The Crusades - Pilgrimage or Holy War?: Crash Course World History #15

In which John Green teaches you about the Crusades embarked upon by European Christians in the 12th and 13th centuries. Our traditional perception of the Crusades as European Colonization thinly veiled in religion isn't quite right. John covers the First through the Fourth Crusades, telling you which were successful, which were well-intentioned yet ultimately destructive, and which were just plain crazy. Before you ask, no, he doesn't cover the Children's Crusade, in which children were provoked to gather for a Crusade, and then promptly sold into slavery by the organizers of said Crusade. While this story is charming, it turns out to be complete and utter hooey.
Chapters:
Introduction: The Crusades 00:00
What Prompted the Crusades? 0:44
The First Crusade 1:44
An Open Letter to Animal Crackers 2:45
What Motivated the Crusaders? 3:24
The Third Crusade 6:20
The Fourth Crusade 7:55
What Did The Crusades Accomplish? 9:50
Credits 10:50
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[@punkofnewjerseyxx6212]

"We're gonna skip the second crusade because it bores me" Dude thats the one i have a project on!

[@hotsoss1095]

rip

[@wms72]

It must have been good

[@osmanbarber3655]

All you need to know was they kept raping each other and Islam got ahold of it

[@1zc5]

F

[@UltimatePowa]

Yeah he kinda skipped quite a few parts, especially the specifics of how the crusades started.

[@sweaterketchup2730]

knuckles: cracked Constantinople: sacked yup. *_I T ' S C R U S A D E R T I M E_*

[@DynamicAndrew]

It's Always Sunny in the Holy Roman Empire

[@Craig-gq4gb]

Alex Miller Underrated thread my brothers ✝️

[@Rapidbeatsofficial]

Actual Factual ?

[@WilliamJones-Halibut-vq1fs]

Marxist “historian” peddling fake history of crusades.

[@lordcommandernox9197]

@@WilliamJones-Halibut-vq1fs thank you for your opinion, we hate it

[@darcy458]

views are gonna skyrocket now because of home learning...

[@legolover6619]

Good. KZbin needs more educational channels, less men wearing makeup and twerking channels

[@AMPSLY]

@@legolover6619 how old are you and how long has it been since you've seen the internet lmao

[@Commanber]

They couldn't just sack the largest city in Christendom, could they? "The Gang Sacks Constantinople"

[@trihermawan9553]

Imagine having to fight Muslim in the crusade - this comment is created by the 4th crusader gang

[@theredstonesword984]

@Msg of Yitzhak Kaduri Jesus already beat Satan it's called the crucifixion and resurrection.

[@ahmedlightsauraziz7355]

@Msg of Yitzhak Kaduri yeah they weren't. Also jesus is not equal to yahweh in authority

[@ahmedlightsauraziz7355]

@Msg of Yitzhak Kaduri jesus is saint Michael the Archangel

[@ahmedlightsauraziz7355]

@Msg of Yitzhak Kaduri thx bro . I suppose he is not st Michael right. But he is between Michael and yahweh in authority above Michael but under God the father

[@ceoofworldpeace8901]

The Byzantines calling upon the Pope for help was HUGE because the two did NOT get along. The Byzantines were desperate for help against warring Muslims. That's just history.

[@redberry33]

Yeah but Serbian Space Marine Chapters are more interesting

[@DADchs13]

+Serbian Space Marines Thats like the French only helping the American Colonies during the revolution because at the time France didnt get along with England, and only wanted England to lose, not the US to win. The US being Byzantines and France being the Pope I guess.

[@williewillie5622]

well the pope at the time was excommunicated by the Holy Roman emperor lol

[@humanoidtyphoon1904]

+willie willie And the Byzantine Emperor and Ecunumerical Patriarch (basically the Orthodox Pope) were excommunicated by the Pope as well. :D

[@Siegbert85]

+willie willie you mean the emperor (rather German king at this time) was excommunicated by the pope.

[@ljjoonghost]

The 4th Crusade: when the side quest affects the main mission. Edit: it’s been a year and I didn’t realize this comment got this many likes, thanks y’all

[@amandag.6186]

@@TomCruz54321 *destroys it instead of the attackers*

[@Frame_Late]

Imagine going on a crusade and ending up sacking the largest Christian city in Europe.

[@daniyalharoon639]

😂😂😂

[@ljjoonghost]

Floppy Cat you certainly deserves one🏆

[@nadima.george9499]

They built 500 ships but only 11,000 crusaders showed up because you know I've got other stuff to do etc... Exactly how the area 51 raid will end up

[@ishaansingh2759]

You weren't wrong

[@maadelynj]

this aged well

[@fridazapata1696]

yes

[@axiexo]

Me cramming for an exam: “ugh I’m so stuck on the Second Crusade. Ooooh! Crash Course has a video on it. **6 mins 20 seconds later** DAMN IT JOHN!!

[@Alamandorious]

This is why I keep saying it's impossible to truly judge people of the past by the morals of today (when I say this, I'm speaking of era's, not physical dates). The best thing to do is simply acknowledge that what happened, happened, and learn from it. Don't be afraid of it, and don't forget, because those that forget the lessons of history are doomed to repeat it.

