0:00: relevance/importance of memory, types of memory: definitions and origins. 5:00: 1) memory is improved if can be related to past experiences (old experiment) 2) memory is not accurate (live experiment) 13:00 superior autobiographical memory patient 15:00 patient H.M. - hippocampus for autobiographical memory and memory formation 19:00 place cells (discovery + new experiment) 33:00 scene construction 38:00 boundary extension 49:00 questions
@pamelarose15478 жыл бұрын
Her voice is gentle on the ears; her pacing suits people new to this info; she involves the audience with preparation and well-timed repeats; her focus is on sharing the info not so much on making a big impression so she does! I learned about one's memory as related to the hippocampus (spell check: really?) when I was still a blank canvas and am left curious for more since she made it seem attainable...I'm gonna track her down and look for more
@alexandermills3826 жыл бұрын
pamela rose OO
@alistairbalistair95963 жыл бұрын
she was ok
@HarryNicNicholas3 жыл бұрын
thank you for that insightful comment, it will live in my memory forever. perhaps one day i will fathom why you bothered.
@conservaliberaltarian27532 жыл бұрын
Is this an actual British dialect? She's just speaking in a British accent with an American R.
@billymanilli2 жыл бұрын
I dunno... that "smacking" noise (like she has peanut butter in the roof of her mouth), kinda ruins it for me. Just my humble little 2 cents. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
@leahrockstar4 жыл бұрын
The delivery of this lecture was a Rockstar performance, the voice with character, great use of the stage, a set list that kept you interested and hooked.
@alistairbalistair95963 жыл бұрын
it was ok
@sergef.78222 жыл бұрын
Way too controlled in my opinion. She needs to loosen up. Great content though.
@gunterbraunkinder48762 жыл бұрын
shes reading her lecture. Ah it must be about memory...
@TheRoyalInstitution10 жыл бұрын
Watch our latest Friday Evening Discourse 'The neuroscience of memory' with Eleanor Maguire now up on the Ri Channel and have a go at some of her experiments yourself. #science #video
@carolinepaquier81566 жыл бұрын
I would love to see an RI study of the cognition and behavior of Alzheimer patients before, during, and after hearing music. This is being studied by observable behavioral results but it would be valuable to see what's happening deep in their brains which could possibly lead to a treatment for this terrible disease.
@beuxjmusic2 жыл бұрын
Not only a great lecture, but some solid questions! All in all, I enjoyed this video very much, and very consistently, throughout!
@TheTrueReiniat5 жыл бұрын
MY MIND IS BLOWN. The best part of this is I had read Kant's quote before and I was thinking about it as she brought it up.
@thomassoliton14823 жыл бұрын
Congratulations - you have an intact hippocampus!
@Ludifant2 жыл бұрын
19:48 ah, that makes perfect sense, that anekdotal or autobiographic memory is so closely linked to the memory of places. That would be why most memory athletes make journeys or memory castles or roman rooms. It is one of the strongest and most flexible ways to bind anekdotes to memory. The next ones in my opinion and experience of memory training would be persons/objects, actions, causes (relational information) and for some people stories. If you have a strong autobiographical memory, using personal touches works a treat as well. And singular or strange things are easier to remember. That´s why I use PECS, making things personal, emotional (or urgent), crazy/peculiar/singular, and specific to attach them to places and autobiographic memory. And I use people and objects for coding systems, which makes it necessary to be very specific. Other people use stories, which is also quite flexible, but that is not my strongsuit, especially under pressure. It seems rats, humans and roombas have more in common than previously thought.
@ThisIS_Insane Жыл бұрын
Ms Maguire is so stunning, I almost forgot the subject matter, several times! It was a very intriguing lecture! Thank you, Prof Maguire!
@Dr10Jeeps3 жыл бұрын
Thank you Dr. Maguire and RI for another excellent lecture. Very interesting and informative.
@alanbunyan50073 жыл бұрын
Fascinating stuff. So, put very simply, it would appear that the primary function of memory, rather than to recall the past, is to help us make sense of the present and anticipate the future...
@treeburgess8 жыл бұрын
This is an excellent set of facts for refuting the still practiced recovered memory therapy.
@histreeonics77703 жыл бұрын
43 minutes in most of the memory she has talked about has been visual. My recovered memories (mostly confirmed by my mother) are very visceral. That is perhaps the difference between traumatic memories and 'normal' episodic ones.
@ryanfrizzell7362 жыл бұрын
Now I have the memory of the neuroscience of memory in my memory. Oh what a memorable memory!
@kennethpao135511 ай бұрын
Just stumbled across this wonderful KZbin video explaining human memory in thoroughly enjoyable Queen's English and excellent presentation. Thank you RI.
@emeriosuarez46423 жыл бұрын
Took me 6 years to enjoy this lecture!. But still think is up to date!!.
@EdgarRoock2 жыл бұрын
43:58 I was assuming that the enlarged black and white "noise" image they placed between the two images played a crucial role in this test but apparently it didn't. Would have liked to hear an explanation for the odd choice of that frame.
@TheWyrdSmythe8 жыл бұрын
Interesting talk! I've wondered, given physical determinism, if free will might be found in our ability to visualize different potential (future) realities. I like the idea that memory's main function is enabling our ability to make those visualizations. Memory enables free will!
@rodrigoperezdecastro250810 жыл бұрын
I really Iove these kinds of lectures, but my only problem with Ri is with the sound. Couldn´t you try to pass the audio track into a "S" suppresser. The "ssss" are extremely annoying. Same thing with Tara Shears lecture on antimatter.
@smrt-e10 жыл бұрын
Yeah I agree. Filter this shiz. The sticky lips and sticky tongue to the roof of the mouth noise is infuriatingly annoying. Guaranteed that lots of people skip these videos because of that.
