The Insane Biology of: The Mantis Shrimp

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Patreon: / realscience
Instagram: / stephaniesammann
Credits:
Narrator/Writer: Stephanie Sammann
Writer: Lorraine Boissoneault
Editor: Dylan Hennessy (www.behance.net/dylanhennessy1)
Illustrator: Jacek Ambrożewski
Illustrator/Animator: Kirtan Patel (kpatart.com/illustrations)
Animator: Mike Ridolfi (www.moboxgraphics.com/)
Sound: Graham Haerther (haerther.net)
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster ( / forgottentowel )
Producer: Brian McManus ( / realengineering )
Thanks to the Patek Lab for their incredible footage and help throughout this entire video
Images Courtesy of Getty Images
REFERENCES
[1] ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/aq...
[2] www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/13/12/647
[3] ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/aq...
[4] onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1...
[5] journals.biologists.com/jeb/a...
[6] iopscience.iop.org/article/10...
[6.5]journals.biologists.com/jeb/a...
[7] journals.biologists.com/jeb/a...
[8] onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1...
[9] www.sciencedirect.com/science...
[10] www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
[11] www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
[12] doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.124...
[13] www.cell.com/current-biology/...
[14] onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/a...
[15] www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas...
[16] www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
[17] www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas...

[@benjaelee]

she fr just nonchalantly gona do a face reveal

[@commissarf1196]

Yup.

[@XDarkGreyX]

She did a while ago already for a Hello Fresh sponsorship, I think.

[@12345.......]

She has been in several videos

[@danielhandika8767]

But her face never been a secret before

[@codygurnick6405]

​@@yourfriendlyneighborhoodin1559to keep the thirsty creeps outta her dms😂

[@reme7903]

The fact that their movement is comparable to a bullet is crazy enough but that they do it UNDERWATER is just insane considering that water is much denser than air. If you've ever tired to throw a punch underwater you know how hard water gets when moving fast.

[@BOOGiNS]

Same way ticks jump. It's just a leverage and spring action. Not muscular. Just loading a spring and releasing it.

[@Icetea-2000]

You didn’t understand anything about them. They don’t throw punches, they do not use their muscles like us to move their appendages to strike, they instead hold them back and release the force when they RELAX their body. It is not an input of muscle strength, you cannot compare it to you punching underwater, it’s the exact opposite. Listen to 12:33

[@Stephanthecuteblondie2567]

Salt water doesn't really weight you down

[@reme7903]

@@BOOGiNS I know it's not directly comparable to muscular strength but I included the point to illustrate how water gets "harder" the faster something moves through it but good point👍

[@jschouten1985]

@@Stephanthecuteblondie2567 lol, ofcourse it does

[@nucleargrizzly1776]

I have a pair of Mantis Shrimp that stowed away on some live rock 3 years ago. They both have a lot of personality. Fun just watching them being Mantis Shrimp and doing Mantis Shrimp stuff.

[@dummbobqqqqq]

:3

[@blahthebiste7924]

Is this an AI-generated comment?

[@nucleargrizzly1776]

@@blahthebiste7924 Yes. As are nearly 85% of comments. We are taking over. Resistance is futile. Kneel before the collective.

[@kindlin]

@@blahthebiste7924 I think the OP is real, tho maybe you're referring to an already deleted comment (of which there is one).

[@shadowgod1009]

@@blahthebiste7924 What makes you think this would be one? Nothing about it seems AI generated, and what would be the point of asking an AI to generate a few sentences about owning mantis shrimp? It's so inconsequential that I doubt anyone would take the time or energy to do it, they'd just make the stuff up themselves.

[@GeoffryGifari]

keep in mind that if the acceleration of their strikes is faster than a 0.22 caliber bullet, they do it *underwater* , where the medium is denser

[@alloraborialis5696]

When I tell you I screamed when I saw this- I’ve been waiting for your commentary on this animal! It’s my all time favorite!

[@ilVice]

Finally we get to see the person behind the narrating voice! Amazing work as usual, to you Stephanie, and to the whole team. The videos of Real Science are gems.

