The Birds That Lived With Dinosaurs

[@SciShow]

Skillshare is offering SciShow viewers two months of unlimited access to Skillshare for free! Try it here: skl.sh/scishow-15

[@ForensicsLabwithDrDan]

SciShow 2 free mos is a great opportunity!!!!

[@akumaking1]

Birb

[@seaofmoon1757]

Hello

[@konskift]

I just quickly ran the Rocks vs. Clocks experiment 7 times in my house. In every instance the Rock won conclusively.

[@owenfautley]

Please do a video on permafrost there was this short documentary on uk channel 4 it was called ice age return of the mammoth in it they found some really cool things including a fully preserved cave lion cub and a small bird.

[@gravijta936]

Birds evolved from dinosaurs for the sole purpose of later evolving into dinosaur-shaped chicken nuggets.

[@donjuanguest3697]

😂😂😂 good one

[@FriendlessPhoton]

True fact.

[@zoeyjafferally3475]

Lmao good one 😂😂😂🤣🤣🤣

[@carissstewart3211]

Proof of Intelligent Design 🤔

[@brittkelly9878]

That is so clever! I didn't even think about that

[@jessicadeines]

The scene of platypus and cormorants hunting side by side was going on during the late age of dinosaurs. Makes seeing it in Australia all the more cool.

[@KrisCadwell]

There happens to be a band called Birdsongs Of The Mesozoic. I hadn't thought of them for a long time until this video made me remember them. Worth checking out if you like older prog rock.

[@lucario1021]

WOW has prog changed! I like to say that prog used to be a “wastebasket genre” for anything experimental.

[@docterfantazmo]

The final exam for my palaeontology degree involved my best mate and I entering a ring with nothing but a rock and a clock in the middle... I'll never forget the time... because it imprinted on his face.

[@rubicon24]

... because you clocked him with it?

[@HugsAndHighelves]

@@rubicon24 nicely done!

[@Mechaghostman2]

Boy, that rocks!

[@johnmallozzi4399]

you clock blocked him?

[@zhamenable]

Archeornithura: It’s not flying but falling with style

[@ibezso01]

Whitewings12 Orbiting is also falling with style! And very fast

[@FirstNameLastName-qt2hz]

The rocks vs clocks problem will be solved when we figure out how clocks fit into rock, paper, scissors

[@christelheadington1136]

@@trainjackson63 Rock- clock -scissors -Spock

[@KarlBunker]

Rocks beat clocks but paper beats rocks.

[@andromeda6712]

It's all about the timing of throwing your move right as you see what your opponent will be throwing

[@B_Ahmed1234]

I say clock let's you rollback time and redo the throw

[@zedantXiang]

You need a rock to use as cover, a paper to sign the time and a scissor as the clocks. Its the ultimate thing

[@mickeyamf]

The _Birbs_ that lived alongside old chompers

[@timsullivan4566]

ARCHAEOPTERYX: Who are those fancy-plumed show-offs way up there? VELOCIRAPTOR:: Those are birds - they're Top-Trending on MesozooTube. ARCHAEOPTERYX: Birds, huh?... they'll never last.

[@evilsharkey8954]

A meteor has entered the conversation.

[@timsullivan4566]

@@evilsharkey8954 Meteors? HAH! There's no such thing - they're just a myth dreamed up by that mammalian cult of cenozoic-wannabees! Hey ... is it just me, or does that look like an ESPECIALLY high-tide heading our way?

[@moondust2365]

@@timsullivan4566 XD

[@krillissue]

*mammals want to know your location*

[@timsullivan4566]

@@krillissue Best reply this month!

[@morganbiddlecom]

"Most ancient fossilized birds lived near water." Could this be because mud makes fossils better than say, mountaintops?

[@DeandreSteven]

Rock slides preserve bodies as well

[@robertwood7034]

@@DeandreSteven Water is mandatory for fossilization.

[@tengonadacluewhatsgutsprec1419]

@@robertwood7034 okay avalanches preserve bodies.

[@NitroIndigo]

@@robertwood7034 Aren't there a lot of fossils of dinosaurs who died in sandstorms? (eg: Oviraptor guarding its nest, Velociraptor vs. Protoceratops.)