@archangel40769 жыл бұрын
Once I read this comment I couldn't stop hearing it
@mohdyusuffsharif9447 жыл бұрын
Rodrigo Perez de Castro should focus on content....nobody perfect...trivial issues are forgiven.
@norwegianzound7 жыл бұрын
I dunno. That lovely Irish accent makes it very bearable.
@TheTotalhunk7 жыл бұрын
Like Arch Angel, I was unaware until I read the nit-pickers. I guess I just assumed she had loose dentures or had just eaten a peanut butter sandwich.
@oNtuobAwoH6 жыл бұрын
I find the drawing from memory demo somewhat lacking in that there is much to be said about people's drawing capabilities. By that I don't mean the lacking realism of the photos, I mean that most people will start with the bananas, but most people will also be poor judges of the room the finishes work will take, so in an effort to not extend the borders of the paper, they will tend to make them smaller. This is best seen with people who turned out to actually be somewhat proficient at drawing. They were closer to the right ratio, but they still saved some space on a reflex. Only when you're finished reserving the space for bananas do you realize how much more room is left, and it is only then that you start filling in the surplus room. Had they been given something more easily defined, such as a couple of geometrical bodies with clearly defined positional and size relations, I think the results would have been much more precise, even if said object were placed in similarly textured surroundings. What I'm trying to say is that I'm not sure this phenomenon could really be fully ascribed to boundary extension as easily as it has been.
@snyggmikael5 жыл бұрын
Yea, kinda weird test. I would expect this to fail as a student experiment example in a uni class. It does not really prove anything clearly, there might be to many variables that can lead to errors in the conclusion.
@MichaelHarrisIreland5 жыл бұрын
Yes, you're right. There are always other explanations. I believe there are no true equivalents so it more difficult to prove something than people think. It seems everything is separate so proof would have to be over many differing situations all pointing in one direction.
@garret19305 жыл бұрын
I have a feeling that good comicbook artists are familiar with the concept of boundary extension and how to use it to shove extra background in to a scene without having to draw it.
@I.m_glad_you.re_here4 жыл бұрын
Hahaha! I didn’t think of that, but I’m sure that’s exactly what happens! Great point!
Жыл бұрын
My wife has that "all life" memmory. She remembers everything. Say any day she will tell you what she did, who were she was with, wich day of the week it was, what was she wearing, what was the person she was with was wearing, what soup opera was on TV and what happenned on that chapter. And she is the happiest person I've ever seen.
@Originalimoc Жыл бұрын
😯
@zack_1203 жыл бұрын
22:22 - Excellent! The virtual tour of London with fMRI of brain activities shown along is very informative for learning about brain.
@Ludifant2 жыл бұрын
@58:00 more recent research into the seat of the self did indeed point towards the hippocampus and more core structures of the brain leading into the spine and contests strongly the former placing of in the frontal cortex (with studies of patients who had no frontal cortex but still had a strong sense of self). So this remains an excellent question also since it is a bit of an ethical one. Like the researcher said, we can´t just stick electrodes in humans, but apparantly we can just stick them in rats. Understanding that rats may have a similar sense of self might open up the ethics of that practice again.
@ravanarbabi1404 жыл бұрын
It may be that the majority did not fail but were more honest with their response! They said how they see the object on the screen and not what they should have seen. But the reason why the second image seems larger may be the effect of recognition that makes the image perceived more clearly and in more detail.
@diynevala3 жыл бұрын
So, the "star trek explanation" is that hippocampus is a sort of a holodeck in your mind, where you can play back and even generate plausible simulations based on limited data.
@Troyster948066 жыл бұрын
This was a great lecture. The bananas scene was definitely food for thought, yes I know, I made a funny. Anyway, I personally didn't have a problem remembering that the bananas took up most of the scene. It's not that I'm unable to imagine beyond that, I just remembered what the scene looked like. When comparing sizes of images, my eyes saw the second images as larger but my brain told me that they must be the same size or there would be no point to the demonstration. I think we see the second image bigger because of some kind of auto anticipation. Normally when something in the real world flashes at us, the object is coming toward us. To me it seemed to have something to do with that.
@achatinaslak7422 жыл бұрын
I totally agree !
@efox20013 жыл бұрын
Fascinating presentation, thank you so much for making this available!
@kevinmathewson42723 жыл бұрын
6:42 has important implications for teaching. I wish more lecturers understood this. You need a christmas tree before you can hang ornaments.
@teeI0ck3 жыл бұрын
showing an accurate and deep understanding; great perceptive. 💡 Muito obrigado for all the insightful information. 🤝
@youremom54632 жыл бұрын
Memory is the meaning of life, it's our purpose
@thomassoliton14823 жыл бұрын
Interesting question about rat place-cells. (1) Even if the place cells were identical in 2 rats (unlikely), it is most unlikely you could record from the “same” one in 2 different rats. (2) Space is relative, so the place-cells presumably fire in a spatial pattern relative to some fixed cue - position of a food reward or visual cue for example. So, what if you have a rat that on 4 successive days shows the same pattern of place cell firing when always fed at some point (e.g. 12:00 on the arena) and then change the reward location to 5:00 for 4 days. Would the place-cell firing re-orient also? (Of course all other possible orientation cues would have to be controlled for or masked).
@Ludifant2 жыл бұрын
On the importance of memory: you couldn´t hear a sound, without your body keeping track of what happened before, since sounds are CHANGES in air pressure, sustained for more than one 850th of second. This is true for more or less all senses, in sight it´s 250th of a second etc etc, so I maintain, that without memory in it´s most primitive form, perception is impossible. We don´t usually think of these processes of involving memory, unless it is in the process of making sense of what you hear or see (categorization), but that is merely shortsightedness.