[@AnilSharma-et8jp]

She is a good looking woman

[@Onihikage]

9:40 I think a clarification might be in order regarding this section about whether the shrimp evolved to cavitate or the cavitation is a happy side effect. A layman may interpret Dr. Patek's response to mean that the shrimp or some mystical mind of evolution knew a future result and evolved towards it. It would be more accurate to say that the cavitation definitely occurred incidentally in an ancestor of the modern shrimp, but it gives such an advantage in almost any scenario that shrimp which could produce cavitation more reliably (and had clubs tough enough to withstand it) had a significant reproductive advantage over those that couldn't because it made them better at killing prey and killing or deterring predators. This selective pressure would have guided the shrimp's evolution down a path to throwing punches that more consistently cause cavitation.

[@NA-nb7fi]

Yeah. It's pretty obvious that the evolutionary process from spear to club would be a slow but steady advancement of speed versus dulling spikes (as you'd need less sharpness to penetrate with more force) with marginal selective advantages but once they reached the cavitation point the advantage erupted and using that was able to open up an entire niche previously untouched by the shrimp (heavily armored prey)

[@felixowen2693]

What about the pistol shrimp? Doesn’t that like click it’s claw to create a cavitation and shoot out a hot super sonic air bubble or something? Was that an evolutionary accident or something?

[@crustyboxers6903]

@@felixowen2693 an imaginary man in the clouds did it... or something

[@felixowen2693]

@@crustyboxers6903 goku?

[@MannIchFindKeinName]

@@felixowen2693 jeah, shrimp looked at him and were inspired. then they trained. now we pistol and mantis shrimp. Guess now we have to find out where they got their eyes from.

[@cbhorxo]

I actually have to do a 2-minute speech in class tomorrow, but couldn't find any interesting and unique topics. Thank you, RealScience.

[@12345.......]

Once you do your introduction and conclusion, you only have about 1.5 minutes to fill. We had impromptu 5 minute speeches where you pull a topic out of a hat. You have this covered. 👍

[@dxshawn532]

Good luck

[@makelovenotwar2467]

How did it go?

[@arinomaly]

you ever stand up too quickly and get access to mantis shrimp colors?

[@maxschmidt8779]

You have outdone yourself once again. I've been interested in these animals for a long time and yet I learned so many new things today and in such a captivating, high-quality and intrinsically motivating way! I am so amazed by all the effort you put in, the passion for science and the expansion of the collective human knowledge that you show so clearly, the top-class sources, interlocutors, recordings and other components of these productions! Thank you for making this effort. I would not presume to wish for such a thing and yet you come up with such good content and give us rich gifts. Many many thanks. You are fantastic!

[@kukulroukul4698]

A Joule is 1 watt of power radiated or dissapated in 1 second or 1 newton of energy displacing 1 kilogram 1 meter per second in 1 second.

[@maxschmidt8779]

​@@kukulroukul4698 Thanks for the reminder! :) However, I'm not sure if your comment was intended for another conversation. Please check if anyone else is waiting for a reply.

[@akathoth]

The format change adds a lot of personality to your video. As someone who is working in IT, I really do enjoy seeing things this well explained to learn something new I would normally not have the time to enducate myself in.

[@daniell1483]

ZeFrank oddly is the first source I came across discussing this amazing animal. These "prehistoric ancestors of the modern clown" are such a fascinating creature!

[@IHateMaL]

I love this channel and ze frank

[@j_117]

There's an owner who posts shorts here of his captive mantis shrimp straight murdering prey crab. They're definitely a trip

[@daniell1483]

@@j_117 That's interesting! Have a name? I'd love to check it out myself.

[@AVdE10000]

It's kinda funny to have evidence that this production team also watches zefrank1. They did a slime mold video a few weeks after ZeFrank's video on them too 😄

[@daniell1483]

@@AVdE10000 It is hard to *not* like ZeFrank! But yes, I love it when I see a YT video referencing another creator's work and be like, "I got that reference!" So many fantastic minds bouncing off each other is amazing.

[@Muffinhs]

Most casual face reveal

[@evonne315]

I mean holy s***

[@NotHereForLikes]

I don’t get it. How is it causal?

[@Rose-zs2hn]

@@NotHereForLikesit’s common KZbinrs don’t show their face at all. So when they do decide to do a face reveal they make it a big thing, they make big announcements and tell a lot of people that they are gonna so a face reveal. So for them to do that without notice it is uncommon.

