The Computer Chronicles - Computer Graphics (1984)

[@fordxbgtfalcon]

This is such an excellent episode. The entire series of the Computer chronicles is of historical importance. I’m extremely pleased to live in a time where one can just whip out a device while on the go and watch shows like this.

[@helldad4689]

they have some late 80s early 90s episodes on the early internet that are super cool. lots of good predictions (and the bad ones are fun too lol). this series really is a phenomenal historical document.

[@Valitzu777]

I would have been around 10 when I saw this episode on PBS... afterward of course, I would go back to my humble little c64, stare at the RF-connected 14" b&w TV screen, displaying the c64 powerup screen, and its blinking cursor... just sit there, minutes on end... daydreaming of one day, owning such a powerful machine like SG... :) Guess I'm still doing the same thing, the difference is now I'm daydreaming of an RTX4090ti :)

[@Danuxsy]

at this time I was like - (minus) 15 yrs old

[@tahustvedt]

The roll up tie is the greatest moment in television history.

[@rogueamp]

never thought i'd hear cheifet say something was sexy

[@ens8502]

#metoo 😅

[@99pang]

The Geometry Engine referred to in this clip evolved through many generations at SGI and then migrated with the SGI graphics engineering team to nVidia where they developed the monster Tesla GPU - a supercomputer in a card. In that respect the legacy of SGI still lives and dominates high-end computing.

[@NeblogaiLT]

SGI-> ArtX startup-> bought by ATi->AMD. One of them, David Wang, is now SVP of AMD corporation, responsible for engineering of Radeon Technology Group. There is also Joe Macri, who is working with graphics memory, and some who have retired already.

[@markarca6360]

Silicon Graphics International was eventually bought by HPE (Hewlett Packard Enterprise).

[@linuxretrogamer]

Both 3Dfx and the PS1 GPU had their roots in SGi tech.

[@0raffie0]

That last system was pretty impressive for 1984.

[@markarca6360]

The Quantel Paintbox is the great grandfather of graphics software like After Effects.

[@randywatson8347]

I find it still amazing for it's time.

[@joseph9770]

SGI was only a few years old here and they were already kicking ass! :-)

[@photo_n_art]

I remember those days, when rendering single frame of 3d graphic on my computer was taking anywhere form few hours to few days depending on the complexity

[@neoasura]

Man, to be able to see those 3D Polygonal graphics in real time would have blown my mind in 1984. Silicon Graphics were really ahead of the curve back then.

[@zeldaoot23]

And to think that only 9 years later similar graphics were being produced on a $200 video game console (SNES) with games like Star Fox. It was a time of rapid, conspicuous progress.

[@-x21-]

@@zeldaoot23 Honestly I don't think the SuperFX could do half of what the IRIS did.

[@HPPalmtopTube]

@@zeldaoot23 Hey, No way, As an SGI collector who owns several of their workstatins, I can tell you the SGI IRIS systems as shown in this video ran with resolutions from 1024x768 up to 1280x1024 in 24bit colour and used full 32bit precision floating point geometry and shading/stencil/Z-buffer calculations, with proper lightsource(s) and phong shaded surfaces at respectable framerates. They also could handle, at a usable frame rate, up to 1000 triangles or so, while Star Fox never had more than 50 or 60 triangles on the screen at once. The amount of computation the IRIS did was orders of magnitude higher what the Star Fox cartridge could muster... (Which didn''t even use any lighting and shading and used 16 bit integer arithmetic at a paltry 256x224 in 8bit colour) Look at the size of that system. Now imaging inside it's got 5 to 7 boards the size of AT motherboards packed in, everyone of them filled with custom chips. For 1984 this was truly marvelous performance. The IRIS's power was comparable to a Pentium CPU running at ~120MHz running OpenGL in software. And remember that this was at the same time as the release of the IBM PC/XT, which used CGA graphics and had a 8088 CPU @ 4.77MHz :)

[@darvindillon8525]

Well it's nice to know a 68K and Wacom tablet could do that in 1984

[@fake12396]

68K and a custom 3D processor, in a $100K machine

[@michaelturner4457]

Well a 68000 controlling $100,000+ of dedicated hardware.

