I love John casually rating the names of these universe epochs by how poetic they sound. Perfect combination of science and artistry
@carmillachoate3 ай бұрын
The perfect combination of science and artistry is kind of a wonderful explanation of the Green brothers
@pacotaco12463 ай бұрын
i bet his next book will have an even spacier and more poetic name then The Fault in Our Stars
@alanho68143 ай бұрын
A great throwback to World History too. He has been rating academic terms for a while now, and I love him for that!
@geoffbrom78443 ай бұрын
@@carmillachoate ha, I need a book of John and Katie's revised astronomical glossary
@SnappyWasHere3 ай бұрын
I love how this is a conversation between a writer and a scientist. Helps me understand instead of getting lost in the lingo. Wonderful series
@xela5523 ай бұрын
This podcast is honestly something that should be shared in classrooms. Its the best explanation of how the universe formed I've ever heard
@acetheenby14753 ай бұрын
He sounded so close to laughing during the transition to the ad. I love it.
@DragoniteSpam3 ай бұрын
"Favorite sponsored ad read" is a weirdly capitalistic thing to say but I think john's existential terror + life insurance might be mine.
@janmelantu74903 ай бұрын
You’re correct, John. The guy who came up with “inflatons” is Dr. Alan Guth, who is alive, currently an MIT professor, and won the Boston Globe’s award for “Messiest Office in Boston” which is incredible
@MarioJaker3 ай бұрын
Everything in the whole world is stressful right now. These conversations have been so healing and informative. EDIT: big “we’re here because we’re here” energy from this 🙏
@mrpearson12303 ай бұрын
Books help. Our world information centers (social media, news media, podcasts, etc) operate on controversy.
@CliffSedge-nu5fv3 ай бұрын
I haven't watched TV, listened to a radio, read a newspaper or magazine, or used any online social media in over 12 years. Everything seems fine to me.
@lewi_figo3 ай бұрын
Is it fair to assume that everytime there's a little bit of music it's so John can go and have a lie down?
@wosdwde1323 ай бұрын
It's the end of the early universe as we know it and John Feels Fine!
@DominoPivot3 ай бұрын
I don't know John enough, I don't even know if he plays video games, but I can't help but think he would love Outer Wilds. This image of two people in camping chairs watching the stars makes it hard not to think about that wonderful game.
@raymanscape3 ай бұрын
"The Surface of Last Scattering" would be a great darkambient CD album title (edit: but so does "The Dark Ages of the Cosmos" 😄 )
@oophyte3 ай бұрын
I knew dark matter didn't interact with light, and I knew touch was based on electromagnetism, but I never connected the dots that those two were due to the same reason! In this sense, they are so similar to neutrinos.
@TatianaBoshenka3 ай бұрын
This was a new realization to me too, that you can't touch dark matter or feel it or reach out and move it with your hands. It has mass, but not touch. Wild!
@anton994133 ай бұрын
The freaking Policy Genius ad catches me by surprise every time :).
@debrachambers13043 ай бұрын
Katie: This thing is big. John: AAAAAAAAAAHHHHHHHHHHH!!!
@GregMcNeish3 ай бұрын
So, when can we start pre-ordering "The Surface of Last Scattering" by John Green?
@chaotic.nyc_vibes3 ай бұрын
Astrophysics is literally life
@pacotaco12463 ай бұрын
For real! We are literally Astrophysics happening right now!
@juliegolick3 ай бұрын
We need a whole podcast of John ranking the names of cosmic eras. If only he had a podcast where he ranked things on a 5-star scale!
@AndrewTBP2 ай бұрын
Like a SciShow Tier List of some kind? 👏
@MakeMoneyWithAI_833 ай бұрын
It's awe-inspiring to think about the vastness and complexity of the universe, from the hot, dense early stages to the formation of stars and galaxies millions of years later. The interconnectedness and coherence of the cosmic timeline can evoke a sense of wonder and smallness in the face of such immense forces. The ability to understand and visualize these processes, from the first moments to the present day, is both thrilling and overwhelming, prompting questions about free will and determinism. The exploration of the universe's evolution can lead to a deep sense of awe and contemplation.
@KidWithoutACamera3 ай бұрын
This podcast is great! Please youtube... promote this to more people
@162manoj3 ай бұрын
This came right on time after boarding a bus. Thanks guys!
@mrpearson12303 ай бұрын
Reading Neil Degrasse Tyson's books helps a lot with these concepts for those looking for a better understanding, like "Origins: Revised & Updated, Fourteen Billion Years of Cosmic Evolution", "Astrophysics for People in a Hurry", and "Welcome to the Universe" not to mention Katie's book of course.
