The Dispute over Fiume after WW1

[@salvadorromero9712]

I am absolutely loving Fiume's head Italian ethnonationalist being a guy with a Croatian name. You see this all the time in places like this, like Belgium, and it will never not be awesome.

[@7878-x5w]

I have a friend that bets if an explicit White Nationalist ever comes to power in the US, his surname will be “Velazquez” lol

[@jackyex]

It's fascinating, isn't? I love cases like that.

[@okon7464]

@@salvadorromero9712 Wait till you get to know that 2 of main men in czech national awakening didn't have czech language as the native and one of em didn't speak it at all

[@timschmidt4067]

@@okon7464 do you mean dobrovsky and jungmann

[@rafanadir6958]

​@@okon7464 what language did they have as a mother language and what did they speak?

[@michaelstora70]

Itally invading a city to force them to stop claiming to be Itallian is kind of like the Social Wars of ancient Rome.

[@casteddu6740]

As if this story wasn't crazy enough, among the volunteers who followed d'Annunzio there was also a Japanese warrior poet, Harukichi Shimoi, who got the nickname "the Samurai of Fiume" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harukichi_Shimoi

[@sephikong8323]

Thank you for bringing him up. Also, the man was a very ardent believer in Italian fascism and wanted to export it to his home country. He was genuinely one of the most interesting figures of the time

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

Yep, the Impresa di Fiume is a very underrated piece of history.

[@nicholasgutierrez9940]

RIP Italian Shogunate, you will forever be missed

[@dio_7366]

Hoi4 red flood

[@charleynilsson5543]

I really appreciate your channel for covering more niche and unknown history like this.

[@SacredHeartEnjoyer]

I bet they were Fiuming 😤 🇮🇹

[@GAarcher]

*Plesbiciting is so cool, I wished I was a Fiuman to be able to plesbicite twice*

[@Arpitan_Carpenter]

W name

[@The_whales]

Ah yea, rivering

[@Magpie_YT]

As a croat, i can confirm

[@mementomouuuri9013]

Bdaum tssss

[@anthonybird546]

I like that they had a Department of No Fucking Ugly Buildings

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

Unfortunately today the city is full of ugly buildings. Especially the hills around it and in Sušak.

[@anthonybird546]

@@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ 😥

[@MayorMcC666]

maybe you should reflect on your beliefs

[@JmKrokY]

​@@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZAnd who is to say that they are ugly? I personally think that the city looks great. The buildings give it character.

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

@@JmKrokY me. Look, I don't know how a person cal like a 25 meter high grey concrete tower on the hills surrounding the historic center filled with beautiful buildings and their rich decorated façades and colorful walls. I suppose we like different things. Where I live the city looks more like the historic center, maybe you like buildings on the outskirts of town?

[@funghi2606]

To be clear D’Annunzio is still study in Italian literature classes today, he is a big deal still

[@ekesandras1481]

as an Austrian visiting Trieste I got a bit angry, when I saw his statue there. But ok, he is part of the regions history ... and they kept the Austrian moments too.

[@sangay9361]

@@ekesandras1481yeah he is a peculiar man. In our italian lessons we studied D'Annunzio a lot but one day our teacher went on and on explaining what a disgusting fascist and casanova he was ahaha

[@SilesaoCocc]

⁠​⁠@@ekesandras1481 D’Annunzio is studied in literature classes but often seen in a negative way. I think Italy made a good job by trying to preserve the Austrian culture in the former Austrian territories, like in Südtirol or Trentino. Unfortunately that didn’t happen in reverse in former italian regions like Istria, Nice or Corsica.😅

[@ipeeter]

So far I was amazed by Istria and the dual ksnguage signs, schools everywhere... So please can you explain your stance more? Thanks

[@SilesaoCocc]

@@ipeeter I meant that while in Südtirol german remains the first language and you have to speak german to live there as many south tyroleans do not speak italian, Istria and especially Dalmatia had a real exodus, there is very little italians left and you surely can’t live, study and work in Rovinj or Pula without speaking croatian (I think). Of course that was the reaction against the fascist crimes against croatians, that is fully understandable.

[@matteomatteo7563]

I’m italian and i just want to thank you for giving an unbiased perspective on the topic. One tidbit i’d like to add is that after invading Yugoslavia during WWII Italy annexed Fiume and parts of Dalmatia.

[@gggmmmxspace]

Non dirlo…

[@lucdebado]

@@matteomatteo7563 Italy didn't annex Fiume during WW2 and the invasion of Yugoslavia. At the point, Fiume was already an Italian province, legally and internationally recognized. It had been so since 1924, as correctly pointed out in this video. In 1941, Italy occupied and annexed to the Fiume province the outskirts of the city, which had been incorporated in Yugoslavia in 1920 and 1924, notably Sušak-Trsat (Sussak and Tersatto), Kastav (Castua), and a larger northern and eastern hinterland (Bakar/Buccari, etc.).

[@adriaticdream9742]

@@lucdebado Italy is a country on the Apennine penisula and has nothing to do with the Balcan penisula - expect the invasion and occupation!!!

[@NoName-hg6cc]

@@adriaticdream9742 Actually a part of the Balkan, Istria, HAD Italians

[@lucdebado]

@@NoName-hg6cc Istria is not part of Balcan(ia), and never was. Italians *live still* in Istria to this very day, despite being just a tiny minority nowadays. I am one of them, an Istrian-Italian from Istria.

[@DonPedroman]

A visitor came to my house this afternoon and we briefly talked about Fiume when talking, what a wonderful coincidence.

[@Shantari]

The Aedile thing sounds like it was just a "well the Romans had Aediles, so we should too" kind of thing.

[@hedgehog3180]

The entire thing just sounds like someone who was a little too into ancient Rome.

[@theo-dr2dz]

The Roman Aediles were responsible for organising religious festivals. Having Aediles that are responsible for art and beauty and all sounds kind of fitting to me. D'Annunzio was clearly an artist, he cared about art. Regardless of his rather questionable politics.

