Fall of The Roman Empire...in the 15th Century: Crash Course World History #12

In which John Green teaches you about the fall of the Roman Empire, which happened considerably later than you may have been told. While the Western Roman Empire fell to barbarians in 476 CE, the Byzantines in Constantinople continued the Eastern Empire nicely, calling themselves Romans for a further 1000 years. Find out what Justinian and the rest of the Byzantine emperors were up to over there, and how the Roman Empire dragged out its famous Decline well into medieval times. In addition to all this, you'll learn about ancient sports riots and hipster barbarians, too.
Chapters:
Introduction: The Fall of Rome 00:00
Why Did the Roman Empire Fall? Barbarians at the Gates 0:30
Why Did the Roman Empire Fall? Barbarians Inside the Gates 2:07
An Open Letter to Pants 4:10
Constantine and the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire 5:10
Comparing the Eastern & Western Roman Empires 6:57
Emperor Justinian 8:08
The Orthodox and Catholic Churches Split 10:38
Credits 12:06
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at / crashcourse
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - / youtubecrashcourse
Twitter - / thecrashcourse
Instagram - / thecrashcourse
CC Kids: / crashcoursekids

[@awesomeperson4537]

Its summer, I have no school, no tests, there is absolutely no reason I should be watching this. However I'm a sad person and I watch these for entertainment.

[@kelvinubaechu]

I do tio

[@kelvinubaechu]

+Kelvin Ubaechu *too

[@mythicdeer6999]

this is what makes you awesome

[@rebeccat9389]

Watching them because you enjoy them is a much better reason than because some random person or teacher told you to. It's not at all sad if you enjoy it. What could be sad about that?

[@mythicdeer6999]

exactly!

[@pugfugly1989]

And those who did not adopt pants became the Scottish.

[@RPSchonherr]

pugfugly1989 The Scots were the the remnant of the Celts who survived the Roman conquest of the British Isles by hiding in Ireland. By the time they migrated back to the big island they had been Romanised by Patrick.

[@pugfugly1989]

Robert Schuster Wow, no, not at all, the Scottish people were originally the Picts, and never left. Sure, they were Celtic in the way that they were Barbarians, other than that, they were a distinctly different group from say, the Gauls, Goths, Icenians, etc. The Romans never conquested into Scotland either, they tried an failed miserably, which is why they built TWO walls to keep the Scots out of the rest of the island, Hadrian's Wall and the Antonine Wall. I suggest you at least do some research the next time you decide to ruin a joke.

[@RPSchonherr]

pugfugly1989 My mistake Yes Picts.

[@carlosluque2346]

+pugfugly1989 a friend of my mine asked a tour guide if they wore underwear beneath the kilts; all she said was that only the children of scotland were beneath the kilts.

[@pugfugly1989]

Carlos Luque Lol, there's a great song about that, look up The Drunk Scotsman, by Bryan Bowers

[@hopealgeo2921]

You are the adult version of Blues Clues.

[@firebembum4751]

Omg

[@missingdeskription8545]

Omg yes XD

[@BakedBread-is-the-best-bread]

Who else is bingeing this series just for the fun of it?

[@Ace0486]

If you think about Rome didn't fall until 1453 when the Byzantine Empire fell. So Rome lasted from 753 BC to 1453 AD. That's 2206 years!

[@edrickhuge4637]

+racine0486 sorry, but "Rome" died when it split between east and west. It does not mean that each side wasn't awesome. East even more so.

[@Ace0486]

Eh I don't think about like that

[@edrickhuge4637]

racine0486 Nah man. You have to consider steps between as well. First the Monarchy, then the Republic and then the Empire. If you are speaking of Rome alone, then it most certainly died before 1953 and fall of Constantinople. Around 900 AD. Byzantine resembled more a medieval version of Greek than a Roman state. Still, awesome running time.

[@Ace0486]

No man that's different. They just said they were Roman like the Russians did. The only Romans were the western and eastern.

[@joshoohaah757]

+Sayyid Mohammed Elmi True, don't forget about the Sultanate of Rum.

[@rthmjohn]

If only my world history class had been this exciting.... I would have actually learned.

[@AnonYMous-mo1li]

I learn more stuff from the internet than school.

