The Late Roman Army - Reforms, Strategy and Class System of the 4th Century

[@bretalvarez3097]

That Late Roman drip was simply unmatched.

[@American-Royarch]

I've been saying this.

[@EF97_227]

T’was

[@fuferito]

I gotta say, The late Imperial gear, specifically the helmet with wider cheek guards that still allowed an ear opening, added a nose guard, and retained a vestigial neck guard, looks so awesome.

[@magimon91834]

Late Roman aesthetic is the best

[@fuxihutterer8088]

i heard they got it from germanic helmets

[@robertvermaat2124]

@@fuxihutterer8088 Persian helmets actually. And what we have perceived as 'Germanic helmets' (the spangenhelm) developed along the lower Danude first, and then through the Eastern Roman Empire, to .

[@ansibarius4633]

​@@magimon91834 Completely different vibes as compared to earlier Antiquity. Partly classical, partly medieval, and even some hints of later Renaissance attire. Almost as if you could pick them up and drop them at any given point in the period 1-1500 and they'd always be able to blend in.

[@bradleyeric14]

That system was the bridge between the ancient and the medieval, the imperial and the feudal.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

very true

[@MarceloHenriqueSoaresdaSilva]

Altrought the early to middle republican army was an militia levy too

[@leeroyloke8415]

@@ImperiumRomanumYT Any chance your group could also prepare a new Warrior Series video showing us the arms and armour of the Late Roman Army? Like with @bradleyeric14's post, I've been interested in how the Late Roman Army's weapons and tactics and the late Roman period's clothing styles appear to be the missing link between the classic Roman styles and the medieval period. For the former (the Late Roman Army's weapons and tactics) it's like a look into the final examples of a large, professional army in Western Europe before the fall of the Western Roman Empire led to a regression of professional military organisation in Western Europe due to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire's large logistics and military support system to create and maintain large, standing professional armies.

[@jai-kk5uu]

That's doesn't seem good. So this system was the bad thing that led the downfall of imperial citizenship system to feudalism?

[@Mostspecialusername]

a notion many people don't see is that feudalism has its roots as much (if not more) in the roman empire social structure than it has in the germanic invaders.

[@ChaptermasterPedroKantor-kv5yw]

About time the Late Roman Army got some love too.

[@robruss62]

Constantine's army in the wars with Maximian, Licinius and Iminric was every bit as lethal as those of Trajan and Augustus. Even under Valentinian I it was as capable. Not till Theodosius diluted it did its quality begin to suffer, and it was still capable of holding its own when not ineptly led or squandered

[@pendantblade6361]

I 100% appreciate your work on other channels but man, did I miss you guys!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

thanks a lot man, means a lot, we'd like to think our script writing and research sets us apart as well haha

[@ultrasuperkiller]

What other channels? WHAT OTHER CHANNELS?!!!?!?!!!

[@chrispy804]

​@@ultrasuperkiller invicta is one I know of

[@chrispy804]

Yes, i was worried you'd given up on this channel. I'm glad to have you back!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

still alive and kicking, just kicking a bit less frequent :P

[@kingpoxy2289]

@@ImperiumRomanumYT Life

[@MarceloHenriqueSoaresdaSilva]

The Roman army always changed and was pragmatic, so nothing new, it is really amusing that some folk thinks that they should forever use Segmentata when not even in the principate was used by the majority of legionaries, good video exposing the reality of that time and the army.

[@Lira-j4g]

Results over feelings. Late empire was pathetic

[@rc59191]

I thought the segmentata offered better protection than chainmail?

[@s0cc451]

​@@rc59191 True, but also requires skill worker to make, and maintain. Changing to chains and scales is simply a practical, economical and tactical matter. Chains are easy to maintain, same as scales, if one broke off just patch it. Segmentata also restrict movement and would be uncomfortable to wear for a long time. Other than that is the shift in tactic. Smaller armies, fast movement, pitch battle and skirmish requires mobility that the heavier armors couldn't, especially when the Roman are on the defense most of the time against faster more cunning foes.