[@Zorro9129]

Indeed. We need to make sure that next crusade is successful.

[@Craig-gq4gb]

Zorro9129 Yes brother

[@azazeldryland3997]

I just joined for the crusader trait...

[@CollinBuckman]

Same

[@CollinBuckman]

collin rheaume I hate when the Pope calls for an insane Crusade. Like Cumania? Really? Or a nation in India? What?!

[@azazeldryland3997]

Collin Buckman But those India Achievements tho...

[@CollinBuckman]

Azazel Dryland The crusade lost by a landslide. I didn't even join. I mean, why should I? I've won Jerusalem, Cumania, and Norway through crusades so what do I need India for?

[@azazeldryland3997]

Free heaven pass after all those you assassinated all your inbred cousins

[@mynewdirectcars1841]

I can’t even believe this is 11 years old. Well made with great commitment.

[@charlesmcmillion5118]

"Hey, guys - let's go kill our enemies in the name of the guy who taught us to love our enemies!"

[@ziyadpepe6291]

😂😂😂😂😂

[@Craig-gq4gb]

Charles McMillion You clearly are an Islamic apologist

[@charlesmcmillion5118]

@@Craig-gq4gb Sorry, Cletus, but I'm Agnostic. You didn't win anything today, but we will send you home with a nice consolation prize.

[@Craig-gq4gb]

Charles McMillion aGnOsTiC

[@kickbutoxy1218]

What are you talking about? They loved their enemies with swords and spears

[@jackstinson3712]

3:19 Reality is often disappointing -Purple Homer Simpson

[@thepengu1no227]

haha, nice Thanos quote

[@lincolnpepper816]

@@thepengu1no227 Purple Homer Simpson quote*

[@MJ-cq6gz]

I love Crash Course videos, but this one was especially good. It's so easy to blame war on religion, thank you for explaining the more complex motives underneath!

[@RustyShackleford1066]

Eh religion was still used to justify them.

[@MJ-cq6gz]

If you want to oversimplify things, then sure, you can say that.

[@chalsfo]

Jacob Lively Just as democracy is.. or ideologi.. or sekularism.. whats your point

[@RustyShackleford1066]

chalsfo *Secularism. Religion was used to to justify the crusades, also Secularism isn't used to justify wars.

[@MJ-cq6gz]

Jacob Lively Unless you count communists persecuting religious people, like in the Soviet Union or China.

[@danamichelle5279]

AP World Test tomorrow. Pray for me!

[@gracecarter3259]

same. watching at 1.25 speed to try to get as many in as possible and missing out on information by typing this. oops

[@Dylan_Dav]

Same

[@maddyfinke363]

Same, good luck guys

[@ND-wq6hw]

We can do this.

[@rachelbenincasa7452]

Grace Carter same same same

[@stulog]

When I think of motivations the crusaders had, I think of the peasants. If I were a peasant at the time, and somebody gave me the opportunity to go on a crusade, I would go without thinking twice. When you think about it, for those people it would be a choice of staying stuck on your farm working the same ol' field day after day, just as your family has for generations, or you can say "screw it all" and go off on a big adventure traveling across Europe with a bunch of other wistful people who want to get away from everything.

[@Stardweller1]

After his explanation of the Fourth Crusade, I ended up doing something of a mental facepalm.

[@SockPuppet80]

+Eric Naylor I'm not sure how he can, after that summary, still speak up for the spiritual motivation of the crusaders and talk about their laudable zealotry and whatnot. By that point their goals were 100% pragmatic and earthly. They didn't give two shits about excommunication or penance or the holy land.

[@Stardweller1]

SockPuppet80 Either that or they'd managed to convince themselves that they'd already earned their way into Heaven simply by joining up. Though it could also be that the Byzantines of Constantinople practiced a different form of Christianity than the Crusaders.

[@SockPuppet80]

But they didn't get excommunicated for sacking Constantinople, they got excommunicated before that, for sacking a Catholic town in modern day Croatia just for the loot (to pay the Venetians for the ride).

[@Stardweller1]

SockPuppet80 Yeah, but again, they might have figured that they' already earned a ticket to Heaven. Really, though, who knows?

[@danlorett2184]

+Eric Naylor The Fourth Crusade was literally the biggest disaster to ever befall Christendom. It sealed the fate of the Byzantine Empire, forever estranged the Eastern Orthodox Church from the Catholic Church, and handed one of the most important, populous, and wealthy Christian cities in the world directly over to muslims. The Hagia Sophia is still covered in muslim graffiti even today.

[@travispepe553]

The only reason I like the crusades is to get that nice crusader trait that gives you +3 martial

[@footnotetodescartes9516]

Ey that total war refernce doe.

[@michaeladams5318]

FootnotetoDescartes 95 Crusader Kings 2 actually

[@bellybuttonbenjamin1037]

Came to see people argue about religion was not disappointed

[@mrbenoit5018]

Belly Button Benjamin really? Conservative liberal.

