The Dispute over Fiume after WW1

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The multicultural city of Fiume sparked a series of national conflicts soon after the disintegration of the Habsburg Empire. Italian nationalists claimed it as a natural part of Italy, while the Yugoslavs wanted it for themselves. Fiume itself remained highly divided on this question, until Gabriele D’Annunzio marched in with his legionnaires and proclaimed the annexation to Italy. When the Italian government refused to accept that offer, D’Annunzio instead proclaimed his own state, the Regency of Carnaro. In this episode, we will learn everything about the history surrounding Fiume in the first postwar years, dissect the nature behind D’Annunzio and his aspirations and discuss what affect his adventure had on Italian fascism as a whole.
Sources:
- Kenedi, Géza & Gerlai, Wilhelm: Nach und durch Ungarn 5. Bändchen, Von der Donau zum Quarnero. Fünfkirchen, Agram und die Zagorje, Fiume und das Küstenland, Zürich 1890.
Literature:
- Cattaruzza, Marina: Italy and its Eastern Border 1866-2016, New York & London 2017.
- Fried, Ilona: »Out to Sea, Hungarians!« History, Myth, Memories. Fiume 1868-1945, in: Spiegelungen. Zeitschrift für deutsche Kultur und Geschichte Südosteuropas (2020), Nr. 1, pp. 99-109.
- Ledeen, Michael A.: The first Duce. D'Annunzio at Fiume, Baltimore 1977.
- MacMillan, Margaret: Die Friedensmacher. Wie der Versailler Vertrag die Welt veränderte, Berlin 2015.
- Marcuzzi, Stefano: London, Treaty of (1915), in: International Encyclopedia of the First World War, encyclopedia.1914-1918-online... (accessed on 26.06.2024).
- Payne, Stanley G.: A history of fascism 1914 - 1945, Madison 1995.
- Reill, Dominique Kirchner: The Fiume crisis. Life in the wake of the Habsburg Empire, Cambridge & London 2020.
- Vogel-Walter, Bettina: D'Annunzio - Abenteurer und charismatischer Führer. Propaganda und religiöser Nationalismus in Italien von 1914 bis 1921, Berlin et al. 2004.
Chapters:
0:00 Fiume in the Habsburg Empire
3:03 Italy and the Treaty of Versailles
07:26 The Fiume Question arises
12:16 Gabriele D’Annunzio marches into the City
16:18 The Regency of Carnaro
20:07 The End
22:04 Impact on Mussolini and Fascism
23:56 Outro

[@SacredHeartEnjoyer]

I bet they were Fiuming 😤 🇮🇹

[@GAarcher]

*Plesbiciting is so cool, I wished I was a Fiuman to be able to plesbicite twice*

[@Arpitan_Carpenter]

W name

[@The_whales]

Ah yea, rivering

[@salvadorromero9712]

I am absolutely loving Fiume's head Italian ethnonationalist being a guy with a Croatian name. You see this all the time in places like this, like Belgium, and it will never not be awesome.

[@andrewselvo7878]

I have a friend that bets if an explicit White Nationalist ever comes to power in the US, his surname will be “Velazquez” lol

[@jackyex]

It's fascinating, isn't? I love cases like that.

[@okon7464]

@@salvadorromero9712 Wait till you get to know that 2 of main men in czech national awakening didn't have czech language as the native and one of em didn't speak it at all

[@timschmidt4067]

@@okon7464 do you mean dobrovsky and jungmann

[@rafanadir6958]

​@@okon7464 what language did they have as a mother language and what did they speak?

[@anthonybird546]

I like that they had a Department of No Fucking Ugly Buildings

[@michaelstora70]

Itally invading a city to force them to stop claiming to be Itallian is kind of like the Social Wars of ancient Rome.

[@Pioneer_DE]

It is Albanian 🦅

[@jakubcerny6325]

🫡

[@dragondefeu9837]

🇦🇱🇦🇱🇦🇱🇦🇱🇦🇱

[@MadBlackCat99]

The city of Zadar is Albanian. There is even a neighbourhood named after Albanians (Arbanasi), where they settled after fleeing from the Ottomans.

[@NorwegianBaron]

It’s Norwegian 🇳🇴

[@okon7464]

@@Pioneer_DE It's Macedonian 🇲🇰🇲🇰🇲🇰🇲🇰🇲🇰🇲🇰🇲🇰🇲🇰

[@funghi2606]

To be clear D’Annunzio is still study in Italian literature classes today, he is a big deal still

[@charleynilsson5543]

I really appreciate your channel for covering more niche and unknown history like this.