[@SuperNintendawg]

Classic fascist stuff, but also very, very aligned with the Paris Commune's policy. Once again, classic fascist stuff.

[@MisterPlopPlop]

As someone who's been here almost every year due to my mother being born in Fiume/Rijeka who's parents were Italian and Croat this was a very personal part of history. Thank you! My great grand mother still had her Italian irridentist tendencies, whilst my grandparents became socialist to offset the horrors of war.

[@Luxnutz1]

The clarification of Gabriele D'Annunzio role at that time by Sir Manatee is clarified. Visiting Rijeka and Trieste and only being told about the post WW2 Chaos in Trieste makes sense about the area. Absolutely fantastic broadcast as usual. I hope there is a Broadcast about Emperor Maximilian and the KüK Kriegsmarine in the future. More interesting aspects of that area

[@Wn9618]

Every time I’m convinced there’s no way you could possibly produce another amazing video analysing undervalued old-world or Belle Epoque phenomena you prove me wrong yet again HE CAN’T KEEP GETTING AWAY WITH THIS

[@countravicchio1050]

Totally agree, except I think he can get away with it a few more times

[@Wn9618]

@@countravicchio1050 without a doubt, we’re blessed

[@countravicchio1050]

@Wn9618 as an American who has no frame for the period, that is what I find interesting about his content, all the time he puts into setting up the period and place the event/crisis happened

[@tancreddehauteville764]

Amazing how hypocritical the allies were.

[@Helania12]

They are what they are. The problem of Woodrow Wilson was that he had a savior complex and he was at least somewhat racist even for the time so only certain people that were seen as somewhat civilised have the right to self determination. So you have a pretty good Idea like the self determination of peoples only being done when it doesn’t negatively effect the Allies (the western Allies like France, UK and the USA) since the Allies control a lot of people that were seen an unable to rule their own nation.

[@anonymous-hz2un]

​@@Helania12 the US had no control over the post war boundries in Europe. That was all France and to a much lesser extend Britain, who was more concerned with the collonies. Go hate America somewhere else.

[@herbertschulz4313]

Self determination for all people exept for: austrians, the people in south tyrol and the polish corridor, and all the people in the colonies of european people

[@anonymous-hz2un]

@@herbertschulz4313 and hungarians. And bulgarians. Annd armenians. And greeks in Turkey. Etc etc...

[@King_Minos64]

⁠​⁠@@Helania12Self determination was just a good excuse for France and Britain to weaken their rivals and satisfy their national interests. Not that I am saying that it didn’t do good things, giving suppressed peoples the ability to make decisions about their communities, but the thinking wasn’t all that pure. Just outright saying they wanted to dismantle and neuter the Austrian Empire and German Kaiserreich so they would never be threats again wouldn’t look good, it had to have for a “moral” reason. Thus it was all made to be about the repressed ethnic groups until it didn’t suit their interests like in Tyrol.

[@salvadorromero9712]

Oh I was _just_ thinking about the Fiume crisis and hoping one of my favorite history KZbinrs would do something on it! (Well I guess this will do instead. Haha just playing! Thank you for this fun video.)

[@Gennaropacchiano]

Watching the video rn, but I just wanted to say that your pronunciation of Italian names is excellent

[@valentinbezdan570]

He does a good job with various Slavic languages too. It's a breath of fresh air from the butchery that a lot of English content has.

[@crazymangoz9583]

@@valentinbezdan570 Same with the German and usually French too. I love his effort to accurately represent all the different nationalities

[@SirManateee]

Grazie :)

[@daanwolters3751]

"right of self determination" yeah that only applies if it aligns with american/uk's interest.

[@triumphbobberbiker]

To be fair, it was the Italian troops that stopped the A-H onslaught along the Piave River in June 1918, the last major Hapsburg offensive of the great war. And in the end, obviously they won the war. So, Italy's effort in WWI was not that dismal failure this video would have us believe. Also for the sake of historical accuracy, the 'series of violence and retaliatory acts' - that is very briefly mentioned at 22:00 - was in fact an operation of deportation and assassination and against the Italian population in Istria/Carnaro, who by now were defenseless.

[@serebii666]

pointing out "plesbescite" as requested 😁

[@GAarcher]

*he said it twice, it eventually achieved comical value*

[@SirManateee]

I suppose I did ask for it

[@mnemonija]

The story ending is somewhat lacking. At the end of ww2 partisans liberate Fiume, and some italian residents fail to read the room, more than four years of genocides, terrible crimes etc., and decide it is the right moment to ask about another referendum. They end up summarily executed on the spot by the yugoslavian partisans. Then the ethnic cleansing of german and italian minirities ensues, since they are both blamed for the ww2 and collaboration with the occupying forces. This is perhaps the biggest blemish on the partisan movement during and after the war. I dont know specifics about italians from Fiume/Rijeka but i believe most germans were deported to germany after the ww2, even if they lived in yugoslavia for generations.

[@RyfkahChan]

Actually, Germans weren't deported. They left the country, because they were either afraid of revenge or if they stayed after the end of the war, because they became victims of revenge measures. Those who stayed in Yugoslavia were treated quite brutally for their collaboration with the fascists, with partisans carrying out extremely harsh collective punishments. However, they had to get themselves out of the country, state didn't do that for them, afaik.