@adarkerstormishere3 ай бұрын
And if you want to learn from the man who taught Neil (the man whom Neil idolized), please read Carl Sagan's Cosmos. Just as poignant and informative and beautiful today as it was 50 years ago.
@kennedypatterson86523 ай бұрын
There’s also the KZbin channel @HistoryoftheUniverse that does a piece by piece breakdown of all of this including the scientists that discovered each step of the universes formation that’s very good
@louisalowry62293 ай бұрын
So enjoying these podcasts, Katie really is able to explain things in a way that makes sense. I’ve just borrowed her book from the library.
@Campfire_Bandit3 ай бұрын
This is the kind of content that motivates me to buy my Crash Course Coin every year!
@DigitalEelRich4 күн бұрын
The definition of awe. Wonder, and yet a kind of fear and terror. The word you're looking for is "sublime".
@acetrainer55643 ай бұрын
Something that I really love about this series is how GENUINE both of their love for the subject is. I am so tired of how deeply steeped in irony everything is these days, all media has to quip and look at the camera and wink or crack some joke about how rediculous the subject matter is and that the characters KNOW how rediculous it is. I'm tired of it. I want more works of love made by people who love them. I want genuine real joy, not joy that someone flinches at expressing and twists into ironic enjoyment. Hearing John come back to how beatuiful "the surface of last scattering" is and revel in it's beauty every time is soooooo refreshing. Thank you both.
@GENERIC_CHANNEL_HANDLE3 ай бұрын
John really proves that the line "they should have sent a poet" from _Contact_ is absolutely true. I love space stuff on its face, but his enthusiasm and perspective is just astonishingly lovely. I feel more connected to reality as I understand it from the way he's framed so much of these episodes. ❤
@etienneporras72523 ай бұрын
14:03 And here you can hear John almost choke on his Awesome Coffee
@jonathanbyrdmusic3 ай бұрын
I love how much joy John takes in his sneaky intro to the sponsor.
@hweigel5283 ай бұрын
I need to know if Dr. Katie Mack has seen the classic video "History of the entire world, i guess". Does it give an accurate depiction of the early universe? Loving every episode. Thanks again
@Finvaara3 ай бұрын
I love this entire podcast, and I love every part of Dr. Mack's explanation's, but I also love dumb stuff like the Advertisement read.
@williammiller33173 ай бұрын
Please hurry up and get on with it because this is all I want to listen to
@tarabates7088Ай бұрын
John and Katie never disappoint. This is simply awesome. Thanks!
@pedrostormrage3 ай бұрын
19:23 "And that's why there's life insurance" I can hear the "tee-hee" in that segue 😛
@EnjoySunlessDays3 ай бұрын
I just want to say. This series is absolutely blowing my mind. I feel like I'm having fundamental revelations about my existence and like you said, it's terrifying but exciting!
@DaniClover146 күн бұрын
The way John tries so hard not to laugh with every ad segue is SENDING me lmaoo
@DataSoong1013 ай бұрын
I love this so much. Need to rewatch the whole series when I can pay closer attention.
@burrito-town3 ай бұрын
This series is wonderful. I love the talking stars visualization.
@jameslaporta86893 ай бұрын
This show gives me so much joy.
@tophee74623 ай бұрын
I just wanna say that I absolutely adore this series. It brings me so much joy to hear someone else learn about the things I've been fascinated in my entire life. Thank you John!
@gibberishname3 ай бұрын
another AMAZING pivot from existential dread to life insurance advertisement. Bravo John.
@petdoiseauR.H.3 ай бұрын
Merci!
@shawnholbrook72783 ай бұрын
I love this, all of it. Thanks Y'all!.
@katelillo19323 ай бұрын
I love this series. It feels like a little indulgent treat I’m having as I do my daily tasks ❤
@clearlyrebecca3 ай бұрын
"I'm gonna not panic," he said, panicking.
@kimcosmos3 ай бұрын
the cooling that allows compression by gravity is why fridges and aircons have to radiate heat whilst they cool and compress their gas
@deathdoor3 ай бұрын
Have a question. "We" can see the cosmic background, and we can see the universe "expanding". Now image if the expansion stopped, and lets assume that the universe immediately started shrinking, and it shrinks in a speed lower than the speed of light. Would "we" be able to notice the change when looking far? Not only detect that the expansion had stopped, but also would the data reveal that it was reverting back?