[@casteddu6740]

As if this story wasn't crazy enough, among the volunteers who followed d'Annunzio there was also a Japanese warrior poet, Harukichi Shimoi, who got the nickname "the Samurai of Fiume" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harukichi_Shimoi

[@sephikong8323]

Thank you for bringing him up. Also, the man was a very ardent believer in Italian fascism and wanted to export it to his home country. He was genuinely one of the most interesting figures of the time

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

Yep, the Impresa di Fiume is a very underrated piece of history.

[@tancreddehauteville764]

Amazing how hypocritical the allies were.

[@Helania12]

They are what they are. The problem of Woodrow Wilson was that he had a savior complex and he was at least somewhat racist even for the time so only certain people that were seen as somewhat civilised have the right to self determination. So you have a pretty good Idea like the self determination of peoples only being done when it doesn’t negatively effect the Allies (the western Allies like France, UK and the USA) since the Allies control a lot of people that were seen an unable to rule their own nation.

[@anonymous-hz2un]

​@@Helania12 the US had no control over the post war boundries in Europe. That was all France and to a much lesser extend Britain, who was more concerned with the collonies. Go hate America somewhere else.

[@herbertschulz4313]

Self determination for all people exept for: austrians, the people in south tyrol and the polish corridor, and all the people in the colonies of european people

[@anonymous-hz2un]

@@herbertschulz4313 and hungarians. And bulgarians. Annd armenians. And greeks in Turkey. Etc etc...

[@King_Minos64]

⁠​⁠@@Helania12Self determination was just a good excuse for France and Britain to weaken their rivals and satisfy their national interests. Not that I am saying that it didn’t do good things, giving suppressed peoples the ability to make decisions about their communities, but the thinking wasn’t all that pure. Just outright saying they wanted to dismantle and neuter the Austrian Empire and German Kaiserreich so they would never be threats again wouldn’t look good, it had to have for a “moral” reason. Thus it was all made to be about the repressed ethnic groups until it didn’t suit their interests like in Tyrol.

[@serebii666]

pointing out "plesbescite" as requested 😁

[@GAarcher]

*he said it twice, it eventually achieved comical value*

[@SirManateee]

I suppose I did ask for it

[@Shantari]

The Aedile thing sounds like it was just a "well the Romans had Aediles, so we should too" kind of thing.

[@DonPedroman]

A visitor came to my house this afternoon and we briefly talked about Fiume when talking, what a wonderful coincidence.

[@piotrcarafa7993]

The video in itself was pretty complete, but I would have sopken more about the Italian(Dalmatians and Istriots) exodus, the conflict of the border between Italy and Iugoslavia, the various "acts" of partisan movement, in and right after WW2, that tried to cleanse the regions, especially Ustaše, Chetniks and Iugoslav Communist. In the last case important since autochthonous Italic and German people were persecuted or outright killed. (while cleansing in most of Iugoslavia unfortunately). The only "correction" is that most if not all Arditi, other than being shock troops, they were volunteers too, especially d'Annunzio. Which is important to look at, since it was one of the reasons of his and their(Arditi as a whole) charm and push. And during the Fascist period, Mussolini did his the best to ostracize d'Annunzio, because he feared his influence and knew he wasn't acceptative of his governement and fascism as a whole. Small fun-fact which is releated, d'Annunzio volunteered, Mussolini did always his best to escape draft, landing in prison multiple times.

[@anonymous-hz2un]

> serbs help croats to expulse the italians. > croats then explulse serbs during operation storm > oh, the irony

[@okon7464]

@@piotrcarafa7993 Italians living in the Dalmatia and Istria ≠ Dalmatians and Istriots

[@eh___1449]

@@okon7464what are Dalmatians and Istriots then?

[@addisonbaker8211]

​@@okon7464 Istriot and Dalmatian refer to the Italian-origin Romance languages and peoples of, respectively, Istria and Dalmatia. You are right in that they were not simply "Italians living in Dalmatia and Istria," but when the historical Italian minorities of Istria and Dalmatia are referred to, it is these groups that are most typically meant, not simply Italian immigrants. They were distinct Italian-origin ethnicities which spoke their own languages and had their own culture, but originated (with some Slavic influence, of course, given their geographic proximity) linguistically and culturally in Italy.

