The Greek king who ruled India | Menander

Menander or Milinda, was one of the most important kings in the history of the Indo-Greeks. In this video, we are going to talk about the history of Menander and his conquest of India. Most of the information concerning Menander comes from the Buddhist text Milinda Panha or The Questions of Milinda. Apart from the Minlinada Panha, the Yuga Purana also provides information about the invasion of Menander.
I have used the following sources for this video:-
1. The Indo-Greeks by A. K. Narain
2. The Greek Experience of India: From Alexander to the Indo-Greeks by Richard Stoneman
3. The Greeks in India by George Woodcock
4. The Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek World, Edited By Rachel Mairs
Follow me on Twitter
Jayvtweets
Follow me on Goodreads
www.goodreads.com/user/show/56052358-jay-vardhan

[@JayVardhanSingh]

For an in-depth understanding of the Indo-Greek History. Please listen to my podcast on the second channel. Here is the link. kzbin.info/www/bejne/ooGkoX6hi5h-g5I

[@tleontidis]

Your presentation is great and I learned a lot about the history of the ''Epigoni'' (Descentants) of Alexander III that we never been teached in Greek schools. I was always curious about the presence of the meander, the most characteristic ancient Greek decoration motif, in the Buddhist Temples of China and Tibet. Searching to find videos in KZbin about possible common stories between the greeks and the Chinese in antiquity I found a video about the Indian-Greek Kingdom, the existence of which I didn't now!!!! Through that video I learned, between other things, the story of King Menander and his relationship with Buddhism!!!! Your video gave me even more informations and I have to thank you for that. Starting about his name in Greek it's Μένανδρος (Menandros) from the word μένω (meno which means stay and άνδρας (andras) which means man, so his name means 'He who stays with his men' in other words he who never retreat but stays to fight and protect his people. The video that I refered about before says that he was a philosopher, he studied Buddhism, liked its ideas (ancient Greeks were open minded and easily were adapting ideas that they were believing that they are good) and finally he resigned from the throne and with other Buddhist monks he went to Tibet and founded with them the Tibetan Buddhism. The curious detail is that Dalai Lama and the monks of the secta that he belongs are wearing yellow hats that resemble the ancient Greek helmets (you can find pictures of them in the internet)! Another thing that I want to share with you is that it was very common in ancient Macedonia to burn the kings and put their ashes in a golden larnaca and the larnaca with their armory and other personal items in a burial chamber and cover the chamber with dirt creating a tomb. On the top of the tomb they used to built an Ηρώον (Heroon), a small sunctuary where there was an altar dedicated to the deceased. Homer in his epic poem Iliad also refers to the burning of the deceased so it was a tradition that was existing in ancient greece more than 800 years before Alexander. I am not trying to prove that the ancient Greeks founded Buddhism but i am just sharing my thoughts and my knowledge and I am waiting eagerly to learn more about this story from you! I will also watch study the rest of your video! Thank you very much Jay!!!!

[@JayVardhanSingh]

Thank you so much for providing this great information.

[@harristheodosis5204]

Μένανδρος ο προστάτης του Βουδισμου, εχωμε και άλλους Έλληνες βασιλείς στην περιοχή αυτή όπως ο Ευκρατιδης, Ο Ελληνικός πολιτισμός άφησε το στίγμα του σε όλη αυτήν την περιοχή, μια άγνωστη πτυχή της ιστοριας που δεν διδάσκεται στην Ελλάδα δυστυχως

[@kaloarepo288]

The word "meander" comes from the name of a very winding river in Asia Minor (Turkey) Now called the Menderes. So a winding motif is called that!

[@Indus_tree_al_action]

This is what I had been looking all over the internet for. But kept finding only UPSC videos that don't offer any clarity about the entire historical period and instead focus just on the names/dates/coins to be memorised for scoring marks in the exams. And while there is nothing wrong with scoring marks in exams, the coaching industry completely dominates all educational content, especially about history and political science, in my experience. Thank you Jay for this channel and all the excellent videos!

[@sinesaii]

Amazing. I love all the Bactrian coins, some with Brahmi and well as Greek. The Yona (Greek) monks were prominent in the creation of the “Pali Cannon” that is the foundation of Theravada Buddhism. Menander was a Buddhist king much like Ashoka, but it fascinates me that these Bactreans were Greek.

[@GreenVally-xn5lv]

It was very interesting to know about the great Indo-Greek ruler, Minanda. Thank you very much for giving clear idea about this.

[@JayVardhanSingh]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@maggot92]

Thanks for covering this! More people need to learn about our great indo-greek history!!

[@JayVardhanSingh]

Glad you found this formative.