[@santiagol365]

+Anon Y. Mous ikr

[@ryanjean9174]

+Anon Y. Mous same knew shit before being required to know it

[@PureTomGaming]

you should watch the extra history series on the extra credits channel for more information over justinian

[@JMAssainatorz]

Scools have the unfortunate quality of being the quikest way to stomp out the flame of natural curriosity.

[@arnya9880]

"He was like the David Tenant of doctors" , I love CrashCourse

[@marie-alinemarchal4513]

As a history teacher, I am always really enthusiastic about these videos. However, today, one of my students, Leonardo, pointed that he was pretty sure that Constantine was born in Serbia. Actually, in Leo's natve town of Niš. I tought I would mention it... :)

[@actfree6897]

If people want to argue that Rome fell when the Western Empire fell. Feel free to comment here and we'll discuss it. However, I believe that it fell in 1453 when the Ottoman Turks lead by Mehmet II took over Constantinople. They lost for two major reasons. 1. Several years earlier when Pope Innocent III called for the fourth Crusade. Now you (for those who don't know) might be wondering why this mattered? The Crusades were to attack the land of Canaan and Jerusalem, right? Wrong. The fourth Crusade ran out of money so they decided to sack Constantinople. The weakened Constantinople could still fight off major armies, except.... 2. Except for the invention of artillery. The Ottoman Turks had besieged Constantinople twice before winning. The first time they were held off even though they outnumbered there enemies 10 to 1 (8k to 80k). The second time they were held off again. Mehmet II's army was on the verge of routing and Mehmet needed a spur of the moment, brilliance. Now, before this moment, the Romans (Byzantines) had held off every attack. The Romans had the Bosporus into the Golden Horn River (strait of Bosphorus) blocked off with a chain. Mehmet losing for this very reason (some argue indirectly), dismantled his ships, and dragged the pieces to the other side of the chain and rebuilt the ships. Now the Romans were surrounded. With victory in sight. Mehmet aimed all of his cannons at one spot and let his warriors loose. Rome, my friends, has now fallen. The Emperor (Constantine XI Palaiologos) with disbelief that the Roman Empire was falling, was last seen throwing himself into battle. I don't know why none of this was included...

[@727Tolga]

*Ottoman Turks

[@actfree6897]

727Tolga Ooops. My bad. The Suljuq turks were falling. The rising Ottoman's won. Let me fix it.

[@727Tolga]

Michael T hahah it's fine. but the last selcuk state ended in 1307.

[@actfree6897]

727Tolga Yeah, mixed up my empires... Sorry 'bout that.

[@actfree6897]

***** No. That's not what happened. I explained perfectly why here.

[@user-ns1ms6xf7g]

john Green how often do you think about the Roman Empire?

[@WhittyWhitts]

“That lady, me from the past, is Emperor Justinian, we’ll get to him in a minute.”

[@overlychaotic]

Nice😂

[@SportzFunny]

We saw the video

[@teresaanya]

Day 12 of social distancing. I graduated high school two years ago. I'm not in college and have no reason to be watching this. But the quarantine boredom is hitting hard. So here we are.

[@teencomment]

For anyone wondering why John thanked Thought Bubble for putting he and Stan in the Green side, the Green side during the Nica Riots was the side that lived after Justinian called out the army.

[@apollonck9931]

The irony is that you showed those two different architectures at proof of how the byzantine empire differentiates from the western empire while both buildings have Greek origin.

[@michaelgamba7674]

lmao the Pantheon is probably the most Roman temple in the world. it is a fantastic synthesis of latin, greek and etruscan architecture, a perfect example of the syncretic nature of Roman civilisation, which learnt and reinterpreted everything it came across with

[@kp9607]

@@michaelgamba7674 if only it was the original Pantheon. Luckily the one Hadrian built survived the test of time...and didn't suffer a fiery death haha

[@Vazel]

Title: fall of the roman empire. Doesn't tell about the fall of the Byzantine empire

[@mycelia_ow]

He does for like 3 seconds

[@ssiipp7848]

Eatern Roman Empre. No one called it "Byzantine Empire".

[@dumpstercub2902]

Concept: People with tests tommorow and people who watch these for fun face each other off blue vs green style.