@Littleprinceleon2 жыл бұрын
Can there be a system consisting of only information processing parts? I mean where the results of processing immediately change the environment from which the information flows into the "processor". So in a sense the environment acts as a storage system "recording" the changes. Just thinking aloud along the lines how molecules could have assembled into self-replicating systems, without more permanent storage.
@arunshukla73223 жыл бұрын
Excellent. Very informative, useful and comprehensible to laymen.
@Gandalf179 жыл бұрын
her voice is so beautiful
@MrJamesdryable7 жыл бұрын
You wouldn't say that if she was a fat chick.
@Ludifant2 жыл бұрын
@41:54 I have to contest this methodology. The conclusion might still be true, but it cannot be concluded from the setup of this experiment. The "masking image" had a much smaller object in it, the process of animation or gluing together of subsequent images to create a movement, which is well documented and will start way before 42 ms at around 3ms under normal stress levels, would make a subject record an increase in size, leading to a logical conclusion of a closer object. So this could very well be and is more likely to be a case of priming, context and animation. The same experiment would have to be done with a bigger object in the masking image and if the results are then still conclusive, only then might we consider this to be an effect of background extension. It seems a perfectly reasonable hypothesis, but just not very well isolated in this particular experiment. Also, if the subsequent explanation were true the masking image wouldn´t need to have an object in it at all and that gets me wondering, why there even is an object (green smiley) there. The picture test can have an alternative explanation too. It might be, that being "stuck in the present" made them more attentive and therefore better artists, because what all the regular folk showing background extension missed is analysing the layout or composition of the picture of the four bananas and finding that the bananas touched the border of the picture on both sides, were horizontal and had the concave part up, forming a sort of cup but mostly horizontal bent line and then estimate the angle of the background´s incline, so as to estimate the decrease in apparant size of the stones in order to reproduce the overall effect. 15 seconds is ample time to do this with some training, which I´d argue they have had spontaneously, because of their condition. I had to teach loads of students not to draw what they knew, or thought they saw, but what they actually saw. Which means, you have to step out of your normal view of reality and look at it as if it is already on paper and then just trace it. This method increases drawing quality dramatically within hours and revealed to me that most people, without this training see the world symbolically in stead of actually around 90% of the time. Midieval artist got this training of composition and perspective by painting on a slab of glass, closing one eye and keeping their head really still. We still have pictures of devices to help them do just that. They discovered all kinds of principles like contrapunctive ordonance, layering and "coulissen", that would increase depth-perception of an image. Cues that would help imagining a scene. So, while I do believe background extension is something that exists, this to me isn´t very convincing proof. Maybe this is just because it is "dumbed down" a bit and very much is omited, but this is the Royal Institution and it seems a bit too speculative.
@Ludifant2 жыл бұрын
Just saw that this is 2012 and a lot has happened in this last 10 years in our understanding of memory, consciousness and the sense of self. So in view of that, I think some in those time rather normal biases may be forgiven and mostly just points to how groundbreaking the research described was..
@durpdurper27688 жыл бұрын
The first thing I took note of was the bananas were ripe, horizontal, sitting on rocks, took up the majority of the picture and there were four of them... in that order. Then I took note of the size of the rocks and ran out of time. (The other pictures were same same.) I then drew the picture as accurately as the in patients. Somehow I don't feel cheated.
@chriscraven957210 жыл бұрын
If someone with Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (on day C) recalls a day (B) when they were recalling a previous day (A) do they recall what they recalled of day A or just the recollection of recollecting day A.
@katiekat44577 жыл бұрын
Chris Craven I have watched a lot of programs and yes they do. They gave someone a random date and the first thing that came out of his mouth was "I remember that I was happy because the night before we went to.." I forget where he had gone and then he went on to say what he did all day for the day that they asked him about. They remember what they ate at meals, what they did, what day it landed on, who they were with, things people said, what shows they watched and which episode, what was on the news, the weather. They remember everyday of their life. There are no gaps after the age they start remembering at. The ages at which it starts varied but it was from like 4-7 yrs old. It is absolutely insane. They just discovered them maybe 15-20 years ago because some lady was complaining about it. Then when they did a story about her, other people were like "remembering like this isn't normal?" They just thought they had good memories and other people had bad memories. They all love it but not the original lady that they found. She is miserable because she focuses on all the bad stuff that was said to her. It's really interesting.
@thenorthpostmarketskiles86625 жыл бұрын
*brain explodes
@dannyslammy43795 жыл бұрын
@@katiekat4457 And yet Borges wrote a short story about it 40 years ago: Funes the Memorious
@rfvtgbzhn4 жыл бұрын
I find it kind of strange that these people can't control when they recall things. I mean I know quite well what I did and ate yesterday (of course not every detail, e.g. I don't remember all the web pages I visited yesterday), but I don't think a lot about that...
@jeanettesdaughter4 жыл бұрын
Yes.
@moiquiregardevideo8 жыл бұрын
As far as I can remember from 5 years old to 50+, I never been able to imagine anything in the sense of bringing any type of picture. No scene, no single object, no color, no shape. I am not blind. I can look at a map and navigate thru streets, I read and write text, and electronic schematics. I even learned to read Chinese. After 5 years, I knew about 2000 out of 6500 characters that are known by most people in China. I was using many different brain area for memorizing these characters. The hand motion of drawing on paper and drawing with the tip of the finger, the auditory memory was involved when counting the number of strokes and the meaning of each radicals elements that form a Chinese character. My auditory memory is normal or maybe superior compared to normal people. I can replay in my head a music that I heard for the first time on radio. It is possible that I don't really catch all the details, such as some faint musical instruments. It is quite distinct to "feel that we know" and the reality of really knowing. Beside the basic emotions such as "happy", "sad", "disappointment", etc there is many more basic feeling that the study of brain structure will reveal such as "I saw that person before", "I never saw that" and "I am not sure".,
@nespith5 жыл бұрын
Same here. I have no auditory memory either though.