[@ziggystardust7725]

@@sonalily6839 you clearly missed the joke of that comment

[@dankim1573]

If you wanted to see people fight in the comments you should have looked at the last video comments lol

[@AhmedDayah]

Belly Button Benjamin i had no idea people will argue about something that happened hundreds of years ago

[@Craig-gq4gb]

Belly Button Benjamin Deus Vult ✝️✋🏼🗡

[@vihashah5975]

the 4th crusade feels like the area 51 raid. "oh i meant to go but i had this thing come up" lol

[@louisproctor2168]

We romanticize the Crusades? Maybe at one point but nowadays the Crusades are the go to example for people trying to paint Christianity as violent.

[@TheFootballstar5588]

Johnny Proctor but we need another crusade...

[@6Texasboi]

Johnny Proctor multiple sports teams named after them....I live in oregon theres a Catholic school with them as a mascot

[@audreayarose3755]

love your enemies... (matt 5:44)

[@crusadernikolai1996]

Johnny Proctor Somehow people do just that but they conveniently ignore Muslim expansion that led to the crusade. It's a disappointment really

[@jacquesm1652]

***** My feeling exactly. These kinds of cowards don't realize that if our heroic ancestors didn't campaign against Islam the west would look like a middle eastern slum. They are at it again though...slowly poisoning western society.

[@TheGhostbuster1989]

Do yourself a favor, don't read the comments, it could save your brain cells.

[@stilgottheblues]

You got my like. But i had to read your comment first...

[@deathwolf6863]

TheGhostbuster1989 I did not listen to your wisdom and now I regret it.

[@kvchikka]

TheGhostbuster1989 RIP my brain cells

[@videogamepro964]

TheGhostbuster1989 Lucky me that this was is the first comment i saw, thanks mate.

[@forzaa867]

lol alright

[@Etatdesiege1979]

"...and ultimately that exercise in empathy is the coolest thing about studying History." A+ comment

[@pla_t]

7:23 the puff meter was so RANDOM

[@191roach]

When bae wants to retake Jerusalem

[@sirspamalot3047]

20 minutes into crusade and chill and then Richard leaves.

[@jackyjiang615]

Peter approves! ;D

[@charliemarten9340]

roach191 I think I recognize you from somewhere

[@TheBlackdragon936]

Tugboat Macguire anyone why says the b word would never be in an actual army and fight.

[@DonfCaroso]

How did this became memes?

[@MatthewSchooley94]

So the crusades had nothing to do with stardust? ...I'll see myself out.

[@wezzuh2482]

everything is made of stadust so yes

[@157dixon]

+choudhry ali Jacob has a point

[@Pxrish]

i get you man

[@obadayounis6073]

its been three months... Jotaro doesn't care much for history

[@jokerofmorocco]

Well it weakened the Byzantine Empire by sacking Constantinople allowing it to be taken over by Turks later on

[@nolahood3680]

I was today years that i found out that John Green is a completely different person than Hank

[@madhurichunduru9301]

Both are awesome

[@raandomplayer8589]

comments breakdown: 90% your video is biased 10% DEUS VULT

[@Camulus777]

Biased to whom?

[@mikedi7850]

@@Camulus777 DEUS VULT

[@alisheikh4698]

@Zahizaib Rashid Close the vault already...

[@aadpiraat7126]

Deus volt

[@aadpiraat7126]

Vult

[@nickp8291]

One of the best history books I've ever read: The Origin of the Idea of Crusade by Carl Erdmann. It's really an argument about the ideological rationalization of Christianity to the warlike principles of Germanic culture, resulting in the concept of knighthood. His key argument: the First Crusade wasn't addressed to kings or states, but to Christian Knighthood as an ideological body. Check it out if you get a chance!

[@lgvereor]

Finally a good history channel that covers the Crusades without taking the two extremes of blindly defending the Crusaders or blindly defending the Muslims; and who at least mentions the atrocities committed by the Crusaders against their Orthodox 'brothers', though you could have gone more into the earlier atrocities committed against the Orthodox in Jerusalem and Antioch after the first one. You got a new subscriber.

[@josephmatthews7698]

Excuse me good sir, your history does not support my contemporary worldview. Please re evaluate your historical interpretation to better suit my opinions or I will call you biased. Thank you for your time.

[@stephentoth6003]

SonaLilyAnimations i think thats the joke. Most people on videos like this either learn more and it fits what they already thought, or change their views if not (or realize history is complicated). Too many posters get mad that what they watch DOESNT match what they previously thought and comment that the video is wrong. Thats the joke the guy originally posted was making fun of

[@sonalily6839]

ohhh okay that makes sense

[@MattieK09]

It was a joke, but his take on the Crusades is awful

[@cristiana_2945]

wat

[@simonk.4338]

Joseph Matthews Holy war was always a defensive war against agression of islam..or it was ment to be anyway. It is true tho, that it didn't always go as planned.

