The Material Science of Metal 3D Printing

[@RealEngineering]

I do not have enough time to make a teamtrees video for Real Engineering, but we did make a video about methods to conserve rainforest habitats over on Real Science. I planted 1000 trees yesterday over on teamtrees.org. Every tree gets us closer to our 20 million target. kzbin.info/www/bejne/o4eZeH9th9eLsJo

[@zhengjia9580]

Real Engineering science and conserve spelt wrongly lol

[@maxclark2136]

I was just about to comment this!!!!!

[@RealEngineering]

@@zhengjia9580 lol

[@Lemon-du4sq]

Your at it to you sneaky bugger😂😂

[@Texan.Insomniac]

5:58 "Which places the magnitude on the *Y axis* and the number of cycles it survived on the *Y axis* " Uhm Unless I'm being dumb, can't you only have one Y axis?

[@4Gehe2]

As a welder and steel fabricator... I have seen plenty of young engineers bringin forth plans that are impossible or REALLY UNNECESSARILY COMPLEX to fabricate. (And many of them have refused to take feedback... for some reason.) And since I started to study engineering at university, I have found great amount of value from my practical experience of welding and steel fabrication. Seriously engineers... Talk to the people making your things. Often there are simple changes you can do that will cut cost and production time, if you'd just bother to talk to us. We don't bite. We might be blunt and few worded, but we aren't mean. We like it when we get to share our experience.

[@Troph2]

bruh, don't you know they have the degrees, know your place. I welded/fabbed for about ten years, fuck that shit.

[@RichardCranium321]

I'm so glad I learned 3d CAD before getting a job in a fab plant in the machine room & later applying for a position in the engineering dept. My official title was "Production Assistance Engineer" meaning I had to go behind the engineers & fix their designs so that they could actually process them in the plant. My nickname in the fab room was "Mr. FixaFuck"

[@johntheux9238]

@@Troph2 Should make a south park episode about that.

[@sleeptyper]

My boss tries to tell me how to do my job many times per week. Every time i just let him talk and do my job my way anyway. Complains are very rare.

[@jimkennedy4509]

Henri Hänninen Kelly Johnson has a rule engineers couldn’t sit more than 100 feet from the factory floor. If there was a problem in assembly the engineer had to go to the floor. Kelly Johnson ran Lockheed’s Skunk Works for decades and designed the U 2 and sr 71 blackbird etc. My wife is a jeweler and sees this with students leaving school. No, you can’t take 6 months to make a pair of earrings.

[@jrbhatchet]

I'm a materials science and engineering major and after I saw this video I decided to dedicate my research to metal additive manufacturing. I've since studied recycling Ti64 powders and post processing that improves fatigue. I'm currently taking a machine learning course that's specifically for materials science data analysis. Thank you for basically setting up my early career!

[@kdcruz75]

Goof luck with ur career. Can u point me to any online course that deals with addirtive metal engineering... Did u means Ti04... What sort of appplixations can ti04 metal aaddictive engineting be used for... Can it be used to buold building suppport structures, especually in coastal areas

[@puskarpathak8913]

hi, would you mind sharing the name of machine learning course you are enrolled? thanks

[@antiundead]

I suggest you look to work for a medical company. They are throwing stupid money at using Ti printed implants.

[@somewherenear3003]

If you find any online ML course that specializes in material data science, plz mention the link

[@xharpreet25]

@jordan hatch what are your views on 3D printing feasibility for bridge manufacturing.

[@adalbertolima3491]

I’m a mechanical engineering student and this semester I’m taking a class called materials and processes, the crazy thing is that just last week we did a lab on this topic of how we can affect metals to improve mechanical properties. We had to put a sample of carbon steel in a furnace and while we were waiting our lab instructor was telling us about the research he did in 3D printing while he was a student and he essentially gave a more generic version of what your said with the fatigue analysis. I just find it so cool that you made a video on this right after I just learned about this in lab.

[@CRohitSorte]

From which University?

[@yousuf418]

Mechanical Engineer here too.

[@spudastic]

carbon steel? as opposed to steel with no carbon in it?

[@dominicksossong1854]

@@spudastic Carbon steel, as opposed to steel with more than just carbon in it

[@matthewmarston6241]

You should research materials engineering! We do all kinds of research into all the mechanisms of strengthening and the effects alloying can have (High-Entrop Alloys are the big talk these days as we have moved on from bulk metallic glasses) if you are interested to read introduction to materials by Callister, it is widely considered the materials bible!

[@TheReadBaron91]

“Placing fastener holes in inaccessible locations” Seems to be a specialty of engineers.

[@brianroys1868]

I heard it as "placing fastener holes in..."

[@TheReadBaron91]

brian roys whoops! Autocorrect got me

[@coreys2686]

Especially automotive engineers.

[@zefrum3]

easier to criticize than hypothosize ...fool

[@TheReadBaron91]

Apparently someone hasn’t heard of the long running, sarcastical (mostly) fuede between mechanics and engineers

[@waddadawd]

The best part of this channel is that I’m slowly understanding more and more of what he’s talking about as I’m studying engineering in college

[@thestudentofficial5483]

You wouldn't download a car 20 years later:

[@johannvisser7659]

Throw back

[@garethbaus5471]

Not yet, but definitely getting closer.

