The Insane Engineering of the Parker Solar Probe

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References
[1] www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/su...
www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/ir...
[2] www.weldingmania.com/newbie/w...
[3] www.weather.gov/safety/lightn....
[4] parkersolarprobe.jhuapl.edu/Th...
[5] www.psi.edu/epo/faq/earth.html
[6] solarsystem.nasa.gov/basics/c...
[7] www.sciencedirect.com/science...
[8] www.ulalaunch.com/docs/defaul...
[9] www.techexplorist.com/parker-...
[10] sweap.cfa.harvard.edu/History....
[11] ultramet.com/parker-solar-pro...
[12] ultramet.com/refractory-open-...
[13] www.sciencedirect.com/topics/....
[14] www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/...
[15]www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/...
[16]blogs.nasa.gov/parkersolarpro...
[17] • Parker Solar Probe hea...
[18] www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/...
[19] sppgway.jhuapl.edu/encounters
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: epidemicsound.com/creator
Songs:
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung

[@bionictran]

How utterly insane this achievement is. They even did it during the day!

[@residentfelon]

Until you realise space is fake

[@4told]

........Lol , It's always day with the Sun

[@stephielulu9096]

😆

[@brandonliao408]

@@4told What? No way, thats so crazy

[@Abhishek-gs3jn]

They should try it at night next time

[@veezerrscharnhorst]

Please don't ever stop the insane engineering series

[@all.the.same.iProductions]

It would be insane not to…

[@mirzaiscandle]

@@Stevie-J i'll bite the bait. fuck NFTs, the only real currency is runescape gold

[@-thanawat-8296]

@@mirzaiscandle ill grind the dust , the real currency is small circular 1x1 purple lego bits

[@kaelanirevyruun1676]

@@-thanawat-8296 I'll split the particles... The only real, true currencies are bottle caps and can tags xD

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

The earth is flat and actually Satan has taken credit for the ball earth thing actually.

[@mus1kal_the0ry]

Kudos to the camera man who had to fly next to the sun to capture this insane achievement!

[@unleashthekrakenmsf4867]

😂

[@First_______]

His sound guy burned up, but Camera Man kept going.

[@beakymcbeakerson6060]

The cameraman is always the highest level player on the field

[@markfox1545]

You decided to be the moron doing the cameraman line, did you? Have you ever had an original thought?

[@beakymcbeakerson6060]

@@markfox1545 wow, someone didn't get enough hugs growing up or are you just bitter and disappointed that you didn't achieve anything meaningful in life so you insist on spreading negativity from behind a keyboard. I applaud you my friend, at least you have achieved something even if it is garbage in nature.

[@WEEZlUS]

The fact that you explain the mathematics/science behind(formulas) made me a fan. I’ve been looking for depth, basically, more than regurgitation of articles I’ve already read. Thank you, work is very much appreciated! As a note, a little bit more in depth explanations of the math/formula and orgo/chem would be the ultimate!

[@berdigylychrejepbayev7503]

if he goes further deep in explanation he might lose general audience which will butcher the view number, like, share, viewing time etc. then even geeks like you couldnt meet with his future videos due to algorithmic favoritism of simple videos over complex ones.

[@Spynarina]

Good idea for patreon content or something though

[@ShimmeringSpectrum]

The first parts of this didn't sound too crazy compared to some of the other videos you've done, but the longer the video went on, it was like we were descending further into the depths of engineering madness. Astronomy is indeed insane.

[@Just_Sara]

I think this wonderful madness started with the Mars rovers being lowered onto the surface - we learned that the outside-the-box solutions are turning out to somehow actually work. What a mind-opening time for space nerds! It may be engineering madness, but if it works, I guess it wasn't madness after all, right?

[@taterkaze9428]

1. Crazy rover drops on Mars. 2. Insane JWT engineering with hundreds of single points of failure .... that didn't fail. 3. Parker Probe going in at less than 5% of the distance from Earth to Sun. I'm starting to think fusion is gonna happen.

[@bucky13]

The small details that took literal centuries for humanity to discover and perfect to this point is what was mind blowing to me. Niobium wire insulated by sapphire sounds so simple.. yet also sounds like science fiction. I feel like Carbon foam and Niobium C-103 alloy could be the subject of entire Real Engineering videos. How do we even get to that point?

[@btCharlie_]

I lost it at sapphire cable insulation 😂

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

The earth is flat and actually Satan has taken credit for the ball earth thing actually.

[@bucky13]

The small details that took literal centuries for humanity to discover and perfect to this point is what was mind blowing to me. Niobium wire insulated by sapphire sounds so simple.. yet also sounds like science fiction. I feel like Carbon foam and Niobium C-103 alloy could be the subject of entire Real Engineering videos. How do we even collectively get to that point?

[@FierceFire14]

Carbon foam i dont know, but Niobium c-103 is likely something someone put together because they were curious or an engineer needed something for a high temperature project, and the material scientists took materials that were known to be able to perform well under high temps. Material science is a well developed study field, go look into it if you're curious, as even some simple looking steel materials have insane backgrounds.

[@MountainFisher]

@@FierceFire14 Exactly, the new knife super steel Magnacut developed by Dr. Larrin Thomas, a metallurgist has 2.00% of Niobium along with 4.00% of Vanadium are aggressive carbide formers with Vanadium being the hardest carbide metal known, and Niobium is right behind it being as hard as tungsten carbide. It is in several PM or particle metal knives. In Magnacut it keeps the Chromium from forming its brittle carbides.

[@gigakoresh]

Scientific progress works kind of like baloon. We build up pressure with a ton of research over the years that shows clearly what we know, what we don't and what is in demand. Then when the pressure is enough usually one science team makes a breakthrough and gets a lot of credit. But in reality when such breakthrough becomes possible, who exactly does it becomes more a matter of chance rather than particular scientist's genius. All science is important. Except the fake one.

[@MountainFisher]

@@gigakoresh The biases of many scientists I've noticed over the years of working in the aerospace field also holds back science as well. Especially in biology.

[@theobserver9131]

"on the shoulders of giants" Just imagine, if we survive this dark age, how far will we go in the next 100 years? The next thousand years? We have only just begun.....

[@frisk151]

I don't think there is a better way to explain this with non-engineers... I kept up mostly, and learned a number of things! Thanks!