[@mokhtar_One_u_Key]

I would have loved this show back then

[@richardfeynman5560]

Back in the early 80's comuter graphics were among the most exciting things anyone could think of. There were talented people that could do the most astounding things with the very limited machines of the era. You can say that of course about almost everything that the computer wizards of those days could achieve. Memory was so scarce and the machines were so slow, but still there was for example a chess program written in BASIC for the Sinclair ZX81 that fit in it's 1KB of RAM! Every byte, every bit was so precious. Today memory and processing speed are often wasted, a simple flashlight app for your smartphone can consume a Megabyte or even more...

[@mikakorhonen5715]

How was your role in Manhattan project? Wasted some human lifes.

[@ssokolow]

True, but that's the value trade-off. CPU time and RAM get cheaper and cheaper while the cost of human time remains the same. The upside is that you wind up with coding becoming accessible to people without the knack for that kind of hyper-optimization... leading to, among other things, some great indie games that might otherwise never have existed.

[@urgemore]

Brings to mind for me the "demo scene" in my Commodore 64 days.

[@urgemore]

​​@ssokolow That's an interesting and valuable point I'd never considered.

[@Danuxsy]

computer graphics is an incredibly hot topic these days too with the advent of ray-tracing, path tracing and neural net integration such as DLSS and Frame Generation (Nvidia) and also the papers on neural materials and neural radiance cache (also nvidia), NERFS, among others...exciting times ahead!

[@paulmichaelfreedman8334]

14:35 "and now we're off the grou-" Cheifet OK yes very impressive next subject!

[@PhoenixNL72-DEGA-]

@20:20 "How far can you go with this techhnology? Will we get to the point were we can be replaced by animated people?" And nowadays we have concerts with holographic performers on stage that have died years ago....

[@CaseyRevoir]

00:07:43 Michael was so excited he missed a great opportunity for Sepia Tone. Excitement had a lower bar back then. (invert and mirror functions oh my!) Good Times. 00:18:36 Ann's tracing here is amazing. Woot woot!

[@DennisTamayo]

In 1980s, Hanna-Barbera had the Computer Animation System software for digital inking & painting in shows such as Yogi's Treasure Hunt & the 1st season of A Pup Named Scooby-Doo.

[@Stanley_A._Hunt]

My first foray into computer art was on an Atari 130XE with Atari Touch Tablet and Atari Micro Illustrator. That was 160 x 192 pixels with 4 onscreen colours from a choice of 128 (16 hues x 8 shades). These days it's a Wacom Intuos and a 4K monitor.

[@nitramluap]

17:30 - "...very different to individual 'pic cell' (pixel) operations..." - sounded weird, but then I realised that's how the word pixel is probably derived. A PICture CELL. Hah...

[@paulmichaelfreedman8334]

Pixel was derived from "PICture ELement" At least this is the main concensus.

[@BdR76]

9:29 "now let's move up from the simple Koala Pad to something more sophisticated". Cheifet just disrespects his guest right there.

[@ryanwiseman9141]

BdR76I said the same thing to myself. I mocked Cheifet, having him say "fuck all this noise. Let's see some cool shit" Bravo good sir!

[@Fuzy2K]

He wasn't belittling the guest's tablet, he was saying that it was more sophisticated than the Koala Pad he was using at 1:05.

[@wesbat9012]

They moved on to a system that ran custom hardware to process float point 3D arithmetic in real time. It is considerably more sophisticated.

[@nickwallette6201]

The less sophisticated Koala Pad he was comparing to, was his own from the top of the show - not the Apple II system his first guest was using.

[@michaelturner4457]

@DextersTechLab has been doing a lot of work restoring and showing the Quantel Paintbox, and other Quantel hardware.

[@julianjames1971]

4:25 Could they have made the bezels on that monitor any bigger??

[@oubrioko]

18:36 The inspiration for that scene in *_Rising Sun_* (1993) with Wesley Snipes, Sean Connery, Tia Carrere

[@ma_er233]

6 MFLOPS in a huge high end workstation from 1984. Now 40 years later we have multiple TFLOPS in a phone, crazy.

[@Magnus_Loov]

Five years later we had "The Abyss", which really was the first non-cartoon big time CGI-assisted movie (Tron and the likes were more cartoonish. The abyss looked "real"). I think it was Silicon Graphics machines that was used for that one (and later Terminator 2). Amazing development in those few years!