[@devicedevil7647]

The moment you're so confused about the Crusades even after watching a crash course

[@aaranda1999]

rip to everyone taking the ap tomorrow ... unless you're the mongols lmao

[@marcosastudillo3202]

watching this right now before my ap

[@blakehall3861]

Got mine tmrw

[@xxBieberLevineLovexx]

+Alexis Aranda i guess i'm not the only one binge watching crash course the night before the test.

[@tlmmmp3834]

Alexis Aranda I am Turkish

[@amazed9837]

lol

[@alexisahn8680]

"Stupid world, always disappointing me!" ~John Green Thank you so much for all these hilarious/educational videos!

[@EnchantedLove30]

John Green is such an amazing teacher whoever created this is the real MVP! You deserve an award award. Not just any award but a huge one.

[@bullrun2772]

Belle yay he should

[@bullrun2772]

And all of crash course

[@papapanzer0935]

I watched a few of these videos with my history teacher and I am hooked, despite being 11 years late. Keep it up

[@jonathanle2787]

"I am going to drown anticlimactically on the journey while trying to bathe in a river" LOLOL

[@Jesssper]

I thank you John Green! For you made my World Religion class much more interesting! My teacher was explaining things dully and everything went in one ear and out the other, not a lot of stuff sunk in. We literally watched your videos for the entire period then some more the next day. So thank you to you and your high school history teacher!

[@aarzookothari180]

Am I the only one who's watching this during quarantine?

[@arkanmahram5144]

Well, nothing to do.

[@nrtamim21]

Nope

[@diacsquad1117]

Nope

[@RosalieArchuleta]

well i have to for homework

[@nashmi-8609]

yes

[@ANagel-bh9ud]

I like how the icon for the "awesomeness" is the Millenium Falcon

[@hanscarabonala2462]

Jeez that Saladin guy looks dope

[@OfficialMirzaa]

He was a Kurd from Kurdistan:P

[@HaribKhan90]

Has nothing to do with modern Kurds. LOL Take facts as they are, no need to add nationalism to it.

[@blablabla13344]

Hans Carabonala yeah but he lost every battle against Richard the Lionheart

[@HamzaKhan-kr7xq]

God Emperor Trump lol this is the greatest turd I've read since hearing Trump is the greatest president

[@Miuranger1]

God Emperor Trump Richard the lion heart was nothing more then a coward he killed innocent people

[@Simphome]

Richard the Lion heart and Saladin were superstars I wanted to watch re matched on the war

[@totorod]

Quit smoking 3 months ago. Anytime I get the urge (which is more often than you would think) I strike up a crash course vid. Thanks y’all! It’s a satisfying and healthy substitute!

[@Rockcroc2000Rm1wE3erWmNfkL]

Why did you quit smoking? These videos are probably going to kill you 10x faster than smoking ever would.

[@bluzane]

This is my best Summary Guy. All Hats of! -Simplification & demystification of historical stuff...to the power of Infinity (in mathematical terms)

[@DukeNukemIsHere3]

Roman Catholics in Constantinople had been massacred 20 years earlier. Not saying that justifies anything, but relations between the Byzantines and the West had worsened significantly, from the sack of Thessalonica to the German emperors threatening to attack Constantinople, the sacking in 1204 didn't appear out of thin air.

[@blitzkrieg2928]

i think beside me you are the only one who pointed out that :D

[@MrFurry-wz9lq]

Maybe not, but it was expressly forbidden by the Pope, and the perpetrators were excommunicated.

[@jamesscharr716]

Also the Islamic people committed lots of terrible violent acts

[@jamesscharr716]

And the Arab’s slave trading of non-Muslims killed millions of people

[@michaelswhitcomb]

Thank you! It is so rare to find anything so well understood, and thoughtfully presented. It is especially great that you took the time to address anachronism as a destructive force in the understanding of history. Liked and Subscribed!

[@charliedaniels9479]

Excellent job! Thanks for the easy and entertaining learning

[@madisonmathews6115]

Its so amazing to actually understand what your talking about. Love this channel.

[@100mythfreak]

I've been rewatching John Green's Crash Course World History, and I noticed some of the the early episodes (including this one) do not have lists of recommended reading on the subjects. He addressed this in Season 2, but I hope he revisits his old videos and just put his list of sources and books in the description box.

[@davidrust3169]

Fascinating stuff! I think I've found another channel on KZbin to obsessively devour...

[@cjsatnarine9688]

Great videos John. They helped me somehow.

[@ericsonofjohn9384]

"as long as they paid a tax" - I love how you quickly skim over the jizyah as though it was an entirely peaceful idea.

[@jorenvanderark3567]

Compared to Christian's murdering e everyone who want them? It was! Edit, sorry to destroy your worldview with facts, but don't worry you can always make up some alternate facts out of thin air.