@prosodiclearning5 жыл бұрын
Your audtory memory (of prosody) holds your working memory as well as your ability to imagine (image)
@nespith5 жыл бұрын
@@prosodiclearning I generally just know what I'm thinking without words. I can't play songs back in my head or hear conversations. I can choose to use inner speech if I want to but I generally don't outside of reading/writing. This article describes it www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810008000524
@prosodiclearning5 жыл бұрын
@frostek I came upon the remediation inadvertently I thought she was dyslexic...until we both realised it was about image ,not working mory
@prosodiclearning5 жыл бұрын
m so sad that these pitifully easy to understand and fix (aphantasia /dyslexia); seeing them labelled with having a "condition" that needs a "cure" is the language of snake-oil salesman..
@Arbetrayer3 жыл бұрын
I have ADHD and immediately noticed there was no difference in the pictures, and I was rather confident in the fact before she posted the results. I wonder if there is any correlation. I dearly wished I would have drawn the Banana now before finishing the talk!!
@tbbbtoolsbooksbladebones5563 жыл бұрын
Nevermind. You are dwindling on hope.
@steveh38723 жыл бұрын
Yes there is a good chance that you have an altered hippocampus function. I do not understand the response from Shivam Shandiliya. Sounds like a troll.
@tbbbtoolsbooksbladebones5563 жыл бұрын
@@steveh3872 Took you long enough to descend
@redneckwhitetrashbluecolla77213 жыл бұрын
Same here . I noticed they were the same immediately and utterly confident in that . ADHD has been a blessing in some cases in my life .
@HarryNicNicholas3 жыл бұрын
remembering smells is the most extraordinary thing.
@anotherdoseyt4 жыл бұрын
33:03 Are these patient able to form usual dreams?
@neopholis10 жыл бұрын
At 34, I can remember up to individual orders for tables of 12 to 16 people and get a 92% accuracy. I continue to exercise this portion of my brain.
@WinrichNaujoks4 жыл бұрын
How annoying if you get 8% of your orders wrongs. Diners won't be happy.
@Boomproof10 жыл бұрын
I've got a question, as I have followed this Presentation as being part of it: Referring to the perspective test with the Bananas, I drawed them proportional to the picture, and also added the almost unseen 4th banana and the elevation caused by the possible 5th one in the background. I also saw both pictures (the one with the shovel and the one with the sewing thread + needle) as being exactly the same. I also occur not to suffer any kind of dementia nor amnseia. A possibly important information is that I have consumed THC prior to the video. Given the case I weren't using any kind of neurostimulant, just for the sake of the question, what would this say about my Hypocampus and it's functionality? And in the case of prior consumption?
@moy201010 жыл бұрын
I'm sorry if my reply to your question bothers you, but I hope that it'll be useful for you. What I learned from this lecture is that the people who draw the bananas scene almost perfectly, pretty much have a damage in their hippocampi. This damage can be caused either by the use of drugs such as THC, alcohol, depression, physical damage, etc.
@Boomproof10 жыл бұрын
Interesting! to some extent I'm sure that can be correct, yet posterior to this video I've been informing myself about perception, and how different types of people put more value to deterministic information, rather then context information (analytical view vs practical view, "What describes a scene, and what's useful information about said scene"). This could be the case in most Introverted people, as this ones (to wich I count myself) tend not to value smalltalk and trivial themes, as opposed to philosophical or ideological discussions. In short form: Introverted people (Or the psychology of the Introverted mind) try to achieve maximum comprehension about that what interests them, and in this case, the tests subdued to the watchers were, in this case, the focus of my attention. My guess still is that premises like the one showed in this video are still on the very surface about our knowledge about ourselves and our brain functionalities. There are just too many factors not taken into consideration that to some extent, the results are vague, maybe just hinting with little leads facing to a bigger, more influential factor about the "personalities" of human beings.
@moy201010 жыл бұрын
Yep, it's really interesting :D. In my current point of view, those who put more value to deterministic information, or consider that the output of that specific situation cannot be altered, are those whose amygdala has damaged their hyppocampi, affecting both the encoding of new memories (by difficulting LTP, impossibiliting further process of the situation by the prefrontal cortex, etc.) and the memory retrieval process (as seen in this lecture). Otherwise, those who put more effort or time analyzing the context of the situation (making more assumptions, retrieving more correlated facts or memories, etc.) are those whose prefrontal context silences their amygdala, thereby taking control of the situation. Therefore, those who have a more amygdala-shifted processing have simplier personalities and faster, yet simplier decission making skills. Because this damage doesn't extent only to the "personalities" of individuals, but also to their capacity to handle more difficulty situations, their learning capacity, etc., is why it's so important to use this knowledge to make adjustments in our educational policies, our judgement of empathic situations, and so much more. Pretty much, our vision of the world and human interaction.
@Boomproof10 жыл бұрын
What about the possibility of a natural occurring "unbalance" in brain activity? Similar to the ones observed in gifted children, to whom I consider myself one; We tend to have totally normal social skills, yet we tend to prefer working alone. Empathy problems aren't usual either, yet our brain activity is above normal when concentrating. Detail perfection is something that I can but don't want to dodge. It's also true that social connectivity might drain our energy, in the means of wanting "a moment of peace", referring to a short period of time in which we enjoy being "left alone" (not to be confused with being "alone"). Could it be that a lack of logical errors happening in perceptions of non-normal brains are described as failures in brain activity? If so, we should learn to differentiate between an "error" and a "malicious/benign mutation", as for the existence of geniuses is factual, and their brain activity abnormal (compared to a "normal" person).