[@yellowblanka6058]

Yeah, pity that Moore's Law seems to have hit a wall ages ago.

[@SanctusBacchus]

@@yellowblanka6058 yeah, the wall being named "physics". Just can't make transistors much smaller before quantom interactions are a concern.

[@aarongreenfield9038]

​@@SanctusBacchus Yes, and even the speed of light itself is a big limiting factor in the speed of which modern processors can run today. That's why it's all about more cores cores cores, rather than more speed. Most modern processors are a good deal slower than Processors of say mid to early 2000s, in terms of gigahertz.

[@ChatGPT1111]

I was blown away by Abyss when I saw it. Always stood out as the first lifelike cgi movie and we have not progressed much since then tbh.

[@cyberyogicowindler2448]

​@@aarongreenfield9038 More gigahertz = more heat (unless you make photonic CPUs) and smaller = faster due to light speed, which increases with integration density. But miniaturizing too much makes atoms bounce around, making chips shortlived. So the insane technology of SSD memory (which is DRAM with 1 year refresh rate) will lead to the mankind's dark streaming age of that nothing was left that future archeologists could identify (beside decomposed remains of mysterious dead small black mirrors once known as smartphones), so mankind had to start over again another times from the soon approaching next stoneage.

[@OPTIONALWATCH]

16:48 you can hear those units were loud. I wonder what would they say if I showed up with a Windows 98 and showed them "MS-PAINT."

[@K3vyB]

Playing alyx with this video pinned to dash is so quaint.

[@mrflamewars]

The countdown at the beginning of this one doesn't have the boops :(

[@fmartin59]

I was thrown off by that as well.

[@wohlhabendermanager]

Yeah, I thought my pc speakers had died for 10 seconds there...

[@codewarrior145]

SGI were pioneers in computer graphics their workstations were so expensive but big companies like Nintendo used them to render graphics for games on SNES like Donkey Kong.

[@Real_The_Goof]

My, how advanced we've become. These guys have no idea where we'd be years later. Jesus.. and i was 4 years old when this aired.. hole lee crap

[@dillyanvillan4024]

14:50 whats happening to his tie?

[@AdamsOlympia]

This SGI computer cost around 80 grand, about a quarter of a million in todays money. 6 million floating point ops per second! Owning such a computer would have been beyond my wildest dreams as a kid. Now I have a GPU that does 81 trillion floating point ops per second, that I just take for granted (4090) .. You could get a render farm that'll handle over 5000 trillion FLOPS per sec for the price of that SGI! Mind boggling

[@HPPalmtopTube]

81TFLOPS !?!? You have a GeForce RTX 4090 ??? Lucky-Lucky :) -- About SGI systens, check out LGR's review of my SGI Indigo2 workstation I borrowed him: kzbin.info/www/bejne/kHXbfZRshZuYrsU

[@sbrazenor2]

Computer graphics... what a fad. I'm sure that will never catch on. what next, 3D? LOL :)

[@JohnnnyJohn]

Is it just me, or is Herb just a lovable guy? I just wanna give him a big hug and call him grandpa!

[@thedungeondelver]

If you have an nVidia card, you have some of the DNA of that Iris system in your computer.

[@-x21-]

Also AMD cards.

[@cyberyogicowindler2448]

It began AFAIK with Nintendo 64 where SGI stuff slowly leaked into consumer hardware. (My 22'' Trinitron CRT monitor I am typing on is from SGI.)

[@wildone106]

10:26 powered by a small refrigerator..

[@user-yl4lf9mh1w]

priced at 160,000 dollars

[@DavidJG242]

Great episode, I like computer graphics

[@johto]

i like turtles 😏

[@DavidJG242]

@@johto ninja turtles?

[@johto]

@@DavidJG242 Heheh

[@wallacelang1374]

I am an artist who likes to draw and paint pictures, however there are times when I would have liked to have a computer assist me at increasing the quality and the output of my artwork.

