoo]

I think frequency. But I’m also a tinfoil hat guy.

[@teutaa8853]

Not Good at all weve had covid and rs at the same Time for too long now