The Old Names Of European Countries (& Why They Changed) - General Knowledge Reaction

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#history #reaction

[@PoorlyEdited540]

I love how Germany has a different name is every single language

[@steffent.6477]

They were a very mixed bunch back in roman times and the early middle ages^^

[@peterjohnson1091]

Almost inevitable being slap-bang in the middle of Europe.

[@sebe2255]

Except in the Germanic languages

[@gmwdim]

The German language endonym is Deutschland, from the Old High German diutisc. The French exonym is Allemagne, from the name of the Alamanni tribe. In Italian it is Germania, from the Latin Germania, although the German people are called tedeschi. In Polish it is Niemcy, from the Proto-Slavic nemets, referring to strangers, incomprehensible to Slavic speakers. The Finnish call the country Saksa, from the name of the Saxon tribe.

[@steffent.6477]

@ The polish name is pretty rude^^

[@-Terpy-]

Charles IV, King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor, had a long and successful reign. The Empire he ruled from Prague expanded, and his subjects lived in peace and prosperity. Perfect timing for kcd2 release!

[@akshsehgal998]

Henry has come to see us

[@IwhowasdatXD960]

I just started playing the first game recently so this is great timing

[@BillyisAmongUs]

When the Emperor died, the whole empire mourned. More then 7000 people accompanied him on his last precession.

[@kingdaymon6433]

I'M HUNGRY!

[@mrkvn223]

𝕵𝖊𝖘𝖚𝖘 𝕮𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖘𝖙 𝖇𝖊 𝖕𝖗𝖆𝖎𝖘𝖊𝖉!

[@masterplokoon8803]

I'm not Spanish, but I am Portuguese and from what I know Spain is definitely not fully unified linguistically and culturally, I know most people know how to speak Castillian (what most people refer to as Spanish) but there are many people who speak Basque, Catalan, Galician,Valencian, Portuguese in some border areas, Aragonese is not very common these days but it still exists in the Pyrenees. Spain is a very diverse and culturally rich country.

[@henriquesoares2343]

Galician is just Portuguese in disguise so Portugal doesnt start having ideas.

[@crazyand2099]

That is true and both Valencia and Basque have independence movements.

[@martinwenninger4247]

Catalonias regional leaders wanted to declare independence a few years ago if I'm not mistaken and baskonia has a very strong independence movement as well.

[@RazorWinter]

How different are all these languages? Are they different enough to not be considered dialects? Honestly, after living abroad and seeing so many languages, even Portuguese and Spanish feel like dialects of the same language for me, compared to other languages.

[@masterplokoon8803]

@RazorWinter I am not an expert on languages but Basque is extremely diferent as unlike all the others it's not even in the Indo-European language group and it's not even related to any other language in the world. Galician is pretty close to Portuguese although still diferent, they were the same language once but after Portugal's indepence in 1143 they began to drift away and became separate languages but they are still very similar and we can understand each other. I believe Catalan, Valencian and Aragonese are closer to languages in southern France than to Castillian ( what you would call Spanish). When I speak Portuguese to Spaniards they usually don't understand what I am saying, but usually manage to understand a lot of what they say in Castillian. There are other languages that I did not refer to since I don't know much about them. But to answer your question, no, these are not dialects although there are also a lot of those in the Iberian Peninsula. But what I refered to are languages at least as far as I know. Specially Portuguese and Castillian are definitely diferent languages, not dialects.

[@silver-ag4437]

Fun fact, the last speaker of the Livonian language died in 2013, with one current new native speaker, with some people trying to revive it now. It's still finnic like the original tribes, meaning related to finnish, estonian, and much more distinctly Sami and even more distinctly Hungarian. It's amazing how the remnants of these cultures are still around today.

[@willip51]

Spaniard here, Spain as you said is a union of historically distinct peoples. Throughout history (and especially during Franco's dictatorship) there has been an effort from the central government to supress these differences and promote the idea of a unified common Spanish identity with mixed results. Today there are strong independentist movement in some regions, particulary important are the ones from Catalonia and the Basque Country, that even have representation in the Spanish Parliament and many times hold the keys to pass legislation that affects the whole country

[@danielraida8064]

Fun fact, France in Greek is called Γαλλία which means "Gaul"; unlike other languages the Greek name does not reflect the conquest of the region by the Franks.

[@guidantyt]

The Franks did not "conquer" Gaul in the strictest sense of the terms. They had been under roman hegemony and served as the defenders of the roman border on the Rhine for a long time when the empire faultered. They took over the existing administration not purely by conquest (they did clash with some holdouts) but because they were an integral part of it.

[@the4thindustrialrevolution225]

Makes sense because the Greeks ‘discovered’ the Gauls before the Romans did

[@Zadlo14]

In Medieval times people coming from France were often called "Gauls"

[@peterjohnson1091]

In 1976, the European Football Championship final was between West Germany and Czechoslovakia and the 1996 final between Germany and Czech Republic.