[@benheinz8817]

@@garethbaus5471 Look up Divergent Microfactories.

[@VuLamDang]

@@johannvisser7659 download more RAM IRL

[@Kurokubi]

*_some assembly required_*

[@nebnoswel]

I've always been worried that these videos only sounded right to me because I wasn't professionally familiar with the topics being discussed, but as someone who works with all the technologies mentioned here everyday, I can say you nailed it! Excellent work, the service you offer to your audience and to engineers everywhere is priceless.

[@naminogiri]

Can I Ask you if has ever been tried to 3D metal print in vacuum (or reduced atmosphere, or inert atmosphere)? It could resolve some problems, maybe creating new ones

[@MaHu098]

naminogiri In the process chamber in which a protective gas atmosphere prevails, a flow is required to transport waste products away from the melting point. This is very difficult in a vacuum.

[@JefeInquisidorGOW]

Maybe using a magnetic bed

[@ndvorsky]

@@naminogiri It has been done but there are a number of issues. My favorite issue is that while creating the vacuum, air will bubble out of the powder which can cause some disruptions. If this happens really quickly you get an awesome effect like boiling metal or like quicksand. Also once the air is all removed the powder becomes much harder to move like wet sand vs dry sand. This gums up the machinery. Also, when melting the powder, some kind of soot and off-gassing occurs which must be taken away because it interferes with the laser beam or deposits on laser optics. A build-up of soot is a MAJOR MAJOR fire hazard as well. Air is needed to blow the soot away into containment.

[@jeffbenton6183]

What if we just did it on the Moon? (Hideously expensive, I know)

[@seigalitious3436]

Hey Brian, I have been with your channel on my other account since you only had around 5 Thousand Subs, and i have to say. it brings a tear to my eye when i see just how far you have come since you were first starting out. and, i just want to say. Keep up the amazing work my friend. you are bringing the beautiful, fascinating, and constantly evolving world of engineering to the masses in a wonderfully innovating way. I support you 100% Your Fan, Jonathan L Seig

[@GeneralKenobi69420]

This is the cringest KZbin comment I've ever seen in my life

[@Hichinator]

While you stated that pores and cracks mostly form during overhangs, with no support material below, I must mention that with the right parameters of laserspeed (Scanspeed) and laserpower (in watts or Joules per mm³) you usually achive parts with 99.5+ % relative density. What is often even better than casting parts. When we did a parameter study of AlSi10Mg we found that the tensile strenght exceeds 400N/mm² (as build with no heat treatment) for casted parts its only around 250 N/mm²´but unfortunately the elongation before breaking is almost zero so you get a very brittle part. The issue here is, that you need a well formed crystaline structure to accomondate fatigue fracturing, so heat treatment is necessarry. But, heat treatment means deformation of your printed part... So what we need is a simulation tool to predict the deformation after 3D-Printing and after heat treatment. Even thou ANSYS has its Additive manufacturing suit, we found the results not to correlate well enought with real world experiments to be of use for regular implementation.

[@Icefrostmiguel]

There is a company which successfuly predicts that heat deformation computationally. Its called Relativity and they are building 3D printed rockets right now. Their process made them already profitable alone even if they fail to launch those rockets.

[@genjitsu7448]

I have been an engineer for over 25 years after college and i feel that it was an amazing career choice. I can honestly say that generally speaking i had more good days at work than bad ones by far. Actually often having quite a bit of fun designing and building and testing things, breaking things, blowing things up, etc...

[@jyothisjenu6477]

I'm in my fourth year of engineering college, and I can genuinely say, Deo volente, that I am so excited for my next 25 years after college

[@genjitsu7448]

@@jyothisjenu6477 Best of luck! I just landed a job and this company makes some super high tech equipment, high speed automation kind of stuff... very cool. Make sure you have fun, that you always show drive, that you will get the problems solved, that you want to take on the next project, etc... If that is in you great, it is hard to build in people that don't have that self starter drive. Make your boss'es job easy by getting everything done on time, solve problems for them... this will really help to propel you quickly into bigger and better things. Pretty soon you will be managing a team of engineers, will be promoted and making some serious money, and you will have a great reputation. I can say looking back now after meeting dozens if not hundreds of engineers, that the ones that joke around in a bad way, that are not self starters, that do not have a spark, a passion, a drive, well they are still working on kind of the same level of stuff they were doing when they first started... and if that is exactly what you want then actually great. But for sure, again from 28 years of knowing people, the ones that are doing very good to great today are the ones that had that drive. It seems obvious but still, it does take an attitude that for now this is the job that you have and if you think you are worth more that is fine but today, now, work on the projects you are assigned with drive, passion, work your butt off... but still you will have fun because engineering is a self rewarding job. It is creative, difficult, and it gets great respect from people in a good way.