[@vizionaryentertainment8464]

4:47 "Computer systems used to create these images aren't designed to replace artist, but assist them." Well 40 years later CG animation has all but replaced hand drawn animation and A.I. will replace everything soon

[@Sinn0100]

The year is 2023....and I'm currently playing Starfield Premium Edition Early Release. The reason I bring this up is to compare where we were in 1983 to where we are today...40 years later. It's truly staggering to see the little art program they play with at the beginning of the show compared to what I'm playing right now, mind blowing.

[@stevetrop]

When showing the Airplane demo in this episode, I could only picture their expressions if a time traveler were to show up there and let them see the latest Microsoft Flight Simulator, and that you can travel all around the world in that PC application. The advancement of computer graphics have gone so far now.

[@Sinn0100]

@@stevetrop Absolutely! Did you know that Flight Simulatorcan also be fully experienced on a 500 dollar consol

[@TheUtuber999]

14:24 Uh... might want to get off the ground before raising the flaps?

[@DavePoo2]

And this is the year before the Money for Nothing video that was created with the Quantel Paint Box

[@PeterMLadey]

It's amazing that within 10 years of this episode, Toy Story would be made

[@MrBratkenSolov]

+Peter M. Ladey It's amazing that Lucas studio made a short CGI movie in 1984 already. Or 85... or 86. Don't remember =) Also "Young Sherlock Holmes" from 1985 had fully computer generated character in it. Also there was CAD software in.......... 60s already so actually computer graphics weren't something innovative

[@livesimplyandhumbly]

+Peter M. Ladey Tron was made in 1982.

[@ruthlessadmin]

and now, even consumer grade cards have way more than enough horsepower to make your own version of Toy Story at home! lol

[@PeterMLadey]

That's just crazy to me. Same with certain recording technologies

[@ImpetuouslyInsane]

Don't forget the cartoon ReBoot came out before even Toy Story.

[@ShamrockParticle]

Who could not love Quantel?

[@wildone106]

7:00 god updating the image must have taken MONTHS at that speed

[@Ltulrich]

Kevin - Gavin from Slow mo guys dad?

[@bourehimyoussef111]

The first artist was probably crying when he saw the last system

[@Blackadder75]

the first system cost $500, the 2nd one would be $5000 if not $25000

[@moow950]

@@Blackadder75 Much more. Think about $100000

[@HikikomoriDev]

the ending was epic...

[@andersdenkend]

Man, Anne Chase really knows how to use that tablet. Meanwhile I am struggling with my Wacom One.

[@ens8502]

9:52 lol they lie to us, its young RUTGER HAUER !

[@lolman123401]

dat slow fill

[@CaptchaNeon]

Out of all the things I can’t imagine saying “sexy” is at the top of the list but here we areeeee

[@taquiupa]

It makes my smartphone seem a super computer.

[@JaredConnell]

Your Phone is much more powerful than super computers from the 80s and 90s lol

[@TookMe20min2findThis]

for now. Eventually your current smartphone will look like toilet paper to future generations.

[@NickKont]

Well took about 40 years to make brush manufactures to worry but the thought counts! lol

[@piggypiggypig1746]

It's easy to look back at the early days of computer graphics and mock, so that's what I'm going to do. 🤣 Seriously though, the future that Cheifet alluded to towards the end of the programme about real people being replaced by computer graphics and animated with words has now arrived, something that even the old comments in this video had not yet been realised.

[@dorugu]

wonderwhatthe'd sayif we took those guys frm -84 n showed em our games our lap tops n computers :)

[@JacobJonesy]

Wow a 3 million byte image!? That's actually pretty impressive for 1984 lol

[@Blackadder75]

silicon graphics were always leagues ahead of the normal pc business. but their hardware would cost a fortune, $50,000 or more sometimes. those would be used by the real professional markets, universities, movie studios etc.

[@doburu4835]

It's so fucking slow, I feel privileged

[@experimentaltvextv6538]

The late great Ken Nordine. Voice over

[@chrismofer]

14:48 lmao his tie

[@wildone106]

5:23 why does every guest on this show look like serial killers lmao

[@wildone106]

14:18 gdamn thats amazing

[@oksyar]

Oh God, Someone get that guy 96 core Threadripper paired with Quad 4090 GPUs.