[@bulletbill1104]

7:42 look in the top right corner. The woman had a glass of wine, but it then disappears :O

[@deandreoglesby3512]

ILLUMINATI

[@nashQify]

the woman disappears too

[@bulletbill1104]

grej w0ah your right

[@imperatorodaenathus9329]

Foung you

[@bulletbill1104]

Romeball huh

[@lordconstantine592]

9:09 Hagia Sophia is not a mosque at the moment. It used to be a mosque during the reign of the Ottoman Empire. However, after the Turkish Republic was established it was turned into a museum so that believers of both faiths can visit freely and without intimidation.

[@robinsonjones1571]

+Tunç Öztemir is that cause of Atatürk?

[@lordconstantine592]

+Robinson Jones it became a museum in 1935 after the decision of the council of ministers. (Ataturk was the president meanwhile)

[@novusregnum]

Yeah, but the original Christian paintings are all covered or damaged D:

[@rasaecnai]

7:40 Borat wearing a 'mankini" LOL He must have pranked Constantine too!

[@jacebrowning-schwartz4795]

Another funny thing I noticed at this timestamp as well was that if you look the woman in the back has her drink disappear and before it switches frames multiple characters vaporize.

[@alexliger1893]

I must’ve watched this 10 times and I just noticed the not-so-subtle dig at the college girlfriend. Nicely done. I can imagine John calling the folks at the animation studio and saying “put the college gf animation up on the screen when I talk about adultery... JUST DO IT!!”

[@Porelorexeus]

I am a Roman Catholic. We view the Orthodox Church as legitimate, and they view us the same way. There is the leadership issue is there, and the split was caused by un-diplomatic people rather than a real issue with Church teaching.

[@Snestorm564]

Hagia Sophia is not a mosque now! That's such a huge mistake. It has been turned to a museum in 1935, shortly after the foundation of the Turkish Republic and it has remained so ever since.

[@nobblkpraetorian5623]

Does it hold Muslim artifacts or Christian artifacts? Because it would be a huge disappointment if it holds Muslim artifacts.

[@Snestorm564]

+Nobblk Praetorian As far as I know, it doesn't really "display" any collection of artifacts. It is just a museum on its own, with all its Roman and Ottoman history on its walls and all.

[@nobblkpraetorian5623]

Başak Özkara Eh, at least people won't forget that it is a Roman creation.

[@sayeedmohammed8620]

+Nobblk Praetorian How would it be a disappointment? Islamic art is just as beautiful as Christian art. Yes there Islamic art in Hagia Sophia.

[@loki1825]

They did in the time of the Crusades when the Crusaders captured Jerusalem and turned it's Signature mosque into a Barn.

[@melc9830]

Watching since the beginning, and this show is a classic! Thank you John, and the whole team.

[@LuisGarcia-sf1fp]

#PeopleWithATestTomorrowSquad

[@foxx.on.saturn5143]

Luis Garcia not a test just homework

[@iamnotbonkers9674]

yes, same fren

[@AL-mn2mi]

yep

[@jessicastorey9567]

Luis Garcia oh my god I have a paper due yesterday🙄🙄🙄🙄🙄

[@purgatoryknight4751]

Nah test in 1 hour XD

[@TheRealAfroRick]

This is brilliant. While I'm well past the years of needing to know this information for a test or similar, I do enjoy still reading about and refreshing my memory on various topics in history and this is a great format for it. Love the animation as it is eye pleasing, but wish you'd tell more if the story through animation. That would make a great thing even better. Congratulations on earning a new subscriber ;)

[@SuperGiorgi22]

The Haghia Sophia is now a museum not a mosque

[@madirapsatorius6809]

*Hagia Sophia

[@parkourbigbird2378]

It was made a World Heritage site by the UN

[@brightness9348]

good luck with that ;)

[@endorphinvidmaker]

Beau Bassett amen

[@canozmen]

Beau Bassett yeah lets liberate the city of 15 million muslims and make it an orthodox city, sounds perfectly logical to me. And it is not racist idea at all. I wish you knew a little bit more about history.

[@aciuschristophores7789]

Hilarious, and enlightening. I did not believe history can be so enthralling to learn, and so educational as well. Thank you and your team so much for this. Prayers and best wishes from Bangladesh!

[@ruthvnfx8558]

5:44 Correction: Constantine the great was born in a Serbian town Niš, known as Naisus in time of the Roman empire

[@eric221]

soph yyeet Thank you! I was thinking about this for a long time

[@Laou41]

Hey. I'm a teacher and I'd like to say. You're doing a great job here. Keep it up.

