The Computer and Turing: Crash Course History of Science #36

[@talideon]

The Polish Bomba deserved _much_ more credit than it's given here. Turing's Bombe was a refinement of the original Polish design, which'd been breaking Enigma variants for _seven years_ before Turing's Bombe. Marian Rejewski doesn't get anywhere near the credit he deserves.

[@sisyphyus]

It is true that the contribution should be more than a single sentence. They did, after all, lay the foundation for Mr. Turing's team to begin working on the necessary upgrades to the polish concept which was based initially on an acquired machine and a limited list of future settings giving them the necessary advantage to figure out the overall weaknesses in the enigma machine. Thankfully they were wise enough to share their information just before the declaration of war made that near impossible. Regrettably when 7 years of intelligence and obsolete solutions are all you seem to bring to your allies that could have helped long ago, getting more than a sentence of credit in a "bite sized" general science internet education video doesn't seem to cause much of an uproar.

[@6thwilbury2331]

Plus, there was a great Ritchie Valens song about it.

[@DarkAngelEU]

Yet CC tries to stress how important women were for the development of computers lol guess it only counts when they're Anglo-Saxon. That's Imperialism for ya.

[@billboyd2009]

But they weren't a female from a oppressed minority ( despite what the Poles went through at the hands of the communists and facists!). Only modern day oppressed people get a mention!

[@majan6267]

Exactly what i thought

[@Treyzania]

Important to note he didn't call it a Turing machine, it was called a "automatic machine" in the original paper.

[@ned821]

Alan Turing is one of my all-time heroes. What happened to him is a national shame.

[@bubblecalf]

I still watch Crash Course even though they have already long helped me pass my GCSEs lol I love Crash Course

[@bloodfiredrake7259]

Same

[@TheUglyGnome]

While watching this I found 2 major errors: 1. 2:45 Babbage's "difference engine" wasn't a general-purpose machine. It was a machine to solve polynomials. His "analytical engine" was a general-purpose machine, though. 2. 8:30 Von Neumann didn't propose the concept of program stored in memory. He just wrote a paper describing it.

[@pivoteer556]

Also, they made no mention of the first terminal computer, which was the first electric digital computer. Which was made by Atanasoff and Berry at Iowa State University.

[@jedi1357]

The photo of the UNIVAC was not the 1951 model but an 1103A from 1956. Also, The (latter-day) definition of a computer is likely off. A computer can make a conditional branch, a programmable calculator can not. (Until computer CPUs were installed in them in the '70s.) By this vain, the first such computer to be built was the Manchester Baby of 1948. Not major errors, just my observation.

[@AllenGrimm1145]

@@jedi1357 How were you able to tell the difference between the UNIVAC models just by looking at them? Like dang, do you have a degree in this or something??

[@DagarCoH]

And no mention of Zuse -.-

[@allenliu4956]

Also, the London Science Museum actually built a difference engine for Babbage's 200th birthday

[@LuinTathren]

I loved this video! I'm fascinated by Alan Turing's life. Imagine all the stifled and stymied minds because of the color of their skin, their gender, or their sexuality. How would our world be different? Would it be better? Anyway, thanks for the hard work!

[@nidhi-nb7ws]

This thought really makes me so mad, like so many people could've done so much good but they were killed because of such trivial reasons

[@armorsmith43]

Keep in mind that Bletchley Park was much more than Alan Turing and 4 others arguing in a shed there were hundreds or thousands of staff, including bunches and bunches of folks from the Womens Royal Naval Service doing decoding and ferrying messages around Britain on motorcycles.

[@MrNesscity]

Dear Crash Course-Team, thanks for shining a light on so many important historical figures, male and female. It makes all the difference. Trust me. It is so inspiring to me to see how people worked together to create new knowledge and drive progress forward. Thank you.

