The nature of matter

If there’s one thing that we think we understand, it’s matter. After all, matter makes up everything around us; it even makes up you. However, all is not as it seems. Over the last century, scientists have learned about the building blocks of matter, starting with atoms. It turns out that matter is very different than you think. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln will give you an entirely new way to think about the world around us. You will never think of the universe in the same way again.

[@alabalaportocala1290]

I already knew i was empty inside but thank you for agreeing with me

[@timetraveler9558]

Me Too

[@rameshdevanur1942]

Uuh, what a legend...

[@kitchenwithus2130]

آ پ نے بالکل درست کہا۔ مہربانی کر کے نیچے دئیے گئے لنک پر کلک ضرور کریں اور لگے ہاتھوں سبسکرائب بھی کر دیں - kzbin.info/www/bejne/g5CXi2N3et97nNk میں نے آپ کے جینل کو سبکرائب کرلیا آپ بھی میرے چینل کو سبکرائب کریں شکریہ

[@leonardoc.7718]

😂

[@rayoflight62]

The emptiness of matter was the first thing that truly surprised me, as very young physics students. Going into detail, it was the explanation of the experiment conducted by Ernest Rutherford with a radioactivity source, a gold foil and a fluorescent screen. Great explanation as always, Dr. Lincoln. Thank you!

[@ThinkingBetter]

I eat almost entirely empty space and still keep gaining weight...

[@ruslankazimov622]

Well....the weight you are gaining is almost entirely empty space ...

[@ThinkingBetter]

Ruslan Kazimov That made me laugh 😂...my eyes don’t see empty space though 🤔

[@Th3_UnKnOwN_PrO]

Hahahahaha. Thanks 4 the joke. This 1 really got me

[@TemplarX2]

You are gaining forcefields or fatfields to be exact. You own personal forcefield to keep you warm at night.

[@luckybarrel7829]

Just gaining more empty space

[@casvanmarcel]

how can one not love science. thanks for the knowledge. I feel more enlightened now.

[@Tadesan]

user you could be religious. Then you are scared if critical thinking.

[@chhavishjain6336]

There are 5 natures of matter right???

[@jonbold]

It is important to understand these hidden but fundamental truths about reality. It helps oh so very much that Dr. Lincoln can express them to the world in simple but concise English.

[@boballende]

Outstanding!!!

[@abhishekrr7349]

I started enjoying Physics more, when started watching to Dr. Lincoln's videos. Basically I'm a Biologist, still always love to watch Physics because him. He makes even the most complicated physics to be easily understood by a common man. Thanks Dr. Lincoln.

[@ericjane747]

Thank you Don. Public elementary schools I hope promote access to this quality work during school time.

[@ahmedshinwari]

Thought provoking! Thank you very much.

[@DerekVerLee]

He's right, this stuff is fantastic. It forces you to break down your intuitions that you have naturally built up about the world. It can be tough, slow going, but very rewarding. It gets even more fun when you start looking into what the "size" even means when it comes to objects at the quantum scale. There's always more to learn, which is great!

[@janettenacillaRMT]

thank you, Dr. Don I learned new today it did blow my mind.

[@travelerfinder7840]

This is one of those videos channels I click the like button scroll up then scroll down to click it again when I realize I click the like button already

[@constpegasus]

Yea!!!!!!!!!!!! I was waiting for those numbers. Thank you for that information and as always, keep them coming.

[@shripad56]

Simplicity of expression is very good with this video .

[@alphadawg81]

Thank you for blowing my mind on a regular basis!💡

[@JasonJason210]

Just started getting into Don's videos. Great stuff.

[@patrickellis3205]

Truthfully my favourite video on KZbin to date!

[@sfsoma]

Expertly explained. Well done.

[@SpaceCadet4Jesus]

Growing up my step-dad said "Boy..., you got an empty head" I didn't realize he was talking scientifically.

[@rodbrewster4629]

You should follow this up by showing why we actually see this empty space as specific colors and why we see through certain solids. Just to tie it all together.

[@doncourtreporter]

Outstanding,

[@tresajessygeorge210]

THANK YOU PROFESSOR LINCOLN...!!!

[@kotzzz9]

awesome!

[@justvideos3216]

Kind of a comforting thought. The next time I get on the scales I will think: No problem: 99.999999999% is just nothing.

[@paraglidingSafety]

Great show! thank you!

[@genericnamethingy]

That atom sound is spooky as hell

[@VEVOJavier]

Thanks!

[@bustacap503]

thanks Doctor I appreciate the deep knowledge.

[@Wisdom.and.whispers]

Great video!

[@joneslu1377]

It’s so clear! Thanks!

