The Morphy Formula! || Lichtenhein vs Morphy || 1st American Chess Congress (1857)

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This is the story of the birth of modern chess - when the possibilities of chess as an art, a science and a sport all converged.
The point of convergence was a young boy from Louisiana named Paul Morphy. At a time when America was seen as a backwoods nation with little cultural history and even less intellectual impetus, at a time when chess was considered the exclusive property of a few European countries, at a time when the game was played successfully by a handful of men wizened by years, Paul Morphy, in the brief span of 19 months and with seemingly little effort, defeated conclusively every player he met.
While today few non chess players even know his name, he was one of the most famous celebrities of his time and within the hallowed halls of the chess playing community he is considered by some as the greatest chess player of all time.
But this diminutive, unassuming boy rose to fame almost out of nowhere and once he secured his place in history, he retired back into that hazy unknown, shunning the public eye, never again to play serious chess. Not only was he one of great practitioners of the game, but also one of it's greatest enigmas. He's been given the sobriquet, The Pride and Sorrow of Chess.
Source: www.edochess.ca...
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Theodore Lichtenhein vs Paul Morphy
1st American Chess Congress (1857), New York, NY USA, rd 3, Oct-27
Dutch Defense: Raphael Variation (A80)
1. d4 f5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Bg5 e6 4. e4 fe4 5. Ne4 Be7 6. Bf6 Bf6 7. Qh5 g6 8. Nf6 Qf6 9. Qe5 Qe5 10. de5 b6 11. O-O-O Bb7 12. Nh3 Rf8 13. Rg1 Nc6 14. f4 Ke7 15. g3 d6 16. Bg2 de5 17. fe5 Rf5 18. Rge1 Rd8 19. g4 Rd1 20. Kd1 Rf8 21. Bc6 Bc6 22. Kd2 h6 23. Re3 g5 24. b3 Rf1 25. Re1 Re1 26. Ke1 Be4 27. Kd2 Kd7 28. c4 Kc6 29. Nf2 Bb1 30. Nd1 Ba2 31. Kc2 Kc5 32. Nc3 Bb3 33. Kb3 c6 34. Ne2
Materials used in research:
Paul Morphy: Pride and Sorrow of Chess by David Lawson
The Genious Of Paul Morphy by Chris Ward
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[@rodolfo6reyes640]

Finally something I am good at, figuring out how a game can be blundered. I just have to think in what I would play

[@Kaifsiddiqi]

Ahh!! wonder why my friends at bar and library are pissed at me!!!!

[@buk1733]

Shafiq Siddiqi why?

[@Kaifsiddiqi]

@@buk1733 I mislead them about His highness Mr Morphy's game, that it ended earlier than it did!

[@Taquilou]

@@Kaifsiddiqi excellent

[@adeel9668]

That “good stuff” hits different

[@takatotakasui8307]

It really does!

[@AngeloAvramakis]

You can never get enough of Morphy and "the good stuff"

[@DS-ru9re]

Sudussod

[@jovanmilic8484]

Truee

[@Raventooth]

Of course

[@danvictor8161]

What if the game went. Pawn a5, pawn h3.. pawn a4 check. So morphy could go king d5.. then king captures pawn.. but not capturing the pawn but king ((e4)) .. maybe then whites king is to far away to guard the knight that guards the pawns and the h3 pawn is a major liability.

[@johngrey5806]

Even more than Tal (if you can believe it), Morphy is my favourite player. He played all these openings named after people who lived after him!

[@johngrey5806]

@@12OclockLow that's true.

[@andrewptob]

I simply can’t believe it. 😦

[@buk1733]

AOB haha

[@johngrey5806]

@@andrewptob you brought a smile to my normally sour face.

[@pairot01]

When was Mr. Dutch Defense born?

[@gegeggioge]

Hi Antonio, you don't know me, but I met your channel some months ago. Im 26 and didnt play chess since 16, I almost forgot basic rules. Then, as I said, I met your channel and you made me feel back in love with chess! With your simple way of explaining, the background which you explain, and everything which makes me feel like a child listening to a story. Also you have my dad's name. But ok, whats the point? Im italian and forced to be home. Im kinda scared, as everyone is, but do my part as best as I can. You learn to appriciate smaller things, like your channel. So, the reason for which Im writing this comment, is to say thank you. Im really emotional these days, both for.good and bad. Thank you for letting me, and many others I think, fly away from the problems of reality. And you do this with a kindness, a simplicity, a smile, and that smart eyes you have. I really hope you read this, your videos are rly helping me in my sleepless nights. Plz upvote this to let him read, I never ask for this but plz, I need it. Love to everyone Edit: for those wondering Im a terribile noob, I like kings gambit but loose 9 games out of 10 Well, amen!