[@addisonbaker8211]

I think you may be confusing Dalmatians and Istriots, unique Italian-ish ethnicities, with the general residents of Dalmatia and Istria. It's a reasonable misunderstanding, since "-ian" and "-iot" are two standard ways of turning a place name into a name for the people of that place, but Dalmatian and Istriot, at least in this context, refer specifically to those ethnicities and not to their majority-Croatian modern population.

[@matteomatteo7563]

I’m italian and i just want to thank you for giving an unbiased perspective on the topic. One tidbit i’d like to add is that after invading Yugoslavia during WWII Italy annexed Fiume and parts of Dalmatia.

[@gggmmmxspace]

Non dirlo…

[@Luxnutz1]

The clarification of Gabriele D'Annunzio role at that time by Sir Manatee is clarified. Visiting Rijeka and Trieste and only being told about the post WW2 Chaos in Trieste makes sense about the area. Absolutely fantastic broadcast as usual. I hope there is a Broadcast about Emperor Maximilian and the KüK Kriegsmarine in the future. More interesting aspects of that area

[@Gennaropacchiano]

Watching the video rn, but I just wanted to say that your pronunciation of Italian names is excellent

[@valentinbezdan570]

He does a good job with various Slavic languages too. It's a breath of fresh air from the butchery that a lot of English content has.

[@crazymangoz9583]

@@valentinbezdan570 Same with the German and usually French too. I love his effort to accurately represent all the different nationalities

[@SirManateee]

Grazie :)

[@salvadorromero9712]

Oh I was _just_ thinking about the Fiume crisis and hoping one of my favorite history KZbinrs would do something on it! (Well I guess this will do instead. Haha just playing! Thank you for this fun video.)

[@marinmilevoj4829]

As a croatian I love that you are covering this, cause I honestly have no clue about history of Rijeka cause it's just so complicated. We always mention it as "ah yeah and then "X" tried to steal/managed to steal rijeka from us" and we are left not knowing what exactly happened.

[@anonymous-hz2un]

It's an italian land that was taken away post ww2 as punishment. Simple. The 1910 demographic census shows it had over 60% italian population vs only 19% croats.

[@emelgiefro]

@@anonymous-hz2un you didnt watch the video did you? and the census didnt ask bout the nationality it asked about what language people use in their daily life the most

[@anonymous-hz2un]

@@emelgiefro ah, yes, of course, but when discussing Dalmatia the census suddenly becomes 100% accurate. So balkan. 🤔

[@emelgiefro]

@@anonymous-hz2un same for istria also Costal towns were higher % italian but inland was slavic The reason italy lost lands is because it never invested in them to begin with. Colonies in the adriatic.

[@elemperadordemexico]

​@@anonymous-hz2unso Italian to fuck up in ww2 and lose all you gains from the last one

[@JulianSki]

I always knew there was an era of controversy in Fiume but I didn't know the details of it! Thank you for this video. 👍

[@victinity]

Babe wake up, new Manatee video dropped

[@luquai]

Your videos are always a treat! Keep on going man :D

[@Wn9618]

Every time I’m convinced there’s no way you could possibly produce another amazing video analysing undervalued old-world or Belle Epoque phenomena you prove me wrong yet again HE CAN’T KEEP GETTING AWAY WITH THIS

[@countravicchio1050]

Totally agree, except I think he can get away with it a few more times

[@Wn9618]

@@countravicchio1050 without a doubt, we’re blessed

[@countravicchio1050]

@Wn9618 as an American who has no frame for the period, that is what I find interesting about his content, all the time he puts into setting up the period and place the event/crisis happened

[@user-or5kd7lm2d]

Excellent choice of music

[@rozkaz661]

Never heard of this, insane story. Thanks for the video

[@TheFunkMaestro]

Another excellent video! I had a thought the other day- perhaps you, with your extensive knowledge on Central Europe, might be able to do a video about the Sorbs, or something relating to them?

[@BkennyP]

Great video as always bro! Idk why I wasn't subscribed

[@DaveMorgansghost]

Italy got screwed by the allies in ww1 having been on their side, so they sided against them in ww2, and got screwed again...so they gave up and joined the allies again, and again got screwed, then got screwed by the west in the cold war like this tragedy....i tell ya, if the tripartite alliance ever comes back, its gonna be vendetta supremo

[@gggmmmxspace]

What? 😂… do you know what happened in the Triplice? Look at Britain… Italy was ready with an armistice and convinced also France… the Britain came to and with their secret service (Mussolini was a agent) paid all for Propaganda. Respect for all the Soldiers…

[@themfwestcoast]

Good video as always. 4/5. Needs more Conrad Von Hötzendof tho...