[@wildone106]

Why does everyone in the 80s look like serial killers?!

[@SageManeja]

+Neo Racer i think its the outfit haha

[@ryanwiseman9141]

God Damn!!! i wanted to like your comment six times! Fuck yeah!

[@BoomBox02]

And now in 2020, people look like total douche bags.

[@chrismofer]

20:20 interesting question from Stewart regarding Vtubers haha

[@oo0Spyder0oo]

Only a short few months and the Amiga would make these look old, even the brilliant deluxe paint would turn the software shown here upside down.

[@danielleehim3077]

Yes with the trusty motorola 68000 cpu absolute work horse in the late 80 and 90s. Then came the video toaster and lightwave and it was all over... well in the TV world at least

[@cyberyogicowindler2448]

Amiga 1000 was fairly expensive (not more than IBM AT) but nothing like a Paintbox or SGI, those AFAIK e.g. had hardware antialiasing, which was the cat's meow of that time. And Paintbox AFAIK could use live video pixel coordinates instead of RGB colours as pixel values in a picture, and so map realtime distorted live videos into bitmap graphics.

[@greg6500]

This episode gets creepy when seen from 2024

[@johnpro2847]

iIstill play grand prix legends which was released in 1998..albeit the graphics have been upgraded by enthusiasts as the game has been abandoned.

[@valley_robot]

Did everyone in the 70s and 80s have a comb over or is it just how I remember it

[@kingcrimson234]

I would love to send a modern GeForce or Radeon HD equipped i7 complete system back in time to these guys and see wtf they say. I'd install a few modern games and send it on it's way. Gary Kildall might have died on the spot.

[@Pablo123456x]

kingcrimson234 Actually, he did.

[@JaredConnell]

I'd send them a $30 cell phone or raspberry pi and tell them how much it costs and how we basically throw these things away every 1-2 years that are thousands of times more powerful than a super computer from 25 years ago lol. makes you wonder what will be possible in another 25 years..

[@oldtwinsna8347]

Guys like Kildall would realize the technical possibilities were within reach. He just would not understand how the use of such systems are utilized for trivial things, such as watching porn. immediately to his mind would be, "What kind of atomic research is this system being used for in 2018?"

[@PhoenixNL72-DEGA-]

@John Allen and at the same time! ;)

[@wohlhabendermanager]

@ungratefulmetalpansy All of the things you described have changed a lot since 1984. Unless you have been living under a rock.

[@gtubgle]

Why so serious?

[@emanuel_soundtrack]

they are pissed off by so much revolution haha

[@kdw75]

The silicon graphics machine doesn't look any better than my Tandy 1000TX that I had a couple years later.

[@nanthilrodriguez]

@14:49 Dat 80's sense of humor doh

[@popocop975]

It's funny to see superpowerful Silicon Graphics computer loading data from floppy disk. Were the harddisks too expensive?

[@Finallybianca]

Yes winchester drives were at that time

[@wildone106]

I wish I could go back in time knowing what I know now, AND RULE THE 80S!!!!!!!!!!

[@oldtwins]

They knew, through Moore's law, what could be achieved. What they couldn't conceive are the implications to how society would use the technology in everyday life. This is exemplified right in this video where Stewart asks the SGI VP what purpose would anyone want to have with a computer capable of this - everything "professional" was mentioned, but nothing about how it would just be gaming for everyday people that would drive the mass sales of these devices. Just like the effect of the Internet on society today - keep in mind they already had online system back in the early 80s, even ecommerce, but nobody conceived the average person would be doing what we are today online.

[@Phenom98]

NEO O Hmm... I doubt you would find today's tech knowledge useful in the 80s. Do you know how to make 10nm process chips?

[@cubematrixstudio7605]

@@oldtwins I remember while talking to a friend of mine in 1992 that one day we would be watching movies at home over the internet... He laughed so hard while telling me that it would never happen, that technology would never have that kind of capability and even if computers could pull that off, get this... that «people would never stay home to watch movies on a small screen». Brother was he ever mistaken.