[@kukuruzarija]

The biggest "blemish" as you say is the crimes and killings commited against Croat civilians and prisoners at the end and after the war (Bleiburg tragedy and Križni put)

[@bmalovic]

@@kukuruzarija Oh.. realy... Whell... let explain something to you... Those Croat "civilians", are in 99.9% Ustasha sodliers of the NDH. The worst state in the world that even SS troups and Gestapo are discused with crimes they comitted. In company, there are all other garbadge from YU WWII arena: Chetnics from all over Yugoslavia, Montenegrian national army, white guard of Sovenia, even Kosacs... etc.. And they are not prisoners. If Brits, French, Americans, Russians... get them.. they will be. But in teir own country, they are traitors. And any nation in the world treat colaborationists, and traitors during the war in only one way: death sentence. Ask Brits nad Americans if you do not beleve. Oh... I know... you will find a lot of clips that state that along with all those "soldiers" (actualuy traitors), are civilians. Only thing you will never find is how many of one or the other. Just in few glimps, you can catch that with 70.000 ustasha and domobrans, were about 2-3000 civilians (mostly families of them). Politics is always about not telling all the truth :) just one that is in your fawor. So.. cut of BS.

[@PeterKese]

Tony Judt in his book Postwar states that 700,000 ethnic Germans lived in Yugoslavia pre WWII. Most of them fled after the war. Many were killed.

[@bmalovic]

@@PeterKese bit high nuber, but ok. On the other hand, majority of them joined german formations durig the war. So called 'folksdojcer' troups. Of course they are fled. What woud yu do if you are a citisen of one state, and during war you joined enemy forces (no matter of nationality)? And what punishment you coluld expect for traitory?

[@NoName-hg6cc]

"All citizens would enjoy equal rights and no ethnicity would be discriminated" yeah, right, because nothing happened in Yugoslavia even before WW2 that makes you think that sentence is a lie...

[@mnd9166]

He wasn't out of the politics after the Fiume affair. He supported blackshirts but discredited Mussolini because D'Annunzio saw it as he was taking advantage of the things he did. If you give a good read to his political writings and diary you will see that he was a ardent corporatist and later a fascist. Also Mussolini did everything he could for D'Annunzio to not return to active political life, because he knew he would be very influential and/or could even turn the fascist council to his side. The Charter of Carnaro is literally the first fascist constution and Mussolini ended up copying everything, he obviously changed the economic council from being 9 professions to 12 and did not have some of more radical artistry influenced parts, but Mussolini was in the end also a radical Futurist. This is one of the many reasons why old ANI members who claimed to became fascists caused so many issues, because they still were conservatives they only adopted corporatism but lacked to adopt Futurism and Republican ideals. I hate Dino Grandi so much its unreal.

[@JulianSki]

I always knew there was an era of controversy in Fiume but I didn't know the details of it! Thank you for this video. 👍

[@marinmilevoj4829]

As a croatian I love that you are covering this, cause I honestly have no clue about history of Rijeka cause it's just so complicated. We always mention it as "ah yeah and then "X" tried to steal/managed to steal rijeka from us" and we are left not knowing what exactly happened.

[@anonymous-hz2un]

It's an italian land that was taken away post ww2 as punishment. Simple. The 1910 demographic census shows it had over 60% italian population vs only 19% croats.

[@emelgiefro]

@@anonymous-hz2un you didnt watch the video did you? and the census didnt ask bout the nationality it asked about what language people use in their daily life the most

[@anonymous-hz2un]

@@emelgiefro ah, yes, of course, but when discussing Dalmatia the census suddenly becomes 100% accurate. So balkan. 🤔

[@emelgiefro]

@@anonymous-hz2un same for istria also Costal towns were higher % italian but inland was slavic The reason italy lost lands is because it never invested in them to begin with. Colonies in the adriatic.

[@VoxHispania]

​@@anonymous-hz2unso Italian to fuck up in ww2 and lose all you gains from the last one

[@NLaev]

Living in Rijeka is a completely different experience than living anywhere else in Croatia. Nationalist sentiment is very low, most people consider themselves Croats but there are a lot of 2nd and 3rd generation immigrants from Bosnia and Albania as long as there still being a somewhat noticeable Italian minority. As a matter of fact the Rijeka radio station "HRT Rijeka" still do news coverage in Croatian AND Italian. It is still a hub for leftist ideas, being the only city in Croatia to hold parades for the Day of the Fight against Fascism, the large center-left party of Croatia has been ruling over Rijeka since Croatia gaining its independence after the Yugoslav wars, there being a lot of flyers plastered around the city, organizations promoting anti-capitalist sentiment and being the only city in Croatia to have a homeless shelter. It is also one of the few cities that has high approval ratings of the old socialist government. To reiterate, a lot of people will still specify their ethnicity, but most don't Identify with it. Rijeka is just too different from the Croatian country side and the other port towns around Croatia. I and most people I know would sooner relate to being a Resident of Rijeka than being a certain nationality. Its multicultural nature IS the culture of Rijeka. I am glad someone decided to make this video and I am always glad to learn more about my cities history 😁.

[@TB-pu9qm]

Dakle puno jugosa ispranih mozgova koji još nisu izabrali vlast osim one koja im je nametnuta 1945

[@the_zlatk0]

istra nema veze sa hrvatskom i to svi znaju, nije samo rijeka.

[@SilesaoCocc]

Thanks, that’s interesting

[@LittleBird787]

Sta onda ima veze s Hrvatskom ? Ako gledamo povijest nista nema posto smo dosli na podrucje danasnje Hr u 7.st sto je sekunda u cijelokupnoj povijesti covjecanstva .​@@the_zlatk0

[@JosipRadnik1]

Being an offspring of a swiss father and a yugoslav mother from the wooden hills of inner Serbia - Pula, Rijeka, Dubrovnik and the Dalmatian coast are the place of some of my best childhood memories. They will always have a special place in my heart that no politics will ever be able to contest.

[@DucaCremisi]

The video in itself was pretty complete, but I would have sopken more about the Italian(Dalmatians and Istriots) exodus, the conflict of the border between Italy and Iugoslavia, the various "acts" of partisan movement, in and right after WW2, that tried to cleanse the regions, especially Ustaše, Chetniks and Iugoslav Communist. In the last case important since autochthonous Italic and German people were persecuted or outright killed. (while cleansing in most of Iugoslavia unfortunately). The only "correction" is that most if not all Arditi, other than being shock troops, they were volunteers too, especially d'Annunzio. Which is important to look at, since it was one of the reasons of his and their(Arditi as a whole) charm and push. And during the Fascist period, Mussolini did his the best to ostracize d'Annunzio, because he feared his influence and knew he wasn't acceptative of his governement and fascism as a whole. Small fun-fact which is releated, d'Annunzio volunteered, Mussolini did always his best to escape draft, landing in prison multiple times.