[@steveross8364]

Can't help but think they should've called the probe "Icarus".

[@ImieNazwiskoOK]

Something that would also be good to mention that this probe also measured Venus during it's encounters. It even made a map of Venus's surface.

[@pointlessdude]

thats cool! I'd like to see those

[@ImieNazwiskoOK]

@Pointlessdude Some information can be found on official NASA website

[@disgruntledegghead6923]

Not gonna lie, I'm still waiting on a detailed map of Uranus. It's fascinating to see what's really out there...

[@Mehwhatevr]

@@disgruntledegghead6923 what do you mean? Like a detailed map of its atmosphere?

[@disgruntledegghead6923]

@@Mehwhatevr Honestly I'd like to see a detailed map of the surface. Otherworldly things amaze me.

[@3seven5seven1nine9]

The amount of math needed to get that many gravity assists out of Venus is insane

[@bobbertee5945]

As a guy with an 8th grade math education, and barely passed that, the equation showed on screen is so impressive to me, because I know absolute zero about what is being discussed, I really do look up to people who’s brains are able to decipher and understand it…. At times I’ve actually looked up videos on here of people solving hard math because it’s just so outlandish to me….. having zero idea what is being done to solve it is just so impressive to me

[@miepic3291]

@@bobbertee5945I think when people get to that level it’s just like learning a language. They’re comfortable with all the components that make up the equations like words in a language and have probably solved stuff that “complex” to us so many times that they’ve already done all the hard thinking about it when learning. I’m sure there are many things you’re capable of doing which would look impressive to the uninitiated just in the same way you described looking at those people solving complex math

[@InstaLabSparti]

math is sane never insane!

[@michro1982]

​@@InstaLabSparti I love infinity and I agree to disagree 😉

[@dutchthenightmonkey3457]

KSP players: “hold my beer

[@GlitchedBlox]

They should've gone at dawn when the sun is barely shining, It's colder, so they don't have to worry about the heat.

[@supergamer761]

I remember signing up to have my name put on a microchip that would be put on the space probe, wow that was long ago

[@LitoMike]

imagine if the sun actually was a god like roman mythology and with its god powers it sees Josh Smith Andrew Tate Austin Hruskach يخصممس سح٢٩ك٢ Baljeet Faheed

[@Fred_the_1996]

@@LitoMike *beetlejuice. Only beetlejuice

[@spacejamlover70]

I stg i still have the ticket bookmarked on my old pc, i completely forgot about signing up for it until i heard it hit the sun

[@ExMachina70]

Transmission received!

[@liptonmapper2543]

​@@LitoMike what you said in arabic roughly translates to iighSmms sh92k2

[@SexyStarfleet]

Could you take a look at the engineering and applications of sodium ion batteries? I’ve been hearing about them for grid storage, but I would love to hear your analysis.

[@SECONDQUEST]

Been hearing about sodium batteries for many years, haven't seen much progress in the news so I'm really interested in seeing what I've been missing. I hope he makes a video on the topic too

[@harsimranbansal5355]

For grid storage you have plenty of options for a battery. For example you can simply suspend a weight in the air and move it up and down based on demand and supply. That’s pretty much a gravity battery and would work well for grid storage. We already use pumped hydro as a sort of battery in many places in the world so grid storage isn’t as big of a problem as it seems. The bigger problem is batteries for trucks, or other heavy equipment since you have way more constraints in such an application.

[@antonhelsgaun]

@@harsimranbansal5355 easier said than done, though. You should definitely watch his video on pumped hydro

[@ozlikatura9407]

𝐒͠𝐩͠𝐞͠𝐜͠𝐢͠𝐚͠𝐥͠ 𝐝͠𝐚͠𝐭͠𝐢͠𝐧͠𝐠͠ 𝐟͠𝐨͠𝐫͠ 𝐲͠𝐨͠𝐮͠➺ sexy-nudegirls.host Anna is a beautiful girl. He's the person I love, he's my light day. The way the music flows and sounds is extravagant and fun. Anna is icon, legend, beautiful girl, princess, inspiration, a star. I could go on and on, understand this. I love NBA Anna.#垃圾

[@Leonelf0]

@@capturedflame efficiency of lead acid batteries is absolutely shit

[@mattsoup4121]

Small nitpick. While Falcon Heavy is the highest payload to orbit currently available, Delta IV Heavy has higher interplanetary payload because of its significantly more efficient upper stage

[@aronseptianto8142]

do correct me but i thought the upper stage is interchangeable?

[@mattsoup4121]

@@aronseptianto8142 Upper stages are exclusive to the launch vehicle except for a few special cases. Falcon Heavy has a kerosone and liquid oxygen upper stage which is efficient and cost effective for lower earth orbits. Delta IV Heavy's upper stage is a liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen upper stage. This is expensive and not very efficient for lower orbits but it's much better for high orbits and interplanetary missions. Parker solar probe needed as much velocity as it could possibly get from launch in order to make the mission work. Falcon Heavy may be "more powerful" but Delta IV Heavy was able to provide more velocity to the probe, which is why it was used.

[@fcgHenden]

@@aronseptianto8142 You are correct but they are rarely booster agnostic. The efficiency of the Delta upper stage is mostly lent by its hydrogen engine which has far higher exhaust velocity than kerolox. To do the same, SX has to design their own hydrogen upper stage which I don't see in the near future. Oncee Superheavy is operational however, you can pretty much bolt in any upper stage into it, lol. No need for specialized adapters. Just chuck it into the payload bay, hehe. (With some nuance of course)

[@aronseptianto8142]

@@fcgHenden how would staging even be done in a super heavy kind of rocket? would it do the explosive charge but sideway?

[@cooperodell3392]

@@aronseptianto8142 The second stage is starship itself, superheavy being the first stage. If you wanted to add a third stage for some reason into the payload bay of starship you could, I'd imagine. It would probably either use compressed springs to launch the payload out of the bay or I could even see a world where a similar sort of roll/yaw maneuver is used to have the payload eject itself, similar to how starlink satellites are deployed. In all likelihood however, one would probably just use starships second stage for these trips instead of a dedicated 3rd stage.

[@homermorisson9135]

Guys, thanks for this amazing video... and for releasing it for free! This is far beyond what I ever saw on television, even on the very few remaining channels that place fact above fiction yet.