[@jess.6773]

It’s sad because Turing could have lived so much longer and could have made so many more great discoveries and inventions if the laws & society weren’t so homophobic

[@alakani]

It's also sad because even if he wasn't gay, people still would have found reasons to hate him. Most people would rather be friends with a charismatic serial axe murderer who makes them smile rather than a world saving genius with a "negative" attitude.

[@unculturedswine5583]

@@alakani nope,people apparently actually liked him until they found out he was gay of course the movies just made him that way because of dramatic effect but yeah people do only put importance in outward appearance

[@alakani]

@@unculturedswine5583 This is a quote by one of his teachers while he was still in school: "I can forgive his writing, though it is the worst I have ever seen, and I try to view tolerantly his unswerving inexactitude and slipshod, dirty, work, inconsistent though such inexactitude is in a utilitarian; but I cannot forgive the stupidity of his attitude towards sane discussion on the New Testament."

[@alakani]

So yeah, people would have and did find other reasons to hate him besides being gay; one of those things was him being an atheist. But even besides all those "reasons", people would have still hated him, sometimes for just the look on his face. People only tolerated him as long as it was benefitting them

[@storiesreadaloud5635]

Not really

[@dracofan7]

I'm a tad bothered by the rushed commentary in this video describing Turing's abuse by the British government because of his homosexuality. I know this is a primarily science-covering video, but come on. So many of the great minds who made enormous contributions to our world in the name of science were not straight, and Turing is, tragically, the brightest example of homophobia within the academic world we have in a History of Science course. Two sentences just didn't feel right. Otherwise, Hank, I am LOVING this series, this coming from an English Literature and Foreign Languages student who has actively shunned most STEM topics. Crash Course has consistently been successful in loosening my disdain toward the STEM fields, and I am a better man for it. So thank you SO MUCH for educating me.

[@jeremiasrobinson]

Thanks Alan for making all of this stuff we do online possible! Now... who wants to get in a comment section argument that goes nowhere?!

[@Delta0001-y]

One argument please!

[@Kraflyn]

Didn't Tesla make the first electronic calculator? ... Let's roll! :D

[@jeremiasrobinson]

Oh boy.... maybe we should talk about vaccines or space aliens or something....

[@Kraflyn]

@@jeremiasrobinson Idk.. would you? I vote for "something"! :D

[@lavolypazz8332]

@@Kraflyn 😂

[@GreRe9]

Well this wasn't a really history of computers, but I'm going to namedrop Konrad Zuse and among other things his Z3 from 1941 - the first working programmable, fully automatic digital computer.

[@rakhicha]

To those asking why Konrad Zuse isn't even mentioned among so many other names: Just culture derived from WW2 propaganda. Zuse indeed created the very first digital and programmable computer alone in his parent's living room in 1938. The problem is that it was bombed twice by the allies in nazi Berlin and he didn't care much about who could employed him and for what as long as he could carry on his inventions. Alan Turing (a more convenient hero) met him in 1947 in Goettingen, Germany, so things start then to make sense.

[@ashtonhynes1745]

This is the best (most important AND fun imo!!) crash course series since world history or philosophy. One of the coolest outputs of KZbin

[@schrodingersGinger]

I vote yes on AI rights. I for one welcome our new computer overlords

[@unleashingpotential-psycho9433]

Love the knowledge from this channel ❤️

[@deniseglines1705]

A question to discuss - I am interested in what viewers think and understand: The goals of the first "computers" seems to always be about mathematical data; how to predict eclipses and analyse the census, etc. Did anyone try to make a machine or program to say, interpret languages? Analyze literature? Predict human behavior? Why always math first? I am genuinely curious...

[@aidanlevy2841]

Math is pure logic, computers are logic based. The first step to doing any of the things you mention on a computer is to turn them into pure logic problems and then figure out how to program them onto your computer. This means that computing is much easier for things that are already pure logic and just need to be formatted in such a way as to be computed. The caveat is that things which are not necessarily logical like eclipses, but can be described using purely logical things like math, are also easy to compute. The strides we have made in making things like AI, natural language recognition and content analysis are linked to our progressively increasing ability to turn those things into logical problems and building computers powerful enough to solve them.