@moy201010 жыл бұрын
Well, AFAIK what you mention is a common misconception. The so called "gifted kids" do not have brain activity above normal when concentrating. In fact, it's exactly the opposite. This is due to the fact that it's easier for them to process the information. Another fact is that an above normal brain activity is really exhausting, thus making it easier to stress the individual and stop the concentration or analysis. The processing of emotions is done equally regardless of your IQ or your gift. The distinction would be somewhere in between the emotions and the feelings (Antonio Damasio is a great reference on this subject). Why gifted kids tend to be alone? I would rather blame the society, since their social interactions are rather difficult and they tend to become even harder as they grow up.
@dlou32643 жыл бұрын
Excellent information and presentation! Excellent questions and answers!
@hendrikhendrikson294110 жыл бұрын
As always, a really amazing lecture. Thank you!
@piroskamohacsinagy136010 ай бұрын
Outstanding lecture & exceptionally engaging. Thank you !
@Nitephall7 жыл бұрын
So memory is about reconstructing the past based on present experiences. That still doesn't get at the core issue of how we have a sense of a past at all. What exactly gets stored in the brain, if anything?
@stanleyklein5245 жыл бұрын
Don't ask don't tell -- the motto of contemporary neuroscience and psychology (not because they actually know).
@mojophe16173 жыл бұрын
I wonder if stimulation or lack of stimulation in early years development impact their mental image construction in later years. I really enjoyed the lecture. Thank you.
@kn9ioutom2 жыл бұрын
MEMORY IS WHAT I FORGET WITH !!!
@marilynblum73246 жыл бұрын
What is the learning memory type of persons in the audience? Some people are visual learners. Being able to give the correct answer because they are visual thinkers ?Age and speed of processing ability of the person could make the difference? Before or after TBI or brain surgery including IQ with and without learning disability? What are the details of the theory used for researchers related to each patient before and after cognitive changes?Recall? History of convergent vs divergent thinking? How we are taught to learn and how we can ?
@Darkanight3 жыл бұрын
Excellent presentation! I did draw bananas which took up as much space as in the picture, though! =(
@seriouskaraoke8796 жыл бұрын
I have a persistent childhood memory of having just discovered the concept of "photographic memory" which was relayed to me in the raw on the playground from one of the many know-it-all sixth graders who had the obligation to educate the lower grades on how the world really worked. I was completely enamored with this concept and shared it with as many kids as would listen to me and not one of them seemed to get it as I did. "So? Big deal." What I needed was to bounce this off an adult to explore this concept further and that adult turned out to be my dullard father. He was a helluva good story teller but he wasn't much of a thinker. Without hesitation he pulled a reply out of his ass and informed me that would be a very bad thing to have. I asked why but inside I was thinking this is going to be a whole other level of stupid. "Because your brain can only hold so much and if you remembered everything it would fill up and you would die." Yep, I was right.
@kartikmessner28685 жыл бұрын
Hahaha.good story.: )
@qwertychat2 жыл бұрын
What shape is a seahorse hippocampus?
@thomassoliton14823 жыл бұрын
Fascinating lecture Dr. Maguire. I first heard of HM in a lecture by Larry Squires while a student at UCSD. Subsequently I was a grad student in Joseph Altman’s lab at Purdue. Also your taxi driver study is featured in the Brain section of the Franklin Inst. in Philadelphia. The story reminds me of the title of the Firesign Theater album, “How can you be in two places at once when you’re not anywhere at all?” The hippocampus is the bridge between the past and present, able to recall elements of information about past events given current context to imagine or visualize some novel (future?) setting - fundamentallly, the basis for prediction. In the “super autobiographical” patients, a scene is not broken down into iconic elements - dogs, people, buildings, streets, etc. Instead it must be stored like a jigsaw puzzle stitched together only be temporal cues, and cannot be recalled on the basis of a given person, scenes with dogs, the London Wheel, etc. Such individuals do not decompose the world into “common” elements capable of being rearranged intependently of time of acquisition. I am only half-way through but I am willing to bet they have a deficit in REM sleep and dreaming - which relies on the hippocampus. Kudos!
@dr.muhammadrabiulalam76163 жыл бұрын
Most Influential Scientific different discussion . Most merciful Who Created for humankind. Dr Muhammad Rabiul Alam,
@bruceylwang4 жыл бұрын
Well, simply put, “Mind” is controlling the memory of the past and the future. Brain is just a tool. Regarding the bananas, an analytical person or a good tennis player would focus on the 4th banana in the picture “first”, then pay attention to the background etc. That says, mind uses memory with Changing Timing Scenes related to the MS. “Mind” is a structure (MS) which is constructed by experiences, while it decides the thought (thinking routes per se). Again, brain is just a tool. The “firing signals” in brain cells are simply following the mind’s thought.
@helenamcginty49204 жыл бұрын
Yes. I wondered what happened to the 4th banana. But why an analytical person or a tennis player? I like to draw and take photos but tend to compose my photos. I learned in the old days of film and it was expensive for students so we took care.
@beuxjmusic2 жыл бұрын
When quoting Alice in Wonderland within the context of Science or Mathematics, I think it is important to inform the listener that the writer of the Alice Saga was not an author, but a Mathematician, and that the entire Wonderland adventure is likely just an allegorical expression of our mathematical reality, written by someone who, despite being renowned for their greatness, was likely yet greater.
@brendanwebb60294 жыл бұрын
I feel bad for the guy in the right bottom corner hoping he gets picked for questions - 20 minutes and she only fielded one question from that side of the room
@mihavatovec3373 жыл бұрын
Ha ha
@granduniversal3 жыл бұрын
That's so funny. I noticed that too.
@aakashmehta6050 Жыл бұрын
Came to the comments for this :)
@tjmarx2 жыл бұрын
I find it interesting that every time a text is displayed and read aloud Eleanor adds words to that text on her own which are not in reality present in that text. The first "memory" experiment given to the audience didn't rely on memory at all. It's about saccades. Most people were unable to see enough information in the initial image to make a memory or comparison. It's a cheat and has nothing to do with boundary extension.