[@auscan7739]

17:09 They have recently generated more energy than the energy used to start the fusion reaction. It's funny, 10 months ago they probably thought that it would take 50-100 years to achieve that

[@ChristopherGuilday]

They didn’t really. The fusion reaction created 1/50th of the “total” power it used to do the experiment. What your referring to is that it produced more energy than it required for the lasers to start the reaction, but that doesn’t account for all of the other power losses in the system. Do a little more research on it and you’ll find we were a little mislead on that break through. We still are very very far away.

[@stef6963]

@@ChristopherGuilday This is true. The net energy of the lasers was 2.05mW. However due to the inefficiency of lasers they probably consumed a 100mW+ to produce those lasers. However, what happened was a big milestone and it's only a matter of time until fusion experiments get increased funding and are able to accelerate their progress.

[@nameberry220]

What really matter is the amount of money going on vs amount of money out. Nuclear fussion doesn't even need to generate more energy out than in to be profitable, if you can produce and sell something else.

[@2slick4u.]

@Christopher Jannette not when 1500% is required

[@DeadAndAliveCat]

No, they didn't. You're just very susceptible to US New Cold War propaganda.

[@PMX]

Some clarification of what "temperature" means in different contexts is probably needed. When you say the temperature is "only" 3000ºC at the surface of the sun but over 500000ºC in the corona, a clarification is in order because temperature has a completely different meaning than what most people would expect when talking about mostly empty space. That is, the corona has a "high temperature" but a "low heat content" due to it being mostly empty space - a thermometer placed there would *not* show hundreds of thousands of degrees. Otherwise the later part of the video, where you mention they use materials like tungsten that have a melting point of 3400ºC would make no sense. In particular, you mention they can get about 3500ºC with the concave mirrors at the Odellio Solar Furnace for testing, and that such temperature is *twice* what the heat shield is expected to encounter...

[@DemsW]

Yeah that would have been worth explaining cuz as is it's confusing, thanks

[@edwardsl8016]

So empty space is hotter? But also confusing was the cooling by water of solar panels 13:14 , wouldn't that be vapor, since water vaporizes at 100ºC?

[@angrymokyuu9475]

​@@edwardsl8016 What they mean is that the temperature of any particle is far higher, but your odds of encountering them are far lower. That means the thermal density is, on net, lower than at lower altitudes where the temperature is nominally lower. As for cooling, a carefully designed system could keep water from boiling by virtue of not giving it anywhere _to_ boil(though I doubt it's actually pure water).

[@yvrelna]

@@edwardsl8016 No, the equipment being hotter than water boiling temperature is not necessarily a problem. If you circulate the water quickly and if you choose materials in the heat exchanger carefully so it provides enough heat transfer to cool the equipment but not heat the water too quickly, the water can circulate back in the shielded area before it boils. As long as the water keeps moving, it won't reach high enough temperature to boil over. Or they could just use steam as heat transfer medium rather than liquid water, that should work just fine as well.

[@snowjohn1298]

so I can feel heat here on earth but space isn't warm.. makes sense

[@alphalegionloyalist]

Hi, great video! A few points to clarify on the fusion side. The ‘able to produce 70% of the input energy’ is a little inaccurate. The plasma produces, in the form of heat, 70% of the power heating it. However, that isn’t 70% of the input electrical power. There are efficiency losses between the electrical power fed to the heating systems and the amount of heating power that actually heats the plasma. Likewise, the power produced is in the form of heat, not electricity, and you need to produce a fair bit more heat to compensate for efficiency losses when producing electricity. ITER will not be hooked up to a system to generate electricity from heat. The next reactor that is planned after ITER is DEMO, which is supposed to produce electricity. The UKs STEP reactor is an electricity producing demonstration device scheduled for completion in 2040. Also, ITER will not really be finished in 2025. That’s the first stage, where they can test when they have assembled so far with realtively low performance plasmas. If all looks good they will continue with assembly. The next (thermal) energy producing ITER operations will use a deuterium-tritium fuel mix and aren’t scheduled until around 2035. Even then, no electricity will be produced. DEMO is being designed currently and won’t be online (assuming it ever gets approved) until at least 2050. Many private fusion companies have popped up over the last decade that aim to have electricity producing demonstrator devices in the early 2030s. The faster pace of private companies is a result of incorporating new technologies that either allow the reactors to be built smaller and hence much more quickly, or have some novel approach. Some such technologies weren't around when ITER was being designed, another drawback to the long time it has taken to construct it. The reason ITER is taking so long is, among many other factors, due to its immense size. When it comes to tokamak fusion reactors, building bigger does move you toward more fusion relevant conditions in your plasma, but at the cost of the devices taking longer to be built. New technologies have emerged since ITER started construction, which enable the magnetic field strength of the fusion reactor to be much larger. This also moves the reactor toward more fusion relevant conditions, without having to make it enormously large. Hence you can build such devices much quicker. Hope this was informative! Great video as always.

[@GhostofReason]

Do you think ITER will be irrelevant by the time they are ready for deuterium fueled experiments?

[@nocare]

Thank you, I didn't have to write up basically the same thing. Though I have very strong doubts about every single novel fusion startup as non of them are willing to show accurate simulations of how their system is supposed to work. I hope their investors at least are getting a more behind the scenes look instead of buying into snake oil.

[@StephanTrube]

I found this video very informative on the topic: kzbin.info/www/bejne/gnuXiGSdYpt9n7s My key takeaway: It's about Q, the ratio between power out / power in. We want Q > 1 to harvest energy. We hear numbers like Q = 0.7 like here, but that's misleading. Because there is more than one Q! What ultimately matters is Qtotal, which divides the total amount of electricity gained by all the power needed to run the facility (including cooling, machinery, and whatnot). What's often reportet is a different Q, for example Qplasma. Yes, we might get the plasma to return 70% of the energy we put in, and that's great, but that number ignores cooling and other processes which might consume vastly more energy than the plasma itself. And conversion losses, as you say. The relevant Qtotal is still at or below 0.1 afaik.