[@cosmian4248]

hats off to ur work.... 👍

[@ChristopherHartbooks]

Another great video - but too short! you made me so interested, and then it stopped. Guess I'll just have to watch the next one!

[@joecaner]

Always leave them begging for more...

[@blainetrenton9941]

I realize it is kinda off topic but does anyone know of a good place to stream newly released tv shows online?

[@hendrixharvey6506]

@Blaine Trenton I watch on flixzone. Just search on google for it =)

[@rexicola5638]

excellent videos on your channel !

[@johnrochfort7166]

You are a fantastic teacher

[@sephirothjc]

I recently came to this conclusion after reading a book on basic chemistry, it blew my mind.

[@MARSTVCHANNEL]

This is such an eye-opener wow! It is not the way we were taught, therefore the concept is new to me.

[@The_CGA]

The same can be said for the interior volume of the Hadrons, too

[@ThatRealShortKim]

Thanks for that it help me very well

[@syahbuljusuf7052]

OMG. totaly blows my mind.

[@gloribee1]

So, basically what you are saying is that we are pretty much nothing more than a lot of empty space---with anxiety.

[@DarthZackTheFirstI]

on lightspeed electron drugs!

[@rabarberellum1017]

Did physics at a sort of high school in Europe. Was completely bored by it, but since I follow Fermilab I love the ideas.

[@fckinnonstick9919]

Gravity blows our minds!

[@bawadevau]

Good sir

[@eminakarisik6695]

I really don’t know about this topic enough to discuss as I only briefly read about golden foil experiment with alpha particles… and wondered how are we sure that charge is not affecting our statistics? What if we confused nucleus size with the place where forces (attraction with orbiting electrons) cancel out? In other words I am saying that my first impression is that trajectory of particles does’t have to be perfectly straight even for the particles which are passing through the foil.

[@KhoiTran-sp9bm]

love your videos

[@BobWidlefish]

Love your videos! BTW there is quite a bit of microphone noise (I'm not referring to the sound effects -- turn up the volume around 4:52 for example and you'll hear what I'm talking about).

[@snake1250]

Nice i am so glade on clicked on this video. wow

[@astkcin]

I think Particle Accelerators are wonderful tools for exploring our world. I also read somewhere that a particle accelerator is a machine that turns your tax dollars into a small beam of atomic particles. Keep the videos coming Don!

[@kyatberrygirl7905]

Super class .I like ur class 😻

[@NeonsStyleHD]

Very cool as always. Could you explain the mechanics of Quantum Tunneling. I know the effect, but I'm interested in the choice of the word Tunneling. Do you mean through the Scalar field or Quantum foam? Aren't they the same thing? I'm guessing it tunnels through that sea of engergy below planck's length, but how can information pass that boundary?

[@michaelsommers2356]

+NeonsStyle The thing doing the tunneling tunnels through a potential barrier. Consider a mountain range you want to cross. It would take a lot of energy to climb over the mountains, but it's been a long day and you're tired and you just don't have the energy to do that. Fortunately for you, there's a tunnel through the mountain that you can use to get to the other side without spending all that energy. Similarly, can sometimes get over potential barriers even if they don't have the energy to do so in the usual fashion. Quantum particles are fuzzy, and don't have precise locations; they are sort of smeared out. That let's them have a very small probability of suddenly appearing on the other side of a barrier they normally couldn't cross. That's called tunneling by analogy with real tunnels.

[@abbasmehdi2923]

We can't push our hands into solids not of the repelling electric fields, but as ordinary as due to matter only ( without empty space ) . This is due to fact that , our hand cannot get into solids because the spaces between solids molecules is large ( as doc said ) but not that much large in comparison to our hands .

[@emilywong4601]

Who does the animation of subatomic particles and atoms?

[@rahulwiley]

Thanks' Indeed a epiphany moment.

[@DerLamer]

What is it that gives even a nucleus "volume" if not just more forces? It's fields, numbers and empty space all the way down.

[@stephm4047]

May the force (field) be with me !

[@rhlogic]

Really mind blowing. But Dr, if if we have it wrong about reality, we are still right not to walk against walls, except for being crazy.

[@RagingGeekazoid]

"Even though the atom is empty, it's filled up." Okay....... You should make those "force fields" (aka electron orbitals) look fuzzier so they can overlap. Then mention the Pauli exclusion principle, which is what really prevents atoms from getting closer to each other.

[@milovanbrkljac5914]

I have a question, what about the gases? They also have a force field, right? Do mine and their force fields not repel as much because in gases the atoms are not as packed up as in solid state?

[@martingrey2231]

I had already figured this. But thanks.