@Jeewanu2163 ай бұрын
After some time, maybe a few years, yes. Where expansion has redshifting as an effect, compression would result in blueshifting.
@magneticflux-3 ай бұрын
It would take time for the newly-blue-shifted light to be strong enough to be noticed. The Hubble parameter (the relation between how far away something is to us and how fast it's moving away from us, which is what would be "reversed" in your hypothetical) is ~73 km/s/megaparsec. If we waited 4.2 years after the reversal and then carefully observed Proxima Centauri, we would see its radial velocity lower by 180 millimeters per second (90 mm/s from removal of the expansion and another 90 from adding contraction, so we double the Hubble parameter). This is not feasible to measure because its radial velocity as reported in "Proxima's orbit around Alpha Centauri" using data from HARPS, -22.204±0.032 km/s, is so much higher it completely dominates the feeble effects of Hubble's law. Assuming we want to see a -0.032 km/s velocity change (to move it outside the radial velocity error bars for Proxima Centauri) it would need to be 750ly away. In other words, with the telescope used for that particular measurement of Proxima Centauri's radial velocity (the HARPS spectrograph at the ESO 3.6m telescope in Chile) it would be 750 years before light that is blue-shifted enough to detect would arrive. However, according to "State of the Field: Extreme Precision Radial Velocities", state-of-the-art telescopes that are continuously focused on a single target can achieve precision down to 1m/s, which would only need to be 24ly away for detection. My best guess if the Hubble parameter suddenly reversed is that it would take 50-100 years for us to get lucky with precise enough radial velocity measurements of a star from just before and just after the shift became visible in its light.
@TheKaIibak3 ай бұрын
Loved the show ❤
@adpirtle3 ай бұрын
I am only here for the killer segues into the sponsor.
@EmilyB423 ай бұрын
This is such a lovely series! If I could make a suggestion, I think a gallery of images relating to the discussions (cosmic background, early galexies etc) could really enhance the audio experience. Maybe a link to a webpage include with the video and podcast.
@AdamPFarnsworthАй бұрын
"The History Of The Entire World, I Guess" really helped me visualize the concepts described here! 😆
@azkon79753 ай бұрын
One does not learn and study about the Universe and not find it hauntingly beautiful.
@merlinthewizard3 ай бұрын
Love this series, thank you!
@braylorcasual90163 ай бұрын
thanks John
@tcuisix3 ай бұрын
I think of the big bang as something continuously unfolding even today rather than something that happened once a long time ago
@wearwolf25003 ай бұрын
"The only thing that could have happened... happened". I forget the name of it but this feels related to the idea that we can only exist in the universe that we exist in. If things had happened a different way we wouldn't be here to know about it.
@AndrewTBP3 ай бұрын
It’s called the Anthropic Principle
@reginat57493 ай бұрын
So, can dark matter interact with other dark matter? Could there be dark matter 'planets' ? Obviously I do not understand much here.
@Jeewanu2163 ай бұрын
Yup! And it DOES, which is the only reason we even know it's there. It makes galaxies spin faster than they otherwise should. I don't know about planets, but dark stars are a hypothetical object.
@oliverniemann25413 ай бұрын
It doesn’t interact with the electromagnetic force, so it wouldn’t form a planet. Like the force that makes atoms stay separate, so it forms a clump from gravity pulling it together but not a solid planet type thing. I’m not that well educated on this tho so there’s a possibility that it would form a type of gas giant, but it doesn’t seem like it.
@storyls3 ай бұрын
1. Yes it can. 2. No, dark matter does not interact with the electric force at all by its definition. Planets are balanced by gravity pulling matter in and matter’s electric force pushing out. Without that push out, each particle of dark matter would dance around each other.
@reginat57493 ай бұрын
@@Jeewanu216 is that not because it is influenced by gravity and not other dark matter? Sorry for being so ... dense (I apologise, sometimes I cannot resist)
@reginat57493 ай бұрын
@@oliverniemann2541thank you for answering, this slightly makes my head hurt, though 😊
@basslinedan2Ай бұрын
Oh wow. I did not know about the light of older galaxies leaving them when they were closer to us, hence them appearing larger. Very cool.
@neurosharky3 ай бұрын
The way the life insurance ad is coming in makes me giggle!
@Davlavi2 ай бұрын
Informative as always.