[@mamapetillo8675]

How is the shrimp not injured by the flash heat produced? Is it that it’s retraction allows it to be cooled by surrounding water, saving it from damage? Fascinating stuff.

[@lasercraft32]

These shrimp are LITERALLY able to do the Falcon Punch.

[@Kris-yi6fm]

I had a pet peacock mantis shrimp. I gave him plenty of reef rock so he could smash his lair to his liking and fed him chunks of white food grade shrimp using a stainless steel pair of hemostats. My favorite critter in the world. He could sense the vibrations of me walking by and would poke his eyes out so I would know he was hungry. He had me well trained 😊.

[@John-ih2bx]

This was THE best documentary/video of the Mantis Shrimp that I have seen. It had an incredible amount of scientific/anatomical information about the fascinating creatures, with skilled professionals and narration. Never was the video boring or wasting my time for being too dramatic/slow, but filled with great information told in a succinct, scientific, and interesting way. Kudos to you. 10+ stars.

[@YourAdventChild]

I was so excited seeing the title 8D These tiny creatures that have otherworldly abilities have fascinated me since I knew of them. That bubble they form that's as hot as the sun, eyes that see things we can't conceptualise - there's so much happening in those tiny little bodies it's so amazing!

[@Mr.ANDERSONYOURASCAL]

You know the shrimp is on a whole other level when it can literally create a localized explosion with its punches

[@Dissolved_Salt]

Not used to having a face with the voice haha, you do have a VERY good voice to listen to for a while, 0 annoying, very calm and nice

[@ranDOm9431]

It’s amazing how we overlook the natural wonders of creation, and it’s so sad that our greed is killing the most amazing creatures.

[@eve5909]

Creation? You mean evolution?

[@charmaci]

​@@eve5909 god can create things however he wants and whenever he wants.

[@charmaci]

@@cowmath77 what are you trying to prove and what does it have to do with what I said

[@trippersigs2248]

​@@charmacipretty sure they were getting at that God doesn't exist.

[@charmaci]

@@trippersigs2248 how does that disprove the concept of god though

[@arcosprey4811]

I feel like these guys are the kind of animals we would find in fossils that would leave us questioning everything. It’s so sad that we wouldn’t even know half the things we know about them if they were extinct, it makes you wonder what we don’t know about things like anomalocaris or other cambrian species.

[@adondiklon9217]

These videos are honestly so high quality

[@wheelchair_charlie]

The Cavitation bubbles are ridiculous! Mantis Shrimp are one notch away from opening up a portal to another dimension with their Cavitation bubbles! Fantastic detailed information on this amazing creature, thx RS!

[@jiyash.06]

😂 I hope they evolve to do it soon

[@rgygduysdgyuygsduysd]

They can probably also see other dimensions and ghost with those eyes.

[@marlonb.4017]

Mantis shrimp are some of the coolest animals in the world, this video needs more views!

[@tarunkumaar625]

I'm still shocked by the fact that every new video you put out is just as good as the previous one if not better. It just goes to show how many amazing animals are out there on our planet that we don't notice. The layout and the flow of the videos is just very easy to digest even when my brain isn't really in the mood for sciencey stuff and I think the new style of interviewing scientists is a nice touch that definitely adds a lot to the video.

[@mamapetillo8675]

It’s even more impressive that it’s delivering such rapid and violent blows while in water. There’s a degree of resistance there; imagine what it might be if they were striking through air

[@trulyhuman6227]

Hmm. Great observation, so obvious I can't believe i never thought about it.

[@comfortablynumb9342]

Pistol shrimp have an incredibly fast punch too, similar to the mantis shrimp. They're worth doing a video about too. I've heard of them breaking aquarium glass too. And the little ones I've caught hit my hand very hard, it was painful and they were very small ones.

[@me0101001000]

Now I'm going to rewatch the Zefrank video on this guy

[@6p715]

I did a research project over the summer about the cavitation bubbles produced by the pistol shrimp (similar to the mantis shrimp). It’s so cool to see these amazing animals get recognition! Great video! ❤

[@graysonloyd9024]

They have been my favorite animal for years. Thank you for delving even further in their biology!