[@AlEx-qj3de]

Sakala that touches Jammu hills. Jai ji, from Sialkot Your Jammu is clearly visible

[@centipede9467]

I cannot express my gratitude in having found this amazing channel!!!! I have been looking for my info on the Indo-Greek kingdoms forever! I never knew there was a Greek style dialogue about Buddhism! Thanks so much!

[@JayVardhanSingh]

Thank you!!

[@amop2234]

Glad to have found your channel through the 10 kings battle video recommendation. Very interesting video themes and narration, looking forward to more.

[@JayVardhanSingh]

Thank you for these kind words.

[@koteswar009]

Same here. Seen all his videos now

[@adershindia9255]

informative and eye-opening, every history enthusiast must have to see this.

[@JayVardhanSingh]

Glad you found it useful.

[@HARDAOREDGE]

Kudos for presenting this obscure part of history 🎉

[@TheOpposition]

Brother absolute high quality 🙏

[@JayVardhanSingh]

Thank you.

[@susanna9831]

Hello, I'm ethnically Indian with roots from Gujarat. I did familytree DNA ancestry test and got 10% European, of which the breakdown is 5% Greece/Balkans, 2% Scandinavia and 3% East Slavic. I'm just wondering where the 5% Greek is coming from. I consistently get Mediterranean on gedmatch calculators too so it's not noise.

[@addydhandar]

Buddhism is so beautiful relegion ❤❤❤

[@kafirkafiri4394]

yet unable to save itself from getting wiped out by islamic rulers.

[@raginisingh2251]

Thanks fr provide us depth knowledge of Menander

[@Advaitvaadi]

Great informative video

[@koteswar009]

Never knew Greeks conquered vast parts of northern India.

[@akkkkk813]

@@Prudentvedic 😂😂

[@Prudentvedic]

@@akkkkk813 ?

[@akkkkk813]

@@Prudentvedic I am laughing because that particular individual thinks himself as descendant of greeks

[@akkkkk813]

@@Prudentvedic 😂😂 go and also check your DNA you will get your answer 😂😂😂😂 and coming to Blue eyes even a lot of people in Nepal have it, just search about the tullu people of India (who live in current day Karnataka) or even just search about the DNA of Kailash people in your own Pakistan nobody of has DNA of greeks but all of them have blue eyes and very fair skin, is just like saying that Britishers rule India for 200 years then everybody of India will have some lineage of British (and coming to the point of Indo Greek then whenever they had conquered any country they had made their own small cities and they were defeated later by Indian kings and they went back to their country just search about their history) but do you know what is the most surprising thing even greeks don't have red hair

[@abhay1839]

@@Prudentvedic sure

[@mariosathens1]

In Bactria (modern-day Tatzikistan) was the furthest Alexandria city called ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΙΑ ΕΣΧΑΤΗ Alexandria Eschate (Eschate in Greek means the furthest)

[@GrecoByzantine1821]

​@Rajnasyathe Greeks created a mixed Grecoindian culture with the locals. If Alexander have been lost then how he founded so many Greek cities in the region around the region of Hydaspis river?! That's was Alexanders policy in order to show respect to the ethics and culture of every region he conquered. The same Greco Egyptian culture created in Egypt where also new grecoegyptians gods also created, the same happened in Persia were the Greek rulers adopted the clothes and laws of the local Persians. Greeks conquered regions as far as Pataliputra city which is deep into Indian peninsula even close to modern Bangladesh borders: Various Indian records describe Yavana attacks on Mathura, Panchala, Saketa, and Pataliputra. The term Yavana is thought to be a transliteration of "Ionians" and is known to have designated Hellenistic Greeks (starting with the Edicts of Ashoka, where Ashoka writes about "the Yavana king Antiochus"), but may have sometimes referred to other foreigners as well, especially in later centuries. Patanjali, a grammarian and commentator on Pāṇini around 150 BCE, describes in the Mahābhāsya,[13] the invasion in two examples using the imperfect tense of Sanskrit, denoting a recent event: "Arunad Yavanah Sāketam" ("The Yavanas (Greeks) besieged Saketa") "Arunad Yavano Madhyamikām" ("The Yavanas were besieged Madhyamika" (the "Middle country")). The Anushasanaparava of the Mahabharata affirms that the country of Mathura, the heartland of India, was under the joint control of the Yavanas and the Kambojas.[14] The Vayupurana asserts that Mathura was ruled by seven Greek kings over a period of 82 years.[15] Accounts of battles between the Greeks and the Shunga in Central India are also found in the Mālavikāgnimitram, a play by Kālidāsa which describes an encounter between Greek forces and Vasumitra, the grandson of Pushyamitra, during the latter's reign.[16] Also the Brahmanical text of the Yuga Purana, which describes Indian historical events in the form of a prophecy,[17] relates the attack of the Indo-Greeks on the capital Pataliputra, a magnificent fortified city with 570 towers and 64 gates according to Megasthenes,[18] and describes the ultimate destruction of the city's walls: "Then, after having approached Saketa together with the Panchalas and the Mathuras, the Yavanas, valiant in battle, will reach Kusumadhvaja ("The town of the flower-standard", Pataliputra). Then, once Puspapura (another name of Pataliputra) has been reached and its celebrated mud[-walls] cast down, all the realm will be in disorder." - Yuga Purana, Paragraph 47-48, 2002 edition. According to the Yuga Purana a situation of complete social disorder follows, in which the Yavanas rule and mingle with the people, and the position of the Brahmins and the Sudras is inverted: "Sudras will also be utterers of bho (a form of address used towards an equal or inferior), and Brahmins will be utterers of arya (a form of address used towards a superior), and the elders, most fearful of dharma, will fearlessly exploit the people. And in the city the Yavanas, the princes, will make this people acquainted with them: but the Yavanas, infatuated by war, will not remain in Madhyadesa." - Yuga Purana, Paragraph 55-56, 2002 edition. Just accept the facts and stop crying 😭😂