[@anonymous-hz2un]

> serbs help croats to expulse the italians. > croats then explulse serbs during operation storm > oh, the irony

[@okon7464]

@@DucaCremisi Italians living in the Dalmatia and Istria ≠ Dalmatians and Istriots

[@eh___1449]

@@okon7464what are Dalmatians and Istriots then?

[@theevilmoppet]

​@@okon7464 Istriot and Dalmatian refer to the Italian-origin Romance languages and peoples of, respectively, Istria and Dalmatia. You are right in that they were not simply "Italians living in Dalmatia and Istria," but when the historical Italian minorities of Istria and Dalmatia are referred to, it is these groups that are most typically meant, not simply Italian immigrants. They were distinct Italian-origin ethnicities which spoke their own languages and had their own culture, but originated (with some Slavic influence, of course, given their geographic proximity) linguistically and culturally in Italy.

[@theevilmoppet]

I think you may be confusing Dalmatians and Istriots, unique Italian-ish ethnicities, with the general residents of Dalmatia and Istria. It's a reasonable misunderstanding, since "-ian" and "-iot" are two standard ways of turning a place name into a name for the people of that place, but Dalmatian and Istriot, at least in this context, refer specifically to those ethnicities and not to their majority-Croatian modern population.

[@victinity]

Babe wake up, new Manatee video dropped

[@garba88]

Very interesting, unbiased and informative. Thanks for your work!

[@WelcomeToDERPLAND]

I've known about Fiume and the dispute over it after ww1 for quite awhile, but never more than just mentions of it in games like vicky, or hearts of iron- its nice to finally have the full picture told to me in such a high quality video.

[@luquai]

Your videos are always a treat! Keep on going man :D

[@TheFunkMaestro]

Another excellent video! I had a thought the other day- perhaps you, with your extensive knowledge on Central Europe, might be able to do a video about the Sorbs, or something relating to them?

[@Pioneer_DE]

It is Albanian 🦅

[@jakubcerny6325]

🫡

[@Yksssy]

🇦🇱🇦🇱🇦🇱🇦🇱🇦🇱

[@MadBlackCat99]

The city of Zadar is Albanian. There is even a neighbourhood named after Albanians (Arbanasi), where they settled after fleeing from the Ottomans.

[@NorwegianBaron]

It’s Norwegian 🇳🇴

[@okon7464]

@@Pioneer_DE It's Macedonian 🇲🇰🇲🇰🇲🇰🇲🇰🇲🇰🇲🇰🇲🇰🇲🇰

[@blasius7704]

I always wondered what a coincidence that János Kádar who was the leader of Hungary for 30 yrs was born in Fiume in 1912 and was buried in the Fiume Road Graveyard in Budapest. Fiume definietly was a melting pot of cultures as Robert Orosdy/Bartini, the guy who created those strange ekranoplans / ground effect vehicles for the Soviet Union, descendant of jewish-hungarian parents was also born in Fiume and used an italianised version of his name.

[@miklosdavid7627]

Your comment interests me a lot, being a Hungarian man. Fiume was surely a melting pot and together with Opatija (Abbazia) they were most popular resorts as well. I just checked their population; Opatija's remained about the same after a hundred years or so, and Rijeka's population doubled by the 1990s then it fell significantly. My family took a long and rather slow train journey to Fiume (Rijeka) from Budapest a few years ago (before the COVID misery) and the return journey but never again. We loved the city of Fiume (Rijeka) and the most pleasant Opatija but arriving at and departing from the Rijeka railway station was quite a shock. The lack of passangers, the low number of trains and the average speed of those train journeys were quite sobering to say the least. Nevertheless we loved our holiday in the Croatian Islands further off from Rijeka but travelling there from Budapest (and possibly from most big cities in the region) was an awkward one, won't recommend it to anyone. It was interesting to see an old plaque at that station commemorating Ferenc Pfaff the Hungarian architect of that railway station which was opened in 1873. Pfaff desigened 13 more railway stations all over in old Hungary. Sadly those days of taking a cheerful and relaxed long train journey to a most beautiful holiday resort are almost over, most opt for the car and I can't blame them.

[@JmKrokY]

​@@miklosdavid7627Croatian trains are awful, well, the trains are modern and of good quality, but the train tracks that the train goes on are the same ones that were built by the Hungarians. We built a bunch of motorways and just simply neglected the railways network. We have the 14th best roads in the world, apparently.

[@joekaplowitz2719]

I lived in Rijeka for a while and I am proud to have done so. A beautiful city unlike any other. 😊

[@JmKrokY]

Indeed

[@WelcomeToDERPLAND]

That Constitution sounds pretty based to be honest, it's a shame they didn't retain it- I dont know why they didn't just accept the independent city state status & used their newly setup government as the groundwork- sounds like they were refusing what they wanted... strange.

[@Bleilock1]

Rijeka isnt really self sufficient and depends on the rest of the country to even function This is normal in balkans There is sich a thing as too small to succeed

[@parlyramyar]

İt sounds like woke garbage. Give women all the rights of men with none of the responsibilities. Muddy the lines of morality and tradition. And then make the family structure something alien and undesirable. Nothing based about it at all.

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

​@@parlyramyarthis analysis is very superficial. I suggest you read more about the "Carta del Carnaro" and revise your opinion and also try to contextualise the movement in it's historical period.

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

​@@parlyramyarmoreover, while men were the protagonists of the takeover of Fiume, women played a very important role.