[@teletranoats7491]

I Told my my girl after watching this video she was nothing but empty space and she slapped me on the face . That proves another thing. Science is really rough sometimes!!

[@Mysoi123]

Don't worry; she didn't physically touch your atoms. Instead, she simply exchanged energy with your face through the photon field!

[@teletranoats7491]

@@Mysoi123 indeed..

[@jbmbryant]

The topic of this video reminds me of the fact that I would have made a good astronaut; all I did in school was take up space.

[@fahadraza7916]

Thanks for the video...But please explain me why electric force is both attractive and repulsive? and why magnetic forces only deflecting? Is there any rocket science in it or merely field line explanation is enough?

[@abdullakhashabi]

I really like it when I understand something scientific.

[@I_Am_Inside_Your_Head]

Hey, could you guys make a video on the nature of Alcatraz Matter next?

[@En-of5oh]

Always I wanted to know this fact, I like quantum physics like listening to music

[@SinKimishima]

is this force, the electro-magnetic force or the strong interaction force?

[@humanbass]

One of the the craziest conclusions about this is how dense the nucleus is. All of our weight is just in 0,0000001% of our volume. That's how black hole and neutron stars can get ultra dense, the strong gravity defeats the other forces and thus create a real conglomeration of particles with little to no space between them.

[@paweptaszek4976]

What about the gluon interactions, and virtual particle pairs annihilating, everywhere?

[@taalatchouf5427]

I didn't know shit like this. You amaze me sir and you deserve my respect. Now I'm subscribing... ❤️❤️

[@brianfoley4328]

Oh Hell Yeah, my mind is blown

[@irasthewarrior]

How matter interacts with antimatter at the subatomic level ?

[@toto-valentin]

whoa

[@jayski9410]

So what happens to a solid's "force fields" in a neutron star? Can it be called just a really dense solid or is it a different form of matter?

[@The_CGA]

The interior volume of the neutrons is still empty, just each neutron is held together by chromodynamic forces. In neutron stars, the larger electromagnetic force fields of protons and electrons is compressed away by gravity. The strong forcefield remains

[@dustinking2965]

Why do the same force fields sometimes attract and sometimes repel? The atoms of you are stuck together, and the atoms of the wall are stuck together, but you don't merge with the wall when you walk into it (at low speed), so the atoms of you and the atoms of the wall repel each other.

[@zakirhussain-js9ku]

Oppositely charged plates have electric field b/w them which is a force field, but it allows matter to pass thru.

[@justlikeparth1443]

😮 🤩 wow

[@neelasaraswathi151]

Do you mean that electrons in one atom repels electrons in other atoms thus making them solid

[@veronicats100]

Yep!!!

[@JoeD0403]

Now I don’t feel so bad about eating too much chocolate. Turns out I barely ate anything.

[@mtomat007]

So, molecules are different but from an atomic level, my atoms are the same as the atoms making up a wall. How come that they don't rearrange themselves when close by? Or do they, in really, at a v v low level?

[@gabrielkwiecinskiantunes8950]

Thanks John Cleese

[@nowhereman8374]

Dr Don, shouldn't you have explained how a 'force' field works? Do virtual particles exchange photons?

[@kupferknochen]

So, are these force fields negatively charged so that they repel each other when in contact with each other (like a magnet)?

[@kupferknochen]

+ScienceNinjaDude I still don't quite understand. If there are electric force fields that repel the electric charge of other atoms, surely they have either positive or negative charge? I'm a bit confused😐

[@kupferknochen]

+ScienceNinjaDude +ScienceNinjaDude OK, thanks 👍 so why do they interact with each other? Isn't it because it's negative electrons vs other negative electrons, so they repel each other?

[@kupferknochen]

+ScienceNinjaDude Thanks for explaining it to me 😀 I'm trying to learn more about physics.

[@kupferknochen]

+ScienceNinjaDude Agreed :) thx

[@ronaldderooij1774]

When atoms bond they share electrons. It is the attraction to the positively charged protons of these electrons that makes matter solid.

[@e271828r]

Dear Sir, Can you make a video about what really happens when you "touch" something? there are plenty of videos on the topic, but none are satisfying/accrurate. Some say it is due to pauli exclusion principle, other say its plain old repulsion of electrons.. I'm also interested in why the touching "doesn't feel like a force" i.e., there is no springiness to the force. For example, take a block of iron, after touching it, it exerts maybe thousands of pounds of force against compression, but just before touching, the force is practically zero. It seems very discontinuous to be a proper force. i would have expected it to be more like a compressed spring.

[@mydogbrian4814]

- So if electron force fields give matter particles their size & keeps them apart, Why isnt all mater a gas. How come it's forced apart and yet sticks together to form solids?