[@stephanjulien4206]

@@jorenvanderark3567 Not really, in the roman catholic world yes, they were ready to completely obliterate any religion they deemed unfit or pagan, just like in the Islamic world. Zoroastrians were forced to flee Iran just because they were seen as dhimmi and the "peaceful jizya." Yeah, that ended in many getting taken as slaves and were only promised freedom if they converted to Islam. Now you might say that the Byzantine Empire did the same thing to Zoroastrians as well but this is because the Persians were constantly at war with the Byzantines and once this had halted an alliance was formed so to speak. Now, the Byzantine Empire was quite accepting of religions and Judaism flourished pretty well until Justinian who tightened regulations and made life ultimately worse for jews which was wrong. So to say that Islam wouldn't be accepted by Christianity would be quite ignorant especially since Islam was accepted by Axum. And the only reason why bloodshed between the two groups happened was because of the Arab conquests which took down one of the strongest Christian empires, Kushite Egypt and resulted in the killing, convert, and raping of many Christians.

[@leonja200]

crusaderes were holy order sent to re-take lost territories.

[@jerryr5190]

Finally someone that knows history!!! A European 15th Century Poem: "Our faith was strong in th' Orient, It ruled in all of Asia, In Moorish lands and Africa. But now for us these lands are gone 'Twould even grieve the hardest stone.... Four sisters of our Church you find, They're of the patriarchic kind: Constantinople, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Antiochia. But they've been forfeited and sacked And soon the head will be attacked." This is why the Crusades happened.

[@niazi12121]

Jerry R Read a history book!

[@jerryr5190]

Ниязи Бекиров Yea I do, were do you think I found that 15th Century Poem? Smart one.

[@Joesolo13]

Ниязи Бекиров look guy, Jesus lived in the "holy land", there's a reason it's named that. There were a hell of a lot of Christians there before the muslims came in.

[@jerryr5190]

Hold on, women getting raped and people being killed in WAR? Oh man that's new to me! But the Crusaders had guided missiles and smart bombs as well as CNN on their backs. Oh wait they did not. Really dude, and the Arabs or Moors never ever done that? You do know the Arabs & Moors were conquering many lands before the Crusades happen. That is what that means: "Our faith was strong in th' Orient, It ruled in all of Asia, In Moorish lands and Africa. But now for us these lands are gone 'Twould even grieve the hardest stone.... Four sisters of our Church you find, They're of the patriarchic kind: Constantinople, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Antiochia. But they've been forfeited and sacked And soon the head will be attacked." This a Poem in the Middle ages was describing what happen before & some what after the crusades.

[@GirthyBigMac]

Excellent explanation, I'm studying the crusades and this was a very good general synopsis. Good to see anyone that reads a book can actually see that the crusades are completely contrary to the public opinion.

[@RickaramaTrama-lc1ys]

Love your lessons but I'm glad they are on You Tube as your super fast intelligent mind stays way ahead of this old man so all I do is watch them over again and finally get the gist of what you are trying to tell us. I am very interested to learn anything I can about The Knights Templar and your depictions seem to show them in their armour with the big red cross but you never once mentioned their name so maybe some time you could do a whole lesson on The Templar?? Thanks for the lessons~!!

[@AmyraCull]

Why didn’t I find this channel 10 years ago I would watch this in long form or any form it’s great

[@ZombieChimpanzee]

Scroll down into the comments, hoping to find intelligent conversation or comments "nope, seems like no one cared about that end bit about empathy and perspective, and how the narrative of history one's told can shape how you view it. just gonna lose a little faith in humanity now."

[@ShidaiTaino]

At least it's not a WBC and New Atheist flame war

[@ShidaiTaino]

+MexBox Live oh lol. At the time in Europe, if you didn't follow the religion of the monarch, you were considered untrustworthy, disloyal and dangerous. Also, now matter how tolerant people are, unless it is a small country with a similar culture (like Albania) or have aggressive neighbors (like Switzerland), people will try to conform with the majority.

[@fattoflex985]

so true carl

[@adrianrainbow4106]

Jesus, I just love when the uninformed and ignorant start guessing.

[@MattieK09]

"Personally I think if the crusades didn't happen, we probably might of been religiously tolerant" perhaps the dumbest comment i've read today

[@hannahjouy8644]

Crash course is awesome! Not just for the facts but also John Green's quickie commentaries on perceptions of history. Witty and true.

[@samsclubhousee6389]

"stupid world, always dissapointing me!" *mood*

[@cowforceseven7328]

I think this video did a great job of being unbiased and showing understanding to both sides of the crusades. It shows that the crusaders weren’t evil, they were provoked, and that Muslims aren’t evil, they provoked us but ultimately were defending themselves.

[@saintcelab3451]

"Me from the past", wow he really was a militant atheist back then.

[@user-xt9jw4gt7o]

So, Pope's crusaders on 4th crusader, destroy the christian Constantinopolis, kill a lot of Orthodox Christians and stole a lot of their treasures.

[@juansantiago7109]

pope never ordered the sacking of constantinopolis

[@user-xt9jw4gt7o]

If pope really wanted, it would never happen. Don't forget the stolen christian treasures and books from Orthodox churches, decorate today vatican and other catholic churches..