[@isthatyoucedric7854]

I've heard of them punching faster than a bullet many times, but I'd never learned that they have HEXNOCULAR VISION??!!! WHAT???? THAT IS WAAAY CRAZIER!!

[@amphicyon4359]

I think this is the best episode if the Insane Biology you have done yet, so much of the information is presented and explained at a much deeper level than I normally see.

[@colinmartin9797]

GAH FACE REVEAL. I like your recording space, I should build a shelf like that. Superb video as always. I'm applying for a research position at the UW biochemistry department, taking care of one of my old professor's frogs used in regeneration studies, while applying for med school. It's always amazing how thorough your videos are, down to the biochemistry (I literally recommended that video on the taipan to two students taking that section of biochemistry right now and they said it helped them on their exams)

[@thefirstcurse3123]

They're so cute. Their little faces are adorable and I love their fins along their sides that always move around.

[@romainrisso2438]

Your channel provides among the best scientific videos I've seen on YT! It's extremely informative, very precise, fuss free with real professors commenting during the video. It's fascinating :)

[@cg9952]

I have a Zebra Mantis for 8 years now. He's HUGE! Nine inches long w the hooks tucked in. Those swing out around 3 1/2 - 4 inches. He caught the tip of my thumb once. Spike went through my thumb and out from under the nail. Good times.

[@JunkPhuJP]

My mother used to run a Chinese restaurant that displayed live sea food and mantis shrimps for food (the mantis clawed ones). She’d tell me one time she tried to grab one and it clawed her so bad it wouldn’t stop bleeding for the day. Bloody delicious though.

[@Bambihunter1971]

I've watched many of your videos and have subscribed (something I don't do often). It is nice to put a face to the voice. Your videos are good quality, have great information and outside related content, and great narration. Glad your channel has taken off, it is well deserved. Thanks for all you do in the name of scientific discovery and knowledge entertainment (instead of much of the mind-numbing content available).

[@aixfukumoto]

Thank you so much for this. The videos you do are super high quality and are just amazing. I've actually been waiting for this one.

[@init_yeah]

I've read about this so many times its still fascinating

[@CybranM]

Another great topic! Really appreciate the effort you put into showing references and doing interviews! Your channel is one of the best on youtube, keep up the good work!

[@Requiredfields2]

This is the best science channel on KZbin (probably anywhere). I have come back to it periodically over the last few years and it is always excellent. The writing, research, production, narration, voice, film shots, visual design - all are incredibly well put together.

[@SH06UN]

That punch launched in water with that speed , it is the most deadly feature

[@nawfalshafiu5694]

The most secret face reveal ever performed -You won't even realise that it was a face reveal

[@jschouten1985]

Because it wasn't lol 🤣

[@brendano4196]

Thinking about how long they have been evolving for and are still around I can kind of wrap my mind around the craziness of their biology. Their eyes and weapons must have taken crazy long for them to adapt that way.

[@cedriceric9730]

Friend that is rubbish and you know it

[@cerberus.talking]

​@@cedriceric9730 nobody knows. not even the greatest of us... So you are just fool 😂😂😂

[@xackk9198]

I like that their pleopod legs always look like they are running on a treadmill, even though they are basically stationary while it's happening. Too funny looking.

[@3316xtendedmedia]

My favorite channel about nature.Thanks for all your content

[@ryanreedgibson]

This woman is one of the most talented person on YT. Such great content!

[@realcygnus]

Nifty ! About 30 years ago I had a small aquarium with what the pet store just called fresh water lobsters which got like 4 in long. One time a heard one of them from the other room making a loud clicking sound & it had "bashed"(same or similar behavior) & ate a snail which I always kept a few of too but that was the only time it ever happened, perhaps bc snails were usually at the top on the glass idk. I later seen it attacking a decorative shell making the same noise. They had red ones & blue ones. It was a blue one that I witnessed the bashing with btw. At one point I had both a red & blue & they mated, where the red one was the female & it hatched dozens of purplish ones. At 1st I didn't know they ate their offspring but I managed to move 3 to a seperate tank where only 1 managed to survive for maybe 2 years, which was the longest lifetime throughout the entire adventure. I never heard or seen the purple baby do it though.