[@AamirVachku]

Mr Green. Hagai Sofia is a museum now. Thank you.

[@ahmet107]

@Hit Stoner I live in Istanbul and it's still a museum, which Istanbul do you live in?

[@ahmet107]

@Hit Stoner Buddy we would be rioting right now if something like that ever happened.

[@gus7814]

Erdogan has said he wants it to be a mosque. Wanting something and actually making it happen are different things.

[@fyrez3195]

I used to live in Istanbul, it's pretty cool!

[@bicyclegoy1076]

What does it matter? it will be Constantinople again in the next 50 years

[@metadolle8925]

Watched this when it first came out in 2012, watching it now in 2019 before a Byz art history midterm...bless the Greens and this channel.

[@Dosteyboi]

i was playing Assasin's Creed and thought "what empire ruled rome during this time?" and ended up here.

[@noconaroubideaux9423]

nah, it was the templars

[@its_vict0r]

Who said games aren't awesome?

[@BlakeTimmonsArt]

Which one?

[@Modest7787]

Was playing assassins creed to and ended up herew

[@Dosteyboi]

@@BlakeTimmonsArt brotherhood, don't judge me

[@MajesticWorld19]

"Did you know: Constantine is dead." XD

[@maxrb67]

LMAO

[@MexicanSCinVR-mt4ol]

Thanks for making these videos they're really nice and have kept me alive in way. :) They're well made videos and you guys do a job of making them. I appreciate them.

[@Klettos1]

"Like the David Tennant of Doctors" Brilliant! XD

[@Itsreshhy]

LOL I was thinking about Vampire Diaries when he said Alaric as well 😂

[@baileyfreeman]

Anyone else here cramming for AP world tomorrow?

[@NathanWhite22]

Pssst there hasn't been an laq on periods 3 and 4 in the past couple years

[@meepmeeper9210]

Literally me

[@coreyworthy6571]

Bailey Ann Freeman 😭😭😭😭

[@vedanthpadmanabhan4235]

@@NathanWhite22 kind of funny that we got one this year

[@Scyndir]

More like today. In 2 hours. I'm totally screwed, aren't I?

[@rishasdfgh1571]

I'm so happy you brought up Theodora !!! She's one of my favourite historical figures ever. I wish we knew more about her.

[@Tactyoh]

Of course this gets recommended to me when Italy is put on nationwide lockdown due to Coronavirus

[@valleyball9642]

Yes

[@michaelkazmierczak2973]

Gotta say this is one of crash courses strongest videos. Even given the short time limit this one is way better than the other videos.

[@D3m0snipe1]

I really enjoyed the "did you know?" for Constantine. Really glad I learned that.

[@jackj9816]

The fall of Rome is so bloody complicated

[@bennygoodmanisgod]

Jack J no just bloody

[@CDexie]

You can't simply take down a Behemoth

[@joshuaimperial6428]

Jack J The North remembers

[@ryhanzfx1641]

@ΣΑΜΠΑΝΗΣ Except no, it is complicated, the mix of christian insurgency, barbarian invasion and destablizing region is the source for the fall of Rome

[@usul573]

Centuries, several problems, internal, external, split up, expanded too far, etc.

[@abigailhutchinson5487]

Everyone is here for their AP tests, meanwhile I'm just a homeschooler who is very behind and trying to catch up before the end of school.

[@FrightfullyAdelia]

Super helpful while I try to understand my world history class. Thanks!

[@thetruemizukageyagura9061]

I love your show. Thanks so much for expanding my knowledge and adding a little spark of fun to it. :D

[@nyvoodoochild]

dating a history professor, and really want this to work......

[@tackyvanilla6725]

Max S.F. how did it go?

[@mraphaelmedina7347]

It's been well over a year now, so what happened?

[@samguy7654]

Max S.F. Yeah tell us !!!

[@robbielewis4740]

I dont consider myself a historian but he said 15th century which is 1400's so he is right

[@trevormaldonado4919]

no he is incorrect the Roman empire did fall, the eastern empire went on through the crusades. they spoke greek in the eastern empire and considered themselves more greek not Roman.

[@jordangate7742]

Wow! That was awesome! You seriously always make history fun

[@rbarghouti]

Particle Man. Birdhouse in your soul. Boss of me. Lucky Ball and Chain. TMBG had a couple of mainstream hits.