[@juansantiago7109]

he excommunicated the people who stayed in the city plus the reason why the sack happened is because the Byzantines killed the king that the crusaders helped get into power and the Byzantines never payed there promise (by the way it was the Byzantines who told the Pope and the west for help and the Byzantines never did any hing for themselves). also why Orthodox even care what happened ages ago its not even relevant, also the eastern orthodox should not even get into the sacking and killed there people because today the Byzantine rite s in communion with rome

[@user-xt9jw4gt7o]

1)So, the roman catholic crusaders, killed so many orthodox priests and innocent people, ripped women and young girls, because of the money. But, you know, roman catholic crusaders, did terrible things on the Altar of Agia Sophia, with prostitutes insults and massacres. And pope did nothing because of the promised money.. 2)Roman catholic church, became heretic, by Pope Sergius IV (1009 AD), when after the political pressures of the Franks changed itself the symbol of the Christian faith. From 1009 we have the Roman Catholic church, a new church which was cut from the original Orthodox church. So, we wait our roman catholics brothers, to reject heretic teaching and come back to Orthodoxy.

[@diegonatan6301]

Juan Santiago, stop arguing with this imbecile trol and listen this podcast ( /watch?v=PVcPQsVX8Kc ) about the 4th "crusade", there you will know exactly why this Οριζόντιος Κατακόρυφος is just plain stupid.

[@adindasadiah3834]

this video really help me understanding ummayad and abbasid dynasty for my test

[@yoshilorak5897]

Tiny European armies beating back powers capable of raising 100,000 mens at arms easily is nothing short of a miracle.

[@pinheadlarry1977]

Uhh they lost?

[@1zc5]

Luigi DeNardis tbh Turkish people started all of this crusades and such

[@josephtillson7481]

Should have another one

[@jabobabo6162]

Joey Tillson you did Bush was the leader, it also was about raiding and stealing

[@MrRamazanLale2]

To lose again

[@augustopinochet7587]

MrRamazanLale2 you act like we lost the first couple, and they did achieve their general purpose

[@zakariahistory9640]

Trump salt mining Inc. all European state not Christiane just dream the jihads is one we say and we do

[@augustopinochet7587]

Zakaria Aigel European countries are secular because of the enlightenment m, which still haven't arrived in shithole Muslim countries

[@kselogcob666]

Dude I gotta say, you are awesome. You are actually unbiased and aren't a dismissive atheist or a scripture spewing god-botherer. Maybe saying ''I don't know'' gives the universe the respect it deserves. God bless you.

[@flatballhehexd]

好棒的講解！ 謝謝你

[@helenalaterzabarbosa9956]

Hey there! Awesome videos. I'm not sure if you already do it, but could you give the bibliographical references? I'd love to read more about the subjects here, and know where they came from. Thanks!

[@MessiahComing]

Admittedly, the Crusaders were a slow response to the Islamic Conquest, but they very much were a response. Each of the crusaders were relatively spread out and half-hearted attempts at regaining what was lost to the Arabs. But not only that, the Crusades were necessary to secure the borders of Europe that were constantly under siege by Islamic Jihad. You can't tell me that the Muslims weren't trying to add Europe to their Middle East conquests, or they wouldn't have conquered Constantinople and Spain.

[@brettkeeler8822]

All I could focus on was your hair and then the puff-o-meter came on screen. I’m glad I’m not the only one who thought your hair was amazing!

[@alexanderstankov459]

I read my crusades lessons when I was in 9th grade, somehow memorized them and I had to write an essay as a test. Got an A+, it was word for word like my schoolbook.n

[@janesorber783]

John Green always makes me laugh, while teaching me at the same time!

[@HubPie3]

Man, my AP test is on Thursday, I only have 3 days to cram, and I have more tests this week. ... Challenge accepted.

[@bulletafx]

the crusaders were nothing compared to the Mongols.

[@jessicalee333]

For one thing, the Mongols were successful.

[@aguy1340]

FOR THE SKYLORD

[@electrosthefella]

Well, that's not the exception.

[@youcefguenaoua]

Two faces for same coin

[@ordhinv.hohenheim5009]

@Archie HW same thing cant be compared.

[@smatlomgaming7688]

0:01 Welcome to Crash... **Proceeds to crash into board**

[@lumam1562]

Muitooo obrigada pela legenda português (BR)

[@theceohq]

I love all of this irrelevant dispute about whether 'Christians', or 'Catholics' or 'Muslims' are to blame. Just keep bashing each other based on fictional constructs. At the end of the day, you are still insulting/attacking/slaughtering a fellow human being because you feel that your fantasy construct of religion/race is an excuse to embrace not only your humanity, but also others.

[@snowfrosty1]

Who cares about humanity man, what does it really mean to be "human"?????? I don't care much for these petty,foolish, liberal mushy "We are the world!","One people, One world,One love,One race!!!!" Statements and mindsets. The abrahamic religions have certain aspects which just plain SUCK!!!!!!

[@theceohq]

Try a chill pill some time. And if you really find it difficult/impossible to define humanity: Congratulations! You have no capability of philosophical thought and/or are officially a sociopath. Enjoy your life devoid of empathy.