[@PhoenixNL72-DEGA-]

@@cubematrixstudio7605 And now a large percentage of folks watch movies and tv shows on their 5" phone screen XD while they have a 40" or larger TV. (Which btw is considerably bigger then TV's were back in the early 90s)

[@wohlhabendermanager]

@@PhoenixNL72-DEGA- Yes, we are doing technology wrong. Back in '69 people looked at very low res images from the moon on large screens (cinema) or large versions of the blurry photos (newspapers). Today we are looking at high res images from Mars on very tiny 5" phone screens...

[@brucepierson9941]

I've been in cringe software demos like that. That guy has my sympathy.

[@Danuxsy]

😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@BimBims]

first flight simulator @14:24

[@wohlhabendermanager]

The first Microsoft Flight Simulator was released in 1982, though.

[@cyberyogicowindler2448]

Nope. First digital flight simulators were by Evans & Sutherland in late 1970th with much more impressive graphics (using many million $ expensive supercomputers). On my driving simulator history playlist are many examples.

[@lazyfreedom98]

closed eye imaging

[@sonicjms]

ah the beginning of deepfakes

[@madfinntech]

They used blast processing...

[@jolly1039]

LOL my god!!! How advance has we become lol

[@christineayres5339]

18 min mark Rupert Grinch of Harry potter fame lol

[@TookMe20min2findThis]

And here we are commenting and sometimes mocking this outdated technology. But let's just think for a second how ridiculous and backwards our current technology is! Technology is growing at an extremely fast pace (almost exponentially). One can only wonder where Quantum computing and AI will bring us. Talk about a game changer that will make all of us reading this, stone age clowns.

[@cyberyogicowindler2448]

May be quantum computer AI brings us right into a world of Butlerian Jihad (see "Dune" novels), i.e. a mankind that had barely survived a rebellion of machines and so outlawed most kinds of AI to survive (or stay the dominant species) and learned to use mystical capabilities instead.

[@aplmak1]

Hmmm.. where could Microsoft have gotten ideas for MS Flight Simulator?? Hmmm..

[@jcp012000]

Hilarious rogueamp !

[@julianjames1971]

5:50 being bald with long hair doesnt really go does it......

[@gillmariemelvacjones3113]

9:50 clon woody harrelson with hair in 80s

[@AshtonCoolman]

The Commodore, MSX, and other computers at this time were years ahead of IBM compatibles at this time. It's a shame more of them weren't showcased on this show at the time. They would have set imaginations on fire.

[@oldtwinsna8347]

Commodore? They only had the C128 as their premier system in 1984. Amiga was still a prototype.

[@cyberyogicowindler2448]

Watch what Atari 400 could do in 1978. The thing was far ahead of Apple 2 and IBM XT and in many aspects better than Commodore C64 (only RAM was only 16KB because it was the most expensive part of homecomputers until about 1983).

[@Lurker1979]

I am a animator, computers have not shortened any. Take just as long to create a good 3d animation as it does to do 2d hand drawn animation.

[@ezydenias8505]

Lurker1979 well it is the same the difference between 3d and traditional hand drawn animation is that there is less monotony work (repeat to draw cell after cell, color the in cell after cell) but more to set up. Even for the final rendering you need specialists to make it run quick and gives good results. And it is so harder not to make them float in 3d animation. Wait habdrawn is mostly soulless monotony? Why has it more soul according to some snobbish hipsters?

[@TheGreatAtario]

20:20 Stewart Cheifet predicting vtubers

[@linuxretrogamer]

6.4MFLOPS in 1983 12.1TFLOPS in 2020 (XBox Series X)

[@netowork3d]

15:16 I like to look for people sometimes... Instagram...

[@greg6500]

Holy crap! I had a Koala tablet!!!

[@alfredooliva5175]

15:59 Never knew Bill Gates had an english accent//

[@linuxretrogamer]

20:21 welcome to the world of Internet deep fakes...

[@jakubkrcma]

🤣👍

[@mitchellwodach2215]

5:20 holy fucking five head Batman!!

[@BryonLape]

The quite early days.

[@magnum333]

Hahaha, a more upbeat message! Look at that hideous image loading on the screen!