[@harristheodosis5204]

Thank you for this video, as a Greek I do research for the influence of the Greeks in those areas

[@Siddharth1012]

Menander sounds like greek version of mahendra.

[@tleontidis]

His name in Greek is Μένανδρος (Menandros) from the word μένω (meno which means stay and άνδρας (andras) which means man, so his name means 'He who stays with his men' in other words he who never retreat but stays to fight and protect his people.

[@skbarua70]

Very scientific analysis.

[@anselmdanker9519]

A great presentation, thank you for covering this period of interaction between Indo Greeks and India.Is there evidence of trade by sea from the Indian coastal cities controlled by the indo Greeks and Arabia and the Selucid Empire or the other empires controlled by the Successors of Alexander ? Was gold and silver mined any where in Menander's empire or was it imported? Any idea what were the goods traded ?

[@JayVardhanSingh]

Thank You. About the coastal cities control by the Indo-Greeks. There is little evidence but I believe the port of Barbaricon, which was situated on the mouth of Indus near the modern city of Karachi, may had been controlled by the Indo-Greeks. But this is a speculation. We have evidence from the port of Muziris and Bharuch about the good that were traded with the west. These goods included spices, cotton, ivory, etc.

[@pacifront83]

Spices and cotton, and I took a dna test (I’m Sinhalese), and I have a very minutr Greek and Balkan dna(.2%), but I assume it had to be from trade relations between Sri Lanka and other nations.

[@dingbat999]

your videos r so kewl

[@edigamahesh403]

Really awesome sir., 🥰🥰😍

[@JayVardhanSingh]

Thanks a ton

[@rishikajamwal729]

Could you elaborate on why do you think that his capital Sagala was in Jammu region rather than Sialkot, which is widely followed theory. Thanks!

[@JayVardhanSingh]

I am here following the arguments of A.K Narain. You can read his book The Indo-Greeks there he has discussed this issue in detail. I will not be able to explain it here.

[@mohammadshafiksheikh9778]

Wow thank you bro

[@hariunnithan9]

Good one! Panha is likely Pali for Prasna. How is Alexandria situated north of Kabul called ‘Alexandria of the Caucasus’?

[@monuranigupta401]

Can u plz tell about meander coins

[@devannayar6456]

so as I understand it, The Muryan Kings drove away the Indo-Greeks to the outer borders of India, but after their decline the Greek kings recaptured large tracts of North India ? wonder who were the contemporary dynasties in South India ?

[@vaibhavdlxit1050]

Were the Indo-Greeks first to issue Gold coinage? I have been seeing conflicting answers on this.

[@thefinishlineproject]

Video editing software kaunsa use karte hain aap?

[@JayVardhanSingh]

Final Cut Pro

[@ayushsingh4574]

Can you please mention the sources for this one As you said you would provide if asked for

[@JayVardhanSingh]

Please see the description, I have provided the list of sources there.

[@ayushsingh4574]

@@JayVardhanSingh thanks

[@anjan007bond]

Hi Jay, which caste represent Greeks in India today?

[@kafirkafiri4394]

They were assimilated to kshtriya varna, it was varna system intially which later distorted to jati, caste system was introduced by britishers and word caste come from casta coined by portugese.

[@rohitpratiush811]

Bhaiya why don't you start upsc history course i really like your content...

[@girishraghuvanshi6900]

❤❤❤😊

[@Rajvardhantiwari1103]

Any source who was king of rajputana region at that time?