[@M.M.Y.B]

Can YOU truly define humanity? In a definition that pleases all the people and then some (like aliens, she said sarcastically)? Because to be "human" can be regarded as to have more intelligence than animals, use of a language, use of tools, to be "humane", to have "reason" and to be part of the community that has named itself "human". Many people will throw somebody out of society and "de-humanize" them, or even demonize them, in an attempt to separate themselves from association with said person? So are we only human because we say we are? And who is "we" anyway?

[@theceohq]

Molly B Of course I can't create a universally adoptable definition-otherwise I would be God, or require similarly "superior" set of knowledge and wisdom. However, I still have a "definition", which I am going to give you. But let me start off by saying this: Just because humans are slowly coming to realise that few things are set in stone and that ethics are by all means relativistic, that does't mean that we can't or shouldn't start defining values. For instance, just because I don't believe in a higher power that reaches down its eternal wisdom through prophets, that doesn't mean I live life with any sense of morals or consequences, just because I don't believe in an afterlife. Living without a higher power also means that nobody gets to define what my purpose of living is, and frankly, I have yet to find somebody to give me a convincing argument why our lives account for anything in the seemingly infinite Universe. Yet, don't expect me to jump off a cliff any time soon. If I have understood you correctly, I like to believe that we are on the same page in that definitions in our human world come and go with the times. And nothing is truly cast in stone. So, despite all that apparent randomness and lack of order in our Universe, here is why I still believe a basic definition of humanity is possible and even more importantly: essential to our survival. Let's start with the facts: 1. "Most of us" are born equal. Socio-economic circumstances might change, but several long-term studies strongly point towards the fact that an inuit can +/- acquire the same set of skills as a kid born into a Nomad tribe in the Sahara. DISCLAIMER: Under the right circumstances and with the availability of education, business opportunities. 2. Try to raise newborns without speaking to them or showing any kind of emotional empathy and they WILL have a much higher chance of dying and show developmental deficits at the very least. [Google for studies] 3. (Anatomically) Modern humans existed for almost a quarter-million years, exhibiting what we consider "human-like behaviour" 50.000 years ago. 4. We went from being a predator AND prey, to mainly becoming a predator, not due to our physical abilities, but mental advances. 5. We just happened to develop agriculture along the way to provide a surplus of food, which allowed us to start trading and voila: Now we have an economy. 6. While conflict (i.e. war) seems to be an innate characteristic of human development, there are various tribes that do not engage in armed conflict. And at one point in human history, probably for the aforementioned reason [5.], we realised that maybe NOT killing each other can actually improve our chances of survival. That started interest-group-building, which went from small-size tribes in early human history to today's alliances that span continents. 7. The history of "humans" has REPEATEDLY shown that we are not entirely mindless, faceless individuals that only care for their own survival and well-being. Which does not mean we are GOOD at empathy (because we are intellectually lazy). So here is what I see: I see a French farmer, in 1790 being executed-because he didn't think that starving to death and having no say in the political landscape was because a single person was given the God-given power to rule over everyone else. I see South Africans of caucasian descent, marching with black, African protesters in 1986, because they didn't believe that human rights are exclusive to a type of skin color. I see Chinese students in 1989 getting mown down by government tanks because they believe that freedom of speech is more important than an autocratic regime. Today, I see Iraqi men and women, some of them teachers, farmers, take up arms against an brutal, oppressive Islamist movement to defend their right to practice their freedom of speech, their freedom of practicing whatever religion they wish to practice and their freedom of pursuing their perceived path to happiness. And as a last example, because it is relevant to me: I don't know any of the thousands of men and women from around the world that died on a beach in the South of France 70 years ago. But as a Swiss person, with ancestors from 3 different continents, I really enjoy not living Nazi-occupied Europe today. So you tell me: Are you a single-celled organism that just enters and leaves this world in a blink of an eye on a Universal time scale? Yes, you are. That still does not mean you exist a vacuum and that your individual actions are meaningless. Sure, you can go about your life, and care about your job, and your dog, and your car and in no latter than 100 years all this madness will be over. But don't you think it might be worth your time to CARE about leaving the world that you HAPPEN to be born into. Your life was made possible by people before you, so it is a moral imperative to at least care enough to enable people after you to have it just as good, and hopefully better. And THAT, in my holy opinion, is the human experience.

[@M.M.Y.B]

 1) thank you for writing me a book. 2) you should keep this, lock it away, and read it again in 10 years. You may not even understand what you were trying to say. 3) my point was that i could not fathom understanding humanity, and that hopefully means that i am not a moron who cannot think. 4) the politics has nothing to do with anything, because i never made a previous stand on them in this comment bar, but i do agree with just about everything you said. 5) sometimes i think people invented religion to run from the responsibility, but also to hope for more. and if that's true, after that they may have discovered some huge truth, and the rest is a mystery. 6) now I, the true all-knowing being(sarcasm is dripping off of this statement) command you to go to school, earn a teaching degree in philosophical thinking, and start a college, because you can give a heck of a lecture! -thank you.

[@carlmaher6667]

"Tax" = Protection racket.