[@the43cracingchannel]

Real Engineering: 3d printing metal KZbin: #TeamTrees

[@RealEngineering]

Well we actually did take part in team trees over on our new channel: kzbin.info/www/bejne/o4eZeH9th9eLsJo

[@alphaadhito]

@@RealEngineering Excellent!

[@the43cracingchannel]

@@RealEngineering

[@cyborg_v271]

Guys just 3D print the trees, job done

[@eneshadziric9961]

Welp,why not?why waste time?why go the harder way?

[@alkmegeakarsu7052]

5:59 Revolutionary coordinate system confirmed lol

[@benheinz8817]

Everybody makes mistakes.

[@RealEngineering]

We actually caught that mistake but I am travelling without my mic at the moment, so couldn't fix it.

[@alkmegeakarsu7052]

@@RealEngineering No problem man love the content

[@phillyphil1513]

lol

[@brytonmassie]

@@RealEngineering lol its fine we just like to tease you, a funny way to get back would have been to use a potato quality mic.

[@soetekinhaentjens1462]

You can hear how he relates when he said "mecanist laugh at the designs of a confident college kid"

[@professordanfurmanek3732]

Retired University professor, this wonderful field of science definitely requires more funding!! The applications and advantages are indeed infinit.

[@BillAnt]

Indeed 3D metal is a complex new field as each layer is built up from melted metal powder, there's a lot that can go wrong only visible by x-ray. It's almost like building with legos, layering one "brick/pixel" at a time.

[@See_Sharp]

Lasers that weld on the atomic level is the future of 3d printing.

[@krishna97]

November 2020 : statement recorded .

[@discopoe]

Why do you think so?

[@antonliakhovitch8306]

@Sean M I think they mean inter-atomic, not subatomic. Ie, moving individual atoms around rather than fusing atoms into heavier elements. Although, a fusion reactor that produces rocket engines as a waste product would certainly be nice 😂

[@petergerdes1094]

What would that mean? Like the way an atomic force microscope can arrange atoms? That wouldn't be useful since it would take forever to build anything. Or do you mean the ability to use masks accurate to the atomic level as they do in the semiconductor industry? Or do you just mean lasers which produce the desired molecular structure. That would be great but why do you think it can be done?

[@hadhamalnam]

A laser physically cant weld on an atomic level, all it does is raise the the temperature (that is the speed of the atoms) such that the powders melts and resolidifies into the weld. So on an atomic level, a laser just increases chaotic movement and does the opposite of welding atoms individually.

[@charleswarwick4849]

I've done a fair amount of plastic 3d printing and the metal really opens up so many options. The concept of grain structure in the metal is fascinating to think about and I'll be curious to see how they mitigate future issues.

[@deepakhegde99]

This technology is 30 years old but it's now booming because of the expiring patent rights.

[@pheo4156]

Abolish copyright

[@tonyhussey3610]

Pheo said the person who has never designed anything marketable.

[@ayushprasad6159]

Capitalism. Unfortunately, enough money can only be made that way relative to the hard work.

[@MetallicReg]

Pheo Copyright should be there, but limited to 5 years. This is the period where an idea can be remarkable enough to be superior to regular competition. After that you are just blocking progress. Earning money is important. Providing progress is much more valuable. Your idea was also only possible through the community and provided common infrastructure that you built it on.

[@danilooliveira6580]

its... complicated, its fair to hold the patent of something you created, its fair that you are rewarded for it. but sometime it just slows down progress. what is the right thing to do I wonder ? maybe the government should buy patents and make it free if enough companies ask for it ? maybe prohibit the owner of the patent from impeding the use of the patent, and instead get him a percentage of the revenue made by other people from using it ?

[@HisCarlnessI]

Yeah, I run into people all the time that watch popular media science/tech videos saying "eyyy, 3D printed metals," then I'm like (having been trained as an aerospace machinist) "eyyy, no control of grain structure, we make stuff out of carefully forged blocks for a reason." Side note, though, the chips removed from the block are not "waste," that stuff gets recycled at a fraction of what the shop bought it for and resold by the recycling companies.

[@kruzihbv]

I always considered 3d printing as an alternative to casting. I've done a lot of work for oil and gas (machining extremely low volume cast impellers mostly), and the sheer number of jobs that had top go back for welding due to porosity or were scrapped outright because porosity appeared on finishing cuts is phenomenal. Add to that the setup cost of producing the patterns for casting i think 3d printing is a very viable alternative. I'd regularly get jobs where unimportant faces and diameters (the shrouds, o/d and the hub face used for the sprue) were cast with 20mm, 50mm and 150mm of metal on them (respectively) for absolutely no reason. being able to print the part leaving 1mm on the tolerance'd diameters and faces would have been a godsend. The money doesn't stop being saved there - the parts would require minimal balancing and fettling after machining.. I can't believe no one has jumped on this area.

[@DistortedMatt]

Wow, I am a Materials Engineer and looking into additive manufacturing and this video is great for an introduction! Thank you Real Engineering for putting a spotlight on us less represented engineers :)

[@killman369547]

Nice. Have you tried experimenting using a standard MIG welder head on a 3d printer? I think it might have better results than laser sintering.