[@JayVardhanSingh]

No, there aren't any source that talk about this. But from the Jaipur region, coins of Arjuniyas have been found. The Arjuniyas were a republic and it is believed that they existed around 1st century AD.

[@koteswar009]

@@JayVardhanSingh You mentioned that even early Magadha days there was a republic kingdom north of it. Who claims to have first Republics?

[@JayVardhanSingh]

Yes, around 6th century BC, there were republics. The term which is used for them is Gana or Sangha. I will make a video on them in the near future.

[@hcr2alex714]

Mauryan rulers ruled chittor in 5th century so basically mauryan king was there later bapa rawal defeated them and established their own empire

[@shubhamlohani2102]

why do sukhwinder, palwinder , rupinder etch sikh names matches alexander , menander etc ..... are sikhs progeny of greeks

[@prabshiro]

Very good question

[@vinodk.9647]

Hindi main bhi banao sir content bahut acha h apka

[@JayVardhanSingh]

Ji Sir, Kucch samay baad hindi mein bhi banaenge. Dhanyaavaad aapka 🙏 🙏

[@petrospetromixos6962]

Menander Alexander Dont know why they do this to Greek names like Alexandros Menandros its not like keeping the -os is that alien sound to the English language, is this a Latin thing?They read them through Roman scriptures and they remained like this?

[@rudra4972]

Arjunayana and Yudheyas kingdoms also Claimed Victory against Yavana ( Indo- Greeks) . Shunga empire King also Claimed victory in Sindh Regions .

[@templer987]

Reference?

[@yj9032]

Most of the times, rulers ‘claim’ victory even when they have not won. We cannot trust them blindly.

[@GrecoByzantine1821]

The Greeks created a mixed Grecoindian culture with the locals. If Alexander have been lost then how he founded so many Greek cities in the region around the region of Hydaspis river?! That's was Alexanders policy in order to show respect to the ethics and culture of every region he conquered. The same Greco Egyptian culture created in Egypt where also new grecoegyptians gods also created, the same happened in Persia were the Greek rulers adopted the clothes and laws of the local Persians. Greeks conquered regions as far as Pataliputra city which is deep into Indian peninsula even close to modern Bangladesh borders: Various Indian records describe Yavana attacks on Mathura, Panchala, Saketa, and Pataliputra. The term Yavana is thought to be a transliteration of "Ionians" and is known to have designated Hellenistic Greeks (starting with the Edicts of Ashoka, where Ashoka writes about "the Yavana king Antiochus"), but may have sometimes referred to other foreigners as well, especially in later centuries. Patanjali, a grammarian and commentator on Pāṇini around 150 BCE, describes in the Mahābhāsya,[13] the invasion in two examples using the imperfect tense of Sanskrit, denoting a recent event: "Arunad Yavanah Sāketam" ("The Yavanas (Greeks) besieged Saketa") "Arunad Yavano Madhyamikām" ("The Yavanas were besieged Madhyamika" (the "Middle country")). The Anushasanaparava of the Mahabharata affirms that the country of Mathura, the heartland of India, was under the joint control of the Yavanas and the Kambojas.[14] The Vayupurana asserts that Mathura was ruled by seven Greek kings over a period of 82 years.[15] Accounts of battles between the Greeks and the Shunga in Central India are also found in the Mālavikāgnimitram, a play by Kālidāsa which describes an encounter between Greek forces and Vasumitra, the grandson of Pushyamitra, during the latter's reign.[16] Also the Brahmanical text of the Yuga Purana, which describes Indian historical events in the form of a prophecy,[17] relates the attack of the Indo-Greeks on the capital Pataliputra, a magnificent fortified city with 570 towers and 64 gates according to Megasthenes,[18] and describes the ultimate destruction of the city's walls: "Then, after having approached Saketa together with the Panchalas and the Mathuras, the Yavanas, valiant in battle, will reach Kusumadhvaja ("The town of the flower-standard", Pataliputra). Then, once Puspapura (another name of Pataliputra) has been reached and its celebrated mud[-walls] cast down, all the realm will be in disorder." - Yuga Purana, Paragraph 47-48, 2002 edition. According to the Yuga Purana a situation of complete social disorder follows, in which the Yavanas rule and mingle with the people, and the position of the Brahmins and the Sudras is inverted: "Sudras will also be utterers of bho (a form of address used towards an equal or inferior), and Brahmins will be utterers of arya (a form of address used towards a superior), and the elders, most fearful of dharma, will fearlessly exploit the people. And in the city the Yavanas, the princes, will make this people acquainted with them: but the Yavanas, infatuated by war, will not remain in Madhyadesa." - Yuga Purana, Paragraph 55-56, 2002 edition. Just accept the facts and stop crying 😭😂the Greeks created a mixed Grecoindian culture with the locals. If Alexander have been lost then how he founded so many Greek cities in the region around the region of Hydaspis river?! That's was Alexanders policy in order to show respect to the ethics and culture of every region he conquered. The same Greco Egyptian culture created in Egypt where also new grecoegyptians gods also created, the same happened in Persia were the Greek rulers adopted the clothes and laws of the local Persians. Greeks conquered regions as far as Pataliputra city which is deep into Indian peninsula even close to modern Bangladesh borders: Various Indian records describe Yavana attacks on Mathura, Panchala, Saketa, and Pataliputra. The term Yavana is thought to be a transliteration of "Ionians" and is known to have designated Hellenistic Greeks (starting with the Edicts of Ashoka, where Ashoka writes about "the Yavana king Antiochus"), but may have sometimes referred to other foreigners as well, especially in later centuries. Patanjali, a grammarian and commentator on Pāṇini around 150 BCE, describes in the Mahābhāsya,[13] the invasion in two examples using the imperfect tense of Sanskrit, denoting a recent event: "Arunad Yavanah Sāketam" ("The Yavanas (Greeks) besieged Saketa") "Arunad Yavano Madhyamikām" ("The Yavanas were besieged Madhyamika" (the "Middle country")). The Anushasanaparava of the Mahabharata affirms that the country of Mathura, the heartland of India, was under the joint control of the Yavanas and the Kambojas.[14] The Vayupurana asserts that Mathura was ruled by seven Greek kings over a period of 82 years.[15] Accounts of battles between the Greeks and the Shunga in Central India are also found in the Mālavikāgnimitram, a play by Kālidāsa which describes an encounter between Greek forces and Vasumitra, the grandson of Pushyamitra, during the latter's reign.[16] Also the Brahmanical text of the Yuga Purana, which describes Indian historical events in the form of a prophecy,[17] relates the attack of the Indo-Greeks on the capital Pataliputra, a magnificent fortified city with 570 towers and 64 gates according to Megasthenes,[18] and describes the ultimate destruction of the city's walls: "Then, after having approached Saketa together with the Panchalas and the Mathuras, the Yavanas, valiant in battle, will reach Kusumadhvaja ("The town of the flower-standard", Pataliputra). Then, once Puspapura (another name of Pataliputra) has been reached and its celebrated mud[-walls] cast down, all the realm will be in disorder." - Yuga Purana, Paragraph 47-48, 2002 edition. According to the Yuga Purana a situation of complete social disorder follows, in which the Yavanas rule and mingle with the people, and the position of the Brahmins and the Sudras is inverted: "Sudras will also be utterers of bho (a form of address used towards an equal or inferior), and Brahmins will be utterers of arya (a form of address used towards a superior), and the elders, most fearful of dharma, will fearlessly exploit the people. And in the city the Yavanas, the princes, will make this people acquainted with them: but the Yavanas, infatuated by war, will not remain in Madhyadesa." - Yuga Purana, Paragraph 55-56, 2002 edition. Just accept the facts and stop crying 😭😂