[@peterjohnson1091]

Catalonia is the bulk of what was Aragon. Many Catalans don't regard themselves as Spanish still.

[@thewekender2701]

As a Chilean, the name of my country "Chile" apparently comes from the Quechua word "Chiri" which means "edge" as in "the edge of the world" All of this, because what is now Chile, was the edge of the Inca empire, since they never controlled this land ever

[@OganYT]

Fun fact: the Czech name for Germany originates from the Czech word for mute because when Germans first came to czechia, they couldn't understand them.

[@annakonda6289]

Is it something along the lines of “nimiz” or “nemjez”?

[@Steamslinger]

@@annakonda6289 yep, "němec" for person, "německo" for state.

[@annakonda6289]

@@Steamslinger I love slavic languages. So many concepts remain similar throughout so many countries!

[@danielbishop1863]

That's the case in a lot of Slavic languages.

[@GBOAC]

This is a common trope in ancient naming conventions for other peoples. Everybody knows Barbarians of course but ‘wel’ and ‘wal’ like in Welsh and Wallachia basically meant ‘foreigner’.

[@drewmassey1426]

Good news! Dacia was mentioned! (TOP marks for who MAY get the reference)

[@ldbrn11]

Oh no! Anyway..

[@Revision_General]

The dacia sandero was not delayed

[@orwellboy1958]

@Revision_General Good news, anyway.

[@Kurruchi]

My country Barbados gets its name from the bearded fig tree, like many other islands do. Its original name is Ichirouganaim, meaning "red land with white teeth" referring to coral reefs surrounding it. When a land doesn't really have much history it's interesting the name just comes down to a random thing unique to it.

[@vegas7027]

I really enjoy your channel. Thanks for the hardwork in putting these videos together. I always appreciate your commentary!

[@rafaelcanosantos3554]

Until the arrival of the Bourbon Dinasty, in Spain there was a very strong distinction between the various territories that were part of the compound monarchy of the Spanish Habsburgs, including the Peninsular ones. In fact, Castillians and Aragonese tended to consider each other foreigners.

[@josemiguelcarrizo7373]

Tend or tended?

[@rafaelcanosantos3554]

@josemiguelcarrizo7373 tended, sorry

[@Sandman03]

Not Spanish by any means, but lived there for a bit. The different regions of Spain have very distinct differences in their culture and language. Far more than we Americans can even comprehend. For an extreme example, people from the Basque Country refer to themselves as “Basque” rather than Spanish, and speak a language far from Castilian (central/most common) Spanish. I would say their relationship with Spain is a bit like Hawaiians and the US… with maybe a bit more political extremism… For a less extreme example, most would consider that Northeast Spain (I.e. Barcelona) speaks a Spanish dialect called Catalan. But natives of the area insist that it is entirely a different language. That being said, visit Spain and all of its regions. It is an incredible country from top to bottom with so much to experience.

[@josemiguelcarrizo7373]

El catalán no es un dialecto del español sino una lengua procedente del latín, como el castellano (español) o el francés. La relación histórica entre el País Vasco y el resto de España no se parece en nada con la de Hawaii y el resto de Estados Unidos.

[@afiiik1]

Hi from the Czech Republic, I hope you'll have a good time. Real Prague Guides, and the Honest Guide channels are great for visiting Prague and avoiding tourist traps. 😊

[@VloggingThroughHistory]

Thank you for the recommendations! Looking forward to being there.

[@cosimoalbaster]

I really wish General Knowledge had mentioned the fact that the name "Romania" didn't just spawn into existence in the 19th century just because of the claimed roman heritage. In fact the name Wallachia is an exonym, the name of the country in Romanian is "Tara Romaneasca" meaning "Roman/Romanian Land" and even in the oldest written mentions of romanians it's said how the latin people from Wallachia, Moldavia and parts of Transylvania call themselves roman.

[@heh9392]

As a European, I think Prague is Europe's most beautiful city.

[@VloggingThroughHistory]

I've heard great things. Can't wait to visit there soon!

[@annakonda6289]

It is stunningly so! But I find it so hard to pick a single one as the most beautiful. Dresden for example is also very beautiful, but I might very well be biased. 😉

[@mikeg2306]

The Old Town is an amazing sight to see!

[@Pidalin]

@@VloggingThroughHistory Just don't stay only in Disneyland around oldtown square, Prague is a big more than 1 milion people city, it's stupid that all tourist stay just in Disneyland tourst scam area, which is like 1% of Prague area. Many districts have their own historical centers (because it was separate city before) and there are also many other sights than just medieval, like 1st republic functionalism, cubism, art noveau and art deco and stuff like that. I don't know why everyone cares just about Charles Bridge and stuff like that like if they don't have old bridges and castles in their countries or something. 😀

[@maearcher4721]

Just so you know the Czechia being more accurate than Bohemia is utter bullshit. Czechia(Česko) derives from word Čechy-which is our name for the western part of the country(which in latin and English is called Bohemia).