[@ImaniMann-k4l]

very good

[@WelcomeToDERPLAND]

I've known about Fiume and the dispute over it after ww1 for quite awhile, but never more than just mentions of it in games like vicky, or hearts of iron- its nice to finally have the full picture told to me in such a high quality video.

[@RIHItex]

Really interesting story. It's so fun to learn this way of the past.

[@Pomen]

Is that a redflood reference 😉

[@ricratos]

Fiume always giving me a hard time as Le Patron when they declare their futurist risorgimento when I least expect it.

[@technoartur_]

nice!

[@-Teca-]

It really sucks how this place used to be such a gorgeous city with people from everywhere

[@SRW_]

This guys voice reminds me of smethels from titanic adventure out of time

[@Matt-ni8jh]

Ritorneremo

[@marcinmarszaek3813]

God, how I love that so many niche topics are given coverage! I hope to one day see a good video on the last days of Weimar Republic, namely the rule of Bruning and von Papen. But Weimar era in generall is a little underrepresented, to my personal dismay.

[@SirManateee]

It would be such a fascinating topic to talk about, especially because i just finished reading "Triumph der Gewalt" by Ralf Zerback, which deals with these crucial years between 1932 and 1934. Maybe I'll make it a series in the future

[@marcinmarszaek3813]

@@SirManateee Definetly! I think there are many lessons to be lerned from the era, and that it is a source of immense nubmer of weird stories, as all the 30-tes are.

[@barsukascool]

3:26 they fought in the ALPS

[@griff2162]

there we gooo, I can finally sleep

[@WelcomeToDERPLAND]

That Constitution sounds pretty based to be honest, it's a shame they didn't retain it- I dont know why they didn't just accept the independent city state status & used their newly setup government as the groundwork- sounds like they were refusing what they wanted... strange.

[@Bleilock1]

Rijeka isnt really self sufficient and depends on the rest of the country to even function This is normal in balkans There is sich a thing as too small to succeed

[@parlyramyar]

İt sounds like woke garbage. Give women all the rights of men with none of the responsibilities. Muddy the lines of morality and tradition. And then make the family structure something alien and undesirable. Nothing based about it at all.

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

​@@parlyramyarthis analysis is very superficial. I suggest you read more about the "Carta del Carnaro" and revise your opinion and also try to contextualise the movement in it's historical period.

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

​@@parlyramyarmoreover, while men were the protagonists of the takeover of Fiume, women played a very important role.

[@youngyoughurt]

Talking about Fiume (a city named after a river of fiume) while Vltava (Moldau) plays in the background LMAO

[@user-ef8ol7nx9u]

Fiume is Hungarian. -Me, someone from the Papal States.

[@gggmmmxspace]

Fiume is of the World

[@petardragicevic1486]

Do a video about the 1920 Carinthian plebiscite

[@nivbarshem2674]

Red Flood

[@JohnSinatra88]

It's rightful Spanish land 🇪🇸🇪🇸🇪🇸

[@Hongaars1969]

Great video. Good detail. One observation…at that stage, Yugoslavia did not exist. It was definitely the kingdom of Croats, Serbs and Slovenes (whatever the order was)

[@SirManateee]

You're right! But it was already colloquially known as Yugoslavia even before the country officially adopted that name in the 1920s. And repeatedly saying „Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes" is bound to make you go mental.

[@Hongaars1969]

@@SirManateee I’d meant to say how tedious it would have been to repeatedly say “kingdom of…”. I’m certain I’ve not seen as in depth an analysis of the the Fiume dispute as you have presented. Look forward to when you do a follow up on a similar issue following Fiume post Second World War. Thank you. Zoltán

[@zk1919]

6:47 "Wilson seemed more than happy to voliate the right to self-determinatio when it came to the question of ....Polish corridor...."? Can you elaborate @SirMonatee? What regrets did capitulating German Empire have? Not enough Lebensraum for "peace-loving" but neigbour's land-grabing Germans? Do you remember the date 1772 and annexation of Polish Royal Prussia, northern part of Greater Poland and areas of northern Kuyavia? Frederick II of Prussia in 1773 named those annexed territory Western Prussia. And guess what ... Frederick II ordered settlement of German colonist in conquered territories.