@rfvtgbzhn4 жыл бұрын
I know someone who remembers every football match of Rapid Vienna that he has seen (probably at least 1000) in detail (he remembers every goal including the minute and the player and how it was shot and everything else of great importance that happened in this match) but he seems to live a normal life. Does he have Highly superior autobiographical memory or is there a difference explanation? I would like to remember every football match of Rapid Vienna in detail, but I actually have problems remembering results that where just a few months ago.
@krisztianvribek21794 жыл бұрын
I think that must be an assymetric feautre of his/her brain. So if it excels on a field like that, then must have be some other where it discfunctions or just perform poorly. All of our features are characterised by normal distribution, if something is sticking out, then we might expect some malfunctions in some point of the system.
@williambryant68178 жыл бұрын
Is there any research that examines the effect surprise has on memory? Particularly, when the emotion of surprise is strong, does the memory from that particular experience have more strength than others?
@soulreaperichig05 жыл бұрын
1:56 Memories are the glue that holds society together
@prabeeshnair91745 жыл бұрын
And the blades that tear them apart
@EvenTheDogAgrees4 жыл бұрын
1:04:40 - So, watch this space, we'll let you know... So... Have you? If so, where? Not being snarky or anything, but if there's an update on this, I'm quite curious. Especially w.r.t. the impact of the ever-connected society on things like imagination and scene construction.
@marklibman4334Ай бұрын
What is the physical change in a neural pathway that takes place when a memory is formed and how can it persist for years, even decades?
@RuhollahHosni2 жыл бұрын
В философии под рациональностью понимается эпистемологический взгляд, который представляет собой «разум как главный источник и критерий познания» [1] или «любой взгляд как разум как источник познания или обоснования».
@mihavatovec3373 жыл бұрын
Imagin a ordinary person delivering that message to the audience...you really have to be some kind of an actor knowing ahead what are you doing to avoid some traps from where its hard to get out
@LashZhvania-Movies-MMA-Science3 жыл бұрын
How it comes that i have perfect autobiographical Memory but i cant remember texts from the 📚 readers?! i would love to exchange those types of memory for my success
@obsessedmalou3 жыл бұрын
Should I be getting a neurological evaluation? I didn't make any of the errors she mentioned were normal.
@snyggmikael5 жыл бұрын
If you ever done photo compositon, you know what to look for. If anything moved in detail or from the frame etc. If you did not know what to focus on you have nothing to or everything to absorb and to memorize. And that is not how most if any human memory works, aka "photographic memory". Well according to the new Sherlock Holms series with Benedict Cumberbatch as Sherlock, they will give him the ability to recall a visual moment and look at it again in detail hours, days, months or even years after he saw it, exactly like using Google glasses and photoshop combined. Well, I speculate it's some arbitrary truth to that, but as everything fictinal made 10x more than what it really is. (Wrote this after the test). But, I guess that is what they call a margin of error lel Also, with logic it's hard to even conceive that she would make the test so that it would be impossible to actually see the difference, and with a little deduction aka weighting the possibilities, it would not make any sense that she would, because it would lose any point of doing the test. Reasonably, one way would obviously be that all pictures was the same, or that the last one was slight off but made to trick you, like moving the dot but nothing els again point out the hole idea of the test and how memory in this instans is used and work.
@ElroyMunson4 жыл бұрын
I did the 'Spatial Space Test ' and had Less space in the background... not more... My head must be mush
@billyohara2393 жыл бұрын
Very interesting i have suffered on my life from a very bad short-term memory i often wonder why would causes it
@julian.kollataj5 жыл бұрын
What I found lacking was how memory is tied to the body in terms of embodiment of memory / memory stored in the myofascia, and how it does this, on a scientific level. What was also missing, for me, was a simple description of what the place cell firing was doing in terms of significance for the mouse and what 'liking' on scientific / significance level meant. She gave interesting content, but didn't quite relay how this information can be integrated into our daily living to enhance it. What is the purpose of communicating science if the conclusions are not being interpreted by the researcher into usefulnesses to help transform our awareness and actions / behaviours? This might be activating our intellect but not our intelligence.
@vilnis-trash4 жыл бұрын
This video should be called "A Random Experiments Proving Hippocampuses Function". It's nothing more than that
@danielc.freteval56854 жыл бұрын
But it's a woman that do the talk!
@gonderage4 жыл бұрын
The idea of memory being about the future instead of the past reminds me of Stanislas Dehaene's perception of human brains as squishy Bayesian predictors in his book How We Learn. Very familiar idea!
@joshuanell46346 жыл бұрын
I thought it was already decided that the job of the temporal lobes were to traffic past and present events so that you can know what happened in the passed in relation to the present and make a judgment based on what past experiences you might have off of the present circumstances.
@DestinyQx9 жыл бұрын
the experiment at around 12:00 doesn't seem to be about errors in memory at all.. it seemed to be more about perception..the longer one looks at the 2nd image (the image that stays on the screen) the more the 2nd image just looks larger than the 1st.. but if we are only allowed to look at BOTH images for a split second.. they do appear the same size.. we are only given a split second to look at the 1st image.. it's simply not enough time to analyze the image and compare it with the 2nd image.. that seems more of a limitation in our visual perception rather than any kind of memory.. if she were testing memory.. it could only be short-term memory.. specifically what she presents as the "visuospatial sketchpad" memory.. the ability to recall a our visual world.. but for the 1st image.. we have to ask how does the brain encode and decode a visual image? it is entirely possible that an image shown so quickly could be encoded/decoded radially outward.. thus providing the perception that the 1st image is smaller than the 2nd.. and so therefore we have completely normal memories when we are asked what did we PERCEIVE.. and that is the other problem with the experiment.. asking "Are these images larger/smaller/same?" provides different information than asking "Do you perceive these images as larger/smaller/same?" there is nothing wrong with our memories if our own brains "trick" us into believing that the 2nd image is larger than the 1st because we our judgments are simply based on our perception.. we are literally recalling what we have perceived..