[@majungasaurusaaaa]

@@Lira-j4g The late empire would mop the floor in combat with the mid imperial one in a civ war.

[@ManiusCuriusDenatus]

The Last Legionary: Life as a Roman Soldier in Britain AD400 by Paul Elliott. This is a great book.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

agreed!

[@ManiusCuriusDenatus]

​@@ImperiumRomanumYTOne of my favorites.

[@robertvermaat2124]

Absolutely.

[@aleksandarvil5718]

​@@ImperiumRomanumYT My favorite book is _"The Last Legion"_ by Valerio Massimo Manfredi !!! Approved ❤️‍🔥 !!!

[@christophmahler]

Fine introduction into 4th-5th century _Romanized_ political and military culture. Tasteful and plausible reconstruction and illustration of contemporary gear - a proper use of re-enactment replica and educational stagecraft.

[@ManiusCuriusDenatus]

You have been missed. Thanks for posting!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks a lot! Great to see so much support and happiness in the comments :D

[@maapaa2010]

Fascinating, seems that my understanding of the Roman military in the late empire is quite incomplete. The Romans had a knack for social class, it's the reason that the senators were able to climb the rungs of court both military and bureaucratic and eventual Caesar came from such. Though, as once the emperor did rule for hundreds of years and all people in the empire were made Roman citizens, it does make me wonder then regarding social class in the late empire. Based on my understanding, wealth and status were things that depicted of social hierarchy were accounted for in Rome by aristocratic families. In medieval society those closet to the king, were seen as those of the highest social class and wealthy. Given that words such as Duke, Count etc came from the late Roman Empire, perhaps such a system was in place too but with the emperor.

[@davidhughes8357]

Excellent as always and indispensable for those of us who study the late Roman military. The in depth detail is amazing. Again thank you so much.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

thanks a lot, great to hear the complexity is appreciated, this one was a hard one for us as well haha

[@ImperatorIke573]

This video is just what I needed for my Late Roman Cavalry character! Keep up the great work! IMPERIVM EXVLTI!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

beter get your notebook then!

[@lyvras]

RIP Juan

[@fpassow1]

I love the lamp. Always happy to see historical lighting technologies.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

haha yeah the lamp is a nice touch eh, it's (of course) a historical replica of that time period as well, unfortunate it just burned like crazy in one of the scenes haha but oh well, it's there and it's accurate

[@ecgwineicling2543]

burning the wick at both... or six out of six ends I see...

[@robertvermaat2124]

It's a great lamp, although it was a bit precarious in this instance - getting up fast was out of the question 😁😁😁

[@timhills1330]

God speed, Juan . These videos are the best. Thanks for all the hard work you do to make them.

[@martyn8116]

I have missed this channel so much. Welcome back! Great to see you, my friend 👍

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks a lot Martyn, great to see all the support and rejoice in the comments :D

[@robo5013]

Was thinking about you guys a few days ago. Glad to see you still working to produce both informative and quality videos.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Try thinking about us more often, perhaps it will trigger us again to post something, you never know ;P

[@robo5013]

@@ImperiumRomanumYT 👍

[@RanHarasaki]

Same dude!

[@cazperzero]

So all the discourse I've heard/read about the Comitatenses and Limitanei have always been Field Army and Border Army respectively. However, once you pointed out that they received land for farming/production/income in lieu of payment, and their fixed positions in the empire, I immediately thought of local psudo-knights, with the proto-fiefs that allowed them to maintain themselves. The beginnings of the knightly class.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

indeed, it puts things in a different perspective eh? And yeah, there's so many little things that blended into the feudal era

[@nurietabezos4159]

Yes, owning land was a luxury (still is 😅)

[@AlexVictorianus]

I think, the relative neglect of limitanei compared to comitatenses was a big mistake. It's limitanei, who had to stop invaders quickly. Sometimes it was too late, until the main army arrived. See the crossing of the Rhine 407 AD. Once the invaders had overcome the border, the way was free to sack major cities. Roman field armies were often unreliable due to consistent rmutinies and civil wars.