[@tentaclesmod]

Yes. It is a simple fact that some ancieny ecosystems are much better known than others due to having better fosilization conditions

[@AverytheCubanAmerican]

I have pet budgies and I was shocked to find out they've been living and survived the harsh inland conditions of Australia for five million years prior to colonization. They co-existed with the indigenous people for close to seventy thousand years. That is amazing. My budgies are living fossils

[@plebulus]

No, most animals existed for millions of years

[@ProfezorSnayp]

Almost every extant species is a living fossil. They existed thousands of thousands of years before us.

[@evilsharkey8954]

They lived alongside humans for that time. They existed long before that. I recently visited Australia and was amazed at all the birds I know only from pet stores flying wild and doing their thing.

[@scp3999]

5 million years isn't really that long lol

[@garypalmer997]

I like this alot. You dont hear much if anything at all about actual birds that lived during the dinosaur age.

[@sarahlou7332]

Supposedly a modern American Advocet was found along with a T-rex.

[@Procrastinater]

If we did, people would stop thinking that t-rex literally evolved into modern birds.

[@rasmus11]

@@Procrastinater The closest living relative of the T-Rex is the chicken.

[@Procrastinater]

@@rasmus11 They share a common ancestor, but that common ancestor is further removed in time from the T-Rex than we are from the T-Rex. They are related, yet many people actually believe that chickens decended from T-Rex. It's an order of magnitude worse than saying we decended from chimps or gorillas.

[@rasmus11]

@@Procrastinater All 10,000 or so species of bird which exist today are avian theropod dinosaurs. The “age of dinosaurs” did not end. Birds are, in fact, the only dinosaurs alive on Earth today.

[@solospirit4212]

Not only riding on..but, I bet, performing a parasite cleaning function too.

[@brittkelly9878]

Not parasitic but a symbiotic relationship if the bird is cleaning him in the bird is also getting a ride on him then they're both benefiting there for their in a symbiotic relationship right? I think

[@JonathanRodd]

@@brittkelly9878 I think Solospirit meant that the bird would be cleaning parasites off of the dinosaur, not that they were a parasite themselves.

[@solospirit4212]

@@brittkelly9878 Oops..I was meaning exactly what you are saying ..like many current birds.and a lot of cleaner fish on tropical reefs. I can very much see an early bird species picking off dinosaur ticks ☺Sorry my OP wasn't clearer 😎

[@KhanMann66]

@@solospirit4212 Definitely like to learn more about dinosaur pathogens.

[@solospirit4212]

@@KhanMann66 I suspect a good starting point might be "bird flu " ☺

[@TheCrystalCollector]

sweet video, I always wondered the truth of this matter!

[@Devedrus]

It feels like the video implies that early birds diversified in aquatic environments, but that might not be true. The high proportion of fossil birds with lake and shoreline affinities is probably an artifact taphonomy. Bird bones are very fragile, and so they are hard to preserve in all but the lowest energy environments, like lake beds (most Chinese birds) or shallow seas (birds from Antarctica and Germany).

[@massimookissed1023]

So you're saying mammoths and smildons weren't necessarily adapted to swim in tar?

[@bri1085]

@@massimookissed1023 everything I know is a lie

[@christelheadington1136]

The early birds caught the worms.

[@NotHPotter]

@@christelheadington1136 Then why are there still worms, huh?

[@christelheadington1136]

@@NotHPotter -Didn't say ALL the worms, many went underground.

[@TheJohnblyth]

You are very good at these presentations. Thank you, Hank Green!

[@nafrost2787]

Can you do an episode on specific heat? It's basic stuff, but it's the key to so much stuff, from temperature and weather patterns, to cooling systems.

[@couldntthinkofacoolname9608]

"Eogranivora" = Dawn Seed Eater Real imaginative, Mr Science, sir.

[@jerotoro2021]

Now I'm imagining an epic mythical scene of Yggdrasil in the celestial spring, Dawn Seeds falling from it's withered blossoms, looking to take root in the fabric of spacetime and grow into universes... But look! The great, shadowy beast-birds.. the Eogranivora, the Dawn Seed Eaters... they snatch up the seeds before they can grow, consuming entire realities before they even have a chance to manifest.

[@blake432]

beats corporate binomials. just wait for budweisersaurus walmartii.