[@avni4451]

okay my teacher set this as homework and i am forever grateful like thank you this makes learning fun

[@jessicastorey9567]

avni yeah me too because I couldn’t have done all this work without him

[@inesbaptista782]

Hey Mr. Green! Congrats on this channel. I subcribed to mental floss over a year ago and followed it like religiously. I will follow this one as well. Thanks for putting things like this on youtube and never ever forget to be awesome!!

[@maleahcoulter4413]

Hey this video really help I was out sick and I had to watch it thanks!!

[@Va11idus]

Videos like this prove why history repeats itself. Because we can know, but we never learn.

[@sojournersrest8142]

10:18 When he reads "... adulterous women should not be executed." The animated girl with teeth brace weaving on the right probably is a representation of John Green's ex. That's how I remembered from previous episodes.

[@macciato22]

That Vampire Diaries reference... just awesome! Also, as to my knowledge, the Hagia Sofia is not a mosque anymore, but serves as a museum.

[@vanillabean3794]

I have to watch this for school in Canada so every time you are part of my online lessons it's a treat :)

[@elijahbeach3834]

Rome when it’s leader does something they don’t like You have lost living privileges

[@seldakapci9134]

Hagia Sophia is not now a mosque.smh... its a museum. It use to be a mosque

[@masoviper]

Yeah... Which is what he said.

[@volimNestea]

+Chrissy Fox He said it's a mosque, which is wrong.

[@levdel]

it doesn't mean that if you can pray in a building makes that building a mosque

[@MichaelRusso]

Well done! I am currently reading Sailing from Byzantium: How a lost Empire Shaped the world. It would be nice to see a video that talked more about the translation of Greek and Roman (Plato, Homer....) texts into Latin before the fall of the Byzantine empire, and including the influence it had on the Renaissance......

[@asianpowerranger8526]

My knowledge of Roman and Greep history comes from the Percy Jackson series ( and maybe a bit from school).

[@kmcintyre9486]

Asian Power Ranger SAMMMEE

[@swifttt]

Greep? I think you mean Greek. Also, Percy Jackson Gods are Greek, not Roman. (Roman Gods are Plagiarised and Copied off Greek Gods anyway...)

[@asianpowerranger8526]

GD SwiFT yeah I meant Greek,😅and I actually meant the the pjo series as in hoo as well and that includes both roman amd greek mythology.

[@hattieeq2115]

*greek🤣😂

[@carterfleming3018]

Did anybody notice the Did you know fact that just said "Constantine is dead."

[@kylea.s.5544]

when he said warm genitals my social studies class lost it

[@AlexS-oj8qf]

Yet I wonder why the Scotts were so far up yet they wear kilt.

[@MaxwellAerialPhotography]

+Christian Djami they're just insane.

[@damiendarksun]

He is awesome. Wish I had history teacher like him

[@actfree6897]

Agreed

[@CesarJoseee]

I wish John Greene was my history teacher, and I wish Micheal from Vsauce was my science teacher; or Bill Nye as my science teacher.

[@LunarKnight101FTW]

Yeah he would make every class fun and interesting :D

[@actfree6897]

^

[@hotdamnitshannah]

Haha agreed

[@bigbadwolf5870]

I didn't think I'd have to try so hard to understand an explanation.

[@ahimsadesi]

Such a cool overview and production. Inspiring.

[@marko96]

Constantine was born in Naissus which is modern day Nis, which is in Serbia...

[@TheBojanSRB]

Thank you! Scrolling down a mile to find thic coment.

[@hieronymusmcmxcii3158]

And you and your people came in Naissus land ThreeHoundred yours later. if you're saying that Constantine is Slav, i accept that as a joke.

[@zmaj5437]

+Hieronymus MCMXCII I am Serbian and I would never say Constantine was Slavic, even if he was born in Nis

[@user-nl4pw5bv4t]

he is mother was greek

[@marko96]

Slavs did migrate later but that fact has nothing to do with the fact that Naisuss is in modern day Serbia not Croatia.

[@OrigamiSage]

Constantine was born in modernd day Serbia, Nish to be exact. -_-

[@elenibouktsi6240]

OrigamiSage He wasnt serbian if thats what you are trying to point out.