[@histguy101]

Those borders had been stripped of troops to fight off an invasion of Italy

[@toade1583]

The Limitanei were not the main defence though. That was the Comitatenses. The Limitanei used their forts to hold the line until the highly mobile Comitatenses troops came in to help them push invaders back and it worked pretty well.

[@uFlock]

Thank you :) I hope you will keep making videos!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks a lot! With more people like you, we will haha. But no worries for now, we've got another couple in the pipeline for next year

[@JohnWick_897]

This is it! I so much wanted to see non-classical Roman history and military 🤩. Love this video so much!!

[@leeroyloke8415]

Thank you so much for covering the Late Roman Army! ❤ I've recently been interested in this usually overlooked part of Roman military history due to the more defensive doctrine of this period. Plus, it presents a nice visual change to refer to in a fictional, classical fantasy setting if anyone wasn't to avoid the over-used Imperial Roman Army signature media looks.

[@robertvermaat2124]

We've been trying to get it to be less overlooked, with success over the past 20 years Ican say. Films like this will help very much with the spread of correct information.

[@MarcusAgrippa390]

I'm so happy that you guys came back I could drink a gallon of Garum... I thought you guys had abandoned the channel and almost unsubscribed but fortunately I didn't. Anyway thanks for the video!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Hi Marcus, it has been very busy for us lately, we are not stopping any time soon but we are forced to slow down production, but as I said, we will continue!

[@RanHarasaki]

You guys are probably the only channel that rivals Townsends in terms of gear, atmosphere and presentation. You're KILLING it! Don't give up!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks a lot man, as long as our viewer base stays patient with us and rewards us with decent viewing numbers we will continue. We hope we can!

[@sstvost9]

Really enjoy the way you touch on the historiography in this one. Very high quality content!

[@troydodson9641]

By far, my favorite period in Roman history. Late Antiquity, and brought to us by high-quality men. Would that the whole world be blessed with appropriate costume and extensive knowledge

[@Widsith83]

Welcome back and thanks!⚔️👍

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks, hope it was worth the wait :p

[@Widsith83]

@ImperiumRomanumYT It was!

[@TomD888]

Another excellent video, thank you! The reenactment really brings it to life. Looking forward to the next one 🙂

[@Carmen_ban2922]

Perfect!! Very nice explaination and superb images of personal attire and weaponry of Late Roman Armies! Congrats!!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks Carmen!

[@christopherevans2445]

You guys do a amazing job and get to be as close as being a Roman as you can be. Collecting Roman coins is a love of mine and way to feel closer to the past. Do any of you have or collect Roman coins?

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks a lot Christopher, that's so great to hear :D. Indeed one of us has a significant collection; Marc the presentor of this video. His interest and collection was actually what prompted us to make a video about Roman coins, have you seen it? For us coin-lovers it's actually one of our most favorite videos

[@christopherevans2445]

@ImperiumRomanumYT yes I did see that video. Thanks again for all your work

[@WendussyDynamics]

Another excellent production. Greatly appreciated.

[@luisaceves9709]

I loved the authenticity and the overall video was amazing! Thank you for your hard work and Glory to Rome!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

And thank YOU for supporting us on Patreon!

[@sethleoric2598]

I know this isn't really a high bar to jump these days but this is better than anything on History channel

[@blarni9034]

Such gorgeous kit. If only dramatic screen adaptations of the era paid attention...

[@jdawg1548]

Credit where credit is due, amazing work on the historical uniform and armor lads

[@MikeVogel22]

Great episode! RIP Juan.

[@TheHistorian5]

Great video! Such much work for documentation I'm sure!

