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We use the data from the Pale Red Dot's discovery of a planet around another star to show exactly how we link together the observational data of radial velocity observations to give us the mass and radius of a planet orbiting a distant star. We can't see the planet, but we see its effects. Therefore, we can deduce its properties. We use this to emphasize the importance of learning the masses of the stars. This is part of my complete intro Astronomy class that I taught at Willam Paterson University and CUNY Hunter.
Binary Stars in General: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_...
Stellar Masses: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar...
The sky around Alpha Centauri and Proxima Centauri (annotated): www.eso.org/public/usa/images/...
The motion of Proxima Centauri in 2016, revealing the fingerprints of a planet: www.eso.org/public/usa/images/...
SuperWASP Observations of Variable Stars: www.astro.keele.ac.uk/workx/su...
Main-Sequence Effective Temperatures from a Revised Mass-Luminosity Relation Based on Accurate Properties: arxiv.org/pdf/1501.06585.pdf
The location of Proxima Centauri in the southern skies: www.eso.org/public/usa/images/...
Proxima Centauri and its planet compared to the Solar System: www.eso.org/public/images/eso1...
Artist's impression of the planet orbiting Proxima Centauri: www.eso.org/public/images/eso1...
Pale Red Dot: A search for Earth-like planets around Proxima Centauri: palereddot.org
Powerful Flare from Star Proxima Centauri Detected with ALMA; puts habitability of nearby system into question: public.nrao.edu/news/2018-alm...