[@devalopr]

7:27 Note that the unsupported "overhang condition" shown there *never* happens in an SLM 3D printer. If the model has an overhang, *support structures* are printed underneath. Only a small layer of powder with fused powder underneath is melted by the laser.

[@Fraknoff]

True and even if the overhang angle varies with material and parameters, no support structure is often quite dangerous for your production batch and your recoater :p

[@dominikpalusz9221]

I'm currently doing my first assignment in collage about additive manufacturing and all the various processes available to manufacturers. I just thought that it was a nice coincidence that this video came up. I'm loving the content. Thank you!

[@UFO_researcher]

The loose powder overhang problem will be solved by shortening the pulse times of the laser, this will form a more uniform melting structure. Also, the powder should be prepared with some sort of binding agent and compressed prior to melting with the laser. Like a flux of some sort, or compression of the powder may be enough.

[@kurtmueller2089]

Really awesome video, but one nitpick: Why would people stick to the normal laser-sintering for high-stress parts? We have a technique called Laser-Engineered-Net-Shape (LENS), which does away with the powder bed and instead has the powder inserted into the laserbeam directly through a funnel shape, making sure that 100% of the powder is always melted. NASA studied this 15-20 years ago and found that the Laser had a forging effect because of the radiation pressure, leading to parts that were around 40% more durable than even traditionally made parts. Instead of using a laser beam, some used an electron beam, although this requires a vacuum chamber to work. Some papers have been published by other laboratories like Sandia National laboratories and the SLM solutions group.

[@joemiskell4849]

Just started my MSc in metal additive manufacturing! Learnt almost as much from this video as our first week of lectures..

[@SteinyBoy2013]

What university? I have a bsme and took a class in AM. Want to get an MSc

[@joemiskell4849]

@@SteinyBoy2013 Cranfield University, would recommend!

[@RichardCranium321]

I'm so glad I learned 3d CAD before getting a job in a fab plant in the machine room & later applying for a position in the engineering dept. My official title was "Production Assistance Engineer" meaning I had to go behind the engineers & fix their designs so that they could actually process them in the plant. My nickname in the fab room was "Mr. FixaF*ck"

[@RichardCranium321]

@@DEL8TE I also earned my current screen name from the engineers. Except they didn't use the politically correct version. 😉

[@RichardCranium321]

@@doge_fish4820 🙏

[@RichardCranium321]

@@DEL8TE oh yea - deep inside joke... 😂

[@QandL3news]

I’ve been waiting for a video like this for a while! I just graduated this May in mechanical engineering and now work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory working with metal additive manufacturing (EBM), pretty cool stuff and I love being part of it!

[@wxyz885]

That's great, congratulations. ORNL-MDF does some of the best work in Metal AM processing, esp. their ground-breaking research on localized melt scan strategies for site-specific grain size/orientation control.

[@isse93Z]

You can melt the powder by electron beams instead of laser. Main advantages are more efficient melting since the kinetic energy of the electrons hitting the powder particles are more efficient than lasers since the laser is dependant of reflectivity of said powder. Also with electron beam melting you have much better control of the energy source, with lasers any movement is restricted by mechanical movement of glass that reflects the laser in a coordinate system, electron beam is instead controlled by magnetic coils which can be manipulated orders of magnitude faster since you dont depend on mechinal movement of parts. But the two different methods complement each other☺️

[@beck645]

I have seen many of your videos. The quality has no equal. Absolutely spectacular in every way. I wish others could produce videos half as good as yours. Remarkable content. Amazing graphics and your Irish vocal delivery is just incredible. This level of professionalism is truly rare these days and you have created a standard very few will ever approach. Thank you for your superb videos.

[@TawniiDareeT]

6:00 into the Y axis and into the Y axis lol

[@akenero3369]

I'm planning on going into mechanical engineering in a while, I absolutely love your channel, it's so great to hear about all of these in depth showcases on technology

[@qwertyasdfghjkl9604]

Watch practical things, how it's done in the machine shops. Starting with classic manual and the CNC stuff. A lot of it on KZbin.

[@williamkwl6153]

One day we shall 3D print the item we order from ebay

[@RichardCranium321]

They already have accounts that just sell files to upload for 3d printers... the future is here

[@aidabach]

Need change powder

[@rejectedopinions]

Thingiverse?

[@RichardCranium321]

@@aidabach are you sure youre on the right thread?

[@_Abjuranax_]

NASA is already 3D printing designs in space, instead of sending up tools and parts to them.

[@StephenGillie]

This video is great for investors! It doesn't bother with specific details, reuses footage for different concepts, and has a really upbeat tone about potential problems.

[@jeffaragon444]

This channel is an amazing source of knowledge. Thank you. As a 2nd year MEchE I appreciate this series and it gives me motivation to keep on.

[@45obiwan]

Metallurgy and programming in a new area of study, that's almost enough to bring me out of retirement. Great Video!