[@PriyankaKumari-hy2re]

No one clear this concept except you

[@JayVardhanSingh]

Thank you

[@AlEx-qj3de]

Your Yammenna are the tribe that named the Jumna-Yamna River

[@harshavs914]

Can you provide the references

[@JayVardhanSingh]

I have provided it in the description.

[@ayushkumarsingh3029]

​@RajnasyaEucradites was a greek from Magnesia, Present day Turkey So Demetrius and his immediate succesors were Anatolian greeks

[@rishabhyadav6705]

All are fake one

[@spipggjjk8629]

He is son in law of demetrius 1

[@warchariot1930]

Did the Shunga Empire managed to retake some of these territories?

[@JayVardhanSingh]

If we go by the Indian sources, the territory of the Shungas extended as far as Jalandhar. How true is that is a difficult question to answer.

[@warchariot1930]

@@JayVardhanSingh Hello, I know this is off topic. But What was the original religion of Chandragupta Maurya? What are the sources for this?

[@vanshstalin1402]

😊​@@JayVardhanSingh which source ?

[@rishabhyadav6705]

Which source did it proove that menander ruled this much​@@vanshstalin1402

[@peacelover2282]

Does indian gods are actually coming from greak?

[@JayVardhanSingh]

No, I there so evidence of that.

[@peacelover2282]

@@JayVardhanSingh actually i find many videos in KZbin which are showing similarities of Indian gods and Greek gods. Thats why i ask you. Most of the time when new kingdoms are coming they are introducing new cultures and religions.

[@JayVardhanSingh]

Yes, you're right there are certain similarities. But there's no evidence that suggest that the Indian gods came from Greece.