[@taylorhillard4868]

yeah sometimes you gotta wonder what they're thinking when they make those names. My favorite so far is the Asian pear. Pyrus pyrifolia (literally: pear-leafed pear) creativity abound.

[@SongbirdOfficial]

@@taylorhillard4868 I bet the genus was named before the species, so they couldn't change that, but they still could have picked a better name xD

[@taylorhillard4868]

@@SongbirdOfficial they could have just as easily called it Pyrus odosperma after the flowers fragrance ...at least it would be more descriptive.

[@BaronVonQuiply]

Weird... I'm wearing the same shirt. Stop raiding my closet, Hank!

[@Omnifarious0]

How could he have found that shirt by raiding your closet if you're wearing it? Are you suggesting he has a nano-fabricator capable of duplicating anything? Or, is it you that has one?

[@TheInterestingInformer]

@@Omnifarious0 Or, maybe, and stay with me here, Hank took his shirt, made the video, and put it back :O

[@brittkelly9878]

@@TheInterestingInformer duh duh duh insert Twilight Zone music*

[@BaronVonQuiply]

What if both of us are Hank and neither of us know? That'd really take me by surprise since we don't even look the same.

[@Omnifarious0]

@@TheInterestingInformer - Everybody knows that the more complicated the explanation the more likely it is to be true. It's called Rube Goldberg's cantilever or something like that.

[@CoralReaper707]

The idea of modern birds riding the backs on dinos is pretty damn adorable

[@andriypredmyrskyy7791]

It's actually well known that wrestling is a dramatization of archaeological debate.

[@reygonzalez4719]

I Did It For The Rock.

[@xplinux22]

**paleontological

[@traceursebas]

A lot of the early Mezosoic birds probably lived and ate near water.... or we only think that because animals remains have higher chance of becoming fossilized in or near water

[@ErgoCogita]

Marine animals tend to fossilize more often than land dwellers. But that is as far as it goes for "coastal regions". However, "coastal regions" does not include ponds, lakes and rivers... which also have a high rate of fossilization, especially in valleys. And we can tell when a fossil was created within each.

[@hypergalacticnoodles]

A big hello to all my fellow birders and ornithologists here! 🙋🐦

[@lesleyghostdragon3149]

lol "It was millions of years...it must have happened at least once." Love Mr. Green's nerdly charming presentations : )

[@KittyBoom360]

If it walks like a duck, quacks like a duck, is it a duck? This is a timeless question, indeed.

[@nolanwestrich2602]

No, it's a mimic octopus.

[@JNCressey]

2:20 hank: Actually, a lot of the birds they've found lived around places conducive to producing good fossils. Me: No... you don't say!

[@jaschabull2365]

Ha ha, I thought that too.

[@darksnakenerdmaster]

Watching SciShow for a while now has made me realise something. We will NEVER know everything, but that doesn't make th hunt in vain. It means there will always be more to learn and understand. The endless search is the meaning of mankind, not reaching the ultimate answer.

[@alkismavridis1]

Hello everyone. Thanks for your awesome job! I have a request :) It would be AWESOME if you would make a video explaining thd differences between paleognathae and neognathae. I have many times tried to go through the wikipedia articles and really understand how those guys differ, but there is so much anatomical terminology with so many unknown terms that I give up every time! Would be great if we would have a simplified and intuitive explanation with pictures showing the differences etc. And one more point: I think there are no such material online for dummies like me, at least I haven't found any, so a video from you would be a GREAT contribution. Thanks in advance!

[@Itsjustme-Justme]

Given how unlikely it is for a rather small animal to fossilize, it's quite likely that the oldest known bird fossil is hundredthousands or even millions of years younger than the first bird to ever live.

[@Bastonikov]

No one, literally no one: The paleontology community: DISCOURSE

[@yonatanbeer3475]

Paleontologists talk about findings on the workdays and perform findings on the weekends.

[@adamwitt7788]

@Dieter Gaudlitz I think he's talking about the Discord app it's like Facebook without the ads there's a lot of nerds using it I should know I'm on Discord

[@AcidicGothess]

Paleodiscord is full discourse.

[@Appalachiosaurus22]

Everyone: Is relatively stupid Scientists: Maybe if we argue enough we'll get smarter

[@AcidicGothess]

@@Appalachiosaurus22 I wonder if there's truth to that

[@darthfader733]

I remember after school rushing home to watch Mesozoic Duck and his sidekick Ancestral Chicken, so many memories, good times.