[@OrigamiSage]

Of course he wasn't.

[@OrigamiSage]

That's not what I'm implying.

[@fundindylgobrad1598]

OrigamiSage Nish (The western outllands) has been Bulgarian ethnic region since middle ages and during the Ottoman reign until in 1878 the Russians gave it to Serbia for help in the war.Ethnic cleansing followed.

[@OrigamiSage]

Fundin Dylgobrad Thanks for the info! :)

[@BigOmni-mz1vz]

I really enjoy these videos keep it up man

[@watch9604]

I absolutely love this channel evidenced by refusal to put my phone down at work when I'm ya know. At work! Wish I was rich enough to support but until that day I'm forced to leave the old verbal tip! Keep killing it guys and gals! Much love

[@bgiuliano68]

The They Might Be Giants reference made me really happy

[@MegaFunnyGuyz]

4:18- left leg is over the right leg 4:21-right leg is over the left leg

[@divitray7300]

your content is amazing and so helpful

[@claudiaibrahim6991]

I love your videos you make history so much more fun keep up the great work.

[@BLARGHALT]

Wonder what the world would be like if Byzantium managed to at least survive to the modern day with its Greek holdings.

[@BLARGHALT]

Indeed. I imagine with the rise of nationalism in the 1800s, it would have started to call itself the Greek Empire instead of the Roman Empire.

[@N1ckVBe]

Burhan TheSomali The world could actually be vastly different. The reason Europeans searched for new trade routes to India because Constantinople fell to the Ottomans. In other words, the New World may have been never found (or only much later and perhaps by different people) if Constantinople didn't fall to the Ottomans.

[@MauroEnfermoDeLepra]

Burhan TheSomali The otomans in america sounds like unfunded bullshit and the vikings were not a naval power at the time of the fall of Constantinopla. You forget that the reason for the spanish to send Columbus was to find a new trade rute.

[@BLARGHALT]

The evidence that the Malians made it to the New World is kinda flimsy and based largely on heresay. We know for a fact the Vikings sailed to the New World, due to the artifacts and abandoned settlements they left behind. I can't speak for the Ottomans, because we'd have to quantify what it meant to 'know' about the New World. Did they speculate there was a large continent out west before anyone else? Because that idea had been around a long time.

[@MauroEnfermoDeLepra]

I heard that the chinese knew something about America, but then there was that emperor who burnt the fleet, so neither would them.

[@silkcloud9063]

Caesar over pope never forgetting that one

[@worsethanjoerogan8061]

WoonPlayz - Minecraft and Other Junk From Outer Space Caesar was so boss he WAS the Pope of his time

[@XxoBADRxX]

Dean Cutler there were no popes during Caesar's time.

[@worsethanjoerogan8061]

SIEGE He was the Pontifex Maximus, head of the Roman priesthood before they converted to Christianity. That's why the Pope is sometimes called a pontiff.

[@raimethefumeknight2062]

Badr al-Baraq He was reffering to to orthodox Christian belief that Ruler > pope/bishop which caused the great schism

[@kayvillasana7467]

its like a historical fraction

[@xOCxMyszewski]

This channel gets me through my western civilization course...

[@loserprime4324]

John Green ladies and gentlegerms, the greatest author

[@maisyrusso8248]

This is great! Thank you so much! It makes me think about how similar America is to Rome: vast and lacking a unifying culture. Thank you for this video along with the rest!

[@perdaygo]

Constantine was born in Nis, modern day SERBIA. Not Croatia.

[@forzaa867]

Before I thought it was called Sin

[@Wesson42]

+perdaygo Whats the difference?

[@milosgraonic3191]

+CatSauceForThePeople Said by communist.

[@forzaa867]

Guys I thought it was called sin

[@capitalm6438]

He was talking about Diocletian you tool.

[@mahela1993]

It's really hard for me to get anything out of these vids despite the beautiful animations because they are so fast paced.

[@lucapanozzo2533]

No-one's hair: CrashCourse's hair: Bush

[@slicksteele4949]

luca panozzo ha

[@nooralujaili2806]

The Hagia Sophia is actually now a museum, not a mosque! It's located in the "museum"esque district in Turkey and now operates as a museum with a set fare to get in as well as audio guides. They also have removed some of the plaster that covered up Christian mosaics and now the Hagia Sophia is one of the few museums (if not the only one?) that has Christianity and Islam peacefully side by side.