[@govindasadotra7667]

@@peacelover2282 both were polytheists

[@supasesspaitool585]

They(Greek and India) were from the same roots, the proto indo-europeon people. Because of this, both greek and india worship very similar gods. For example both thuder deity, Zeus(greek)and Indra(india) were derived from proto indo-europeon god called Perkwunos.

[@gappauch]

Ruled India???? wrong phrase..

[@GrecoByzantine1821]

The Greeks created a mixed Grecoindian culture with the locals. If Alexander have been lost then how he founded so many Greek cities in the region around the region of Hydaspis river?! That's was Alexanders policy in order to show respect to the ethics and culture of every region he conquered. The same Greco Egyptian culture created in Egypt where also new grecoegyptians gods also created, the same happened in Persia were the Greek rulers adopted the clothes and laws of the local Persians. Greeks conquered regions as far as Pataliputra city which is deep into Indian peninsula even close to modern Bangladesh borders: Various Indian records describe Yavana attacks on Mathura, Panchala, Saketa, and Pataliputra. The term Yavana is thought to be a transliteration of "Ionians" and is known to have designated Hellenistic Greeks (starting with the Edicts of Ashoka, where Ashoka writes about "the Yavana king Antiochus"), but may have sometimes referred to other foreigners as well, especially in later centuries. Patanjali, a grammarian and commentator on Pāṇini around 150 BCE, describes in the Mahābhāsya,[13] the invasion in two examples using the imperfect tense of Sanskrit, denoting a recent event: "Arunad Yavanah Sāketam" ("The Yavanas (Greeks) besieged Saketa") "Arunad Yavano Madhyamikām" ("The Yavanas were besieged Madhyamika" (the "Middle country")). The Anushasanaparava of the Mahabharata affirms that the country of Mathura, the heartland of India, was under the joint control of the Yavanas and the Kambojas.[14] The Vayupurana asserts that Mathura was ruled by seven Greek kings over a period of 82 years.[15] Accounts of battles between the Greeks and the Shunga in Central India are also found in the Mālavikāgnimitram, a play by Kālidāsa which describes an encounter between Greek forces and Vasumitra, the grandson of Pushyamitra, during the latter's reign.[16] Also the Brahmanical text of the Yuga Purana, which describes Indian historical events in the form of a prophecy,[17] relates the attack of the Indo-Greeks on the capital Pataliputra, a magnificent fortified city with 570 towers and 64 gates according to Megasthenes,[18] and describes the ultimate destruction of the city's walls: "Then, after having approached Saketa together with the Panchalas and the Mathuras, the Yavanas, valiant in battle, will reach Kusumadhvaja ("The town of the flower-standard", Pataliputra). Then, once Puspapura (another name of Pataliputra) has been reached and its celebrated mud[-walls] cast down, all the realm will be in disorder." - Yuga Purana, Paragraph 47-48, 2002 edition. According to the Yuga Purana a situation of complete social disorder follows, in which the Yavanas rule and mingle with the people, and the position of the Brahmins and the Sudras is inverted: "Sudras will also be utterers of bho (a form of address used towards an equal or inferior), and Brahmins will be utterers of arya (a form of address used towards a superior), and the elders, most fearful of dharma, will fearlessly exploit the people. And in the city the Yavanas, the princes, will make this people acquainted with them: but the Yavanas, infatuated by war, will not remain in Madhyadesa." - Yuga Purana, Paragraph 55-56, 2002 edition. Just accept the facts and stop crying 😭😂

[@gappauch]

@@GrecoByzantine1821 want to earn good money?? Prove Aryan invasion/migration tourism Hypothesis...secondly Porus fixed overrated Alexander & Thats a fact.. The History that u parrot is full of shit, so eat it🤣

[@arnavpandey3823]

Sunga? He defeated him

[@GrecoByzantine1821]