[@LucioFrancavilla]

Excellent choice of music

[@Gabeslicor]

This was quite interesting. I'm sure glad there was never another dispute between Italy and Yugoslavia over a border city after a World War. Right guys? ....Right?

[@marcinmarszaek3813]

God, how I love that so many niche topics are given coverage! I hope to one day see a good video on the last days of Weimar Republic, namely the rule of Bruning and von Papen. But Weimar era in generall is a little underrepresented, to my personal dismay.

[@SirManateee]

It would be such a fascinating topic to talk about, especially because i just finished reading "Triumph der Gewalt" by Ralf Zerback, which deals with these crucial years between 1932 and 1934. Maybe I'll make it a series in the future

[@marcinmarszaek3813]

@@SirManateee Definetly! I think there are many lessons to be lerned from the era, and that it is a source of immense nubmer of weird stories, as all the 30-tes are.

[@themfwestcoast]

Good video as always. 4/5. Needs more Conrad Von Hötzendof tho...

[@Pomen]

Is that a redflood reference 😉

[@ricratos]

Fiume always giving me a hard time as Le Patron when they declare their futurist risorgimento when I least expect it.

[@ThePikminCaptain]

I was looking for the red flood comments

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

I had the pleasure of visiting this beautiful city. The traces of its Italian history can be seen everywhere around the city. The Corso is a great place with lots of historic buildings. Great buildings include the Palazzo Adria (10:46) on Piazza Adriatica, the Torre Civica (11:02), the Venetian villa, the city theater once named "Giuseppe Verdi", the Italian school and the old town with St. Vito's Cathedral. You can definitely also feel the Hungarian influence. It's a really pretty city with a great seaside view, where you can observe the islands of the Quarnaro, it almost looks like a lake sometimes. Unfortunately the surrounding green hills have been ruined by commie blocks, but what can you do? For the Fiume Crisis, I suggest the book "Disobbedisco" but it's only for Italian speakers unfortunately.

[@Bleilock1]

Rest was ruined by affordable housing you mean Anyone with any grain of brain will laugh at that statement

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

@@Bleilock1 there are pretty commie blocks and ugly ones. In my city there are lots of them that look good. In Fiume, those ones look awful and they look more like shtty towers than buildings. I don't mean to say they are bad, but if you build them wrong you can ruin an entire place.

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

​@@Bleilock1There are pretty ones and ugly ones. In Fiume they look awful. They look like towers that ruin the landscape. Where I live there are some, but they look good.

[@anonymous-hz2un]

​@@Bleilock1 "affordable housings" 😂😂 i understand that commie blocks are Croatia's only contribution to the city, but cmon...

[@royale7620]

​@@Bleilock1Anyone with a grain of brain would not be a leftoid boot licker like u. Back to reddit. " affordable housing " imagine living in those cheap mud huts made by alcholic workers. Humans need houses, not matchboxes, but thats a leftoodic brain for you

[@rozkaz661]

Never heard of this, insane story. Thanks for the video

[@stephenLarson-vs7fu]

Why in the world would the Italians think that England and France would ever keep their promises? They should have known better.

[@gggmmmxspace]

Well, You’re right but in this case more United States

[@stephenLarson-vs7fu]

@@gggmmmxspace The United States did not promise the Dalmatian coast to Italy. It was France and the U.K. which caved in to Wilson and broke their promise. Yes, Wilson´s arbitrarily applied self-determination was the reason, but, it was only applied when he felt like it.

[@gggmmmxspace]

@@stephenLarson-vs7fu Shortly… After some debates, at one point in history, England and France decided to that was the time to act and to seal the deal with Italy. USA, was agree after all and on the verge of countersign. It was a secret. But Russia… did a trick… revealing the documents. At this point, Uncle Sam said… No, no… I didn’t knew nothing! That’s it.

[@RIHItex]

Really interesting story. It's so fun to learn this way of the past.

[@Stapledonite]

Red Flood guy mentioned.

[@luksri3]

Thank you❤

[@giulianoilfilosofo7927]

Sorry but saying that Italian military performance in the Great War was less than ideal is ridicoulous, especially when compared with the collapse of Tsarist Russia in the East and the 4 years of humiliations the Anglo French forces managed to collect on the Western Front in spite of holding numerical superiority over the German Forces and receiving substantial American support by the end, unlike Italy.

[@giulianoilfilosofo7927]

@WSINH They were fighting Germany on 2 fronts and Italy supplied divisions also to the Western Front and Fought 150000 Germans at Caporetto and in the First Battle of the Piave River, where they were defeated. So what? What the fuck are you even trying to Say ahahahahah

[@Bolognabeef]

​@WSINHyeah we were losing so bad that we annihilated the Austrian army at Vittorio Veneto and occupied all the way to Innsbruck, while the allies didn't even step an inch into Germany. Italy was the only country to occupy enemy territory by the end of the war, and its only major losses came when the Germans sent 150k soldiers to help Austria and still couldn't push into any Italian city...

[@NoName-hg6cc]

@WSINH Dude, Germany couldn't beat Russians, RUSSIANS...it had to wait for Russia to collapse

[@NoName-hg6cc]

@WSINH Dude, Germany couldn't beat Russians peasants, are you serious?

[@NoName-hg6cc]

@WSINH Germany couldn't beat Russia even if helped by AH and Bulgaria

[@BkennyP]

Great video as always bro! Idk why I wasn't subscribed

[@petardragicevic1486]

Do a video about the 1920 Carinthian plebiscite

[@larsrons7937]

Thank you for an informative video well presented.

[@F4aXxZ]

created the most progressive government to it's date. Also kinda responsible for Fascism. What a person.