[@alessandrodalterio7556]

"Tiny sprinkling of particles" Cit. Dr.Don Lincoln

[@ronaldderooij1774]

You could have added that the components of atoms are force fields of themselves too (quarks, gluons, photons) and point like, so dimensionless. That would have made it even cooler. In the end, matter is energy as Einstein already figured out through non-quantum derivations.

[@followtherules4808]

If the whole body of mine is empty space then how I could be seen by others? And if this is the case then can we see electric field?

[@menecross]

You actually can every time.

[@usuario6638]

What is the mainframe of the Universe?

[@Dranimesh]

sir, but empty space is not empty right? its all about the gluon's field., based on quarks theory

[@tylermerlin8320]

Interference, ten yards. But seriously, do solids tremble at the speed of light?

[@BlackInMind5]

Hehe...i already knew that so the force field(s) composing my brain is not yet penetre...blown away. Nice video anyway.

[@malchicken]

A question: why did matter particles form from the early hot particle soup right after the Big Bang? I recently interpreted from a book discussion that matter particles are a result of cosmic inflation separating virtual particle and anti-particle partners before they could annihilate at a time when matter particles where favored over anti-matter. The virtual particles as a result became 'real' particles (with rest mass?) when they were so rapidly separated. I think of this as a similar process to Hawking radiation where one virtual (anti-)particle falls into the black hole while the other escapes and transforms the black holes gravitational energy into 'mass energy' and thus becomes a 'real' particle, shrinking the black hole. Is this an accepted hypothesis to why matter particles formed from the early universe? Is the Hawking radiation analogy applicable? Thanks.

[@malchicken]

+ScienceNinjaDude Ah, helpful, thank you. I think my quarry may be more fundamental than dealing with matter or antimatter, though; a better wording might be: why is there matter at all (whether anti or normal)? Why would the universe not be a uniform distribution of energy? Why the 'clumping' into matter? The excerpt from Universe From Nothing is the first I've read of a potential explanation; but maybe the cooling and subsequent separation of the forces is enough to explain why energy would clump.

[@malchicken]

+ScienceNinjaDude oh right, I forget that it's all just fields and forms of energy. The 'Spacetime' channels recent video on the nature of mass also helped, revealing mass as the 'emergent' property from kinetic and potential energy interactions. Okay, that works, thanks; I'll just take it as mass as an emergent phenomena of energy, and the rest is the manipulation of fields interacting with each other to produce the four fundamental forces. Matter as we know it then would be just energy and fields manipulated like origami into unique particle forms, relating back to the Big Bang and that 'spontaneous symmetry breaking' or whatever which broke up the fellowship of the forces.

[@mklik4]

4:51 "force field of the wall repel my force field". Liquids and gases also have force fields, why are we able to go through those?

[@owlthemolfar4690]

In liquids and gasses individual atoms and/or molecules aren't bound to the sertain position. So then force fields repelling each other atoms have place where to go. As Archimedes state then you put the sertain volume of materian in to the water - you pull out the same volume of water.

[@PraetorDrew]

Except that matter is even weirder than that. The electron is not like a planet orbiting the sun, but more like a cloud surrounding the nucleus. They don't really have a definite position. Even stranger than that, modern particle physics states that particles do not have a definite size. They are like mathematical points which interact with different quantum fields. That interaction is what gives particles their impact. So again, marbles are a poor representation of particles. So atoms are not "mostly empty space." The reality is even stranger than that.

[@DavidAndrewsPEC]

I think he _knows_ this ... this is the starting off point for getting into that thinking ...

[@isoljator]

I think Dr. Lincoln is aware of all that, and some more. It's just that he's also an educator, recognizing that the simplified example he has chosen is likely more approachable than something more accurate but also more complex of a description. He even foresees comments like yours (ref. "purists") in the following seconds of this other, related Fermilab clip : kzbin.info/www/bejne/rmnKo4Fpr7Vrmck

[@RobinCarter]

Is that why it's called Firmilab?

[@ahmadarsy2684]

Now i know why i feel empty inside...

[@Lucius_Chiaraviglio]

The planet-like picture of atoms is misleading -- electrons do orbit nuclei, but due to quantum physics, the orbit(al)s do not look much like planetary orbits until you get way up in the ladder of energy states (much higher than any obtainable atom in its ground state).

[@marklee1462]

how big a microscope do I need such that I can see empty space you are referring to, send me a photo

[@MarianneExJohnson]

Another way of looking at it is that there's nothing mysterious about the enormous density of neutron stars: those are just made up of matter *without* all the empty space.