[@fiorinopizio4554]

An italian city in hungary ruled by germans and now part of croatia? Sounds fun

[@user-ef8ol7nx9u]

Welcome to the Balkans.

[@wan1edguy382]

tbh fuime should have been a condominiom

[@triumphbobberbiker]

To be fair, it was the Italian troops that stopped the A-H onslaught along the Piave River in June 1918, the last major Hapsburg offensive of the great war. And in the end, obviously they won the war. So, Italy's effort in WWI was not that dismal failure this video would have us believe. Also for the sake of historical accuracy, the 'series of violence and retaliatory acts' - that is very briefly mentioned at 22:00 - was in fact an operation of deportation and assassination and against the Italian population in Istria/Carnaro, who by now were defenseless.

[@altermist7016]

red flood moment

[@alexsocial9525]

Btw Gabriele D'Annunzio was a legend, no questions asked

[@imeantherearethedarktownsy5210]

He was a fascist freak who led thousands of young men to pointless deaths. Shame on you, childish fool

[@gggmmmxspace]

@@imeantherearethedarktownsy5210not really fascist… more a provoker, revolutionary… not really a politician… he was used by Mussolini and he in the end he was against him…

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

​@@imeantherearethedarktownsy5210Fascism has very little in common with D'annunzio. Perhaps only the Irredentist tendencies and that's basically it. Fascism and the ideology of Fiume have nothing in common. One was "The state is everything", the other was a very free society with a very advanced constitution with ample social liberties and a very different economic model which aimed to bridge the gap between the distant governors and the common people.

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

I had the pleasure of visiting this beautiful city. The traces of its Italian history can be seen everywhere around the city. The Corso is a great place with lots of historic buildings. Great buildings include the Palazzo Adria (10:46) on Piazza Adriatica, the Torre Civica (11:02), the Venetian villa, the city theater once named "Giuseppe Verdi", the Italian school and the old town with St. Vito's Cathedral. You can definitely also feel the Hungarian influence. It's a really pretty city with a great seaside view, where you can observe the islands of the Quarnaro, it almost looks like a lake sometimes. Unfortunately the surrounding green hills have been ruined by commie blocks, but what can you do? For the Fiume Crisis, I suggest the book "Disobbedisco" but it's only for Italian speakers unfortunately.

[@Bleilock1]

Rest was ruined by affordable housing you mean Anyone with any grain of brain will laugh at that statement

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

@@Bleilock1 there are pretty commie blocks and ugly ones. In my city there are lots of them that look good. In Fiume, those ones look awful and they look more like shtty towers than buildings. I don't mean to say they are bad, but if you build them wrong you can ruin an entire place.

[@Zz_Mike-Hawk_zZ]

​@@Bleilock1There are pretty ones and ugly ones. In Fiume they look awful. They look like towers that ruin the landscape. Where I live there are some, but they look good.

[@anonymous-hz2un]

​@@Bleilock1 "affordable housings" 😂😂 i understand that commie blocks are Croatia's only contribution to the city, but cmon...

[@royale7620]

​@@Bleilock1Anyone with a grain of brain would not be a leftoid boot licker like u. Back to reddit. " affordable housing " imagine living in those cheap mud huts made by alcholic workers. Humans need houses, not matchboxes, but thats a leftoodic brain for you

[@masterofallthelakesintown2472]

Ist Fiumeian!

[@CuddlesEnjoyer]

I love you lil slimey boy

[@gggmmmxspace]

D’Annunzio was a provoker… ✍🏼

[@That_GuyYouTube]

You should do a video on the fascist leaders that were from Austria-Hungary. Adolf Hitler 🇩🇪, Ante Pavelić 🇭🇷 (Džafer Kulenović for 🇧🇦as vice president of the NDH), Jozef Tiso 🇸🇰, Ferenc Szálasi 🇭🇺, Stepan Bandera 🇺🇦, Ernest Peterlin 🇸🇮, Radola Gajda 🇨🇿, Horia Sima 🇷🇴. All were born in the same country, and all wanted a “Greater X country” which often conflicted with each others nationalism. While not born, these leaders were often active politically and militarily in the former Austria-Hungary, Milan Nedić and Draža Mihailović 🇷🇸.