[@youngyoughurt]

Talking about Fiume (a city named after a river of fiume) while Vltava (Moldau) plays in the background LMAO

[@SRW_]

This guys voice reminds me of smethels from titanic adventure out of time

[@Svarog0815]

I am from that area and i can say this was very interesting. They dont teach you that. Croatians think it was always ours. The italian origins of whole dalmatia doesnt get spoken out loud because of nationalism. Reviewing the last 100years Croatia came out very good considering they sided always with the wrong side ( eg. Nazi Germany ). History is a bi###

[@JmKrokY]

No? Western region of Croatia is not nationalistic at all. The people from the area are also well aware of the history of the region.

[@Svarog0815]

@@JmKrokY the whole history or just parts? idk men, a big part of my family and ppl who live there would make change your opinion. They are very very hard to accept if you are open minded. Saying there is no nationalism problem is simply wrong... The fact its tourism heavy doesnt change that. You just have to start the right conversations to unmask this problem.

[@LuciKaede]

this history is definitely taught in schools, even in elementary. nobody denounces italian rule or influence, but i would say that origins is a little bit overboard since croats always lived in Istra, Kvarner and Dalmacija. and a lot of those area's were forcefully italianized, even in the last century

[@That_GuyYouTube]

You should do a video on the fascist leaders that were from Austria-Hungary. Adolf Hitler 🇩🇪, Ante Pavelić 🇭🇷 (Džafer Kulenović for 🇧🇦as vice president of the NDH), Jozef Tiso 🇸🇰, Ferenc Szálasi 🇭🇺, Stepan Bandera 🇺🇦, Ernest Peterlin 🇸🇮, Radola Gajda 🇨🇿, Horia Sima 🇷🇴. All were born in the same country, and all wanted a “Greater X country” which often conflicted with each others nationalism. While not born, these leaders were often active politically and militarily in the former Austria-Hungary, Milan Nedić and Draža Mihailović 🇷🇸.

[@curseditem8354]

ernest peterlin wasn't the main commander, leon rupnik was

[@That_GuyYouTube]

@@curseditem8354 true, but I don’t think Slovenia even had a mainstream fascist movement or party. Axis collaboration doesn’t inherently mean fascists anyway. Hitler’s Nazi Party, Pavelić’s Ustaše, Tiso’s Hlinka Party, Sima’s Iron Guard, Szálasi’s Arrow Cross Party, Bandera’s Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists, Gajda’s National Fascist Community, etc all were things before world war 2 even started. They all were the most nationalist or fascist from any political organization in their communities, and had influence in governments or trying to create governments. All were active in fighting in the wars too. What was the Slovene equivalent of this? Because Milan Stojadinović’s Yugoslav Radical Union and Dimitrije Ljotić’s Yugoslav National Movements were Yugoslav fascist parties, but weren’t Serb nationalism or Serb fascism, even if those organizations were ran by Serbs. Serbs had the Chetniks basically for themselves.

[@curseditem8354]

@@That_GuyKZbin i agree with what you said, but in terms of commanding the slovenian collaboration, at least on paper, rupnik had a higher higher rank while in the end peterlin got sent to dachau

[@branimirkolarov3493]

​@@That_GuyKZbin Yugoslav radical union wasn't a fascist movement, but a conservative one.

[@serebii666]

@@That_GuyKZbin "and had influence in governments or trying to create governments. All were active in fighting in the wars too." Idk about the others but this doesn't apply much to Gajda’s National Fascist Community. It was pretty ineffectual and had basically no popularity during it's existence, even at it's height receiving only 2% of the vote in 1935. It is perhaps comparable to Ljotić's Yugoslav National Movement, which was similarly unpopular and inconsequential. It had no tangible influence up to 1938, and beyond. And post-Munich, Gajda was forced out of politics totally and the party itself collapsed, unable to mobilize any support even as German authorities were setting up collaborationist parties and canvasing from the far-right.

[@Burninhellscrootoob]

Italy got screwed by the allies in ww1 having been on their side, so they sided against them in ww2, and got screwed again...so they gave up and joined the allies again, and again got screwed, then got screwed by the west in the cold war like this tragedy....i tell ya, if the tripartite alliance ever comes back, its gonna be vendetta supremo

[@gggmmmxspace]

What? 😂… do you know what happened in the Triplice? Look at Britain… Italy was ready with an armistice and convinced also France… the Britain came to and with their secret service (Mussolini was a agent) paid all for Propaganda. Respect for all the Soldiers…

[@DensApri]

This is what you get for being weak and trying to act tough. About the points you made, WWI was basically a fourth war of independence with very little significance in the big picture of the European war, the Russians did far more to destroy the Austrians than the Italian army ever could achieve for example. Not to disregard the heroism and suffering of the soldiers in the cruel alpine war, but these are the facts so Italy should have been content with south Tyrol and Istria really. About the cold war, Italy reached a level of prosperity never seen before and such as many didn't even think possible for the nation so I struggle really hard to say that we got screwed lol. Entering in the American sphere of influence has been by far the best deal we got in the short and rough history since the unification

[@ekesandras1481]

Italy got all ethnically Italian majority regions and even more. Everthing else were imperialistic claims without substance.

[@gggmmmxspace]

@@ekesandras1481 that’s superficial point of view… at the same level of other countries that claimed or invaded lands without a reason… anyway

[@Boretheory]

@@ekesandras1481oh yeah because Corsica isn’t a fucking thing am i right?