[@herenow2184]

These videos are very well done!

[@zanesmith8213]

Very good analysis! Well-rounded & not at all Ideologically distorted

[@BearingOcean]

Thank you Crash Course. You have made history an absolute thrill and pleasure to learn about. You help a lot of people open their eyes to history in a lot of different points of view. Sincerely thanks. DFTBA

[@simonstott6571]

Excuse me, I'm extremely disappointed. There was no Mongols in this episode of Crash Course World History. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I'm almost 99% positive, that there was no Mongol joke. Other than that, this was an awesome episode of Crash Course World History. I would just like to thank you for doing this, because every time I watch one of your videos, I believe my brain expands slightly. Also, nice hair.

[@Usammityduzntafraidofanythin]

+Simon Stott The mongols actually did fight an army that was going on a crusade (i think they were georgians?), and they devastated it utterly. It's from one dan carlin's wrath of khan episodes.

[@atlegin]

Thank You CrashCourse!!!!! You help me a looooottt in my history test!!!!! THANK YOU!!!!!!!!!

[@hiiwantsex9281]

Thank you for the video, your points were very useful for my exams

[@EndlarStudios]

Templars were willing to sacrifice their rights of going to heaven by protecting their kingdom

[@EndlarStudios]

+Cancerous tumor gg

[@OfficialMirzaa]

Ahahaha there in hell getting raped because they were following satnic chrisianty

[@EndlarStudios]

+Cancerous tumor who is the question directed to?

[@reesfreeman]

Endlar Filmations. They say there's no athiest in a foxhole... but imagine fighting with the belief you were sacrificing your right to an existent heaven because it was the right thing to do? :'(

[@Rockcroc2000Rm1wE3erWmNfkL]

I hope they made it to heaven, though.

[@ashfraise]

*"As usual, you're wrong"* Didn't come here to be attacked like that

[@kainochishi4748]

I have my exam on crusades trmw. I have learned so much. Thank you. 😊

[@mrman3176]

this guy is a fool and the crusades take more then 10 minutes to explain LOL

[@alexandersullivan4313]

7 years later and we still haven't put a man on Mars.

[@TheFireflyGrave]

The 4th crusade sounds like the plot of a Monty Python movie.

[@IanRiley915]

Hey Mr. Green. Thank you for another video. I know that this video happened 6 years ago, but I'm hoping that you'll have time to respond to this. I was wondering where you get your information from? This is not a call out. But I think it's important to know in case viewers like myself want to do more reading. There's a lot you can't cover in just 15 minutes.

[@demondeity9816]

im not sure how exactly right this but in my school when we were doing history for art class we were thought that europe was brought out of the middle ages by the "holy relics" that were found during the conquest. The relics that were brought out of the middle east created pilgrimage sights across europe which made caused mass amount of people to move across europe, causing the trade routes to get bigger and the cities that house the relics to get richer as more people stopped there to make their holy journeys.

[@MsDaydream3r]

When you realize that whole "We'll be greeted as liberators," line is *way* older than you thought. 😐

[@PIEmeep]

Was Scott in the Pilgrimage.

[@attercops]

yeah. he was a real... sexbomb.

[@PIEmeep]

(ayyy,someone got the refrence)

[@attercops]

+luka peric is good reference comrade kinda sharp... like knives :v

[@PIEmeep]

Daniel Frederick This refrence smells like ...flowers

[@lilyyau9831]

Who else is WHAP cramming before the test Thursday? D:

[@minimooster7258]

How did that go?

[@shaned3362]

"As long as they pay a tax" You seem to go over that little detail of how much that tax could be.

[@karlkarlsson8826]

Half of what they earned at times, and youre not allowed to leave your city - It is a protection racket of epic proportions. But oh well, "Just a Tax".

[@thethirdsicily4802]

If you were being tortured, you were already dead.

[@mahnoorashraf9123]

Adding on to what @Marah Irshaid said, the jizya tax amounted to significantly less than the obligatory zakat tax on the muslims. Also, Islam's spirit of pluralism and tolerance for peaceful coexistence resulted in more places of worship of people of other religions than muslims' mosques.

[@marahirshaid6936]

@@mahnoorashraf9123 Sure, what muslims pay every year as zakat , sadaqat ( charity money) is waaaay much greater than what non muslims pay as a tax (jizya) But you know some people just want to define islam as an oppresser authority while it is not , try to read much about islam then talk about it

[@conta203]

@@mahnoorashraf9123 ohh come on man u the Fk believes in you? Christians and jews were treated like sh1t! Were there any church?? Even now a days Christians in Muslim country's are tortured and killed! You're blind man, you need to study more before making such affirmations...

[@JorgeGonzalez-fw5mf]

Thank you for such interesting information

[@isharajil3962]

8:56Did you know: swords hurt?!?me: oo god! seriously?! I never knew!!

[@vogonford]

"We haven't put a man on Mars?" Come on, John from the Past, wait for at least 2028 for that. Then it will be Dear John and Hank.

[@sebastianbasic252]

Where are those drawings from? They're awesome!