[@noone-qu5ec]

I'm getting hyped for a match done decades ago. I can't wait for the finals.

[@satyakammishra5130]

More than century and half to b precise 😄😄

[@JR-zc5pz]

Thank you for continuing the morphy saga. Please don't stop, I live for these videos.

[@phoenixzohar]

that quote is absolutely amazing!

[@madhav_coc]

Audience: Why didn't you publish rest of the moves Chess congress: We don't want to waste paper ;-;

[@gordonxu1789]

Close game wow good job Lichtenhein

[@NJ-uh6hz]

Morphy was up 2.5 to 0.5 going into this game. A draw would have been enough for him to clinch the match. Maybe Lichtenhein blundered as he was trying to push for a win in a drawn endgame in order to stay in the match as either a loss or a draw would lead to him being eliminated.

[@kelseyt2249]

Lichtenstein was very strong . Not getting destroyed by morphy is pretty amazing. Especially considering morphy always got better against an opponent after the first game or two

[@sanidhyapratapsingh4952]

Just imagine being like Morphy and just destroying your opponents so casually.

[@kevinbyrne4538]

... and Morphy wasn't defeating just some beginning players at his local club. He was beating some of the best players in his country ... and then the world.

[@sanidhyapratapsingh4952]

@@kevinbyrne4538 Which made him one of the best chess players to ever live

[@jonathancauley84]

Murphy vs carelson lol

[@kat78681]

3:43 I don't come here for the analysis and tactical insight, but for the great piece identification.

[@-_Nuke_-]

Well, Lichtenhein approach is the best I've seen from people that play against Morphy, I would have actually named the video the Lichtenhein formula :P

[@joshual4513]

The best approach is probably Barnes who has the best record against Morphy, winning roughly 1 game out of 3. Barnes plays the opening poorly, but he sometimes manages to trick Morphy. Another one of Morphy's losses was by Adolf Andersen, who played a3 against Morphy. Although Morphy won that match as a whole, that individual game was one of Andersen's best. I'd say, with Morphy, you can't beat him with standard strategies. You either have to go super positional or do something strange to confuse him.

[@giriiyer3968]

@@joshual4513 I've watched the Anderssen series and to tell you the truth I thought Anderssen came close to deconstructing Morphy or rather unraveling him but even though he lost it the contest was far closer than the scoreline suggests (and it's mho alone you can disagree with me) Anderssen made a lot of mistakes at crucial stages and A3 is not so bad if you can follow the complex lines after that at least Anderssen showed to the world well at least a few hints that Morphy was not invincible he was not infallible after all the aura of invincibility that Morphy had it did come down a bit but on the flip side I'm sure after his experience against the European masters so unlike American players morphy must have become even stronger more powerful one thing about Morphy he was an extraordinarily quick learner absorbing very quickly different openings and strategies that's to his credit but it's just our bad luck he stopped playing after that.still in mho he is the goat

[@user-uc7qb1su4e]

@@giriiyer3968 some say Morphy had a photographic memory. If it’s true then that would probably make him the strongest player of all time in any era because he could just read modern theory and beat everybody

[@giriiyer3968]

@@user-uc7qb1su4e yes,you are absolutely spot on. When he was a child,his mother took him to an opera,as she was a musician. And,(this is remarkable), he could whistle (or rather hum, I don't know which term to use) the entire score,the whole melody from memory. He memorised the Louisiana law code (maybe 1000 pages) both in English and French. He got his masters when only sixteen or thereabouts. I personally believe,he had an IQ level of 200+. Fischer had an IQ level of 180 and carlsen is said to be 190. So,my assessment is he was extraordinarily gifted. Of course this is all surmise. But the indications are all strongly in his favour.

[@simonemiglioli1165]

@@joshual4513 Morphy showed a lot of mercy for his opponents, otherwise you can't beat him so easily.

[@Robster543210]

Thanks for the good stuff.

[@jamiegreening5421]

7:57 Kc4? Completely blundering the game away for black. Nothing wrong with b4 then picking up the knight with a passed pawn

[@mariovanderwal1695]

Was thinking the same, maybe somehow white can pick up both pawns for the knight and get back on time to survive.