[@F.H.W]

1:17 did you just call me a moron?!

[@fernbedek6302]

The Cretaceous would probably seem far more familiar than most people would expect.

[@Dragrath1]

Yeah lots of familiar lineages of animals and plants are turning out to have Mesozoic origins even our primate ancestors had diverged back then though they were more like the Mesozoic analog to modern squirrels. It is weird how some lineages that seem to be ancient turn out to be new kids on the block while many other animals turn out to go ways back.

[@NitroIndigo]

Sometimes I think about how no artistic depiction of prehistoric animals is going to be 100% accurate, and if one were to go back in time and see them, you'd probably compare them to animals you recognise. If you plucked a random citizen from ancient Egypt and dumped them in the Cretaceous, they'd probably describe theropods as half-bird, half-crocodile.

[@rondellemcgee6192]

You should do an episode on egg defects or things that can happen with eggs. Like double yolks or eggs inside of eggs

[@tungstikum]

0:48 Wow ..birds evolved from dinosaurs back in the 1860's..!

[@ooZouhouRoo]

That's not what he meant

[@salamut2202]

@@ooZouhouRoo Sure it is

[@JontyLevine]

Some would say they date back as far as the late 1600s, though the evidence for this is still inconclusive.

[@dgray7537]

Young earf theory confirmed, no take backs.

[@moondust2365]

@@JontyLevine XD

[@Lvestfold4143]

There is also a high debate on whether or not all "non-avian" maniraptorian dinosaurs are cousins to birds or if they are secondary-flightless birds and showcase the true extent of the diversification of avian dinosaurs prior to the mass extinction. Then there is another debate on whether or not it is appropriate to group all modern birds as "Neornithes" given the fact that birds appear to have originated and diversified in the mid-late Jurassic Period and likely paleognathids evolved from an earlier branch of maniraptorian dinosaurs, and neognathids from a later branch.

[@Rien--]

You might not like it, but this is what beak performance looks like

[@pigeonfowl474]

Haha Please stop.

[@tiffyw92]

Wow, cawed out by a pigeon fowl.

[@chris210]

I just want to see Paleo-box, we put a Palaeontologist in the ring with a paleo dieter and let the paleo dieter speak and see how long it takes for the Palaeontologist to knock them out in a fit of pure rage

[@francoislacombe9071]

Hummingbirds and T-Rex have a common theropod dinosaur ancestor. Think about that.

[@jaschabull2365]

I have to wonder how big it was. What was the biggest dinosaur which still has extant descendants? When people think "birds evolved from dinosaurs", it's easy to picture a gigantic T. rex being the ancestor to sparrows, but it's equally plausible that all the big ones are just parts of lineages that ended long ago (excepting, I guess ratites, of course).

[@freedapeeple4049]

Hummingbirds have more bones in their neck than giraffes do. Think about THAT... 😎

[@sassulusmagnus]

I suddenly feel less safe in the garden.

[@Kalryuabides]

Abosolutly no proof of that. Think about that.

[@halogen5580]

yes there is think about thar

[@mabus4910]

Today I learned: Birds evolved from lizzards in the 1860s.

[@chrrmin1979]

This made me laugh way to hard

[@jaylittleton1]

Not exactly. They just came "Out" as birds.

[@punyashilshahare2152]

Said Too literally😂😂 *dead..

[@dgray7537]

ken ham has entered the chat*

[@TitanUranusOfficial]

Ha, caught that too, love it!

[@eamonahern7495]

I saw a documentary many years ago that showed a young tyrannosaurus checking out a snake to see if it was food and in the background were the familiar chirps and whistles of song birds. If fossil evidence suggests that, then clock evidence of other birds doesn't seem completely unfathomable to me.

[@dutchik5107]

Me before clicking: please no ducks please no ducks! Me after watching: that's a penguin

[@kalenzypie]

Learning about the duck relative has made my whole day and its only breakfast time

[@AngellusBlack]

Speaking of birds and dinosaurs, can you do an episode, either here or on EONS about how "duck-billed" dinosaurs (aka Hadrosaurs) aren't really "duck-billed"? We're better off calling them shovel-beaked or scoop-beaked, since the "duck-bill" part wasn't the tip of the mouth. They had scoop-shaped keratinous extensions with grooves that extended PAST the "duck-bill" part that didn't regularly fossilize (only under certain conditions), so in life they would actually look like they had scoop beaks. You can consult paleontologist Darren Naish for more info.