The Greeks created a mixed Grecoindian culture with the locals. If Alexander have been lost then how he founded so many Greek cities in the region around the region of Hydaspis river?! That's was Alexanders policy in order to show respect to the ethics and culture of every region he conquered. The same Greco Egyptian culture created in Egypt where also new grecoegyptians gods also created, the same happened in Persia were the Greek rulers adopted the clothes and laws of the local Persians. Greeks conquered regions as far as Pataliputra city which is deep into Indian peninsula even close to modern Bangladesh borders: Various Indian records describe Yavana attacks on Mathura, Panchala, Saketa, and Pataliputra. The term Yavana is thought to be a transliteration of "Ionians" and is known to have designated Hellenistic Greeks (starting with the Edicts of Ashoka, where Ashoka writes about "the Yavana king Antiochus"), but may have sometimes referred to other foreigners as well, especially in later centuries. Patanjali, a grammarian and commentator on Pāṇini around 150 BCE, describes in the Mahābhāsya,[13] the invasion in two examples using the imperfect tense of Sanskrit, denoting a recent event: "Arunad Yavanah Sāketam" ("The Yavanas (Greeks) besieged Saketa") "Arunad Yavano Madhyamikām" ("The Yavanas were besieged Madhyamika" (the "Middle country")). The Anushasanaparava of the Mahabharata affirms that the country of Mathura, the heartland of India, was under the joint control of the Yavanas and the Kambojas.[14] The Vayupurana asserts that Mathura was ruled by seven Greek kings over a period of 82 years.[15] Accounts of battles between the Greeks and the Shunga in Central India are also found in the Mālavikāgnimitram, a play by Kālidāsa which describes an encounter between Greek forces and Vasumitra, the grandson of Pushyamitra, during the latter's reign.[16] Also the Brahmanical text of the Yuga Purana, which describes Indian historical events in the form of a prophecy,[17] relates the attack of the Indo-Greeks on the capital Pataliputra, a magnificent fortified city with 570 towers and 64 gates according to Megasthenes,[18] and describes the ultimate destruction of the city's walls: "Then, after having approached Saketa together with the Panchalas and the Mathuras, the Yavanas, valiant in battle, will reach Kusumadhvaja ("The town of the flower-standard", Pataliputra). Then, once Puspapura (another name of Pataliputra) has been reached and its celebrated mud[-walls] cast down, all the realm will be in disorder." - Yuga Purana, Paragraph 47-48, 2002 edition. According to the Yuga Purana a situation of complete social disorder follows, in which the Yavanas rule and mingle with the people, and the position of the Brahmins and the Sudras is inverted: "Sudras will also be utterers of bho (a form of address used towards an equal or inferior), and Brahmins will be utterers of arya (a form of address used towards a superior), and the elders, most fearful of dharma, will fearlessly exploit the people. And in the city the Yavanas, the princes, will make this people acquainted with them: but the Yavanas, infatuated by war, will not remain in Madhyadesa." - Yuga Purana, Paragraph 55-56, 2002 edition. Just accept the facts and stop crying 😭😂

[@golgumbazguide...4113]

Welcome to golgumbaz

[@bharatveermahan7931]

You have to wonder why the Greeks, like many many other folks, were obsessed with Bharat..

[@shivansh9813]

amazing video

[@Advaitamanta]

"ruled India" is like saying a tiny city ruler of EU is ruling over the entire EUROPE

[@parjanyashukla176]

Please don't use the word "India" in a general sense for Greek rule as it is misleading. Gangetic valley people have always fought their best to drive away all foreigners from Punjab. Greek influence in Gangetic valley and peninsula was negligible.

[@swetasonti]

Your heading is a bit misleading. Meander has not conquered India the way Ashoka or the Moghuls have conquered. Only a large part of the north india minus Bengal and Assam.

[@templer987]

True. He conquered up to mathura

[@GrecoByzantine1821]

The Greeks created a mixed Grecoindian culture with the locals. If Alexander have been lost then how he founded so many Greek cities in the region around the region of Hydaspis river?! That's was Alexanders policy in order to show respect to the ethics and culture of every region he conquered. The same Greco Egyptian culture created in Egypt where also new grecoegyptians gods also created, the same happened in Persia were the Greek rulers adopted the clothes and laws of the local Persians. Greeks conquered regions as far as Pataliputra city which is deep into Indian peninsula even close to modern Bangladesh borders: Various Indian records describe Yavana attacks on Mathura, Panchala, Saketa, and Pataliputra. The term Yavana is thought to be a transliteration of "Ionians" and is known to have designated Hellenistic Greeks (starting with the Edicts of Ashoka, where Ashoka writes about "the Yavana king Antiochus"), but may have sometimes referred to other foreigners as well, especially in later centuries. Patanjali, a grammarian and commentator on Pāṇini around 150 BCE, describes in the Mahābhāsya,[13] the invasion in two examples using the imperfect tense of Sanskrit, denoting a recent event: "Arunad Yavanah Sāketam" ("The Yavanas (Greeks) besieged Saketa") "Arunad Yavano Madhyamikām" ("The Yavanas were besieged Madhyamika" (the "Middle country")). The Anushasanaparava of the Mahabharata affirms that the country of Mathura, the heartland of India, was under the joint control of the Yavanas and the Kambojas.[14] The Vayupurana asserts that Mathura was ruled by seven Greek kings over a period of 82 years.[15] Accounts of battles between the Greeks and the Shunga in Central India are also found in the Mālavikāgnimitram, a play by Kālidāsa which describes an encounter between Greek forces and Vasumitra, the grandson of Pushyamitra, during the latter's reign.[16] Also the Brahmanical text of the Yuga Purana, which describes Indian historical events in the form of a prophecy,[17] relates the attack of the Indo-Greeks on the capital Pataliputra, a magnificent fortified city with 570 towers and 64 gates according to Megasthenes,[18] and describes the ultimate destruction of the city's walls: "Then, after having approached Saketa together with the Panchalas and the Mathuras, the Yavanas, valiant in battle, will reach Kusumadhvaja ("The town of the flower-standard", Pataliputra). Then, once Puspapura (another name of Pataliputra) has been reached and its celebrated mud[-walls] cast down, all the realm will be in disorder." - Yuga Purana, Paragraph 47-48, 2002 edition. According to the Yuga Purana a situation of complete social disorder follows, in which the Yavanas rule and mingle with the people, and the position of the Brahmins and the Sudras is inverted: "Sudras will also be utterers of bho (a form of address used towards an equal or inferior), and Brahmins will be utterers of arya (a form of address used towards a superior), and the elders, most fearful of dharma, will fearlessly exploit the people. And in the city the Yavanas, the princes, will make this people acquainted with them: but the Yavanas, infatuated by war, will not remain in Madhyadesa." - Yuga Purana, Paragraph 55-56, 2002 edition. Just accept the facts and stop crying 😭😂