[@kevinm9191]

I love all your videos! You guys help so much.Thanks soo much for the like crash i really mean it you guys are the #1 channel. I'm young but i look forward to your vids.

[@withlovevicky]

currently finding everything AI super interesting but never really knew the history behind it so this is super fascinating! Its sad though that one of the greatest minds behind this was so mistreated just because of his orientation. Imagine how much more potential growth we could've had if Turing was so mistreated :(

[@afreen5058]

Actually, the Analytical Engine, the SECOND invention by Charles Babbage, is the one described in this video: The difference engine could only do one task. The Analytical Engine was a general-purpose computer (never constructed) that could do more than one task, had a sort of memory, and could be programmed. Ada Lovelace wrote programs for THAT engine, though she was also interested in the Difference Engine.

[@zenmaster8]

I hate that he died because he was with someone he loved and that they only pardoned him in 2016

[@komossos2410]

Wait... where ist Konrad Zuse with his Z2?

[@valentinmakes]

I am missing Konrad Zuse here, hwo built the Z3, which is considered to be the first functional computer.

[@stkyriakoulisdr]

FINALLY THIS VIDEO IS HERE!! I've been waiting for it since the start of the series

[@eduardoramirezjr4403]

I remember a Today Show interview with Grace Hopper dressed proudly in her naval uniform. When asked how was able to work in a male dominated profession. She simply said, “You give them what they want, and they will leave alone...” In other words, meet your employer’s expectations and they cannot mess with you.

[@deniseglines1705]

Well, unless your employers expectations cross into the personal sphere. Then they can mess with you a great deal.

[@davidsabillon5182]

It's horrible how they treated Turing because he was gay.

[@youssfawawa]

Yeah and then he got a “royal pardon” decades later as if that fixed things. And just getting that pardon wasn’t even all that easy.

[@furatceylan8]

what´s horrible is, it is still done today to people in some countries, by law, and other countries even execute people for being gay...

[@Nerdnotwashere]

+

[@gardenhead92]

The British government punishing Alan Turing is like the adult version of jocks bullying nerds in high school. Some people never grow up

[@hedgehog3180]

Furat Ceylan Many European countries still demand that trans people get sterilized and enforce gatekeeping, an unscientific practice based on stereotypes about gender not reality.

[@brightfury1901]

You guys have helped millions! Thanks so much!

[@nathanmurphy7585]

Love this video! Thank you Crash Course. And a big plus for mentioning Grace Hopper! :)

[@rparl]

I heard her speak once. She handed out "nanoseconds." It's a length of wire which a signal will traverse in a nanosecond. Her crew were always talking about nanoseconds and she wanted a physical representation.

[@anne12876]

Today, February 11th, it's the International Day of Women and Girls in Science! Let's celebrate the wonderful women that made possible the device on which I'm typing this message. (Great video as always!)

[@BillySugger1965]

Anne-Marie Boucher Ada Lovelace, Margaret Hamilton...

[@DarkAngelEU]

Yawn

[@DarkAngelEU]

@@Tuckems I'm more like a sloth, really.

[@QUARTERMASTEREMI6]

@Anne-Marie Boucher _Ada Lovelace: The brilliant Founder of Scientific Computing!_

[@cholten99]

"We could do an entire episode on information theory" - yes please :-). In fact an entire short series just on the history of computing would be excellent. Meanwhile, I'm looking forward to Ted Nelson, Doug Engelbart, Vint Cerf and Tim B-L when we come back to this later.

[@sisyphyus]

They did one already on computers.

[@SafeOrange]

Alan Turing was voted this month (Feb 2019) by the British public via BBC show “Icons” as “The Greatest Icon of the 20th Century”.

[@rikali3695]

The imitation game is all I really "know" about Alan Turing So this video was very helpful and educational!!