[@curseditem8354]

ernest peterlin wasn't the main commander, leon rupnik was

[@That_GuyYouTube]

@@curseditem8354 true, but I don’t think Slovenia even had a mainstream fascist movement or party. Axis collaboration doesn’t inherently mean fascists anyway. Hitler’s Nazi Party, Pavelić’s Ustaše, Tiso’s Hlinka Party, Sima’s Iron Guard, Szálasi’s Arrow Cross Party, Bandera’s Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists, Gajda’s National Fascist Community, etc all were things before world war 2 even started. They all were the most nationalist or fascist from any political organization in their communities, and had influence in governments or trying to create governments. All were active in fighting in the wars too. What was the Slovene equivalent of this? Because Milan Stojadinović’s Yugoslav Radical Union and Dimitrije Ljotić’s Yugoslav National Movements were Yugoslav fascist parties, but weren’t Serb nationalism or Serb fascism, even if those organizations were ran by Serbs. Serbs had the Chetniks basically for themselves.

[@curseditem8354]

@@That_GuyKZbin i agree with what you said, but in terms of commanding the slovenian collaboration, at least on paper, rupnik had a higher higher rank while in the end peterlin got sent to dachau

[@branimirkolarov3493]

​@@That_GuyKZbin Yugoslav radical union wasn't a fascist movement, but a conservative one.

[@serebii666]

@@That_GuyKZbin "and had influence in governments or trying to create governments. All were active in fighting in the wars too." Idk about the others but this doesn't apply much to Gajda’s National Fascist Community. It was pretty ineffectual and had basically no popularity during it's existence, even at it's height receiving only 2% of the vote in 1935. It is perhaps comparable to Ljotić's Yugoslav National Movement, which was similarly unpopular and inconsequential. It had no tangible influence up to 1938, and beyond. And post-Munich, Gajda was forced out of politics totally and the party itself collapsed, unable to mobilize any support even as German authorities were setting up collaborationist parties and canvasing from the far-right.

[@AlbanianDogma]

ALBANIAN TERRITORY 🇦🇱🇦🇱🇦🇱🇦🇱

[@BufusTurbo92]

Silence, dollar store turk

[@davidaxelos4678]

Morocco!🇲🇦🇲🇦🇲🇦

[@Priceless_TMT]

🇦🇱🇦🇱🇦🇱

[@davidaxelos4678]

@@Priceless_TMT 🇮🇲🇭🇰🇰🇬

[@grandcrowdadforde6127]

ples-bicite? Don t you mean: pleeb-a-cite?

[@esotericulmanist8331]

Fiume is Lithuanian

[@gggmmmxspace]

Australian

[@gggmmmxspace]

Croazia is tied with Italy… the only bad story is that 350.000 civilians were deported after the war for political reasons… It was a huge problems for theme…

[@M-tl4xt]

The word is plebiscite (pronounced plebisite), not plesbiside. That sounds like a lesbian beach party.

[@deepocean673]

Reflood videpgame

[@grandcrowdadforde6127]

i have a tidy little collection of Fiume s postage stamps: a dead country now, but rememberred!

[@tripleh327]

Ti be fair Italy did fairly well in ww1 having to confront in a single front largely by herself most of the might of Austria Hungary Italy also managed to stop Austria after Caporetto disaster in the Piave line and didn’t capitulate Also it has some truth that French and England didn’t respect their own promises done to Italy before the war while they largely gobbled up and divided between themselves German colonies Their behavioir led also to problems with Japan that like Italy felt being treated unfairly and like second class powers by French and uk governments This is no justification But many of the root of ww2 can be directly traced back to the decisions of France and uk at the peace table The radicalization of Italy for their betrayal of the secret treaty Japan turn into ultra militaristic and nationalist power The complete humiliation of Germany with the reparations that directly lead to the seeds of the Nazis rise Uk and France behaved like they were still enforcing napoleonic era treaties and division of the world based around their respective imperial powers interest and didn’t realized that created the same monster that would plunge the world in a second more destructive world war

[@elemperadordemexico]

The hell you mean italy did well? When austria was occupied in two other fronts and was in a worse position the Italians failed to exploit and did astonishingly awful

[@NovaSoldier]

​@@elemperadordemexicohow so? Italy had the same gains the other western powers had in the western fron with the difference that italy had to break trought fortified positions in mountains with 3k m of dilevel while the allies had to go throught plains and small hills

[@tripleh327]