[@danieloberhofer9035]

Great summary! Basically you have given "The current State of Fusion research" all in one KZbin comment. I would only like to add one important point on why it takes so long to build ITER: The project, actually dating back to the Reagan presidency (!), was set up to be scientifically profitable to all participating nations. That's why all construction work that could be distributed to different nations was split up that way. In the end, every ITER partner was supposed to have learned everything necessary to build the thing all over again by themselves should they want to. Now take this horribly inefficient distribution that was intentional and add the seemingly unavoidable mismanagement every great project seems to suffer from and you've got one of the main reasons why ITER is delayed by decades and costs billions more than was originally projected.

[@Omen224]

Wasn't the record 10% a decade and a half ago, though?

[@kakashi_senpai042]

As an engineer myself, I absolutely love engineering and all that it has to offer. I love how we use our knowledge and problem solving skills to create something useful and beautiful! This “I Love Engineering” channel is a great example of how engineering can be made entertaining, showing some of the best engineering breakthroughs. It also does a great job highlighting the talented engineers that make up the backbone of our society. It really encourages me to learn more about engineering and stay on top of all the new developments out there. Kudos to this channel!

[@VoodooGMusic]

btw I always find it interesting that in all video animations featuring an object close to the sun, the sun always looks like a big red fireball whereas in reality it would be a white orb so bright it drowns out all other light.

[@danielkorladis7869]

It's amazing how the engineering of the Parker Solar Probe required other engineering projects that are all worthy of "The Insane Engineering of [X]" videos in their own right. Like both from construction and also in experiment design.

[@Mehwhatevr]

Yeah, it’s great that these videos show people why “random” research is important. And who knows what earth shattering technologies might be created with the data we receive from probes like this.

[@alienspecies6872]

I don't wanna say it but it's like anime seasons which get better and better consistently.

[@threethrushes]

Parker space probe: touches sun Icarus: vindicated

[@KVirello]

Under a year after this upload and we have a successful fusion reaction.

[@CatroiOz]

We've had successful fusion reactions since the 50s mate

[@greekmusicetc]

It's crazy how much knowledge you can gain by making such a channel. Brian , you 're a legend

[@ejtamayo5317]

I remember the day it launched. I was at Disney world with my parents and we found out about the launch the day before. Luckily, we were able to see the launch since our hotel wasn't to far from Kennedy space center. I remember waking up at around 2 in the morning with so much excitement and putting on the nasa channel. Then, I saw a big glowing ball which I knew was the rocket. It has been the only rocket launch I've ever seen in person and it was an awesome experience

[@ChinaPower1]

Ewan ko lang kung makakakita ako nyan sa personal... kung na swerte makakasakay man lang sa isang pagkakataon.

[@Twigmf]

Nerd

[@Twigmf]

Jkjk

[@absolutelyfookinnobody2843]

@@Twigmf you know what we have in common? My name, because that what you are

[@martin_taavet]

@@absolutelyfookinnobody2843 I gotta remember this trick for later ngl

[@ileanasemail]

Seeing these miracles of the human mind out there, ready and well able to explore the space for us.....makes us take them all for granted. That's why, watching videos like this is SO FASCINATING and enlightening. Thank you.

[@ozlikatura9407]

𝐒͠𝐩͠𝐞͠𝐜͠𝐢͠𝐚͠𝐥͠ 𝐝͠𝐚͠𝐭͠𝐢͠𝐧͠𝐠͠ 𝐟͠𝐨͠𝐫͠ 𝐲͠𝐨͠𝐮͠➺ sexy-nudegirls.host Anna is a beautiful girl. He's the person I love, he's my light day. The way the music flows and sounds is extravagant and fun. Anna is icon, legend, beautiful girl, princess, inspiration, a star. I could go on and on, understand this. I love NBA Anna.#垃圾

[@bm337]

@@rmejc why?

[@fnln8229]

@@rmejc Troll.

[@ossiehalvorson7702]

@@rmejc If you're worried about it not being real, I'm afraid I've got some bad news for you about the certainty of how "real" we are ourselves, whether on a philosophical or scientific basis.

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

The earth is flat and actually Satan has taken credit for the ball earth thing actually.

[@veematoo]

This is an awesome vid. I had no idea about the probe cup being in the direct line of fire. You got a couple things wrong, but overall, this was a great watch.

[@Acein2056]

Thanks for the well done video. What I liked most about this video is that it wasn't degraded by having to look at someone's face presenting this video.

[@conors4430]

This is the thing I love about exploration, especially when people say, why are we doing this. Not only is it giving us interesting information, but it makes us invent new technology which may just come in useful in every day life in ways we can’t even imagine yet.

[@Balstrome1]

And to invent said tech, we need to train people to think and design, who later can teach others how to think about such things and design better.

[@SgtPotShot]

They act like money and time that goes into space exploration just goes into the void. We can use tech we put into space exploration for uses here in Earth, plus the money goes to people here on Earth

[@datgio4951]

@@SgtPotShot nah shut the hell up you don’t how money is even run in real life 💀💀💀 u needa burst of your bubble

[@stolearovigor281]

You watch cartoons, don't you get it?

[@realtimestatic]

@@SgtPotShot I mean, we all still profit from GPS and so on on satellite images on earth. Some day we might need to get rid of an approaching asteroid and we’ll be happy we have the technology to do so

[@lewismassie]

If anyone was wondering why Parker was flown on a Delta IV Heavy instead of a Falcon Heavy, the Delta Cryogenic Second Stage is a hydrolox stage with a RL-10 engine. The Falcon Heavy uses a kerolox Merlin stage. Rockets have different metrics, so calling one 'most powerful' is a big dishonest. Essentially, the hydrolox stage has a greater throw weight over long distance. FH can lift more to LEO than DIVH, but when you are talking interplanetary missions FH starts to lose out

[@ozlikatura9407]

𝐒͠𝐩͠𝐞͠𝐜͠𝐢͠𝐚͠𝐥͠ 𝐝͠𝐚͠𝐭͠𝐢͠𝐧͠𝐠͠ 𝐟͠𝐨͠𝐫͠ 𝐲͠𝐨͠𝐮͠➺ sexy-nudegirls.host Anna is a beautiful girl. He's the person I love, he's my light day. The way the music flows and sounds is extravagant and fun. Anna is icon, legend, beautiful girl, princess, inspiration, a star. I could go on and on, understand this. I love NBA Anna.#垃圾

[@Tim_88524]

This is true for a (partially) reusable Falcon Heavy launch, but a fully expendable Falcon Heavy can still send more mass than the Delta IV Heavy in high dV missions even though it is less efficient.