[@roberthansen5727]

White blocks the passed pawn and is able to hold this.

[@chickenkitchen5646]

@@roberthansen5727 so I'm not a chess pro, but it seems to me that black is closer to the other pawns while the white king has to stick to the pawn on c rank

[@jamiegreening5421]

Robert Hansen no they can’t, this is completely winning for black, black is a tempo faster than white

[@jamiegreening5421]

TheCheeser no black is a tempo faster, probably something agad just missed while making calculations on the spot

[@parsasabaghian8597]

A knight is a Knight -Agadmator 2020

[@davey9090]

I knew it sounded weird when the last game ended because morphy 'respected his opponent' and offered a draw

[@michaeldistance891]

The "good stuff" is fantastic

[@chengzhou8711]

I am loving the Morphy games. Funny enough, he’s probably my favorite player.

[@Sathrandur]

It's completely obvious that taking the pawn on a2 loses the bishop; Morphy must have known that playing that would leave him down a piece which makes me wonder whether he had some idea of how he was going to make the position work. If Morphy did know what he was doing then... wow, just wow.

[@jonathancauley84]

Great stuff!! Thanks so much man

[@LuKanO84]

The good stuff!!! it's also music to hearing the position has never been reached again

[@dalibor8397]

Morphy goes for the Dutch :-D Reminds me on Carlsens game against Jan Gustaffson..when Jan said at the begining-" Uhh, that was F5,now he is trying to humiliate me big time,not only beating me but beating me with the Dutch...just even worst" :-D

[@n20games52]

Another mystery game but an expected winner. It's be nice to see just how Morphy pulled out the win. I look forward to the final match.

[@sebastianrex6697]

Can't wait for the next video

[@williamplumbridge4113]

That was a bit rude on Morphy’s part to drag out the game for 24 more moves only to get a draw.

[@marshallfarrier4732]

Regarding the continuation, one of the lines you give could be improved for Morphy: 34. ...b5 35. cb5: cb5: 36. Nc3 a5 37. h3 a4+ 38. Ka3? b4+ and black wins the knight and the game.

[@rawdaaljawhary4174]

At 7:35 was it possible for Lichtenhein to maneuver his knight from C3 to E4 with checkmate? In this position, the white pawn and white knight are taking away all squares from the black king, but it's possible that there was a way to block the check. Lichtenhein went to E2 instead, away from the action. E4 is also a more central square from which to gobble up pawns.

[@ekagunadi1934]

I see morphy, I CLICK

[@jasontodd7236]

I saw dog on couch. I liked immediately.

[@PaulHobbs23]

Love these morphy games

[@tonyortiz15]

Could it be that Lichtenhein resigned as it was a draw and that half point also would the win the match any way? Maybe there were no more moves after what was recorded. Just a guess.

[@AkainuR]

I LOVE these videos

[@PaulHobbs23]

Me too. Cheers

[@Posiadam.]

#suggestion Great game from simultaneous exhibition from 1903 in London Probably one of the biggest but at the same time most elegant blunder in chess history: Emmanuel Lasker vs Rudolf Johannes Loman. It’s somewhat connected to the Morphy Saga because it contains Morphy defense ;)

[@yashankola2437]

No 1 chess channel for a reason

[@sortehuse]

Do we know the reason why the whole of these isn't on record. Where some of the games lost at some point or did they run out of notation paper?

[@ricksflicks-]

All my friends at the bar and the library will never believe a word I say again!

[@ShermanSitter]

I am so ready for the finals! 1857 here we come!

[@michaeltierney6649]

Me: *yawn* Welp, it's time for bed Agadmator: Nothing Personnel kid

[@amoreazione3563]

Wow, such a witty joke. Are you guys proud of being such pathetic nerds?

[@michaeltierney6649]

@@amoreazione3563 Are you proud of being such nerd pathetic?

[@irfanhuda5207]

Funfact1: Morphy was only 20 yrs old when he participated in First American Chess Congress 1857. Funfact2: He would retire just 2 yrs later at the age of 22, and never made a comeback.

[@jamesknapp64]

Could be that Liehtenhien played very aggressive since he needed a win to advance since a draw would result in a loss in the match.

[@12jswilson]

They might not have counted draws at all. Not sure though. But it was popular in those times to just not count draws.

[@arpanmukherjee961]

Excellent instructive game by Morphy

[@manu-ox4fe]

In their second match Botvinnik didn't allowed Tal to complicate the games and the rest is history. The difference here is that Murphy is the superior player.