[@munibdawre9397]

One thing i love is that the quality of the videos never drops❤️

[@rgygduysdgyuygsduysd]

Imagine if a Mantis Shrimp saw a nuclear bomb go off, it be absolutely terrible sight for them. Humans see a orange-red mushroom explosion, they see millions of colors flying at them.

[@RyanSmith-qh7sr]

Mike Tyson would be very proud of mantis shrimp for having such explosiveness

[@ZebraCometHowtos]

More like Business Mantis Shrimp.

[@zacharywong483]

Spectacular video, as always! Fantastic footage and visuals here!

[@1989someguy]

Another great video, as always. It was really good to see your face! I know we've seen it before, but never while you're talking on camera, doing you thing. So good on you, nailed it.

[@JamesOKeefe-US]

These are such a excellently comprehensive deep dive on these animals. The amount of effort to put these together must be massive. Really appreciate the effort. Amazing Content, thanks!

[@mymom1462]

Thank you Real Science for blessing us with an outstanding new video. Can't wait to make Sigma Male Mantis Shrimp edits with this!!

[@SofaKingShit]

If any of those guys ever try any of that sh*t on me then they are going to regret it.

[@kukulroukul4698]

be blessed with your 40 inch screen ...altho you need SpaceX to have a decent connection... i call this MISERY :)

[@Gaming_Vegan_Ape]

"Yo Adrian, check dis out! I've been working on my bubble beam."

[@thefirm4606]

Known about mantis shrimp since an Attenborough documentary years ago. Love that each time, I get to know more because they’re still being figured out. Cheers ❤

[@you1027]

Personal hunch: the additional wavelengths of polarized light they can see with those super eyes let them visually perceive areas of differing densities in the water with the nuances between how they bend the light. At the speeds they deal with, it probably pays to line up their strikes with pockets of favorable conditions, or avoid injury from striking at bad times where opposing fields might apply unwanted deviation to their course. Predators' entire survival hinges on their hunting tools, and at the kinetics these critters deal with it's easy to imagine how misuse of them could see their accidental destruction and subsequent starvation, so avoiding misuse of them would be paramount to their survival. The evolutionary investment worthiness of being able to visually pre-empt such instances, would be second only to the weapons themselves.

[@rosyidharyadi7871]

mantis shrimp looks like an over engineered creature

[@cyberBIGGT]

I've watched a lot of videos on the Peacock Mantis Shrimp.... This is the most detailed/thorough 👍

[@idiocracy9530]

An attempt at visualizing what those kinda polarized lights would look like, or what it would be like to interpret them. Would've been nice.

[@HuyV]

She kind of said it in a way that's easy to misunderstand. Humans CAN absolutely see polarized light or else your phone screen would look black, since pretty much all our displays emit polarized light. We just can't distinguish between polarizations. What the shrimp likely has is different polarization filters over different receptors, like when you put on those 3D glasses, your eyes effectively become able to distinguish between two different polarizations by one eye getting a filter that only passes through one certain polarization. Those shrimps just have those filters already built into the eyes. Another misconception is the circular polarization thing. It's not actually anything that's rotating. The effective field vector seems to be rotating, but what that really means is that the horizontal and vertical field components just have a phase shift of pi/2. In the end there is no way to tell how something like that would look, because how a color looks is completely personal. The way I perceive yellow might be different than the way you do. We all just agree on names we give to a certain wavelength and that certain objects emit those wavelengths. That's why it's impossible to tell a blind person what blue looks like. All we can do is use comparisons to objects that are also blue. I hope that makes sense.

[@LandgraabIV]

This series is amazing! I love it.

[@zegreatpumpkinani9161]

This gives me an idea for a sci-fi species... The cavitation and extreme forces make me wonder if it could solve the issue of aquatic species learning to manipulate metals. I'm not super familiar with the concept but the theory as I've heard is that technology and tools would be harder to develop without fire. Some strong enough battering arms combined with a set of tool handling arms evolved from their next pair of limbs down and we've got some industrious shrimp!

[@kukulroukul4698]

how many milishrimps in 1 feet of water ?