[@facon4233]

Plus there is the fact that Delta is more reliable. Falcon heavy is very new rocket, so if you want to put a 10 billion dollar telescope that launch cost doesn't even make a dent.

[@lewismassie]

@@Tim_88524 Expendable FH may _technically_ be capable of a mission like this, but SpaceX will likely never fly FH in that format. They only have 6 or so boosters around these days, they rely on reuse to maintain launch cadence. And that also doesn't take into account the Solid third stage which has never been done on a Falcon family rocket but has been done multiple times on the Delta IV family. There are other factors but they are complex and multi-faceted

[@Tim_88524]

@@facon4233 Parker Solar Probe is only 1.5 billion dollars in total.

[@heywardsanders1680]

Good job, one is growing to understand the outer limits that once talked about. Thanks for the info.

[@tobymax10]

This kind of stuff makes me wildly excited to be an engineer. I’ve got an internship interview today and about 2 more years in college

[@dcchillin4687]

As a machinist I get to work with some of the more "mundane" exotic materials like incolnel and titanium carbide, the processes and materials in this project blew me away. I had no idea.

[@supertuesday600]

Niobium!!!

[@dylanparr6880]

How much does niobium c-103 cost per kilo? I could ask Google, but maybe you could give me a more informed answer...🤔🧐

[@neiljohnson9686]

I get to work with stainless steel, so there.😝

[@strxwberri1031]

@@dylanparr6880 ~£190-250/kilo for pure c-103 alloy. It's not exactly mundane, pretty specialist in fact, bcus it's only rly used in launch vehicles (rockets, spacecraft, jets..)

[@stolearovigor281]

Lol sure you did

[@Haagimus]

My favorite moment in this video was definitely the infrared imagery on the Parker solar probes last pass into the sun's coronosphere! That part when the Milky Way pans across is so beautiful! Thank you so much for sharing this for everyone to enjoy! 🥰 🤯

[@DIYAmateurHour]

Mine too. Seeing the Milky Way in black and white but also from that close to the sun was remarkable

[@himankan]

India's Aditya L1 mission was launched to lagrange L1 point with similar objectives. This is a great opportunity for ISRO and NASA to share and compile data.

[@ZMacZ]

9:18 Loving the heat shield though. With a few of those we can pick up glider landing for cargo ships into orbit again. No need to break speed, just let the heat shield handle it.

[@leonhill8447]

I absolutely love how versatile (weird) carbon is. A carbon-carbon composite just sounds like non-sense but it's a legit engineering composite with very special properties. Amazing! Great video as always.

[@slcpunk2740]

Don't talk about Carbon like that while it's in the room, you're going to give it a complex.

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

The earth is flat and actually Satan has taken credit for the ball earth thing actually.

[@JonahRoyes]

@@slcpunk2740 ba dum tss

[@GamalKevin]

100 years ago, if you say that we're going to probe the sun, people will think you're daydreaming. It's really fascinating how quick and how far humanity has progressed in such a relatively short time.

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

The earth is flat and actually Satan has taken credit for the ball earth thing actually.

[@Tubepoacher]

@@jameshenrysmith8426 im sorry but we're gonna have to ask you to leave.

[@kysco]

@@Tubepoacher I wouldn't even worry. He was never here to begin with. :') These people are lost for real.

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

@@kysco ????????

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

@@Tubepoacher ????????

[@tbrwy]

gotta whole animated graphic of the faraday cup..... amazing what an excellent video

[@5786brian]

This is truly unbelievable. It's hard to comprehend

[@ShadowFoxSF]

Humans, as a species, are really good at throwing things with accuracy. We have come up with lots of throwing alternatives to give us more speed, power, distance...such as a long sticks which are used to launch another object (spear. Lacrosse ball. Hockey puck. Etc.) Tension based launchers that can be used to hurl an object (bows and slingshots) I like to think of rockets and just one version of explosion-powered throwing. And with some of these we can adjust the throw "midair" now. We just have to crunch some math to make sure our "throw" is right, because we have reached such ridiculous proportions in our range.

[@user-zb3yl1wu8u]

gets even better when mathematical equations are added ...precision

[@willb4643]

When you consider the insanely complicated maths involved in throwing something accurately given distance, height, wind, movement of the thrower, movement of the recipient etc, it makes just being able to throw a ball to your friend as you're walking down the street a really impressive thing. Throwing that ball to accurately be captured by the gravity of two object 1000s of km away is great but still, throw a ball to your friend and you've pretty much nailed it when considering you haven't fired up a computer to do it for you.

[@ShadowFoxSF]

@@willb4643 human brain does rough calculus on its own. To a degree. We don't have the numbers to go with it in the moment, but you can tell if and about how hard you'll crash into something if you ever end up skidding on the ice. Again the whole throwing a ball to your friend. I'm sure there are other examples...but you get an idea of position, angle, and velocity. On the larger part I love these prediction machines in our skulls.

[@pluspiping]

Humans: We Throw Things

[@Penguinizer1682]

@@pluspipingis that the space aspect?

[@nicstroud]

Aphelion is pronounced app-hee-lee-on as opposed to ay-fee-lee-on. The helion part remains the same just the ap and peri change.

[@disgruntledegghead6923]

That's good to know.

[@fowlerj111]

+

[@EdwardDowner]

Came here to say the same thing. Aphelion is the apoapsis for the sun (Helios), apogee for the Earth (Gaia), and apocynthion/apolune/apselene for the Moon (ouch).

[@MikesTropicalTech]

It could have just been the Irish accent breaking through... :^)

[@slcpunk2740]

Heard of accents?

[@michaelmcwhirter]

I love how we know what materials are needed and how to change those materials to our will when things like lasers wouldn't work. Understanding our world is amazing.

[@jefflyon2020]

Awesome video, well delivered and researched...bravo! There are some clever people working on difficult problems in the aerospace industry with folks cooperating from various nations, what does a brutal war got on exploring our most essential solar/cosmic mass, bringing light, warmth, life and enabling photosythesis?

[@georgecriaris8103]

I was actually part of this in regards to maintaining the sql databases that were part of the launch procedure. Such an amazing feat for human kind!