[@Tosti3]

4:46 How does that guy still has his eyes?

[@chrisc1140]

His eyes are mostly metal at this point, meaning they are now metal *proof.* It's a flawless strategy.

[@KarlBunker]

Yeah. I was wondering if this scene was staged for a stock footage company, and the guy, being a model rather than a real technician, didn't know any better.

[@MervynPartin]

I was going to comment on that as well as it was rather ironic that the commentary at that point said "Thousands of years of experience"

[@farifurido]

metal man

[@angryoldcanadian3905]

Instant writeup at my company. Goggles and face shield necessary. Eye injuries are the #1 thing I see at my work... and its because people don't follow basic safety procedures.

[@mecheethz]

3:18 Injection molded tampon applicator. I wonder if he knew what that was when he placed it in the video.

[@muchozolf]

I bet he didn't. That thing looks dangerous!

[@mvmlego1212]

"Nope"

[@PhilJonesIII]

One of the big tampon manufacturers started production using cigar-wrapping machines.

[@Jmaug]

I literally came into the comments to find this comment 😂🤣😂🤣 I was thinking the exact same thing....

[@travisk5589]

I came to the comments looking for this also. I got past that part of the vid and my brain said, "Wait. Was that a fucking tampon inserter?" I wonder if any women noticed it? Do women watch these vids?

[@JoeyBlogs007]

3:40 Another factor is part complexity which has a greater impact on cost for traditional manufacturing Vs 3D printing. This can't be overlooked.

[@gendoslice5971]

My moms dad had like 20 patents based off his material engineering knowledge, he would be so impressed with the world today.

[@thesral96]

5:56 Both on the Y-axis?

[@Messerschmidt_Me-262]

6:00 Plotting everything on the Y axis.... Seems prefect to me!

[@thomasjohnson6808]

"A highly efficient rocket engine that operates efficiently." You don't say...

[@abdullahmudassir7183]

5:55 alternating stress on the y-axis and the number of cycles in the y-axis

[@demosteneneacsiu6144]

Department of Redundancy Department

[@ayuchanayuko]

Efficiently at many different altitudes. Pretty much saying its efficient given certain operating parameters.

[@65elcamino283]

@@demosteneneacsiu6144 was about to comment the same. You beat me to it. Lol

[@charadremur333]

This is missleading

[@rasmAn2]

I work at an aerospace company that 3d prints a lot of production parts, both sls and slm. This is the first "mainstream" video i've seen that doesn't treat printing as a way to magically appear every structure. It's an exiting newish technique to make thinks, with it's own strengths and weaknesses. For instance thermal conductivity has a large correlation with print quality, so while titanium and croco and stainless steel print very well, aluminium is limited to weak casting alloys and crap surface quality (but finer grains than castings). Exeption being scalmaloy, great stuff, approacing 7xxx series in strength, but it's patented so about 5x the price of regular slm alloys. Annoying thing is that most printers are being ran by companies in subtractive machining, who don't know what they can do and seem unwilling to learn, and want to write off the machine in 5 years, leading to astronomical pricing

[@Ribbon_13]

Ive actually done a lot on 3d printed metal for college its amazing what you can do with the design shapes the main problem still material that isnt used after a certain amount of prints goes bad and yes they do fail a lot sooner machining strengthens the material while printing does not it also takes a lot of surface work to get these parts to a machined finish. For those of you who haven't touched a piece before it feels like very high grit sandpaper. You can rub your finger across it and feel the imperfections. Its different then grain lines though as the material is "welded" together (note they arent welded in the tradition sense they are more or less almost melted together but just barely in a process called cintering(god I hope I spelt that right)) so just like any weld there is a weak point but each individual particle of dust has these welds unless it a hollow design with more powder inside to add some weight and rigidity while cutting down print time. There is alot of stuff not covered in this video but thats because its a 15min video and not the days of material I had to learn and it covers a lot but yes most parts are limited to mainly prototypes due to the problem of breaking with stress higher but the technology has come a long way recently a concept I saw while writing a paper once was about like a traditional 3d printer designed and not the laser style with a heated wire being just hot enough to print but on a floating bed(does not connect to the bed to the effect of something super hot not touching something super cold I just woke up sorry) while being cool I dont see it working as it would be trying to be like a cast piece without casting it. Im going to stop typing now before a do a whole paper in the KZbin comments.

[@comentadorsincero8315]

Literally taking an engineering materials exam in two days... Good summary

[@Miamcoline]

I've actually always wanted to know how 3D printing could possibly be done with non-plastic materials (metals, organic material) and how practical it was. Sorry to hear its not practical yet despite massive advances but a super interesting video and topic. Well done!

[@Slouworker]

There are small SLS systems for workshops now available for around the price of a good industrial tig welding machine

[@Josh.1234]

So this is from 3 years ago so I would take it with a grain of salt.. 3d printed metal is being used in aerospace applications and Bugatti's. SpaceX is printing their rocket nozzles. I would say some advancement has occurred or this guy didn't know the capability's of the tech. Honestly Spacex was probably doing this printing 3 years ago when testing it for the engine builds.