@@elemperadordemexico germany was occupied in 2 fronts and yet france did not managed to held the line without belgian and uk help at first and later also american italy did a fine job for 2 years with results comparable to the western front allies conssidering also that austria hungary was on the defensive foot in that period and that terrain configuration (the alps and the rivers of friuli region) and the defensive position it held for 1915/1916 made very easy for austria hungary to held the line italian forces launched several major offensive pushes but had no better luck than what france and germany were experiencing on the western front machine gun and trenches bogged the entire frontline making large scale assoult essentially useless caporetto was a disaster and yet italy managed to reform a frontline on the piave line and ultimately win his front against austria hungary the italian army bogged down the most of the weight of austria hungary blokcking them on the italian front and avoaiding their redlepoyment alongside the germans on the western front especially after the dissolution of the eastern front italy did a pretty decent job and put on the line milions of dead and wounded on the altar of victory against the central powers it could have done better? surely. but all considering it did a prett good job and was a huge part of the wiining effort of the allies

[@manuelameriggioli2461]

Fiume is italien and only italien

[@gggmmmxspace]

Half and Half… more Roman…

[@radec5166]

EJA EJA ALALA

[@gggmmmxspace]

Hip hip hurrah!

[@AS10944]

Italians, after having the gall to annex Venetia, still wanted more land and decided to fuck with the Slavs for it. They were ridiculous then, they're still ridiculous now.

[@anonymous-hz2un]

What slavs? Oh, you mean catholic serbians 😂😂

[@legchairhistorian5496]

Huh? In what isn’t Venetia Italian? And for that matter isn’t it clear Fiume was majority Italian?

[@anonymous-hz2un]

@@legchairhistorian5496 оf course they were. Ivan here just talks some bull.

[@AS10944]

@@anonymous-hz2un i"m not a Slav, i'm Venetian. And the so-called "Italians" in Fiume were Venetians.

[@anonymous-hz2un]

@@AS10944 no venetian would take the side of the slavs over their fellow italians. Why are you always lying??

[@patricksmodels]

I don't agree with description of Italy's military performance as being less than ideal. You should read more about the war on the Italian front, about the fierce Italian resistance against the Austro-Hungarian Strefexpedition on the Trentino front in 1916, on the terribile battles on the Isonzo, the conquest of Gorozia, the resistance on the Piave and Monte Grappa after the retreat from Caporetto in 1917.

[@AdolphusEudora]

When one general keeps ordering 10 battles be fought in the same river and calls those who oppose to those plans are unpatriotic cowards, we can say yes, Italy's military performance is less than ideal...

[@patricksmodels]

@@AdolphusEudora General Cadorna was replaced after Caporetto. And it was General Cadorna who had prepared the defensive line of Mount Grappa and the Piave in the event of an Austrian breakthrough on the Isonzo front. He was no saint, but we cannot describe the performance of the Italian army as unsatisfactory on the whole. From the point of view of logistics they were very advanced, the Alpine front was a very complicated terrain.

[@MBP1918]

Ridateci Fiume

[@succerberg84]

Trst je nas. Trst je slovenija

[@radec5166]

​​@@succerberg84Your country isn't worth shit. You were the slaves of the Habsburgs and the Serbs.

[@gggmmmxspace]

Fiume is tied with Italy… Croazia is sister of Italy. About the history of WWI, It’s not correct in its complexity.

[@Kedai610]

Mispronouncing the "s" in plebiscite, disliked and unsubbed

[@VIRTUALESENCE]

But he is german, undisliked and resubbed

[@SirManateee]

understandable

[@m.m.1301]

Viva Fiume italiana! Viva il Vate!

[@succerberg84]

Ok talijan

[@okon7464]

RIJEKA🇭🇷🇭🇷🇭🇷🇭🇷🇭🇷 And without jokes, you could write in the title "Fiume/Rijeka" at least

[@salvadorromero9712]

Why would he do that? It was called Fiume at the time and is known generally as the Fiume crisis. People talk about Danzig crisis, Konigsburg, Siege of Constantinople, etc. I think you get the picture!

[@monkofdarktimes]

No because it's the historical name used in context

[@tancreddehauteville764]

Give it a rest!

[@anonymous-hz2un]

1910 census shows it had over 60% italian population vs agains only 19% croats. Sorry, Ivan 😎

[@easytiger6570]

​@@anonymous-hz2un But when I bring up the Austro-Hungarian census Italians scream that it's illegitimate because it shows Slavic majority in Dalmatian Istria and Trieste surroundings. Curious 🤔

[@azore1184]

Fiume is Portuguese