[@georgecriaris8103]

@yea buddy I was just part of ensuring the launch was successful for some of the systems. I wish I worked at NASA lol.

[@cholasimmons]

How many tables did you need, roughly. Lol

[@this_mfr]

I'm currently learning SQL for my job (using it in relation to IBM Maximo asset management). Would you mind giving some advice on a skills and certification path for SQL databasing? Any recommendations or thoughts on industry demands and requirements?

[@georgecriaris8103]

@@cholasimmons our databases were that big just a few million rows but on the oracle side they had the heavy hitters lll

[@georgecriaris8103]

@@this_mfr I might not be the best to ask lol but I would definitely start with either AWS or Azure certs. A Cloud Guru, Udemy, and KZbin are great places to start. Don't forget everything is going to the cloud so be mindful of that when you see looking into career paths. Cheers buddy wish you the best in your journey!

[@gabeteuton]

thank you KSP for teaching me the basics of orbital mechanics that nowadays provide me with background knowledge to understand parts of this video quite easily. Thank you HarvesteR, and the rest of the team. S2

[@coryverses]

i wholly agree. ksp also did a lot for my understanding of the concept of raising orbit, differing planes etc

[@efulmer8675]

KSP has done wonders for demystifying a lot of rocket science even slightly and as a fellow space enthusiast whose father works in the industry and whose late grandfather worked for NASA for many years, it makes me very excited that space is returning to the purview of the masses.

[@RedNumber19]

I’m a new KSP player and rendezvouses are the worst thing ever

[@gabeteuton]

@@RedNumber19 i finally learned them, specially from Scott Manley, he has lots of tuts, also many other ksp youtubers, once you understand what you are trying to do physically, it'll be a breeze, i felt quite awkward myself after realizing that it was not that hard, but instead i was representing it wrongly in my head.

[@noelka8134]

@@RedNumber19 they're not that hard, you just didn't get it. That's fine, everyone has to go through it.

[@jpridie]

Very informative and exciting to watch well done NASA quite an achievement.

[@keytothegate68]

Finally Great! I ' ve been waiting for it for a million years

[@null090909]

Temperature is a very abstract concept. Especially at such low densities.

[@pablocanovas2779]

Yep, given the densities of the corona i'd bet a block of ice at its melting point has more internal energy, since the density of the corona iirc was in the order of 10^-9 gcm^3

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

The earth is flat and actually Satan has taken credit for the ball earth thing actually.

[@gdxd7956]

@@kevinkarlwurzelgaruti458 Temperature is the measurement of energy transferred from one mass to another. And the total amount of energy transferred depends on how much mass there is, with higher energy, to transfer to the lower energy mass. For example: If you drop a grain of sand from 100 mts. high on your head, you won't even feel it. If you drop a block of 100kg of concrete from 100 mts. high on your head, it will kill you. Both the grain of sand and the block start with the SAME energy LEVEL (like saying they start with the same temperature level). But the block has WAY more energy MASS that will transfer to you. So, more density means more total amount of energy available to affect the lower energy mass. Now, in the corona of the sun, the energy mostly comes from radiation. The radiation density is VERY high. And the particle density is very low. That's why simply hiding behind a heat shield (which is a bad name, it's actually a radiation shield) is enough to protect the ship. Because there is no mass around it that carries any energy. And rays only go straight, and don't bend around the shield. If there were a substantial amount of mass, it would go around the shield and transfer a lot of energy in a very short time, enough to raise the energy level of the ship's mass, to a point were it would break or melt. There is mass in the corona, but it is very little (low density) so the total amount of energy transferred to the ship is small, and it doesn't raise the ship's energy too much.

[@bokiNYC]

@@gdxd7956 Very well said, thanks for the explanation.

[@Dimitar7]

How gorgeous your video format is boggles my mind! The video is so well-written, shot and edited. Keep it up, your work matters!

[@CyberScifi]

This is a huge, interesting mission for me. Especially it's closest approach. Speeds near 1/2 a million miles/hr are predicted. That is amazing. Makes all other spacecraft launches and their speeds a laughable thing in comparison. Note: Looking forward to the "Sundiver: Telescope" the fastest telescope in history (1 million miles per hour + ) heading to the Sun's gravitation lense. And 1000's of au's beyond!!!

[@TS_Mind_Swept]

The sun is kind of a mood to be honest, impossibly hot in the surrounding area, but on the surface it's nice and warm; only those few willing to wether and break through the exterior layer will get to experience how pleasant the interior really is

[@capapofa]

"Nice and warm" * vaporizes instantly *

[@TS_Mind_Swept]

@@capapofa *likes own comment

[@capapofa]

@@TS_Mind_Swept i'll like this one too

[@TS_Mind_Swept]

@@capapofa go ahead, keep saying what kind of person you are

[@capapofa]

@@TS_Mind_Swept bro why tf are u like this what did i say that offended you 💀💀💀

[@mrwjs]

This video was amazingly informative. I'm awed by the scientist and engineers who make space exploration possible.

[@ozlikatura9407]

𝐒͠𝐩͠𝐞͠𝐜͠𝐢͠𝐚͠𝐥͠ 𝐝͠𝐚͠𝐭͠𝐢͠𝐧͠𝐠͠ 𝐟͠𝐨͠𝐫͠ 𝐲͠𝐨͠𝐮͠➺ sexy-nudegirls.host Anna is a beautiful girl. He's the person I love, he's my light day. The way the music flows and sounds is extravagant and fun. Anna is icon, legend, beautiful girl, princess, inspiration, a star. I could go on and on, understand this. I love NBA Anna.#垃圾

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

The earth is flat and Satan has taken credit for the ball earth thing actually.

[@josephraffurty9293]

I very much appreciate the education you provide in your videos!

[@ozlikatura9407]

𝐒͠𝐩͠𝐞͠𝐜͠𝐢͠𝐚͠𝐥͠ 𝐝͠𝐚͠𝐭͠𝐢͠𝐧͠𝐠͠ 𝐟͠𝐨͠𝐫͠ 𝐲͠𝐨͠𝐮͠➺ sexy-nudegirls.host Anna is a beautiful girl. He's the person I love, he's my light day. The way the music flows and sounds is extravagant and fun. Anna is icon, legend, beautiful girl, princess, inspiration, a star. I could go on and on, understand this. I love NBA Anna.#垃圾

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

The earth is flat and actually Satan has taken credit for the ball earth thing actually.