@YvonTripper3 ай бұрын
I have theorized that the National Hockey League is currently expanding at a faster rate than the universe and so will eventually consume all matter and occupy every empty space in existence except Quebec City
@DeannaGilbert6163 ай бұрын
Ouch. 😮
@neogoo1233 ай бұрын
I absolutely love how John is in a constant flux of going from "Oh god oh no" to "Oh that's good" to "OH GOD OH NO" ending with a little "That makes me... I'm a little more comfortable now"
@bn11423 ай бұрын
The music here is just beautiful - is there any way to listen to a compilation of the compositions made for this series?! I would listen to that on a loop while marking! Just so lovely 51:16
@antispeedrunАй бұрын
John Green working through his anxiety by doing ad reads for Policy Genius makes me want to reconsider my long-held position that the existence of paid ads on the interent is, while definitely a huge boon to a great many content creators, potentially a net loss for society as a whole. I never knew an ad read could feel so therapeutic. Would that all of them could be so.
@d0onut3 ай бұрын
The analogy of the cosmic microwave background to the suns photo sphere blew my mind
@chezvanessa3 ай бұрын
Loved the ep! Also, Hozier fans, check in!
@Strange_Nothings3 ай бұрын
Eating left over corn salsa while listening to this and having my mind expanded by cosmic inflation. The universe is good. multiverse me: agreed multiverse me: here here multiverse me: pass the chips Me: woah Everyone in the dovetail effect experiencing reality at the same time as me: WWWWWWHHHHHHAAAATTTT?
@EnergyAnn2 ай бұрын
This is absolutely fantastic. I've listened to each episode 2x. And Surface of Last Scattering needs to be a Pearl Jam album title. (I mean they did make Dark Matter)
@geoffbrom78443 ай бұрын
I want John and Katie's Revised Astronomical Glossary! and may I propose Daybreak or Crepuscularity to replace Re-ionisation?
@thethirdjegs3 ай бұрын
that was a lot of new things and terms learned and i had never heard before
@NathanaelNewtonАй бұрын
'It's like Rich, Get richer and poor get poorer' John: ahh that makes sense 😂
@JackFoy3 ай бұрын
When Dr. Mack talks about fully modern galaxies within the first two to four hundred million years, what does that mean? Do they have supermassive black holes at their core? Do they contain roughly the modern proportions of heavy elements? Thanks!
@Jeewanu2163 ай бұрын
They would likely have black holes at the centers, yes, however the composition would be more hydrogen and helium.
@gailaltschwager73773 ай бұрын
Thank you!
@patrik51233 ай бұрын
The universe made protons, electrons and so on, which eventually turned into us. That's cool and all, but the real mind-blowing bit is this: Those protons, electrons etc eventually made at least one type of organism that were able to contemplate the creation of those protons. In a sense, the Universe made a thing able to contemplate itself.
@AMSkaterDad3 ай бұрын
"Matter is the visible reminder of invisible Dark Matter."
@AarreLisakki2 ай бұрын
a trivial slip of the tounge I wanted to note -- around 41:50 , "just a tiny amount of helium" was prob supposed to be "just a tiny amount of lithium". That same phrase was used in the series before, so it was likely intended here as well, and afaik it wasn't a particularly tiny amount of helium anyhow, about a quarter of total by mass (so since its heavier, 8% of the nuclei).
@capnkwick42863 ай бұрын
I've always understood that the CMB marks the point where the plasma has cooled sufficiently for electrons to be captured by atomic nuclei. It was at that point when light from the plasma was "visible" in the universe. Due to redshift that light has now been stretched out to become detectable as microwaves.
@francoislacombe90713 ай бұрын
Was there enough lithium made in the Big Bang to make some dust, and that would have helped cool those first gas clouds forming the first generation or stars?
@deathdoor3 ай бұрын
Oh, just in time for lunch. It's really a unique experience, trying to digest food while feeling existentially hopeless.
@TheVirtualFashionista3 ай бұрын
Well. Never thought I'd be crying over astrophysics at 3 am on a random Thursday night, and yet... here we are. Crying over astrophysics at 3am, like a crazy person. Hello existential dread, my old friend.
@sarahleonard73093 ай бұрын
What is really sinking into my brain on this episode is that the existence of the universe as we know it was founded by what could be considered the flaws in the system at the very beginning. It was the asymmetry, the non-uniformity that made matter itself possible in those first precious seconds, and then allowed that matter to arrange itself into atoms and go on to form stars. It feels so... random. But as she talks about it, she makes it clear that once everything got started it follows a logical progression that borders on inevitability. It's this odd combination of disturbing and deeply comforting for me. Also, did it strike anyone else that her description of the center of a star was really similar to Dante's description of the heavenly spheres at the end of The Divine Comedy?