[@NiceBot724]

Agadmator is on a roll with the Murphy series 🔥

[@ChesswithSuyashinMarathi]

मराठीतून बुद्धिबळाच्या डावांची माहिती मिळवण्यासाठी माझा चॅनेल जरूर subscribe करा

[@JacoboZea]

I am hyped for the finals, can we get some epic music???

[@Legenderior]

Amazing game

[@travis5125]

It's one week before the Candidates Tournament and we're viewing some of the oldest chess matches on record.

[@todddean7722]

Since Morphy had 2.5 points, a draw would have won it, wouldn’t he? Maybe the “win” was the tournament rather than the single game?

[@immanuellasker4273]

this Morphy saga is almost as entertaining as the Tal's saga

[@JoeDidIt]

when you write down a morphy game you shouldnt think about wasting paper

[@WilliamJonesChess]

02:00 Swapping queens so early? Theodore, what are u doing. 06:48 Game ended here. But really the game has just begun. Endgame imbalance: 2 pawns versus a N.

[@cheyennelandman4819]

I think morphy pushed the pawn to A5 after theodore moved his knight to e2.. I think theodore wanted to go knight e2 to g1 to f3 to guard the e5 pawn but once morphy played a5 .. It underminded theodores knight to e2, g1, f3 idea.. Because morphy had a 3 to 1 pawn advantage.. .. So i think theodore changed his idea and thats the blunder and thats why they didnt make the rest of the game public.. Maybe if he continued the game morphy just picked him apart because the e5 pawn finally because a weakness.. But knowing morphy he wouldnt of took the pawn asap.. He would of waited and caught theodore in a zugwang.. And used the a pawn to distract theodores king just enough to get him out of position to win the pawns and theodore would have no choice but to give up the knight to try to get his king closer to morphys fast pawns..

[@Evilanious]

at 7:55 doesn't knight b4 pick up the knight and lead to a winning king and pawn endgame? The white king needs to take time to take the a4 pawn and after that it is too far away to prevent the black king from taking the e5 pawn and getting a very simple winning king and pawn endgame.

[@yourn4m3h3re]

Can't wait to see Morphy vs Paulsen ! :)

[@AzerskyVlad]

Great as always, Agadmator. Thank you for all the work you do. Do you think there is at least one educational game where Murphy had lost? For example, I know Anderson found a weapon against Murphy...

[@abhi_shek1196]

Now I know why my friends at library were upset after this game 😓

[@bettypeppa6137]

7:57 why not b4+?

[@saileshraut7151]

Yes b4 would win the game for black. Probably this is what Morphy would have played

[@kasparpaukson3543]

it is possible that in the real game white didn't go a3 and then it wouldn't be winning, but if white did then b4+ is basically an auto win for a player as good as Morphy 5...b4+ 6.Kb2bxc3+ 7.Kxc3Kb5 8.Kd3Kb4 9.Kd2a3 10.Kc2Kc4 11.Kc1Kb3 12.Kd2a2 13.Kd3a1=Q 14.Ke2Qxe5+ 15.Kd3Qf4 16.h4gxh4 17.g5h3 18.gxh6h2 19.h7h1=Q 20.h8=QQhf1#(move numbers are not original because done from a custom position)

[@XEJTEP]

@Donald Trump Kd4 and black is winning .

[@Gaspa79]

@Donald Trump Not at all....

[@yousefsobhani9502]

Because the king grabs the A pawn

[@Sletty73]

Antonio I would advise you do not mention conversation with friends at bar for a while, here in Italy we are quarantined!

[@johnwamsley1896]

Dang! How do you get beer and wine to your house? Are you running low?

[@foolishgold3171]

Rick an Mor- Meek and Morphy probably used some sort of technology to alter the reality of the game... Maybe that's why it hasn't been published fully.

[@yogevpc]

IF you are afraid to play against Morphy Chess it is better to play checkers = Lichtenheim= capture - capture - capture = Until there are no tools to play

[@giriiyer3968]

After watching the different opponents and games in the first ACC what I find is that all of them when they could not defeat Morphy they used extremely cynical negative and often downright stalling tactics to bring him down it was not sportsmanship but gamesmanship very bad of them but still he won now what more can you say he truly is the goat

[@Mati-zc2ym]

And it is of move 9 that this is completly old endgame

[@bharath_b]

Morphy: Finally a worthy opponent the battle will be legendary

[@yarielrobles9003]

Ah yes, the good stuff.