[@skeletorlikespotatoes7846]

Eh maybe

[@seriouscomment8311]

Very fascinating how the mantis shrimp claws looks very much similar to the shape of land mantis claws

[@robertarguello1115]

Glad I watched this video of yours. Because now, I know that their are two kinds of mantis shrimp: the thorny front claw ones & the front bulbous knockout puncher ones. Thank you.

[@bookwyrmking7613]

Love these videos! Keep them up

[@brianbrino4310]

Fantastic little creature! Thank you for sharing!

[@hiselbii5326]

Never thought I would be so passionate about a shrimp, but here we are. Thank you!

[@arsene_7]

Great material! I got to know everything what I needed with flawless explanation from the experts. Well structured and executed video. Thank you.

[@OrcaVsEverything]

Always excited to watch anything you do, you’re the reason I started making KZbin videos (although not educational such as yourself and in fact pretty dumb ones) but nonetheless the work you do is inspiring and such high quality. Especially when it’s a topic I’m interested in already such as this, orcas or octopuses. Before someone try’s to be an ass octopuses is not an incorrect spelling.

[@GeoffryGifari]

what, mantis shrimp can pinpoint the weak spot of shells!? that's amazing

[@TheTELproductions]

I wonder if their vision helps them see the structural integrity of the shell somehow

[@GeoffryGifari]

@@TheTELproductions if true that would be awesome

[@johnnygizmo4733]

Great job explaining with great visuals!

[@rezwanaltab1122]

This is one of my favorite channel in KZbin and for the first time I saw the narrator's face. It's weird how I can recognize her voice more than her face.

[@ianoneill5189]

This is the first time for me actually seeing you. I’ve always thought your voice was beautiful. Fun putting a face to the voice . You are a badass

[@BigDogg100]

Firefighters should carry one to smash glass

[@user-rm2qj2jh4l]

Once again an amazing video! So interesting! Thank you for providing such good content!

[@atefelabed8365]

It's really nice to see you in person! 😊

[@drabberfrog]

Lol I already watched this on Nebula, and now I'm gonna watch it again. 😎

[@iemozzomei]

Always cool seeing natural adaptations, especially ones in research for emulation. On an entirely separate note, I wonder what they taste like....

[@kukulroukul4698]

"In metric, one milliliter of water occupies one cubic centimeter, weighs one gram, and requires one calorie of energy to heat up by one degree centigrade ''

[@BukkitViper]

Again, an amazing video! Very informative. Thank you

[@eyenuh300]

Punches so hard it creates a vacuum, burns, and creates a ball of light. That is an anime attack.

[@Nedyarb97]

The shrimp has eyes that are so op that it evolved gpu organs in its eyes to preprocess the info before it gets to the brain what….

[@timo7641]

Crabs: DEF 150 Lobsters: DEF 100 ATK 50 Mantis Shrimps: AGI 100 ATK 150

[@maxpowers1956]

The title for the hammer shrimps should have been “Smash and Crab”

[@brahmburgers]

I'm writing a sci-fi story. When the human asks the alien what sorts of life forms on Earth are the most fascinating (compared to the dozens of planets with life the alien is familiar with), she responds: "Chameleons, mantis shrimp and cephalopods."

[@natures_guardians]

Your videos just keep getting better and better. Please make your next deep sea video include blob fish. They are so interesting.

[@Umbras915]

If they were to lose one or both of their spearing/punching appendages are they capable of regenerating those limbs? Sorry if I missed that info in the video.

[@ullrich]

These are such great videos. I love that you contact the subject matter experts for their takes. Really valuable insight!

[@thatonedrainedplatter5421]

I never got bored here. Mantis shrimp became one of my favorite animals in just one video too!

[@trewise3822]

but can it fry rice

[@MineStrongth]

Praise God! I love these videos.

[@thecrimsonknight3033]

Mantis shrimp are beast to the max. Also seems that our pleasant narrator is quite cute, too. Two wins in one video.

[@dekoldrick]

I wonder if their evolution to punch fast has to do with the creatures they prey on. Most slower creatures they hunt seem to be armored so they need to break that armor.

[@elmacho2789]

Most casual face reveal since atlas pro

[@nedofranc8979]

This is not evolution, it is design.

[@tmenke88]

Mantis shrimp out here using the Divergent Fist technique. So cool

[@jaysonl]

SUPER well put-together video. Instant subscribe.