[@darken2417]

Noor Jehan If it was restored to its former glory then we can say it was fully converted into a museum with its original art restored. And by peacefully you mean one group wanting it back at all cost while the other group still considering itself owning it; then yes peace..... It seems you forget that Hagia Sophia is like St. Peter's Basilica except for the Eastern Orthodox. Imagine if Mecca was conquered by the Hindus and the Mosque made into a Hindu palace. (That's right feel guilty)

[@holydoggo4822]

Noor Jehan the year if the video... look at it.

[@KappoDB]

CrashCourse 5:44 He was born in Naissus (Niš), modern-day Serbia... Just sayin'...

[@handmadesoftware]

Everybody gangsta til the ships start walking

[@mycelia_ow]

Everybodys a gangster until Gandhi hits half your civ with ICBMs

[@Theempyreann]

i swear u make me want to learn even more about history your theme is actually funny

[@kavehyazdani2920]

7:35 Borat was Byzantine? I thought he's a Kazakh Barbarbarbarbarian.

[@Dingish]

Hagia Sophia is a museum now.

[@infinite4392]

Just watched this video as part of an assignment for a history of western civilization course at my college!

[@Tessaaa]

Just watching reviewing for my test yup 😂👌🏻 thanks John green!

[@bobbell9623]

I am with you. Roman Civilization did not end with the fall of Rome and it lasted another thousand years.

[@patrickciacco1083]

True...It lasted another thousand years but not under the Roman rule and government. Roman civilization did end with the fall of Rome. However, the thousand years afterward was ruled by Byzantium and all her domains. When Rome fell, Civilization was shifted by title and rule to Byzantium and Roman civilization became Byzantine civilization. Rome really only ruled for about four hundred years.

[@andrewwallace9549]

I think you could argue that we are _still_ living in the remnants of Rome.

[@CDexie]

It's very interesting how EVERYONE tries and tried to be Rome. The Carolingian Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Byzantines, the Rûm, Russia and WW1-era Italy and Mussolini. Even the Ottoman Emperor, when he took Constantinople, proclaimed himself "Caesar of Rome". Personally, I think Byzantium has the most legitimate claim, but still. Also, I could include Prussia and Germany, but they mostly used the Double-Headed Eagle, a symbol of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires.

[@09thespecialone]

FROM MACEDONIA FOR MACEDONIA Wrong. It was the Roman Empire plain and simple with greek as the main tongue instead of latin.

[@joev6049]

That’s why it’s called the fall of the Roman EMPIRE not the fall of Roman Civilization

[@luizpalombini3425]

IDEAS FOR NEW CRASH COURSE (MYTHS AND CULTURE): 1. STONE AGE 2. IRON AGE 3. CELTIC CULTURE 3. CELTIC MYTHS 4. NATIVE AMERICAN INDIAN MYTHS 5. GREEK MYTHS 6. MYTHS IN GENERAL (JOSEPH CAMPBELL / JUNG)

[@maxpanzer10]

Watching this in self isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic for a test due tonight

[@rogerdotlee]

"It's funny how married people always look like each other." MY EYES! OH SWEET MOTHER OF MERCY MY EYES!!!!

[@PeaceEcho_]

Hey that’s true or is it?

[@Ultrasound700]

John, I'm pretty sure Islam isn't very strong in China.

[@TribelessWolf]

A. J. West There are 10 million hui and over 1.2 billion han...

[@swimrunmatt]

it's pretty strong in western China, though not officially of course

[@marinusvonzilio9628]