[@nedmerrill5705]

I wonder why they suppressed the rest of the game. Did Lichtenhein blunder on the next move? Did they cut off the score to allow white to save face?

[@Vikinginvietnam]

The good stuff 🤩🤩

[@shivammishra5546]

Here we are again 🤩🙌🏻

[@giriiyer3968]

Well how did lichtenhein lose even after knight up but he was very good against Morphy this was an engrossing duel thks

[@dwcromartie9280]

Morphy changed the game.

[@xCorvus7x]

Wouldn't the score of this match be two and a half to half, instead of three and a half to half?

[@BrainFoodCafe]

There must be some mistake in the game. Morphy wouldn't sacrifice his 'only' Bishop for two pawns.

[@jefftaylor1186]

My brain says “don’t be an idiot, play like Botvinnik” My heart says “brain is boring, play like Morphy” I win more games playing like Botvinnik, but I have more fun playing like Morphy

[@mkrgaming1118]

Hi agadmator could you record an analysis vid on a game between me and my friend?

[@ahmadshokry5945]

Why did Morphy have the black pieces in two consecutive games?

[@sam98034]

unpublished to spare embarrassment maybe?

[@AboudSafar]

we want more videos a day

[@Diesel9]

Again missing the end of the game?! My fiends at the Bar and Library will be pissed!!!!

[@riam-313-diyaq]

Happy holi agadmator

[@ChesswithSuyashinMarathi]

मराठीतून बुद्धिबळाच्या डावांची माहिती मिळवण्यासाठी माझा चॅनेल जरूर subscribe करा

[@skalderman]

and it was in this position the game ceased to be published

[@UpperCrustthe3rd]

Lol

[@bigozziedad]

This is completely winning for black. The white king and knight have to expend several moves capturing the a and b pawns, during which time the black king can clean up the white pawns on the other side of the board. The white king will be too far away to stop one of the g or h pawns from queening.

[@danvladoiu9365]

at 7:56 after Ka3 why not b5-b4 (instead of Kc4) which forks the knight and king and wins the knight? It should be an easy win for black after that.

[@ernestomamedaliev4253]

"They didn't want waste paper" hahaha

[@cretudavid8622]

Day #18 of saying hello till Agad notices me Today I got rejected by my crush.... but this video makes me feel like Idc about her and my life is up and runin again

[@robertlipovac3526]

Mislim da bi bilo dobro ako bi mogao napraviti mali "hype" oko candidates, znam vecinu igraca ali ne sviju a i nevjerujem da svi znaju svakog, pa ako mozes pokazati jedan game od svakog igraca

[@jolly_roger2]

I don't believe this game was lost by Lichtenhein, maybe it was another game or it ended 3-2 but cmon...

[@crabby112]

I think Draw was sufficient for morphy to win the match. And if indeed lichtenhein lost it must've been blunder so it could be one possibility why the rest of the match wasn't published.

[@vancebocas7626]

Of course! I play the Dutch so naturally we dont get the end of this game QQ

[@jake101vlog5]

Wow nice game me also playing chess in real chess God bless us

[@eliezerferrieri]

Hi agadmator's Chess Channel , in the video you talk about game in 54 moves. In all the books I have including the tournament book no one talks about this. May I ask you where did you get this information? It could be very useful for the updated and correct book I am writing about Morphy, thanks.

[@MrDannyg77]

Ag in your analysis of what could have happened you missed b4+ forking king and knight. 😜

[@cheyennelandman4819]

I bet morphy went a5 and sacked the pawn to get the king away from the c4 pawn so you could capture than attack the knight than morph would of captured the pawn on e5 and than cut the king from going across the board to defend his pawns.. And than morphy would of walked his pawns to victory..

[@arjunsatish279]

The good stuff 😍😍😍😍

[@nimabaradaran3471]

the rest of the game only published for premium members that year.

[@manjunathswamy2270]

#suggestion Harika vs Ju Wenjun game

[@Diesel9]

“Didn’t want to waste paper”.....?

[@thebestnumber1]

Agad is my "good stuff" dealer

[@Beerfish777]

Must have been an awful blunder to lose that game being up a piece even down a couple pawns. Too bad we could not see what happened.

[@sixjhontongalamar979]

Beerfish777 perhaps the blunder is awful enough that they don't want to publish it.

[@armaanmalhotra9042]

🔥🔥