[@rohan7382]

@@jameshenrysmith8426 nonsense 😂

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

@@rohan7382 The Devil's planning a free stuff carnival mall in another dimension after all (Disclaimer: Don't take the Devil's deals. The Devil is evil. All at your own risk!). I was waiting for something to disprove atheism with!

[@Bluefalcon6154]

You and your team is truly amazing great work

[@theauggieboygamer9148]

0:56 Thermosphere: “Am I a joke to you?”

[@evinvestfuture7440]

Absolutely bonkers! The expertise and sheer hours spent on this mission, and the amount of evolution taken to get to this point, is truly mind-melting!

[@witchdoctor6502]

This mission was badass since the start when Delta IV lit itself on fire as a tribute and got even crazier from there. Can't wait for the next passes and what data the probe delivers.

[@ozlikatura9407]

𝐒͠𝐩͠𝐞͠𝐜͠𝐢͠𝐚͠𝐥͠ 𝐝͠𝐚͠𝐭͠𝐢͠𝐧͠𝐠͠ 𝐟͠𝐨͠𝐫͠ 𝐲͠𝐨͠𝐮͠➺ sexy-nudegirls.host Anna is a beautiful girl. He's the person I love, he's my light day. The way the music flows and sounds is extravagant and fun. Anna is icon, legend, beautiful girl, princess, inspiration, a star. I could go on and on, understand this. I love NBA Anna.#垃圾

[@richardr3178]

Very informative video. Thanks for the great presentation!

[@brad7141]

by far the most interesting video i seen this year.

[@FrankPCarpi]

I was very proud to hear that you chose Ultramet as your source of carbon foam refractory materials for the heat shield. I started my career in chemistry in 1996 at Ultramet (however it was a sister company initially operating in the facility in Sun Valley CA).

[@sabiha_.]

I can't explain how much I waited for this Thank you so much real engineering Ur insanely smart.

[@irfanahmed1612]

Sup ashik

[@ozlikatura9407]

𝐒͠𝐩͠𝐞͠𝐜͠𝐢͠𝐚͠𝐥͠ 𝐝͠𝐚͠𝐭͠𝐢͠𝐧͠𝐠͠ 𝐟͠𝐨͠𝐫͠ 𝐲͠𝐨͠𝐮͠➺ sexy-nudegirls.host Anna is a beautiful girl. He's the person I love, he's my light day. The way the music flows and sounds is extravagant and fun. Anna is icon, legend, beautiful girl, princess, inspiration, a star. I could go on and on, understand this. I love NBA Anna.#垃圾

[@loboalamo]

Wow! I was looking for this for a long time! And today here it is a year later.

[@colinsurette601]

It’s so cool how hot the sun can be even when it’s winter!

[@MuscarV2]

Been a Nebula subscriber for a long time and absolutely love it, very excited for the new series! This was a really interesting video too, superb work as always!

[@niconicoshi]

hey, they have subtitles on everything?

[@erikketelhut3722]

Great video as always. I have just one issue with it: you said the process of changing the altitude of apoapsis or periapsis was named a Hohmann transfer. This is not true. A Hohmann transfer is the combination of two of the maneuvers you described, performed with the goal of elevating or lowering the orbital altitude as a whole. i.e. going from a 450km(Apoapsis) x 400km(Periapsis) orbit to a 1200km x 1100km orbit could be achieved via Hohmann transfer, going from a 450km x 400km orbit to a 450km x 800km orbit could not, as that can be done in one maneuver. The defining characteristic of a Hohmann transfer is that it consists of two maneuvers, done sequentially at opposite points in the orbit, both of which are either prograde or retrograde.

[@Erkaz]

Years spent playing Kerbal was really worth it

[@teejayaich4306]

This sort of content is really important IMHO - to keep people hopeful and optimistic at a time when so many things point at potential disaster (anti-fact conspiracy theories and politicians, spreading violence, climate change, etc)

[@somtoobienu5081]

This is so amazingly difficult that it should be impossible. Congratulations to the team that made this possible!

[@dsdw30]

It is impossible! Just like the idea the earth is a spinning ball hurling through infinite outer space chasing the sun! The earth does not move, it is fixed in place. The sun is not a ball of fire. It’s time to wake up and see the truth. Earth is flat with contour. There is absolutely zero measurable curvature.

[@nuntana2]

Yep. Still reckon they should've done it in winter when the sun is cool lol.

[@lividboar]

@@nuntana2 or they could've gone at night

[@toasterhavingabath6980]

@@lividboar what about winter at night? (this is a joke.)

[@AnythingMachine]

At maximum speed it could cross the entire island of Britain in about 3 seconds

[@sabiha_.]

JSJSHE

[@lanorothwolf2184]

Lengthwise?

[@AnythingMachine]

@@lanorothwolf2184 at 163 km/s it would take 2.97s to cross the UK width

[@ozlikatura9407]

𝐒͠𝐩͠𝐞͠𝐜͠𝐢͠𝐚͠𝐥͠ 𝐝͠𝐚͠𝐭͠𝐢͠𝐧͠𝐠͠ 𝐟͠𝐨͠𝐫͠ 𝐲͠𝐨͠𝐮͠➺ sexy-nudegirls.host Anna is a beautiful girl. He's the person I love, he's my light day. The way the music flows and sounds is extravagant and fun. Anna is icon, legend, beautiful girl, princess, inspiration, a star. I could go on and on, understand this. I love NBA Anna.#垃圾

[@zachariahgoh856]

The atmosphere of the Sun being the hottest part could be due to the fact solar flares and radiation are launched up so the atmosphere gets more heating than the "surface" as the heat giving out by the core of the Sun dissipates as it moves up so the "surface" is not actually that hot.

[@somedude4805]

This is so unbelievably cool. What a time to be alive and witness such things. Icarus would be jealous.

[@ryanfitzy1083]

This was truly an amazing video. You did a tremendous job telling it in great detail. And I see you've got like another million subs. Congrats on a great channel. Keep them coming. And thankyou for sharing.

[@BamigboyeAdeboye]

I am a Nigerian mechanical engineering (not a scammer ) student, and I have been watching your channel for about 4 years now, and with every video I watch I think more and more as a real engineer , So thank you. Ps the insane engineering series is the best thing since sliced bread thanks.