[@badscientist42069]

SciShow is invading PBS Eons' ecological niche.

[@militantpacifist4087]

Eggs came first before aves. This proves it and also because bugs existed before dinosaurs, and bugs laid eggs and still do.

[@micahadams1574]

Give this man a Nobel prize

[@simplethings3730]

Wouldn't that mean Schaumburg had to lay a bird egg

[@nolanwestrich2602]

Bigs existed before dinosaurs?

[@Tfin]

The "chicken or egg" question is specifically about chicken eggs.

[@dumbledoor9293]

Everyone knows that the easter bunny laid the first egg. i rest my case.

[@TitanUranusOfficial]

I was going to have a heated paleontology debate, but I couldn't find a microwave big enough to hold a paleontologist.

[@TessaBain]

Well, I mean, if you're willing to put them in the microwave does it really matter if they go in in one piece?

[@TitanUranusOfficial]

@Tessa Bain fair point

[@RamonChiNangWong078]

I'm still waiting for the fellow mad scientist to create a raptor-chicken.

[@plebulus]

That's really just a normal raptor really

[@katzbird1]

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassowary

[@anindiansocialist1932]

they did switch on the tooth gene and the muscular tail gene tocreate a lizard chicken in the 90s

[@JontyLevine]

It's amazing to think how much we take birds for granted in our lives today, considering they only evolved as recently as the 1860s.

[@anger_birb]

My two cockatiels are just staring at me as I watch this. 0_0

[@joshuaspath6923]

There is a species of bird who’s chicks of claws on their *front* limbs. Edit: Went to google to find the name. It’s called the “Hoatzin.”

[@prabhakarv4193]

Very nice and informative

[@pre0wned]

Hey it is the Primal Carnage Trex!

[@VoilaTadaOfficial]

I really liked this Eons episode, but I think the old intro and outro fit the channel better. :P

[@tfsheahan2265]

So, what begs for an explanation, is why only the avian dinosaurs survived the KT extinction event. Did they just fly away, or more likely fly to areas least affected in a search for food?

[@Ozraptor4]

Most of the bird-like animals did go extinct. Recent research suggests that the ancestors of all modern lineages were toothless seed-eaters which allowed them to exploit a food source that persisted during the extinction crisis = www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160421133639.htm

[@venth6]

@@Ozraptor4 they still date back to theropods though

[@huyked]

Oh my goodness, I didn't know this part. Thank you! Why is the disemination of this knowledge so slow! Thank you, SciShow, for doing this!

[@TheHomelessDreamer]

I think the rocks theory encompasses the clock theory... Hence "rock around the clock"

[@Lord_Magikarp]

Hank really loves Palaentology!

[@josephgrant1151]

When I was a child I saw a newly hatched cockatiel without feathers and I thought, dinosaur. That was in the late 1950’s. I never dared speak about this to anyone.

[@vanrozay8871]

guess it's safe to come out now

[@plebulus]

You were not wrong, it was a dinosaur

[@llamafromspace]

Google cassowary. Dinosaur of terror

[@rebecca8525]

Sometimes, just to mess with people, I’ll point out a bird and say, “Look, a dinosaur!”

[@rickrose5377]

Rocks vs. Clocks, Game 3 tonight on ESPN.

[@jaschabull2365]

Interesting. I've been wondering how diverse extant lineages were in ancient times. It'd be interesting to hear a similar episode about mammals. Were there therian mammals in the cretaceous, or were there only monotremes back then? Were there eutherian mammals? How many lineages that exist today were separate at that point?