[@ezraprice6709]

Very exited to see the company I work for in a real engineering video!

[@ChaosAura]

as a machinist, I laughed so hard at the start. Thank you so much for realizing the issue so many enginerds have.

[@othoapproto9603]

Consider the following. I successfully developed a 3d CAD to 3d printing in house pathway to supply production parts to an electronics firm that produced 50 units a year. Within a year I designed and produced over 30 3d printed parts for many of the firm's 20 models. This was a game-changer for the single reason of TIME. The traditional CNC parts could take up to six weeks of lead time to get delivered. Second, the cost savings were huge. Third with a design to final part turn around time in house improvements were almost real-time. So my point is at low volumes 3d printing has revolutionized smaller businesses.

[@jonathanmatthews4774]

This was a fascinating look into 3D printing. I had no idea of these challenges.

[@wyattb3138]

Jonathan Matthews, same.

[@doodskie999]

Wish 3d metal printing would evolve to almost perfection. The applications are endless.

[@BillAnt]

Indeed, but first they have to solve the porosity, shrinkage and strength, then it's good to go.

[@knightshousegames]

4:45 "I mean, this 'iron' stuff sounds like it has a lot of potential, but we already know how to work bronze, why would we bother learning an entirely new process when the old one works so well?"

[@marc_frank]

😂 bronze actually still has it's uses today it has a good balance between corrosion resistance, strenght and price used for boat building

[@Jorn6460]

In writing my bachelor thesis on the subject of metal 3D printing (of High Entropy Alloys) and I have watched this video many times for guidance. Literally on the first day and on the last day of my project. Thank you

[@wormholespacetime]

This is why I love this channel! I'm working in metal 3DP and the exact thinking outlined here, led me to a Metal-X. I also got a MarkII for free so I'd love to see a video about carbon fiber composites and especially design strategies and applications possible with continuous fiber 3DP. As this is my 1st comment here, let me say again: great work! Thanks for sharing your knowledge!

[@Chitransh_Singh]

It will take time but we can perfect 3D printing just like forging.

[@HuntingTarg]

I concur; laser/electronic deposition and compounding is an infant compared to the trade of metalworking; I forsee a synthesis of the two as our industrial knowledge base in this area grows, as each approach does things the other cannot. Perhaps eventually we will have 3D printers able to make other (same or different) 3D printers or assemblies of such; *_then_* things will take off!

[@MedlifeCrisis]

Hallow brain i am in 6th standard giving exams i will go IIT for becoming engineer n think u r rly great n smart n i luv ur chanel do u hav ne adwice for futur engineer lk me i wud bcome js like u do u take interns i luv u hallo

[@ToninFightsEntropy]

I think Rohin's having a stronk.

[@RealEngineering]

Hello Rohin. Good luck in your engineering career.

[@MedlifeCrisis]

@@RealEngineering i hv cut this part of my screen out and will keep it 4eva thx u senpai

[@hansolo4017]

@@ToninFightsEntropy rohn hav stronk

[@jamescanjuggle]

I can't tell if it's a really good fake channel or the real channel got hacked for the sole purpose of letting people know about his sudden career change

[@nodnerbhu]

"Alternating strength on the Y axis and the number of cycles on the Y axis" 6:00

[@playerkgaming628]

I noticed that too!

[@johnmolloy4878]

@6:28. Primary cause is crack initiation and fatigue threshold, not growth. Once the crack starts (and is growing), it's usually a matter of very short time to failure (hours to days), particularly in the realm of HCF. You don't want the crack to start. You are correct that the prolific defectivity of additive methods is the cause. Great video.

[@MeepChangeling]

Resin printing is now fast enough to work as an economy of scale. We can make a 4 inch tall resin part in ~7 minutes, and with resin printing, only the height matters for print speed. So you could have a 100 squair foot platform making 1000s of smaller parts at once and get like 2k parts per 7 minutes. This is prefect for miniture models, and small things like phone stands, cable jack "selves" and other things of that nature.

[@liljashy1463]

Can you do an updated video on this with all the recent advancements in metal AM?

[@lidarman2]

I plead guilty for the first 30 seconds of this video. That cracked me up.

[@sammndl9592]

FINALLY, I SAW SOMETHING ON KZbin RELATED TO BY COLLEGE MAJOR - PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING. MY LIFE'S NOT A JOKE! ( IIT ROORKEE, BATCH OF '22)

[@davideaton6733]

This channel and Economics Explained are the two best stock footage KZbin channels right now.

[@ChhatarNahata]

I have a suggestion, to increase productivity. A large head with lot of nozzles with valves may be designed, valves may operate electronically, there by a lot of material may be deposited simultaneously, increasing amount of material deposited per unit time.

[@6miler]

Really cool I can see its potential. The laser idea is really neat and the close-ups of it reminded me of when you get porosity in your welds when there's contaminants such as the atmosphere, dirt, oxidation, scale etc. I wonder if a shielding gas or some sort of flux or both would improve the laser welds.