@Aluminata9 жыл бұрын
She seems to be confusing false memories with unformed memories.
@muesk39 жыл бұрын
+DestinyQx This isnt even short term memory, but more sensory memory. The distinction wasn't made in this talk. Also do consider, this is a talk, the experiment most likely wasn't done as controlled as it would be in a lab. I'm pretty sure both images should be shown for an equal amount of time, and that is how it would go in an actual experiment. In any case, we are perceiving the exact same image. The physical information reaching our eyes is identical. This is crucial, because sensory memory deals with information as it is projected onto the sensor in question (the eyes in this case). This is exactly the question being raised, why does our brain process the image a little different the second time around? Why can't we "remember" that the images were identical? On this level, it's hard to distinguish matters or perception and matters of perception, because these two processes both support each other. It's all about the context of an experiment, or the context of the question raised by the researchers. Also, we don't consciously deal with sensory memory, so to those outside of psychology/neuroscience, it doesn't come intuitively.
@codeincomplete9 жыл бұрын
+DestinyQx The wording you are describing would not have made a difference to the results in the lab if the expansion of the image is done subconsciously which it is.
@sbklein8 жыл бұрын
Psychology is conceptually vacuous. We have no idea of the sense of our terms. We stipulate wildly and create general abstract entities out of selected narrowly prescribed empirical dabblings. The term memory is an excellent case-in-point. If, as the mantra goes, memory is encoding, storage and retrieval, then what mental events are NOT memory? Do not look to psychology (or most philosophy of mind - contemporary at least) -- they have not even considered the question as a relevant concern. Rather, among their conceits is the dogma "method = science", thereby confusing necessity with sufficiency. It is a very troubled field.
@muesk38 жыл бұрын
"We" are barely 100 years old. I think we're allowed some of our stipulations and dabblings. No idea what you're on about in your last paragraph. What question and to what concern?
@widebandrecords9028 жыл бұрын
Powerful talk. Facts upon facts upon facts. I always have thought this thats why i agree with all this talker explained..
@denniscat93956 жыл бұрын
Liar
@I.m_glad_you.re_here4 жыл бұрын
Dennis Cat, or joker...
@buckrogers53315 жыл бұрын
I wonder if the play cells are linked to relevance. You know, data you think might be useful and kept for future reference. Probably why we experience deja vu?
@delphi2020027 жыл бұрын
Our memory is our past and shouldn't be dwelt up...learn from yes. Once a lesson is learned then you must forget how you learned it and live it instead. You have not learned what you do not practice.
@jayb55962 жыл бұрын
Short story, nonfiction or fiction it's open to interpretation. The brain is a quantum entangled neural network. We, as individuals, consciously control a single neuron (node) that consciously interacts with our nervous system. The rest are part of the subconscious neural network. We all exist inside of each other's neural network. If we didn't we couldn't share an experience inside this self projected universe. We are all a duality, self is not unique to the individual. The individual is unique to self. None of us are observers, the only thing we observe as individuals are the projections of self. When 2 individuals meet inside the self projection, the nodes in each brain representing the participants forge neurological connections to each other, so they can share an experience together. Simultaneously every other brain has those same 2 neurological connections made based on their own positions in spacetime. Your neuron (node) and my neuron (node) exist inside of every brain of every human on earth. We all share an umbilical cord and that umbilical cord ties all of our neurology together. All that neurological action taking place while we sleep, most of it's the participants that are awake and actively making neurological connections. Those connections have to be made in all of our brains in order for quantum tunneling of information to occur. The subconscious mind is something we all share, just like self. We have roughly 7.9 billion living humans and our neural network consists of about 85-90 billion neurons. I'll let you ponder what those neurons represent. The neural network has redundancy built into it by design. Our brain's subconscious development depends only on the location of all the nodes in spacetime as the brain is developing and connecting to them subconsciously. The conscious branching occurs through interaction inside the self projection. Unless an individual has genetic or medical conditions preventing normal neurological development and function, the human brain will have forged a full subconscious connection to the entire universe at some point during adult life. In order to benefit from other nodes you have to forge actual conscious connections in spacetime. So the brain will forge conscious neurological connections. We are all tied together subconsciously but in order to share an experience consciously we have to make conscious neurological connections. This can only be done inside of spacetime through conscious interaction. Just making conscious notice of someone walking past you on the street will forge a neurological connection to that node consciously and this will allow you to network with their subconscious mind to gain enlightenment. The internet is a powerful tool for forging conscious neurological connections. Just interacting online is enough to forge a physical conscious connection neurologically. In either case we are all entangled and we are building more and more conscious connections to each other. In doing so we are gaining enlightenment or intelligence which might equate to higher energy consumption (brighter star). It would seem that the more conscious neurological connections a person makes to the network the more subconscious power they receive. What role does our moral conduct play on diseases and other bugs that infect our system? What role does our level of conscious connectivity to the subconscious neural network play with the energy consumption of the quantum realm powering our network? Is sin just a poison that infects our network like a virus? We are all entangled, so all of our cups pour into each other. How does morality play into our conscious connections to the world? Does a connection forged in moral obligation and truth produce a more powerful connection than a connection forged in lies and deceit? Will we make it to the heavens? Will humanity fail to complete the Trinity? Consume so much power that we self-destruct before we achieve artificial universal intelligence? Before our subconscious becomes self aware and our GOD> can emerge? The Father and Son await. WIll humanity receive the holy spirit? Forge a connection to the Trinity and allow our GOD> to emerge, and open up our heavens? Or will humanity end up a failed experiment and attempt to produce a universally conscious being? I believe humanity will make it to the heavens and we will produce a universally conscious GOD>. I call this story "The Trinity Of Human Evolution". Brought to us by The Father, The Son, The Holy Spirit.