[@kilijanek]

I am grateful for not saying lie about Turing being the first to break Enigma code. You did good job, got topic short but thoroughly and with good study of topic :) It is rare in modern world to get such good topic analysis and easily present it to all kinds of viewers :) Keep up the good job!

[@lindavilmaole5003]

Thank you for the history of computing that ushered to us the powerful computers we have today...

[@reysiejaycuares5289]

Turing machine is an idealized computing device, consisting of a read/write head (or scanner) with a paper tape passing through it. The tape is divided into squares, each square bearing a single symbol (0 or 1, for example). This tape is the machine's general purpose storage medium, serving both as the vehicle for input and output and as a working memory for storing the results of intermediate steps of the computation. In the original article of 1936, Turing actually imagines not a mechanical machine, but a person whom he calls the computer, who executes these deterministic mechanical rules in a desultory manner.

[@skylight6820]

Linda Vilma Ole Now this episode is talking about the history of computer. According to him, Alan Turing is considered by many to be the father of modern computer science as the world knows it. He formed the concept of the algorithms and computations with one of his inventions, the Turing machine. Alan Turing was born on June 23, 1912 in England, the son of Julius and Sara Turing. So after all why are computers so important? Well, we all know that Computer is an electronic device used in almost every field even where it is most unexpected. Thus Computer has become very important nowadays because it is very much accurate, fast and can accomplish many tasks easily. Otherwise computer's ability to allow a company to organize its files efficiently leads to better time management and productivity. Thank God for more blessing:) and also ma'am thank you for addressing ud here to this crashcouse history of science channel. God bless us all.

[@iftisambalindong7381]

This history of computing is telling us how the computer scientist invented computer. With the help of each others discoveries they had invented computer. And by these invention it really helps us in doing our activities. Since the development of inventing computers is fast some computer scientist might invent a computer that shows feelings of human.

[@ainiebaldecasa8800]

Computer is very important in our life especially to the students. It can help to calculate, to solve questions, in making paper works and other matters. Yes, calculator is still existing today but computer is different because it can help to make things done easily. In fact, computer is a machine that can be programmed to perform logical tasks-like math problems automatically. But in 1950s a “computer was a person who computes usually a woman. Thankfully to the scientist who invented the computer because it is the partner of the students not just like us but to all people. Aside from that, we can access information through the computer. It helps us to be creative in our own way. Moreover, I am not an engineering student but computer is really important in my life as a student especially in making reports, assignments and making thesis. However, let us value the computer by using it in a proper way.

[@sittiealyzahespinola9303]

Computer becomes a big part of the world now, it's been part of our life since it is created. Computer helps many people not only the students but also the OFWs, employees and others. With the power of computer, we'll able o locate things easily and fastly.

[@narvuntien]

Computer Science is one of the few scientific disciplines where we didn't willfully waste half of the available human brain power by discouraging women from participating and look at what we achieved so quickly. Sure it was a bit of an accident that a job that seemed lesser and didn't involve getting dirty turned out to become one of the most important jobs in the world (computer programmer).

[@sourpineapple2410]

crash course is an amazing and entertaining way to learn👍🏻

[@BillySugger1965]

No Hank, the Antikythera Mechanism may be the only example of its kind found, but it certainly was not the only one made. Take a look at the channel Clickspring, where Chris is reconstructing the mechanism and is using many of the techniques which were used to construct it, based on detailed examination. It’s a superb exercise in both craftsmanship and experimental archaeology. These techniques were well developed, not a lucky single shot in the dark. So there had to be a developed industry making articles using the same technology. Check it out, it’s beautiful YT production. And his voice could almost turn me!

[@HugoFauzi]

It makes me angry to hear that Turing was granted "pardon", he did nothing wrong, it was the english government that should apologize.

[@bsinita_wokeone]

I know it's insane in 2016 I guess some things don't really change in the government really sad.