[@EngineeringEspy]

This was so well done. Your knowledge in all these fields is amazing.

[@martin-__-]

Isnt spacex's superdraco engines 3d printed? I dont get why the little aerospike engine is mentioned but not the superdraco

[@suhanesetne985]

Footage r exclusive

[@justins3111]

Rocket Labs Rutherford engines are also 3D printed, and well proven in an orbital class rocket!

[@creatortechnologylimited5064]

@@justins3111 Do you mean they solved the strength issue?

[@abdulraf1414]

the course is very important in the science of Dental prosthodontics, as printing would eventually replaces casting as the the comes

[@JontysCorner]

Regarding the issues at 6:55, AM uses an argon purged chamber during the growth process (Renishaw used to call it growing parts instead of printing for some reason); what it needs is a vacuum chamber for the process to eliminate most of the powder blowing as I'm certain that the heating of the argon is what causes this as the heat creates eddies and currents in the gas.

[@jackalovski1]

"one of the first things you learn in mechanical engineering is how to design your inventions in a way that is possible to manufacture" tell that to the engineers I used to work with. My god I had to suffer through so many 'design engineers' who'd never even seen a lathe or a mill and thought that manufacture's ONLY used CNC, which, they don't, especially for one offs. Also, a good machine shop saves it's swarf and sells it on to recuperate material costs. This is almost always done when manufacturing brass pipe fittings as brass is expensive. Also we've had impossible to manufacture parts for decades. Rolls Royce has been using lost wax casting of titanium for its turbine blades for decades. Too many armchair engineers think that 3D printed parts are usable in commercial products, it's nice to see a video explaining why they're not the magical manufacturing process that can compensate for rubbish/lazy design engineers.

[@makatron]

4:46 that guy sure will need to 3D print some camera eye replacements soon 🤔

[@deusexaethera]

Nope. The sparks are flying away from him, and the return side of the sanding belt is long enough that any sparks following the path of the belt will get stripped away by airflow before the belt makes another pass.

[@tarun7539]

"Perts"

[@aaaz6705]

I thought at first he said parrots

[@tuukkajarvela9258]

Pärt wit the meteriäl

[@rixbuilds]

I thought he said pirates lol

[@janmelldugenio7774]

it's the Irish accent. :)

[@DavidGreen-yz6ws]

Zoundid raht tuh me.

[@The.Talent]

I literally just finished my Materials and Manufacturing course last week where I did a 3000 word report on Metallic 3D Printing in the Aerospace Industry. This video would have given me about 10 more avenues of research to pursue than the few I actually included in my report, though it was only 3k words so it kind of had to be quite succinct. Either way, scored 96% on the assignment.

[@zefrum3]

basically 3D printing is a casting process, not a forging or wrought-ing? process; so it has fatigue properties more like mold cast materials

[@michieljames737]

Have you seen the new concept that Doctor Adrian Bower has proposed and working on as revealed at MERF? A way to 3D create parts via electrical charge in an electrical conductive medium thus rendering it as one complete part. It's all conceptual but so was 3D printing 30 years ago! Go check it out! Tom Sanladerer did the interview with him if I'm not mistaken.

[@mortkebab2849]

"the magnitude of the alternating stress on the Y-axis and the number of cycles it survived on the y-axis" What?

[@Toolmamon]

Yeah! I caught that too! LOL

[@bozsoendre]

"... primarily by working with machinists that look at your design and laugh at the incompetitance of this young college kid." I feel attacked.

[@rodschmidt8952]

Go to the puppy room

[@ef7388]

My new FAVORITE CHANNEL! Excellent Fact vs Time ratio.

[@blahblahblahblah2837]

I wonder if a secondary, slower moving, lower powered laser coming through and pre-heating the path for the primary original sintering laser could improve the quality of the bead and prevent the powder bed from being 'blown away'? Alternatively, a fine mist of the powder could be blown into the path of the laser to ensure sufficient material - either into the beam, or in front of it, pushing material into the path and preventing it from moving away. Third alternative, ensure the laser moves along a workpiece at an appropriate speed based on some kind of sensory feedback - eg a very sensitive camera not unlike the one used in the study shown - to ensure a consistent bead is produced.

[@MaHu098]

Such solutions already exist in our 3D printers. The camera you describe is a system which is used for customers who do not want to X-ray parts after printing.

[@acactapus]

0:50 the warping on this print gave me a mild anxiety attack

[@andrewbeaton3302]

hahaha

[@isaacfardig371]

That is fantastic!

[@CrashPCcz]

That´s what I saw immediately too! :-D

[@GreyDeathVaccine]

ROTFL

[@zequijusti]

11:11 The scan strategy of the Windows calculator

[@fabioteixeira868]

Awesome content as always! Just wondering here, since the laser interaction is blowing material away, has anyone tried 3D Metal Printing in a vacuum?