@Beryllahawk3 ай бұрын
I dunno, this idea of "the only thing that could have happened...happened" - I'm finding great comfort in that. Because if the whole dang universe has just HAPPENED. That means I'm here through mathematical inevitability. And maybe I was always gonna be here, in this time, in this place, in this life. And maybe I was always gonna have a rough childhood and a confusing time as an adult (so far). But also. Maybe. Just maybe! Maybe that also means that, inevitably...I'm gonna be okay. I'm gonna be able to do all these things I so desperately want to do before I die. And maybe, somewhere way in the future where I can't yet see, maybe that person, a year from here and now, ten years from here and now... maybe she's happy. And maybe here-and-now me got her there.
@infinite1der3 ай бұрын
So, how many generations are "we" from the "first stars"?
@AndrewTBP3 ай бұрын
At least 3 IIRC See _Stellar population_ in Wikipedia.
@pvtpain66k3 ай бұрын
"it would not annihilate us all. No, no. Anyway, yeah."
@StrayVagabond3 ай бұрын
Recombination bad. Should be prime combination
@BogeyCDogRosey2 ай бұрын
Do the slightly cooler areas in the CMB indicate that the “lower” energy in those places allowed mass to gather creating the gravitational effects causing the structures wherein we now see galaxy superclusters?
@devilseye3613 ай бұрын
Nice
@ManfredGeorgPhd3 ай бұрын
How much self friction or friction with regular matter does dark matter experience? (And do we know the mechanism?) How intense is the surface of last scattering at these various epochs? Should I be thinking about early stars forming under a perfect green glow? How bright would it be? I assume that the matter/antimatter imbalance cannot be due to there just happening to be more matter in the section of space that got inflated to be us (because otherwise I would have heard of that argument). But why do we know that's the case? I know the actual generation of the matter/antimatter was afterwards, but couldn't the imbalance just be a heightened value in a field? Or maybe I'm misunderstanding, since I don't really know what field that would be.
@EnergyAnn2 ай бұрын
Are light and heat synonymous in astrophysics?
@AndrewTBP2 ай бұрын
No. Light is electromagnetic radiation (photons) of all frequencies from gamma rays down to radio waves. Heat (temperature) is the motion of atoms & particles.
@sukhdevmishra86313 ай бұрын
Great 👍
@LA-MJ3 ай бұрын
Those insurance ads...
@KaylaCakes873 ай бұрын
I find this fascinating. But I don't understand how we could know what happened within a trillionth of a second at the beginning of the universe. Maybe my mind is just too blown?
@aceofdatabase3 ай бұрын
Idk I rather like the word inflaton.
@divineculturetalk99.93 ай бұрын
Unfortunately we are universal beings ❤❤❤
@jamesmorseman31803 ай бұрын
Inflation is a sick name gotta completely disagree
@pacotaco12463 ай бұрын
Inflaton sounds like a particle made of growing
@ibrahiymmuhammad4773Ай бұрын
Progress doesn’t need a process
@from_fresno24433 ай бұрын
🎉🎉🎉
@juanitarodriguez82383 ай бұрын
I still believe that dark matter is just the space in the upper dimensions that we can't interact with directly due to our position in time So basically we do interact with it, we just don't have the "sense", like we have sight/hearing/taste etc, to notice it. Some higher beings somewhere probably can and probably already have contact with us, we just can't see them. I like to imagine the space between the planets as a huge open field full of mesmerizing landscapes, untouched by man, that are connecting the planets together in 7th dimensional beauty. Perhaps what lies beyond a black hole... Is actually a larger part of a reality we couldn't fathom.
@user-ug2dd6jk1tАй бұрын
You say epochs, I say epochs.
@MsManomenАй бұрын
I came up with a theory, what if the 4 combined forces are a Gravity and what we call gravity is what's leftover after the forces separate. What if dark matter is its medium. (like photons are to light)
@yourbuddyunit3 ай бұрын
Is EVERYTHING technically inside the sun? If there's no surface of the sun???
@AndrewTBP2 ай бұрын
I've heard it described that the Sun's atmosphere extends over the whole Solar System, and that it ends at the heliopause.
@yourbuddyunit3 ай бұрын
Can we just call it J-dub-street? Jay double-u ess tee, is a mouthful and JWST (j-dub-st) sounds like a cool DJ spinnin cosmic records for humans to vibe to.