The year 476 as the year of the fall of the Western Empire is not correct. Also, Romulus Augustus was not the last Western Emperor. It is a common, but ultimately incorrect, statement. The last Roman Emperor in the West was Julius Nepos, who was assassinated in Diocletian's Palace in the year 480. Nepos, who was already in control of the province of Dalmatia, was elevated to imperial rank by the Eastern Emperor Leo I in 474. He was married to Leo's niece (or his wife's niece, according to some sources), hence ''Nepos''. In 475 Nepos was deposed by Orestes, a senior military official in Italy, who then appointed his son, Romulus, as the Emperor. Orestes could not have assumed the position himself because of his Germanic origins. His wife, Romulus's mother, on the other hand, was descended from a noble Roman family, thus making her son an acceptable choice for the throne. Of course, Romulus being only 15 or 16 at the time, the real power was in Orestes's hands. Nepos, however, managed to escape to Dalmatia, over which he retained control. He was still considered Emperor of the West by the court in Constantinople, which viewed Romulus as a usurper, which, legally speaking, he was. Meanwhile, back in Italy, Orestes made a terrible mistake of refusing to grant land to Germanic mercenaries in imperial service. They revolted under the leadership of Odoacer, who, after defeating and executing Orestes, quietly deposed Romulus. Because of his youth, and the manner in which he was forced to retire (Odoacer granted him an annual pension of 6000 solidi, and allowed him to live in the Lucullanum villa, in Campania), Romulus was nicknamed ''Augustulus''. He more or less disappeared from history after his deposition, although, there is some evidence which points out that he probably lived past the year 500, in quiet retirement. After deposing Romulus, Odoacer tried to appeal to the Eastern Emperor, Zeno, to acknowledge his rule in Italy. Odoacer managed to gather support from the Roman Senate, and he tried to win Zeno over by styling himself as Zeno's viceroy in Italy. Nevertheless, Zeno, while granting Odoacer the title of Patrician, accepted his rule over Italy only after Odoacer agreed to acknowledge Nepos as his Emperor. Odoacer was not too pleased with this, but he kept his end of the bargain, even issuing coins in Nepos's name. Of course, Nepos's reign in Italy was just symbolic; he only truly had authority over the Dalmatian province. Nepos, however, was plotting to regain actual control of Italy, and Odoacer perceived him as a threat. He was murdered in Diocletian's Palace, in 480, by one of his military commanders by the name of Ovida, probably a German. There are a couple of explanations for the forces behind the assassination. Some argue that the Romans from Dalmatia itself were behind it, because by that point Dalmatia was an isolationist province, and a rather stable one at that, so they were in no mood to endanger that by going to war against Odoacer. Other possible explanations are that the Emperor was murdered under Odoacer's orders, or possibly Glycerius's, who held imperial throne prior to Nepos, but was deposed by him and sent as a bishop to Salona, which is rather close to Diocletian's Palace. I myself am of the opinion that Odoacer was behind it, as it fits perfectly with his ambitious, and highly capable, personality. After all, a German who was capable of winning both the support of the Roman Senate, and the acknowledgment of the Eastern Empire, and at a time when Germanic people were almost universally hated in Italy (during that century the Germans had a habit of sacking Italy, the Romans repaying them by massacring Germanic residents of the peninsula from time to time). Odoacer used the murder of Nepos as a justification to invade Dalmatia, since Nepos was de iure his sovereign. Ovida was killed, several other conspirators executed as well, and Dalmatia was annexed by Odoacer's growing kingdom, and in a such a way that the Eastern Empire could not object to it. With one masterful stroke he got rid of Nepos, and gained a cause to expand his borders, with Ovida paying the price. After that Odoacer styled himself as Zeno's regent in the West, and he even allowed the Roman Senate to continue existing, passing his laws through it. So, interestingly, the Western Senate (there was one in Constantinople as well) actually outlived the Western Empire, through magnanimity of a barbarian, although a cultured one, who was also an able military commander and quite a capable diplomat as well. The Senate was genuinely loyal to him, which is rather ironic considering that they could not muster the same sense of loyalty to their own emperors. The popularity of the notion that Romulus Augustulus was the last Emperor in the West probably has more to do with his name than anything else. Started with Romulus, ended with Romulus.

[@flankspeed]

As a Glaswegian, I can testify to that football rivalry thing. Blues and Greens, indeed 😉

[@claireshi7384]

5:36 Did you know? Constantine is dead Me: That is waaaay to obvious😂😂

[@lizbaby7284]

Plot twist: He is actually alive😏

[@israelp3220]

damn it i wanted his autograph

[@yyangcn]

Oh god, why is Borat there at 7:40?

[@williamarnold3607]

very nice

[@spreadthewordofwalpole9737]

Great Success!

[@leeraeside5341]

The Hagia Sophia hasn't been a mosque for some time.

[@fireball03sf]

Love the shout out to The Vampire Diaries. I was thinking "Oh, so that's where that name came from" and then you laid it on me. Good stuff. Thanks for the laugh.