[@benjaminmolnar3881]

Yes, there are two versions of metal 3d printing, Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) shown in the video. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) uses a laser to melt metal powder in an inert gas chamber (nitrogen or argon). Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion uses an electron beam instead of a laser in a vacuum. I'm more familiar with the LPBF version. Part of the reason you get material blowing away is because the metal powder vaporizes into a gas as it melts. I believe this would still happen with an electron beam. Good idea though!

[@JohnyPatrick]

It is amazing as this video is so valuable. Kudos to you for putting this 3 years back. That's amazing! There is a new technology that almost does not use even heat to lay down parts with 99% metal in liquid form and gets baked and 1% water to keep it in that liquid form and uses ceramic for supports and it would be very interesting to see how accuracy plays with that type of 3d printing.

[@technicalproject6896]

I am mechanical students currently i studied tools and mould making, tools like press Machine, and studing mould and die. Watching your video i never get bored and having ambition to achieve something.

[@gustyjothaprasert3953]

At 6:03 I think you were supposed to say x axis instead of y axis

[@NikolasStow]

Aero spike? Someone’s been watching everyday astronaut

[@deusexaethera]

A 3D printer that can analyze the part during production and correct for defects is a great idea. However, I don't think 3D printing metals will ever become an effective technique for mass production. Nothing can beat the strength of a part machined from a forged metal ingot. I do look forward to the ability to "affordably" 3D print metal parts for hobbyist use, though.

[@dragonfire2371]

In regards of metal 3d printers being available to public, I don't really know if that would be a great idea, I d love to use this technology because I m interested in aerospace technology, but, given that people have printed functional guns out of plastic 3d printers, just imagine what some crazy people might do with access to pretty high quality metal parts.

[@edgeeffect]

That was a really good video. You see so much about 3d printing by people who don't really know what they're talking about.... this is a nice concise introduction to what difficulties exist at the moment and how we might get over them.... fantastic.

[@David-yo5ws]

At 8:40 you can start to see gas starting to expand (under the bottom layer at the rear) and it push the oxide particles away at the rear and blows to the surface. So one problem is that the powder needs to be dry. Also, I think the particles are too small compared to the melted 'drops'. And the power of the laser would have to be just enough to melt the powder and not over-heat it. I guess the advances in lasers should help control that. And development of the powders with mixtures of catalysts or flux may improve the bonding. It's really about funding so you can experiment and develop better product.

[@jumpierwolf]

Can't you just melt the waste and get the titanium alloy back?

[@theultimatereductionist7592]

9:50 "We explore the science of forging with my friend Alex Steel(e)". For real? No joke? Just coincidence?

[@rodschmidt8952]

Hey, if your name is Steele, you might as well become a metallurgist. There are also a statistically unlikely number of doctors named Bonebrake

[@walrus2796]

Koenigsegg prints all of there turbos in house.

[@walrus2796]

Lori Faber, absolutely correct.

[@Ckcdillpickle]

They print their turbo housings in house not the impeller

[@thymewizard]

I feel like it's important to point out that overhang conditions are not, say, some unavoidable subset of the 3D printing process but rather something you strictly avoid when printing. If possible you'll try to design the part with no overhangs steeper than your machine can handle, or when absolutely necessary print additional material to support the structure. Trying to blind print an overhang is an example of a design/processing mistake when it comes to printing, akin to the example you gave of impossible-to-access fastener holes.

[@SuperYellowsubmarin]

Your videos are very well documented and spot-on ! I think Markforged's approach of binding a green part and then sintering all at once in a furnace is a better way to go, once you depart from the overvalued concept of having a finished part straight out of the printer. I would not be surprised that HP researches such a path with their Multijetfusion technology !

[@MostlyPennyCat]

It's simple. Buy the first machine. _print the rest_ Easy

[@ericpeterson6520]

People keep making this joke whenever 3D printers come up as if it doesn't already happen all the time and isn't, in fact, the most influential factor in the current home 3D printing boom www.reprap.org

[@benheinz8817]

@@ericpeterson6520 We know. The joke is still funny, though.

[@USBEN.]

S T O N K S

[@MostlyPennyCat]

Will, it prints metal. So it's not a joke anymore. I'm assuming you can't print lasers yet though

[@among-us-99999]

@James Neave ever heard of RepRap?

[@GURken]

11:12 76.5 * 2 using calculator **just in case*

[@densepixel]

GURken you don't want to make an easy mistake

[@farifurido]

yep xd

[@timax4114]

At exams, i used calculator for 20^2. There is no room for mistakes :D

[@USBEN.]

'Year 2069, Rebel Mogumba has successfully escaped his enemies by making his own space craft with 3D universal printer.' - Totally Legit News

[@aerokhoa]

Thank you very much for an interesting and delightful video that has so much to learn from. Just one minor thing that needed to be revised: at 10:38 the columnar grains grow following the cooling direction, albeit it also can be affected by the laser scanning direction, yet it is the cooling direction that matters the most. Cheers guys, one more subscription!

[@alexlandherr]

At 11:00, on filament 3D printers (with plastic) the walls or top and bottom layers of an object the filament is laid out in a pattern where they’re drawn diagonally and cross each other like X:s.