[@muhamadsayyidabidin3906]

Sorry for the late reply, but mammal has many lineage during mesozoic, like now extinct multituberculate (rodent like mammal, but not true rodent) etc. I read that the earliest eutherian (placental) mammal was juramaia in the late jurassic. But back then metatherian (lineage that include marsupials) are more difersified than eutherian. Monotreme i read didn't change much since their split from others mammal in early or late jurassic. But during KT extinction many aboreal mammals and birds (mainly metatherian and enantiornites or "different wings birds") died off and left niches open to terrestrial eutherian mammal and ground dwelling modern birds to take over and difersified. Because of that eutherian are dominant mammal groups today

[@muhamadsayyidabidin3906]

And the reason why monotreme are still around i read is because of their lifestyle and location. Monotreme live in place where the dominant mammal are metatherian, and iirc the metatherian are evolve for living aboreal lifestyle (hence why the have pouch). And because of the pouch it's pretty hard for metatherian to take over monotreme niches (semi aquatic) while monotreme egg laying are good for that livestyle. Because of that we still have monotreme today

[@thebigsad9463]

You can call them *MegaChickens*

[@plebulus]

Yeah dinosaurs are basically that

[@shivampanchal3688]

Thank you Scishow!

[@1421ZH]

Don't throw away your KFC leftover, bring them to natural museum. You will be impressed by the unique similarity between dinosaur bones and chicken bones

[@rickharold69]

Awesome thx!

[@blake432]

this needs a part 2.

[@davidsi5376]

My harmless hummingbirds would have have ate me 70 million years ago! 🤔🤔🤔

[@shanek2140]

This episode kicks butt! Nudges me towards taking an Ornithology class!

[@modolief]

Great topic! I’ve always wondered about this.

[@nroke1684]

You mean, the dinosaurs who lived in the time of the dinosaurs?

[@donjuanguest3697]

Hank is the best

[@TazPessle]

@0:51 i think your date for birds evolving is a bit off

[@alexventimilla6910]

You know what really grinds my gears? People who refer to the discovery and study of fossil prehistoric species as "archeology". It's paleontology, people! Archeologists study pyramids, tombs, and other ancient manmade structures. Paleontologists study prehistoric species. Get it right.

Humans were also a "prehistoric species".

[@teathesilkwing7616]

Isn’t archeology a type of paleontology

[@alexventimilla6910]

@ Yes, and that field is called paleoanthropology

[@punyashilshahare2152]

To all the comments saying "birds evolved from dinosaurs in 1860s"😂😂 Hank said- We FOUND the evidences in 1860s that "birds evolved from dinosaurs"..😂😂man.. They sure gave Hank a hell to live in the comments!!🤣🤣

[@gaelengesser9484]

No, Hank said "We found evidence that birds evolved from dinosaurs in the 1860's"

[@punyashilshahare2152]

@@gaelengesser9484 expected this reply😂😂 "WE FOUND EVIDENCE *(that birds evolved from dinosaurs)* IN THE 1860s

[@gaelengesser9484]

@@punyashilshahare2152 parenthetical comment? Maybe :) Hank can handle the ribbing.

[@punyashilshahare2152]

@@gaelengesser9484 He has to😂😂Oh, I love this man..!💖 2 years ago, I accidentally saw one of his videos, and now I always sleep with a question in mind.! (No, really.!)😂😂😆

[@Rubikscube0094]

And this is why English is a terrible language 🙄

[@Xnaut314]

One question about Mesozoic bird evolution that no one seems to ask is how did it even begin in the presence of pterosaurs, the signature flying reptiles during the Mesozoic. Surely the avian transitional species were directly competing with pterosaurs of similar niches for food and shelter and pterosaurs would have been the superior flyers compared to early birds. How exactly were early birds able to evolve and diversify without pterosaurs out competing them due to their evolutionary head start?

[@pierre-samuelroux9364]

It most likely inverse,birds outcompeted pterosaurs

[@kalenzypie]

Archaeologic debate requires digging deep

[@ottovonskidmark629]

Excellent video. I am sure we will find more fossils of Mesozoic birds.

[@790robothead6]

Having fully-formed modern day primary feathers way back in the Jurassic... It always made me wonder. I've been leaning towards the thecodont hypothesis. Birds and early therapod dinosaurs had a common ancestor.

[@pierre-samuelroux9364]

Bruh birds ARE theropods

[@jim7279]

Hi I love you’re channel

[@simplethings3730]

I am not a channel but thanks anyway.

[@Myeonnigot7]

Geol exam tmr! Thanks for the review!!