[@tripleh327]

Ti be fair Italy did fairly well in ww1 having to confront in a single front largely by herself most of the might of Austria Hungary Italy also managed to stop Austria after Caporetto disaster in the Piave line and didn’t capitulate Also it has some truth that French and England didn’t respect their own promises done to Italy before the war while they largely gobbled up and divided between themselves German colonies Their behavioir led also to problems with Japan that like Italy felt being treated unfairly and like second class powers by French and uk governments This is no justification But many of the root of ww2 can be directly traced back to the decisions of France and uk at the peace table The radicalization of Italy for their betrayal of the secret treaty Japan turn into ultra militaristic and nationalist power The complete humiliation of Germany with the reparations that directly lead to the seeds of the Nazis rise Uk and France behaved like they were still enforcing napoleonic era treaties and division of the world based around their respective imperial powers interest and didn’t realized that created the same monster that would plunge the world in a second more destructive world war

[@VoxHispania]

The hell you mean italy did well? When austria was occupied in two other fronts and was in a worse position the Italians failed to exploit and did astonishingly awful

[@NovaSoldier]

​@@VoxHispaniahow so? Italy had the same gains the other western powers had in the western fron with the difference that italy had to break trought fortified positions in mountains with 3k m of dilevel while the allies had to go throught plains and small hills

[@tripleh327]

@@VoxHispania germany was occupied in 2 fronts and yet france did not managed to held the line without belgian and uk help at first and later also american italy did a fine job for 2 years with results comparable to the western front allies conssidering also that austria hungary was on the defensive foot in that period and that terrain configuration (the alps and the rivers of friuli region) and the defensive position it held for 1915/1916 made very easy for austria hungary to held the line italian forces launched several major offensive pushes but had no better luck than what france and germany were experiencing on the western front machine gun and trenches bogged the entire frontline making large scale assoult essentially useless caporetto was a disaster and yet italy managed to reform a frontline on the piave line and ultimately win his front against austria hungary the italian army bogged down the most of the weight of austria hungary blokcking them on the italian front and avoaiding their redlepoyment alongside the germans on the western front especially after the dissolution of the eastern front italy did a pretty decent job and put on the line milions of dead and wounded on the altar of victory against the central powers it could have done better? surely. but all considering it did a prett good job and was a huge part of the wiining effort of the allies

[@MarioSchlemmer-s5k]

Most of the might of Austria-Hungary was bound on the Russian front, where it played a larger role than Germany. Only regarding media attention and passion was Austria-Hungary more focused on the Italian front. But I agree partially, Italies performance gets unfairly badmouthed, just like that of Austria-Hungary. In reality it was the Germans, Frenchmen, Russians and the British Empire that didn`t achieve half as much as they should have if their inflated self-perception had correspondet with reality.

[@tripleh327]

@@MarioSchlemmer-s5k after Russian collapse Italy bogged down most of the weight of the Austria Hungary armies And they held the line Without the Italian front Austria would have been able to immediately redeploy alongside the Germans nearly doubling their numbers Given the fact that the western front was on a precarious equilibrium the sudden arrival of Austria Hungary could very well have the same effect of what the Americans But your comment is otherwise very on point

[@dIRECTOR259]

Is coast? Is Croatia. Glory to the Holy Crotian Hydrophilic Empire

[@Staniele]

As a Slovenian, who knows, nothing about the city and hasn’t been to it I can tell you 100%, it’s New Zealand

[@beppogiglio]

congratulations, outstanding... but still there are mistakes. For example, the claim that Andrea Ossoinac was at the head of the movement for independence.The leader of the autonomist party was Riccardo Zanella. Ossoinac advocated joining Italy, in fact, at a meeting with President of the USA Wilson, he submitted an economic plan and reasons for joining Italy. The Americans rejected it. anyway, congrats for effort.

[@somerandomdudeontheinterne6520]

About the name, the rivers name (Riječina) just means Big river

[@JmKrokY]

The name is kinda lying 🤔

[@barsukascool]

3:26 they fought in the ALPS

[@user-xn5jv3xq1m]

Rijeka is croatian 🇭🇷

[@chilloutcentral2097]

I remember studying the Fiume crisis at university. Very interesting. The Fiume crisis was arguably the beginning of the rise of the fascist movement.

[@gggmmmxspace]

A chaos, but with a diverse connotation… It was a different kind Fascism that later evolved in its own standard form

[@griff2162]

there we gooo, I can finally sleep

[@alexandartheserb7861]

Geographical border between Apennine and Balkan peninsula is between Trieste and Venice. From other side, Italy made real trouble to Serbs interfering without reason in Albania and later Kosovo. Said that Chrisitian state supported muslims against christians. Also its not clear why Serbs participated in this when they get 0% of land disputed by Croat, Slovenes and Italy.

[@wan1edguy382]

tbh fuime should have been a condominiom

[@premiumquality3994]

Actually italian council was right years later italians will be cleared from Rijeka

[@DamonNomad82]

Oh, that second letter is an "i", not an "l". I had long been under the mistaken impression that the city's Italian name was "Flume", like a log flume ride at an amusement park. Oops!

[@JmKrokY]

Well, the Latin name was Flumen.

[@HicHicpa]

saying serbo-croat in the context of 1910s is completely wrong. the language was purely croatian, unmistakenably so due to the dialect spoken in the region. in todays context however, you could argue serbo-croat is spoken there.

[@ImaniMann-k4l]

very good

[@M-tl4xt]

The word is plebiscite (pronounced plebisite), not plesbiside. That sounds like a lesbian beach party.

[@drumshero03]

I love this channel

[@fourscoresplat]

red flood moment

[@cdcdrr]

D'Anunzio sounds like he's straddling a fine line between nationalist rabble rousers and radical progressive. Image what could have been if he had been to one to march on Rome, instead of that yutz Mussolini.

[@sodadrinker89]

He would be lynched instead of Mussolini by Italian partisans.

[@autismobinch135]

17:38 why wouldn’t music be a religious and social institution? People use music in church? Music is important it connects us?

[@jurgnobs1308]

you say "plesbiscide" multiple times in this video. there is no "s" before the b. it's plebiscide. you even intonnate that "s" specifially lol it also isn't there in german, the german word is Plebiszit

[@julesb.-w.4553]

Bringing in reasons of "self-determination" of peoples is rather laughable when one thinks of south tyrol.

[@NoName-hg6cc]

Or Dalmatia....Majority of Italians

[@nosferatus777]

@HFNloser poor stupid ignorant food! all your Slavic brothers here in Italy are gypsy thieves and scammers! you are also racist, come to northern Italy and we will teach you education.