[@greensteve9307]

You misunderstand. A "pardon" is a legal term meaning that the charges against him are struck (cancelled) from the records. In other words, he was posthumously cleared of the charges he had been convicted of.

[@columbus8myhw]

A pardon IS the government apologizing

[@storiesreadaloud5635]

lol

[@user-td8if4fb1v]

You completely misunderstood what 'pardoned' means here in legal terms. 'Pardon' in this case means giving forgiveness (or excuse) for a previous offence.

[@MelNuesch]

Me and my boyfriend love this series. Keep them coming!!! Thank you !

[@corncolonel9171]

Do one about Rosalind Franklin and Dna!

[@youssfawawa]

I just watched The Imitation Game like 2 weeks ago. If you haven’t watched it yet drop what you’re doing right now and go watch it it’s an amazing film about Alan Turing!

[@HumbertoRamosCosta]

9:45 Well, what is said is not wrong, but don't clarify a common mistake... Hopper didn't invent Cobol, he created Flow-matic, but he took part in a group sponsored by the USDoD with the aim to create a language for Business, that would be Cobol.

[@SunnySideup2012]

After catching up all your episodes, here in time for the next one. First time watching within a day of airing. Love you guys..

[@tweaker1bms]

Fun fact: "Ultra Hut Number 8" is also a great band name!

[@jaspalsingh-mt7je]

crash course is the best channel helping the student go ahead in life lot of thx of you

[@weremeusbeuning3870]

Not a single mention of Konrad Zuse and his contributions? That's insane.

[@kristinacvetkovic5620]

Is there anything this Man doesn't know😍

[@adamc599]

Treatment of Turing was one of Britain's biggest disgraces. And that is a *high* bar.

[@nayandusoruth2468]

2:56, i think your confusing the difference and analytic engines, the difference engine being purpose built, non turing complete, whilst the analytic engine would be general purpose, turing complete computer as you describe...

[@anella94]

Are you sure that the Turing test lead to the Church-Turing Hypothesis? I was taught that the hypothesis deals with functions: any function that can be "solved" or "computed" by a human can also be computed by a machine with sufficient power. (The Turing-Machine is such a machine) So this would not have anything to do with a machine simulating the human brain. More like a machine simulating the way a brain computes a function...?

[@anthonyschroeder521]

It should be noted that the Metropolis Algorithm, and in general, Monte Carlo simulations are more and more important in literally every single field of humanity these days. Wall Street (among others) employs rapidly growing fleets of MC competent employees for economic simulations and predictions, physics, agriculture, genetics, probabilistic risk assessment, any field in the world where statistics is useful and important (aka everywhere).

[@Musica-zt6ov]

crash course guy is awesome

[@AndreaZzzXXX]

for a nerd like me, it's nice to see how many people in the comment doesn't know a bit about computer history :-) imho you forgotten some facts and you didn't talk about some of the pioneers (Konrad Zuse for example). Eventually ... congrats for this video, really well done: you got a new subscriber from Italy

[@ruudvisser4293]

Is there a way to view the sources you use for videos?

[@sisyphyus]

I would have said check in the description, but nope... There isn't anything there. I'd then suggest check their earlier "great minds" videos, as there was one about Alan Turing, and that might have some links to sources. Otherwise, I would probably assume "GOdOGLE".

[@LymonAdd]

I hope someday there will be an episode about Godel and Gilbert and XIX-XX math overall...

[@ishanisahoo499]

I'm doing a project on Turing! Thank you for this!

[@hussainfurniturewala3156]

And I legit searched Alan Turing before he said it. Proud of myself

[@marymcharg9690]

Just had an idea.... crash course art history? Not sure how, but I would find a way to watch even more crash course if that was a series

[@WhdibAoqj]

Thank you professor ❤

[@sarahhawthorne5052]

Thank you for making this!

[@MisterJasro]

Grace Hopper looks so happy in that picture.