[@castiron9002]

Please do more late Roman videos

[@ericponce8740]

Great video. Especially showing how people of the Late Roman Empire dressed.

[@ultor7654]

As always amazing documentary, thank you so much for sharing!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks, and you're welcome :)

[@thegroovee]

Thank you for putting this amazing video out there. We all really appreciate it!!

[@rosskourtis9602]

This is excellent. You have my subscription. Keep up the good work!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks a lot!

[@JD-mo9sr]

I'm glad to see you're still making video's. I always found the Romans fascinating and you bring them to life. I've come to realize that the Romans started making the early feudal system as their Empire was on the verge of collapse. I'm a bit confused on the 4th century military system. So the auxilia and legion are now the same (working in the same rank and file)?

[@rodrigo.p9300]

Excellent, as always.

[@haydencrawford8552]

Finally a video about the late roman class system. I would also like to see something about the Protostates hybrid spear/bow infantry used against the persians during Heraclius's reign

[@DanielD-no1gp]

Good Video And welcome back Also learning Latin now 👍

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks Daniel, good to be back :). And good luck with your latin!

[@InterrogatorchaplainAsmodai]

Great to see you guys back!

[@ladygrey7425]

Gods, I love the look of the transitional period, which was late antiquity/early medieval. It's an era that's so overlooked and understudied, especially as influential as it was later on in the High Medieval Period

[@BraveGisgo]

BEST CHANNEL OUT THERE LETSGOOOO

[@stevereade4858]

Great info ... well presented! Thank you, I enjoyed it!

[@ReviveHF]

Imperial Italic Helmets and Lorica Segmentata were probably still in very limited use up by the most elite soldiers up until the death of Emperor Majorian. By that time Lorica Hamata, Lorica Segmentata, Spangenhelm and Ridge Helmets were the norm.

[@adamdavies1068]

Excellent!! I live for your videos guys

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

haha thanks mate!

[@morgan97475]

Very informative video. Love the uniforms & armor.

[@BSdetected]

I had long wondered about the late roman rank of master general… thanks for that gem. Good job

[@oTHARKUNo]

Late to the party, but also want to say: glad to see you're still making content

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

late is no crime on this channel, as you can tell ;P

[@Wi3rzb0]

nice to see a new video from you! ❤

[@xilefh8585]

Thank you for that nice Video and RIP to your friend

[@nikbear]

Fantastic looking video, a joy to watch 👌

[@Diego-fx3ud]

Nice work as always

[@Medievaltroubador]

Fantastic video. I love the Late Empire!

[@UltorCXXVIII]

Amazing documentary, you are breathtaking militis!

[@user-uq7io2os3r]

Long wait but worthed 👍many thx for yet another great video 👍

[@maapaa2010]

So glad your back!!!!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

We were never gone, just a bit slow ;p

[@Yacovo]

Thanks for the video

[@LuizfTri99]

Vídeo magnífico...foi realmente muito bem feito, parabéns pelo trabalho SPQR❤ Me tornei mais um inscrito

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Muito obrigado amigo, bom ouvir temos fãs fora de países de língua inglesa :)

[@h0rn3d_h1st0r1an]

I unironically prefer the fashion and armor of The Late Romans. There's something so cool about them. You're on the edge of the middle ages, but you still have glimpses of the ancient past. The Roman gods are mostly forgotten; when devotees of the pantheon fought with gladiuses in lorica segmentas, changed to die-hard christians with broad spathas and lorica squamatas and chain mail.

[@YuddhaVeera]

The late ones look like poor illegitimate progeny of Romans and barbarians.