[@Bolognabeef]

I mean the Italians virtually destroyed the Austrian army at Vittorio Veneto and occupied all the way to Innsbruck. There wasn't much the Austrian could do about it 🤷‍♂️

[@konplayz]

⁠​⁠@@Bolognabeef”The Soviets destroyed the German armies at Berlin and occupied all the way to Erfurt” Does that mean they should have annexed East Germany into the USSR, with no legal claim or minority interests to protect whatsoever?

[@giulianoilfilosofo7927]

@@konplayz Yes

[@milansimonovic8267]

It is not true that woman didn't have the right to vote in Yugoslavia.

[@zgemboadislic9350]

??

[@milansimonovic8267]

​@@zgemboadislic9350 after the Great war following Wilsons doctrin of self determenation in Serb majorty arias woman were given the right to vote and only Tito a Croat took it away from everyone. And Serbian society is is matriarchal. So woman had more influence in society than woman in West, ever had. Find out who Dimitrije Davidović was and what he wrote.

[@stefano8936]

yeah let's listen to sir the british teaching everyone how to not "grab" land (which has always been under Venice, btw)

[@nivbarshem2674]

Red Flood

[@av7987]

On Black shit

[@dasaggropop1244]

"finally italy layed siege to the city to enforce to accept its indepence" well, thats a new one...

[@technoartur_]

nice!

[@edwardrichardson8254]

The world's foremost authority on fascism, Stanley Payne, puts little to no emphasis on D’Annunzio and regards Lenin as the first Duce. Lenin showed everyone how it's done. He will reject a nation-wide plebiscite in Russia in which everyone was allowed to vote, women, peasants,, everyone... that utterly rejected Lenin and the Bolsheviks (they got less a % than Hitler did in his only election vs Hindenburg). Lenin's militia is his Latvian Riflemen who deliver him a coup (aka the October "Revolution") while the regular army is away (same as D’Annunzio), he will decriminalize homosexuality and let the avant-garde run wild (but not for the same reasons as D'Annunzio. Lenin is said to have told Gorky he despised them but "we must embrace it because it destroys"). Lenin will set up the CHEKA after 44 million Russians reject him on November 25, 1917 in the nations one and only free election, he will institute the gulag system, and create the first Terror and one-party state with a cult-of-personality leader.

[@TB-pu9qm]

What is fiume?

[@gggmmmxspace]

?

[@alexsocial9525]

Btw Gabriele D'Annunzio was a legend, no questions asked

[@imeantherearethedarktownsy5210]

He was a fascist freak who led thousands of young men to pointless deaths. Shame on you, childish fool

[@gggmmmxspace]

@@imeantherearethedarktownsy5210not really fascist… more a provoker, revolutionary… not really a politician… he was used by Mussolini and he in the end he was against him…

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

​@@imeantherearethedarktownsy5210Fascism has very little in common with D'annunzio. Perhaps only the Irredentist tendencies and that's basically it. Fascism and the ideology of Fiume have nothing in common. One was "The state is everything", the other was a very free society with a very advanced constitution with ample social liberties and a very different economic model which aimed to bridge the gap between the distant governors and the common people.

[@fiorino4554]

An italian city in hungary ruled by germans and now part of croatia? Sounds fun

[@AndreaMoletta-s3c]

Welcome to the Balkans.

[@scalfer]

Yes. And actually it was Slovenian city. They tried hard to erase the Slovenians. The oldest nation...

[@fiorino4554]

@@scalfer ....wat?

[@JohnSinatra88]

It's rightful Spanish land 🇪🇸🇪🇸🇪🇸

[@Huge_M]

Dang i thought fiume was a nathion in a red flood not an accthual state

[@mlovecraftr]

The episode of Behind The Bastards about D'Annunzio is great

[@minhthunguyendang9900]

Sir Manatee, Can you make a video about the Cabinda exclave, a kind of Kuwait of West Africa between Congo 🇨🇬 & Angola 🇦🇴 ? Thank you !

[@CuddlesEnjoyer]

I love you lil slimey boy

[@ThePikminCaptain]

Fiume OMG IS THAT AN AGE OF IMPERIALISM AND RED FLOOD REFERECE

[@patricksmodels]

I don't agree with description of Italy's military performance as being less than ideal. You should read more about the war on the Italian front, about the fierce Italian resistance against the Austro-Hungarian Strefexpedition on the Trentino front in 1916, on the terribile battles on the Isonzo, the conquest of Gorozia, the resistance on the Piave and Monte Grappa after the retreat from Caporetto in 1917.

[@AdolphusEudora]

When one general keeps ordering 10 battles be fought in the same river and calls those who oppose to those plans are unpatriotic cowards, we can say yes, Italy's military performance is less than ideal...

[@patricksmodels]

@@AdolphusEudora General Cadorna was replaced after Caporetto. And it was General Cadorna who had prepared the defensive line of Mount Grappa and the Piave in the event of an Austrian breakthrough on the Isonzo front. He was no saint, but we cannot describe the performance of the Italian army as unsatisfactory on the whole. From the point of view of logistics they were very advanced, the Alpine front was a very complicated terrain.

[@NoName-hg6cc]

@@AdolphusEudora So, Entente and Germany performance were less than ideals too (200 battles near the border for Entente, as much battles in the East for the Germans against the Russians. The Russians, who barely could stand)

[@Flo-gb1fk]

Austrian of course

[@Zapata-Cuahtemoc]

Its lightning in a bottle

[@masterofallthelakesintown2472]

Ist Fiumeian!

[@RicoBanani]

Cool

[@mueezadam8438]

11:24 my favourite genre of political ‘cartoons’ is blatant fantasy fulfillment 😂

[@esotericulmanist8331]

Fiume is Lithuanian

[@gggmmmxspace]

Australian

[@jhonnydiamond]

Mexican

[@Staniele]

Preach 😤😤