[@TheTechnicalNirl]

Bletchley Park was also a really interesting mini-series tv show =D

[@Linkman95]

I like how the greeks invented all these things like computers and steam engines and were like "well, that was a neat thing. anyway back to other stuff"

[@RoScFan]

That s nothing. Think about China. They could easily have entered the age of science and industrial revolution centuries before europe given the huge amount of incredible inventions they were churning out but they never did. Why? One of the great questions of history.

[@varana]

Because the Industrial Revolution was not only about inventions. A whole lot of social and economic factors were also necessary for it to happen, and those were arguably even more important than the technology. In ancient Greece, the primitive steam mechanism that they developed, did not solve any real problems. It was a gadget. The Antikythera mechanism, even more so. The conditions to develop that into an industrialised economy, simply were not there. And the same with China.

[@DarkAngelEU]

@@varana So we have only become more technologically advanced because it is required to sustain our species? Interesting.

[@stkyriakoulisdr]

​@@DarkAngelEU Yes, if you dig into the history of technology from a scientific point of view, you will see that technological progress is as much a social advancement as it is a scientific one. Even more so, ANY technological term is defined by the social environment of its inception. In a sense, those ancient mechanisms were not computers and engines just because the people of the era didn't have the need nor the insight to use them as such. To me, that's a wonderful idea as it illustrates how the advancement of technology and thus science is inherently coupled to social progress.

[@abramthiessen8749]

You mention the Church-Turing Hypothesis, but not Alonzo Church. The Church-Turing Hypothesis was sort-of about brains and computers but it was more about the question of whether the class of problems solvable by a Turing Machine were the same class of problems solvable by Church's Lambda Calculus and if either of those systems were limited, was there another class of system that was more powerful than them.

[@hussainfurniturewala3156]

this was an amazing video honestly, it's partly inspirational and just great information. Thx crash course

[@tehbeard]

Interesting choice to use an image of the bombe at 4:40 , which wasn't turing complete or even programmable in the sense of loading a different set of instructions. And glossing over Colossus? The first digital, programmable computer? Although credit to you for actually mentioning atleast part of the Polish contribution.

[@QuestionMark43]

I went through this and recognized Turing and whenever he said Turing Test instantly I remembered there's a game named after it!

[@pipe2devnull]

There is an urban myth that Hopper coined the term 'bug' however its been shown that the term had been around longer than her time.

[@vsmash2]

Still pronouncing Leibniz wrong.....I think he is doing it on purpose by now. Also no name drop for Zuse.

[@sebastiansommer8976]

I agree, that Zuse should have been mentioned.

[@GreRe9]

+

[@DaDunge]

Well he pronounced it diffrently than he did before. This time he pronounced it Lejbniz before he pronounced it Leebniz. But of course it's suposed to be Lie(as in the verb)-bniz.

[@Tfin]

Come on. He still pronounces "anemone" wrong every time, and that's just a sting of sounds directly linked to letters in his native language, more or less, not this "how do people in that person's country pronounce ei" stuff.

[@greensteve9307]

He also pronounces "experiment" wrong. Don't get to hung up on his accent.

[@flavio-viana-gomide]

Extremely interesting.

[@HettyPatel]

We tend to punish brilliant minds for stupid reasons...

[@DagarCoH]

Somehow Snowden came to my mind. More brave than brilliant though, maybe.

[@RyanCahoon]

Small correction: the term "bit" was created by John Tukey, not Claude Shannon

[@cagethemouse]

Amazing, how large computers like the ENIAC were!

[@johnblaze8774]

Can someone make or point me in the direction of a video that explains how a computer works? I want it in real lamens terms. If I was stuck on an island with all the elements and the means to mine and manipulate them, how do I make Windows 10?

[@attentiontodetale]

Watch Crash Course Computing!

[@DagarCoH]

Dunno about a "computers for dummies" source, but why would you ever want to make Win10?

[@barskaya8871]

i love you alan

[@jordanmakesmaps]

Intro: "...think as fast as humans...", haven't we passed that if we're talking about computation tasks?