[@Hauptmann_Rudolf.Rudi.Winkler]

I love this Channel so much! Could you make a Video about the Roman Army of the Third Century Crisis?🇨🇭❤

[@gabrielinostroza4989]

Wonderful video, and glory to your fallen comrades

[@antoniobautista6718]

Dang, finally seeing another great piece on the Late Roman Army! It's a shame that Western Europe couldn't keep the equipment standards of the Late Roman Army, but it makes sense since Africa was already out of the Western sphere, and the Late Roman Army was still a very effective yet very expensive (despite the optimization of equipment) military force to maintain and needed centralization and especially African grain to maintain. Besides that, great video, keep up the good work! ❤🔥

[@arturleperoke3205]

ROMA INVICTA! Finally another video - thank you soooo much

[@michaelporzio7384]

Thanks!

[@michaelporzio7384]

Welcome back, Caesar rests easy knowing you still stand ready to protect the Empire.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks a lot again Michael! Caesar can rely on us for much longer, but we've had an extremely busy year so things have slowed down quite a bit unfortunately, but still here :)

[@michaelporzio7384]

@@ImperiumRomanumYT extremely busy in a good way hopefully. Tiberius and Germanicus were ready to send some legions out to go looking for you guys! 😃

[@johanalitalo8331]

👋 I thought that you gave up on this channel. Glad to have you back. 😊 Liked especially the look on the late roman soldiers.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

We are glad you did not give up on us Johana, we are still here:). However we are forced to slow down production due to multiple circumstances, but dont worry, we aint going anywhere!

[@derrickbonsell]

One thing that always gets ignored in the Romanocentric view of history is that the enemies of Rome were generally more capable in the 4th and 5th centuries than they were in any time since Augustus. The Parthians were replaced by the more capable and wealthy Sassanids. The Germanic tribes were more organized and recipients of decades of Roman trade in weapons and armor. Finally the nomads were picking up in intensity again, with the Huns ending up being the most consequential and destructive. Rome could no longer function as it did in the time of Trajan or Marcus Aurelius and thus expecting the army to remain static is absurd.

[@ladygrey7425]

Absolutely this. The Empire was no longer facing scattered tribes of perhaps a few thousand men at most. They were facing down large kingdoms like Sassanid Iran and well-organized massive confederations like the Franks (who ended up becoming the most successful Western successor state, Francia)

[@antoniotorcoli5740]

Great video

[@tilllindelman265]

Next video byzant army?

[@ShengWee]

Excellent video

[@carelessforester7140]

Roma Invicta! This video is impressive

[@Nick-hi9gx]