[@rakeshgarasia3144]

Meena tribe belong to meenadar because thay are not loke like vanvasi

[@matter2684]

Even their girls are fairer than urban girls.

[@veerswami7175]

@@matter2684 mostly meena are descended from hills people who living hills bydefualt are going to be fair

[@ApophaticMystic]

From personal experience, you're wrong.

[@marshalnadar1403]

Do a DNA test.

[@evolved_one]

Good knowledge, this gives the light when the politically motivated people plays Aryan and nonaryan vote bank politics, it is clear that the greeks who where position as aryans by divide and rule politicians and their followers are not Vedic Sanatan Aryans neither the later Scythian and their lateral named Sakas where Vedic Sanatan Aryans and their religion and faith is non Vedic. So conclusion is that the attack on Vedic Indus valley civilization it's destruction started by the yavana and nonvedic people.

[@yj9032]

Indus Valley civilisation got extinct 1000 years before these events. Typical godi bhakt spewing fake history. Edit: there is no evidence of IVC being Vedic. Vedas were written by immigrants from outside.

[@sushtripathy5060]

Have you done enough research on budha.. Because this the western version.... Meander was a followers of budhisum... Budha cannot be Greek why budhisum did not flow in Greek at that time... When meander is indo Greek.. Explain this moral.

[@fotischaronis4597]

the answers i believe you can take it from the millinda panha who has greek influence.

[@errrrrshhhhh]

He ruled in Indian subcontinent thats why he patronaze buddhism in India .

[@tleontidis]

Buddhism is definitely an Indian religion. Menander was also definitely Greek. He was a philosopher too and he liked Buddhism's ideas so became follower. So simple

[@ApophaticMystic]

Stop arguing like an Apefreakan. Buddha wasn't Greek but it wasn't impossible for a Greek like Menander to follow Buddhism. Most Buddhists today are non Indian disproving your assertion that non Indians can or could have not possibly be/been Buddhist.

[@sushtripathy5060]

Change all india history and give the true meaning for English why it came to India.... Make it western India history.... Still western man is obsessed In indian sculptures and art... They stole first the stachu and jewels and now history and traditions and out culture...

[@errrrrshhhhh]

Live in ur delusion ,you dont have any understanding of history.

[@solaurelian7638]

Whatever makes you feel better about your insecurity

[@-rate6326]

@@solaurelian7638 it's mostly because of distrust in European. It's PTSD of colonization. You can't fix it.

[@solaurelian7638]

@@-rate6326 you telling me you can’t do your own research and understand the conclusions? They are willingly ignorant

[@-rate6326]

@@solaurelian7638 it's obviously hard for you to understand what I said. Conclusion of people like you and me doesn't matter. It's mostly researchers whose conclusion matters. Conclusion can be shaped by person's own narrative. It's that for you and sushtripathy.

[@ziggy3259]

Menander was no greek, he was Indian

[@ApophaticMystic]

Nope.

[@ApophaticMystic]

@Rajnasya Stop kanging, his coins bear Greek inscriptions.

[@ApophaticMystic]

@Rajnasya Any evidence for that? His line was Diodotid, not Mauryan.

[@ApophaticMystic]

@Rajnasya None of that is directly relevant to Menander whose ancestry is recorded to be Greco-Bactrian, i.e from Euthymdemos who overthrew the Diodotid satraps of Bactria that rebelled against the Seleucids.

[@ApophaticMystic]

@Rajnasya No evidence for those we wuzzes.