[@mmukulkhedekar4752]

lmao why did you have to mention "not a scammer"

[@krpticspawn7069]

@@mmukulkhedekar4752 well cause most peeps assume Nigerians are scammers soo yea lol

[@BADVlBES]

(Not a scammer) 😂

[@pvtcmyers87]

Absolutely fantastic video good sir!

[@Rubmaster]

I love it when exotic materials are used for science and purpose, not glorified objects of wealth. This satellite with its instruments are beyond amazing! Well done scientists! 👏

[@DazePhase]

The engineering behind this probe is trully amazing. Great achievement!

[@bijulithapa3944]

Nothing was achieved, except deception

[@rumanda36]

Magnificent engineering, some of us never thought we’d see the day something like this could be achieved.

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

Because it's not possible. The earth is flat and actually Satan has taken credit for the ball earth thing.

[@5446isnotmynumber]

Engineering is why god left us, we shouldve never ate the fruit of knowledge

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

@@5446isnotmynumber God didn't leave humanity.

[@5446isnotmynumber]

@@jameshenrysmith8426 Is the earth really flat?

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

@@5446isnotmynumber Not sure how they deal with Antarctica if it is.

[@DaveRyan-oy8ig]

Finally touched it. Havent watched the video yet. Can't wait, tell me ASAP was it wet

[@RUDHUNTER]

Greetings to you,mine of concept,once again.Thank you,Rudy,for safe flights,deep space travels,and long term established missions.May God bless you for this protection.👏🏾😉😊

[@gabedarrett1301]

Please do a video on small nuclear reactors, especially thorium reactors. Excellent content, as always!

[@kenkeller]

Absolutely stunning stuff, as per usual. Easily one of the most interesting, best curated channel on the scientific side of KZbin.

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

The earth is flat and actually Satan has taken credit for the ball earth thing actually.

[@paperclip9558]

I had no idea the probe operates that close to the sun. I thought it was much further away. That is one hell of accomplishment.

[@michalversluis8676]

Starting to understand the "aw' in awesome.

[@Theminecraftian772]

Great video with great information. And the narration is perfect for speeding up to 2X to save time. I'm really excited about this kind of heat deflection technology and sun approaching probes. It's one step closer to star lifting, something that could, if we crack it, could pave the way for space bases and solar collection mega structures. (I just realized that the plans of most orbital solar collectors rely on setting up mercury and mining it out to get material, but if we can start star lifting before that, it would save a lot of time and resources.)

[@danthemanx999]

This is beyond fascinating. I remember when they offered "The hot ticket" back in 2018. Time flies.

[@paradox_productions]

The face I made when I heard the word “Niobium” for the first time 😂 This is an amazing video dude

[@Robbydeath]

i built the tubes that hold up part of this in the center column. carbon fiber with resins laid at certain angles then cured to harden, ultra strong, ultra light.

[@lodovico95]

Being an engineering enthusiast, I am so lucky to have people like you who continuosly post amazing informative videos like this one, and many more. Never stop, you are the best! Greetings from Switzerland!

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

The earth is flat and actually Satan has taken credit for the ball earth thing actually.

[@thekilla2885]

@@jameshenrysmith8426 No such thing as STAN.

[@jameshenrysmith8426]

@@thekilla2885 Satan's next offer is money for soul at his amusement park (Disclaimer: Don't take any of Satan's deals. All at your own risk.).

[@jomiar309]

I knew the probe was innovative, but I didn't realize all that went into it! That's awesome! Also, fusion power is pretty neat, but we have fission power right now that is essentially boundless power. Heck, we can even recycle the fuel and create more fuel than we use. All that technology has been demonstrated for decades, and yet we still romanticize the much more technically difficult, energy hungry fusion. Kinda weird.

[@sean_miller]

Everyone's afraid of fission. Meanwhile, they're trying to solve issues with carbon emissions by building inefficient and costly wind and solar farms when the real solution is right in front of their noses. It's like they WANT global warming.

[@randomlyentertaining8287]

Natural human desire to do better. When we broke the sound barrier, we went "nah, not good enough" and doubled then tripled that speed.

[@Astrofrank]

Amazing video, thank you.

[@ObiWanCannabi]

the real weird thing about orbital mechanics is the parker solar probe is both the fastest travelling satellite we have sent out and it is the slowest to orbit the sun, so from a solar perspective it is the slowest, while being the fastest thing to move, like the more energy you put into something the slower it moves relative to the star as you get further and further away, voyager 1 and 2 are technically the fastest we have made something move yet they move the slowest around the sun

[@mikiqex]

I usually don't have the attention span required for a 20 min YT video. Not this time. What an excellent job!

[@02markcal]

I agree, this was so fascinating, I was mesmerized by the bright scientific minds behind it.

[@l88ch3r]

That solar furnace looks amazing! I want to see a video on that! Great video.

[@Just_Sara]

Me too, I didn't even know it existed until now.

[@TomTom-cm2oq]

Awesome video! Thanks for this!!

[@wolfshanze5980]

We just need to send more probes to Uranus.

[@greywolf6443]

It's so mind bogglingt and humbling how far we as a species have come in our knowledge and our drive for even more knowledge.

[@hazardeur]

and while we certainly have amassed a lot of knowledge, we are unfortunately not very smart as we cannot solve a lot more basic problems here on earth

[@user-pg7cx9wo1m]

Absolute lies

[@deep.space.12]

The scientists and engineers who worked so hard to design a probe that could touch the sun must be disappointed to know that nowadays they could just walk outside their homes to collect particles of corona.

[@xiphactinusaudax1045]

ha ha

[@arivaldodeoliveira5700]

She must must get closer to know more.

[@matheussanthiago9685]

oof

[@slcpunk2740]

This would have been funny except Corona is both a beer and a cigar. You could always get particles of Corona.

[@xiphactinusaudax1045]

@@slcpunk2740 I think he meant the virus

[@OutlawBuck6464]

Just an update about being far away from having successful fusion power on dec. 5th, for the first time, they were able to get more energy in return then they pumped into it making it the first positive fusion reaction

[@TheGat2012]

Kerbal Space Program taught me everything about basic orbital mechanics... Can't wait for KSP2