Roman historian here, though not specializing in this period. There are a few small mistakes in your explanations of auxilia and the dispensation of troops. Auxilia from beyond the Roman border were still recruited and utilized as auxilia, and were relied on heavily during the Crisis of the Third Century. That is really where the distinction broke down, not Caracalla's edict. During the successions of emperors, especially the Barracks Emperors and all of the short-lived attempted usurpers from the death of Caracalla until Diocletian, non-citizen soldiers often attached themselves to the armies of this or that would-be emperor. But, as the video said, the culture of Roman lands had blended to be Gallo-Roman or Ibero-Roman, Syriac Romans, and beyond those were non-citizen Romanized tribes, peoples, whole civilization who still had individuals which sought Roman citizenship. The Romans always had hegemonic control of at least some groups beyond their borders, unless they were facing chaos internally. And this system is just a continuation of what the dispensation of troops had been along the limes of Rome; sub-divisions of legions would be peeled off to serve garrison duty alongside the auxilia. The system of limitanei really just solidified what had been happening along the Roman borders for centuries into a single "arm" of the military. Comitatus really means something like "assembled men" but either very close personally or in proximity to the general, very close to the later feudal household guards or the later Eastern Roman manorial retinues. OR (and probably closely related to) the companions (hetairoi) of Macedonian and later Greek royal households, usually the most elite cavalry or shock infantry. But by the period it became an official designation, it was clearly used to mean a much larger force. The comes of each usurper, when beaten, would also be absorbed and dispersed, redeployed under another member of the royal family, or an officer they had extreme faith in, but the goal was to keep the troops not directly in the hands of the emperor mostly small forces meant to hold long enough for the emperor, or someone he may have chosen, to come with the field army and win the glory. Who got these small victories would eventually snowball as the Tetrarchy fell completely apart. Keeping the two largely apart was done on purpose. Because when they didn't, generals got big heads. As evidenced by a century in which three massive, powerful dynasties rose, and fell (well, ok little bit more than century for the third to fall) through civil wars against other generals who had gained the diadem through usurpation, or successfully managed to stop that very thing from happening to them. Twice, for the Theodosians. If you have an army, even a small one, with veterans, fairly elite troops, with heavy equipment and supplies, and they proclaim you emperor...if you have enough name recognition, enough prestige, won some great victories, the limitanei will join you in a heartbeat. At least if they are already right around you. They were fickle. Like the Roman legio before them, proclaiming emperors whenever they felt like it. Maybe even if you just used an army of them in a punitive expedition, and the emperor was on the other side of the empire dealing with Persians say...might be they declare you emperor. This is the main evidence for "defense in depth". It was about protecting major population, industry or agricultural zones by having fortified positions for civilians to fall back to. These were fortified cities, flanked by garrisons a few dozen miles away. Slowing any invasion, while giving places to attack from once the field army got there. Not in some grand stratagem of military defense, but to control who was responsible for defeating any invasions, and who carried out any punitive expeditions. It was about public perception, it was about making sure no general had their head get too big and decide they want to be Emperor after a victory, when they had a full army all around them. And Gallienus already had created a more mobile field army, with cavalry contingents to act as "rapid response", so that part of defense in depth wasn't in any way new to the Roman Empire of Diocletian or Constantine. It was about keeping the army in the hands of the emperor, those he absolutely trusted, and keeping other generals from using it for their own coups.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Hey Nick, thanks for the feedback. You make some very solid points, and I wish we would have had that bit of extra nuance in there. Unfortunately this topic was quite a challenge for me to research and write, and I knew I was gonna have some minor inaccuries here and there, but then I hope to choose the right wordings not to attach to much emphasis or weight to those specific uncertainties. I hope you did enjoy the video though and perhaps agree that the level of research and information does lift the general information provided on youtube about this era :P

[@Nick-hi9gx]

@@ImperiumRomanumYT Yes, absolutely. Your inaccuracies were very minor, and the dispensation of troops varied a lot as the situation required. One of our biggest issues with the period is the Crisis has a lot of writing about it, but almost entirely about the usurpation here, or that army marching there, and the demographic and cultural shift that we see was almost entirely figured out through material culture and epigraphy and things which can only give us tiny bits of the puzzle at a time. The point about defense-in-depth is one I didn't really grasp until I looked more closely at the period of the 350's-380's or so. It becomes much more clear that the last Constantinians, and the Valentinians worked hard to keep themselves at the top militarily, while keeping their generals further away from glory. It obviously didn't work out for them, but it DID keep several potential (and likely) would-be usurpers from having a large enough force to act on it, particularly those who had successes on the Rhine and Danube frontiers, who were then transferred away from there. We see, shortly after this period, what happens when you don't; Arbogast and Flavius Aetius and Ricimer and Bauto.

[@frankfischer1281]

Imperium Romanum does excellent work.

[@elijahnewell8064]

Great to see another video! I love this channel lol keep up the great work!

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Thanks Elijah, will do!

[@HelionDark]

Good video thank you!

[@PYRESATVARANASI]

Cannot wait for the "Byzantine" Eastern Roman documentaries ❤. Amazing work .

[@nathanmartinez7823]

I love this time period of the Roman Empire.

[@bstuna13]

I am working on a St. George investigation. Now I am going with St. George being a 3rd Century CE Roman Anatolian Cataphractarii/Clibanarii from relatively humble background, say the equivalent of a lower middle-class, but was able to save up and work his way up to be a Cataphractarii/Clibanarii. Now I have the lancea mostly ready, just need to waterproof the stave somehow and put it all together. But that leads to the question I have. What would be the waterproofing of choice for a lancea given the parameters that I have set for myself. Now this can include paints but the palette will be somewhat limited given the parameters. Can't be purple and probably not even red.