[@dhirmer]

I mean the Shoe Bill Stork sure seems to be a prime example of birds that existed in the time of dinosaurs

[@richardblazer8070]

Shoebill storks did not live in the Mesozoic

[@phoule76]

wait, so Denver isn't the last dinosaur? We've been deceived!

[@fortheloveofbugs9584]

I was going to state that molecular clocks have consistently overestimated time of divergence, but then I saw that there was a fossil of... a duck. Now I'm convinced that it's a witch.

[@warriordragonify]

When did the transition from gliding to flapping happen?

[@richardblazer8070]

Late Jurassic to very early Cretaceous.

[@SlyPearTree]

I think I'm Team Clock, unleast until Team Rock shows evidences and not absence of evidences. Those would make good SciShow T-Shirts by the way.

[@engineerfromtf2585]

Imagine being the most terrifying animal in the world, then a rock hits the planet and now your great×3000000 grandchildren are used for food everyday

[@tioy3442]

This should also be on PBS Eons

[@capitalsoldier6447]

Basically birds that are badasses

[@ForensicsLabwithDrDan]

One bird to rule them all

[@nickgehr6916]

_That bird traveled back in time to tell their ancestors that we gonna eat them if they're evolved_

[@Sciencerely]

Scientist's fact: Einstein, an African grey parrot at the Knoxville Zoo in Tennessee, can say around 200 words.

[@akumaking1]

Does the parrot swear?

[@simplethings3730]

That will certainly give him a leg up in 2020

[@TerrariaGolem]

@@simplethings3730 Bernies actial opponent. Everyone else is too dumb

[@rachell1794]

Very good, very good, but are you familiar with Bird Law?

[@BossaNovaize]

Pardon the profane here. I'm trying to understand what clock vs rock mean. Rock is evidence unearthed, fossils. Clock would be... ? Looking at the genome to try to determine how old a species is, when is got "separated" from its cousins? Thanks in advance.

[@emilyfitzowich5396]

Yup! You got it right.

[@pegasusted2504]

Wait, dinosaurs were around in the 1860's? Awesome ;~)

[@carissstewart3211]

True story. George Washington had a pet compsagnathus and General Lee only lost the Civil War because his army of tyrannosaurs suddenly turned into a flock of passenger pigeons.

[@Hihelloto]

They are still around now

[@JontyLevine]

As a matter of fact, yes. They were extinct for ~65 million years, but isolated populations survived underground, as documented in the video game _Dino Run._ They didn't evolve into birds though until humans began digging them up in the 1860s.

[@smurfyday]

No, you have trouble reading, that's all.

[@mikicerise6250]

I think rather than thinking in terms of species becoming extinct it's easier to think in terms of the niches they occupied. Animals like utahraptor occupied niches similar to those occupied by, say, lions today. Sauropods occupied a niche not unlike that of giraffes. Triceratopsids were grazers like rhinoceros. What happens in mass extinctions is that highly specialized animals, evolved to exploit specific but precarious ecological niches, fare poorly, while generalists that can adapt to many different niches fare much better. At the mass extinction event, all of highly specialized niches suddenly became inviable. The animals depending on them quickly died. The bigger the animal, the more energy it needed to survive, the more specialized the niche it exploited the more vulnerable to any sudden change. So big, highly specialized animals went first. Small, ambiguous animals, capable of adapting to different niches, like stem mammals and birds, which were basically stem dinosaurs, were able to endure until the environment recovered. When the environment did recover suddenly there were a bunch of unexploited niches, as their previous occupants had gone extinct, and so new animals evolved to exploit them from among the survivors. Today we have highly specialized animals and megafauna again. We had a lot more interesting large animals when humans emerged, but sadly they didn't survive early human predation. Now the world is going through another extinction event. This time we are the cause. Once again, big, highly specialized animals are the first to go...

[@abe9818]

Do a video on the giant argentavis

[@fermainjackson2899]

So, T-Rex descendants evolution during millions years, ended in KFC... LOL 👍 😎👆🐲🐣🐔🐓🍗

[@_ericr]

BRs assistindo. Recomendem este vídeo para o Pirulla!

[@beansnrice321]

My god that lady is a good illustrator! D=

[@Catobleppa]

We now know the mighty goose harassed Tyrannosaurs and survived the K-Pg extinction.

[@plebulus]

No no no, they CAUSED the K-Pg extinction