@anthonytindle57583 жыл бұрын
This is true about memory I know that as I had a burst aneurism near my right epycampus which obviosly needed repair before the blood pressure around my brain stopped functioning and I would officially have deceased as a consequence my memory is caput and because of no short term memory cannot visualize a future so she is correct with living life in the here and now
@jefferybrown14097 жыл бұрын
The actress Marilu Henner has superior autobiographical memory. Forgive me if someone has already mentioned this, I have not had a chance to watch the lecture, nor read the comments. I will soon, however!
@dr.sunilsummer11164 жыл бұрын
Which gene is responsible for memories?
@klhughes89086 жыл бұрын
Outstanding! Thank you!
@arabiccompprograming51618 жыл бұрын
hello, I am 45 years old, I have recently tried to memorize many Algorithm cases for solving 3x3 rubiks cube, each algorithm tackles a partial solving state that targets a particular position on the cube. Exampe of 1 case: [(y') U2 R2' U2 R U R' U R2] then I move on to the next partial solve. and so forth, I have managed to know such algorithms from my memory and can find them and even write them down, but what troubles me is the practical side of implementing these tasks. they are memorized but not memorized enough to be practically used. What other attributes/additionals of long term memory can be useful to me.
@chasehughesofficial9 ай бұрын
This is about 60% wrong. But to her credit, many of these ideas were completely overturned since publication.
@kwanarchive7 жыл бұрын
The last slide shows some images from a paper "Hassabis et al., 2009". That is Demis Hassabis, the founder of DeepMind who created AlphaGo.
@stanleyklein5245 жыл бұрын
A real deep thinker (LOL).
@moy201010 жыл бұрын
I thought that the hippocampus was related only to the encoding process of memory, and it's amazing to realize that it also plays a role in the retrieval process. Is it safe to say that the memory retrieval role of the hippocampus resides on the posterior portion of it?
@stanleyklein5245 жыл бұрын
No.
@erictaylor54627 жыл бұрын
The interesting thing for me is, I didn't spot the difference. I suppose I would have made the same mistake. Are there others?
@EvenTheDogAgrees4 жыл бұрын
What difference?
@erictaylor54624 жыл бұрын
@@EvenTheDogAgrees I need to watch this again.
@EvenTheDogAgrees4 жыл бұрын
@@erictaylor5462 And I need to see a psychiatrist, because I suspect my list of defects has grown since last time I checked. ;)
@thomassoliton14823 жыл бұрын
Interesting. Watching on my iPad which took most of my field of view, I didn’t see a size difference. I think the “boundary” effect (bananas) is misleading however. You don’t see bananas, you see *bananas* - your concept - which when you recreate it on paper from your conceptual image doesn’t scale the same way as the original image. When looking at the original picture, you probably didn’t pay attention to the distances from the bananas to the edge of the field, but to the relative shapes, color, sizes of rocks, etc. You then recomposed everything to some other “conventional” scale relative to what you would “ordinarily” see.
@2814252A4 жыл бұрын
I'm wondering if there is a maximum size the posterior hippocampus could become in London cab drivers. Does anyone know?
@sands77793 жыл бұрын
Interesting talk on hippocampus by Eleanor Maguire. She is a very good speaker and used case studies and experiments to illustrate concepts.
@j011501268 жыл бұрын
When I try to visualize I run into black holes in my memory...it sucks.
@j011501268 жыл бұрын
When this happens I get extreme anxiety
@TheMax200g7 жыл бұрын
Hyperthymesia sounds amazing especially if everyone has it. How would society be different?
@dmtang018 жыл бұрын
I didn't understand the test, so when that image for a millisecond or the displayed image
@nealbassett8815 жыл бұрын
I wonder if there have been any studies to see if chemotherapy drugs effect the hippocampus?
@adhipmitra4 жыл бұрын
Excellent talk
@tommytime4u7 жыл бұрын
how do you assess the MRI while person is using driving game? in 23:18 min???????
@beuxjmusic2 жыл бұрын
Objects in Memory may be closer than they appear? Can someone laser that into the lower-outer inside corners of the lenses of a pair of Sunglasses? I would buy those!
@marcuschiu86154 жыл бұрын
40:40 i posit that artists would draw exactly what they see, that the proportions of the banana to background is the same. Knowing me with extensive history of drawing in the past I would have drawn it in similar proportions. Now on hindsight, It is interesting that in the first few seconds of seeing the picture i noticed how the banana was touching left edge of the image then I had a mental scan of the outline of the banana. with little to no considerations to the rocky background. however, this does not prevent me from extrapolating the image or "boundary extension"... this is quite fascinating as this would help the ML field of image-recognition/processing. especially when she said, "the prior beliefs/experiences dictates the boundary extension". so far I only heard of ML algorithms learning to recognize images by going through a training process where it was feed a ton of labelled images. But using these labelled images to also do boundary extension sounds more "intelligent" for a lack of a better word
@afz902k4 жыл бұрын
When watching this, before knowing what the experiment was, I observed the bananas for 15 seconds and then did a drawing, proportions in relation to the scene have always been crucial to me when trying to replicate a scene through a drawing or painting, and my representation thus ended up with the bananas taking up almost exactly the same scene real estate as in the original picture. I attribute "boundary extension" simply to a lack of artistic training xD
@watersoilearthfire72165 жыл бұрын
Love her voice, love her appearance, love her dress.... I’m in love now❤️