[@sergioacevedo2254]

A true Roman, rest in piece Juan.

[@bryanfran7022]

Another video that helps me think of the Roman Empire everyday. And good for you in trying to dispel Edward Luttwak's Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire!

[@RIbigDave]

Luttwak is still a great writer but obviously should not be a sole source.

[@andrejapaunic4761]

Hell yeah,i missed you guys

[@directrulefromgamerchair3947]

I remember when I was a kid, in Rome Total War BArbarina Invasion the Limitanei are straight trash troops, then when I was a teen I got a mod that makes the game historically accurate and the Limitanei are actually pretty good, not as good as Comitatenses or Palatina troops but still definitely usable.

[@MBP1918]

Very cool video

[@philippbobkaufmann4004]

Lovely video, great re-enactment! One small pointer: it's not "limitanÉi", but "limitÁnei", with the stress falling on the -a-, but that's the only criticism.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

good to know, for next time!

[@philippbobkaufmann4004]

@ImperiumRomanumYT Thanks for the response! (Btw: If you ever need any Latin pronunciation support, I'm a historian and linguist with a specialty in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages who did 7 years of Latin and 5 of Greek. So hit me up if you're ever unsure!) Love your content!

[@jonathanowen9917]

Love to see Late Romans tell me all about life in the Empire. My knowledge of this period is definitely at the surface level (more barbarians, mail and scale instead of segmentata, spears and lances instead of pilum, spatha instead of gladius). What are several great books to read to really learn? What are good "uniform" (I use that term loosely) and equipment books?

[@Jacieltje]

We're back, baby!! Is there a way to find out where you film your things? because I live in the Netherlands and would love to visit, just to be able to have a closer look at the architecture & l ayout of things :)

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

We sure are! Life has been extremely busy last year, but we're still alive and working on new content, slowly but surely. And we mostly film in Museumpark Orientalis near Nijmegen (Heilig Land Stiching). I'd recommend visiting when there's an event (with re-enactors), otherwise the park can be overwhelmingly big and empty. Best to follow their instagram account to see when there's an event taking place, or just give 'em a call; the events are almost exclusively in the spring and summer though. By that time, just send us a message (here on KZbin in the comments and/or on patreon) if you want to know if we will be there as well, we would love to meet you and show you around senator Jacieltje :D

[@Jacieltje]

@@ImperiumRomanumYT 😍 That'd be so cool, I'll certainly keep it in mind, thank you

[@mark-fn2zs]

babe wake up Imperium Romanum dropped another banger

[@michaellovinon3467]

How were calvary men picked, were they still recruited from outside the empire or was there a domestic way of producing effective calvary?

[@binbows2258]

thank you

[@christophmahler]

To advance a similar anachronistic comparison to the American 'distinction between late Roman field armies and border guards', one may wonder whether Palatina Guards had longer training in operational aspects of warfare and the maneuver in large - or manifold - units - as that would be what separates the modern conscript from the professional career soldier, trained not just in basic tactical 'Battle Drills', but through several large scale exercises and some of it's challenges... Archeological evidence could be respective 'Fields of Mars', large enough for complex maneuvering of formations - in contrast to a local archery range or minor games field.

[@Lenn869]

love you guys

[@nobodyexpectssi4654]

Maravilloso. Como siempre.

[@ImperiumRomanumYT]

Gracias!

[@nobodyexpectssi4654]

@@ImperiumRomanumYT A vosotros, desde Hispania

[@edwardmalenfant7547]

Is there any sources/scientific article regarding the use of nasal protection on the berkasovo type helmet, and its use in the infantry ? I've been told by some that it was only for Cavalry. Thanks !