[@ryan-jamesbragg4467]

If only the books were mentioned were in the link

[@Dayglodaydreams]

Is he going good to talk about Foucault at the end of the series?

[@roberteschner596]

Still waiting on that Tesla episode

[@vasilstefanov4112]

Why does every computer history course forget the Atanasoff-Berry computer?

[@DagarCoH]

... and Zuse?

[@jeffdlc1501]

On what playlist is this?

[@robchr]

Why no Lambda Calculus? Turing's Thesis advisor Alonzo Church had invented it before Turing's Turing Machine.

[@steverocksyo]

It's cool that they could invent theories about stuff that didn't exist.

[@DragoniteSpam]

This isn't really related, but does anyone else sometimes just drag a program window around their desktop for a minute and wonder about all of the many many people and moving pieces that had to happen in order to just let you _do_ that? . . . I need to get out more.

[@fatemonkey]

Well, I don’t wonder, I know exactly how.

[@rileypegram277]

0:37 bada lada lada la

[@fuego2606]

Oh yes only English speakers thought about computers that seems logical. There were no guy in Germany inventing the first computer and thinking of the first programming language called zuse. You're right.

[@DarkAngelEU]

They're mericuns, what did you expect?

[@Brandonhayhew]

Granting Robots human rights is just plain ridiculous, they are machines.

[@mrseanpaul81]

CORRECTION!!!: John Von Neumann (possibly the smartest man to have ever lived) was not a physicist. He made contributions to physics but he was through and through a mathematician!!! :-p

[@PatrickAllenNL]

A women invented the first compiler and programming language! Let tha t sink in for a moment 😀

[@talideon]

One of the first. Zuse's Plankalkuel came earlier, as did FORTRAN. Her earlier FLOW-MATIC is, if anything, more important, as it was the first one designed for accessibility to a relative layperson, using English statements rather than a terse, opaque notation. It's arguable whether Hopper's A-0 was the first compiled language, as it was more like a modern-day linker, but it was certainly a _major_ step. FORTRAN was probably the first language with what we'd recognise now as a compiler.

[@BillySugger1965]

And another coined the term Software Engineering...

[@scragglewaggle4109]

So how does the Bomba tie into adventure time?

[@congaspy2058]

“Human, listen carefully. You need my help, and I need your help.”

[@francoislacombe9071]

There is a Crash Course Computer Science for those who want more detailed information about computers.

[@sisyphyus]

Plus a "Great Minds" Episode about Alan Turing as well.

[@neuron1618]

4A. Conclusions: But... they are. Edit: wait, why are you not indexing your conclusions properly? There are multiple 4As!

[@kd1s]

Well we're getting closer and closer to infinite memory. I mean storage has gotten humungus with SAN, NAS etc.

[@thorandlundeve]

In a job interview... Ada Lovelace : I am the world's first programmer Charles Babbage : and what programming language you know ? Ada Lovelace : ... your machine's 😶

[@sundhaug92]

I'm a bit disappointed how Flowers, Weichman, is largely written out of the history, and how the episode doesn't cover the workings of the differential engine, and how it's different from modern computers and the differential engine. Still, I recognize the episode has a limited amount of time

[@AbbeyRoadkill1]

That's the problem with this ten minute video format of teaching. In such a limited amount of time you have no choice but to leave some things out and only give a partial picture... a rough overview, really.

[@SunriseFireberry]

Wow. And I'd expect Americans to magnify the role of American John von Neumann when it came to the early dev't of the computer.

[@beedykh2235]

Ancient humans made us, as a high advanced machines looking and thinking similar to them. Then a huge catastrophe destroyed them. We survived because they made us tougher. So here we are. Just a funny theory. You are welcome to add to it.

[@marcjall]

Good vide ❤️

[@AmbitiousLearnWithGeorge]

"We may hope that machines will eventually compete with men in all purely intellectual fields." - A.T.