[@PalmelaHanderson]

A lot of countries are some variation of the name "land of the people." Germany, for example - Deutschland basically means "people-land" (the word "deutsch" comes from old German). Austria (Österreich) means "eastern realm," so basically "east Germany" (not to be confused with the former Communist country of East Germany, which was referred to as "Ostdeutschland" - a little more on-the-nose)

[@PalmelaHanderson]

Conversely, sometimes you get a name like the name for Japan, "Nippon/Nihon/日本," which translates to something like "sun origin." Makes sense as there was basically nothing east of it as far as anyone knew for a very long time. The historian Norman Davies wrote that he imagines Ireland was probably called something similar by the people who lived there for a long time (something that means "land of the setting sun" or something). the name "Ireland" comes from Ériu, but was only called that starting in like the 9th century. The Romans called Ireland "Hibernia," which means "land of winter," and the Greeks called it Iouernia, which is an adaptation of a Celtic word for a group of people who lived in southwestern Ireland (the Iverni). But ultimately, we don't really know what the Irish called Ireland before the 9th century or so, if they even called it anything at all.

[@sebe2255]

Realm and Germany weren’t and aren’t synonymous

[@PalmelaHanderson]

@sebe2255 I didn't say they were. The word "reich" means "realm." "Eastern realm" could be extrapolated to "eastern realm [of the people]." Ipso facto... east germany. It's not a literal translation, just what it means. Y'know... how language works.

[@sebe2255]

@@PalmelaHanderson But that implies that the word Deutschland and its earlier meaning “of the people” are the same. Which they really aren’t. Austria could be the “eastern Realm of the People” but when it was given that name, a concept like Germany didn’t exist yet, so it definitely doesn’t mean Eastern Germany in any sense

[@PalmelaHanderson]

@sebe2255 Think about it, though - for the name "eastern realm" to be given, that implies that it is east of something. East of a common point of origin? What makese sense? It is the eastern realm of the German people, therefore "Österreich" means "eastern land of Germans," "Deutschland" means essentially "land of the [German] people," therefore "Österreich" also means "East Germany." If A=B and C=B, then A also =C. Transitive property of language that I just made up.

[@libertyresearch-iu4fy]

I just found your channel a week or two ago, and, so far, I like it a lot. There is a channel called 'The History Guy: History Deserves to be Remembered' with 1.5mil subscribers. His content is almost exclusively 10-15minute videos about NON-war stories. I don't know if that is what you are looking for to react to, but I thought I would mention it.

[@amine1237]

this is an interesting topic. raises my interest into countries from the other continents

[@eliplayz22]

I’ve been busy with work lately, but I’m glad now that I can catch a VTH video

[@rowanyt1816]

I always find it interesting what a native language calls their country compared to other languages. Wales comes from the old English Wēalas, which could have been used to mean “Celts” or “foreigners”. In Welsh, Wales is Cymru which stems from the proto-Brythonic word Kombrogi - meaning countrymen. England- land of the Angles Lloegr - uncertain but most popular theories are “lost lands” or just “laymen/border-people)

[@osmaniesquijarosa4308]

what about Prydain/Pritani?

[@jeffsaffron5647]

Legend goes that the name Czech/Czechia comes from Praotec Čech (translated as Forefather Czech), who allegedly lead the first group of Slavs that settled in the area. There are some historical sources for it but I believe it's mostly considered more of a myth than historical fact. 1300 year old name for 30 year old country.

[@corey2232]

I always found it funny when people try & say "no, you're supposed to pronounce X country like this!" while not realizing how they mispronounce our country & others in their native language... Either that, or they have completely different names for certain countries within their language, yet they act like language police when people speak about their own 😂 Imagine an American walking up to a French Person in France & saying "No, it's not *'États-Unis,'* its UNITED STATES!" and thinking that's not rude 😅

[@heirkaiba]

Eastern Spain as my niece tells me has some French influence. Although she tells me it’s more near the border of France, so sometimes their language will mix.

[@osmaniesquijarosa4308]

Catalonia was a part of Francia for a while so that tracts, lots of Occitan influence.

[@angeloinfinity3054]

Hi from Italy, VTH! Love your videos and love how much you expand on certain topics with your commentary. Since I've learned a lot on US presidents thanks to you I thought you might be interested in reacting to "I remade AMERICAN PRESIDENTS in LEGO..." by Republic Studs. It's fairly lighthearted and brief and only briefly touches on the various presidents' lives with mostly fun facts, so you could easily expand more and add more context. Hope you like the idea!

[@shtyepaancz9642]

It is worth noting that in the Czech language Bohemia is called Čechy (Czechy), and the Kingdom of Bohemia is called české království. The adjective český actually means both Czech and Bohemian (as referring to the region). So there is greater continuity than in English, where the Bohemia exonym is used.

[@osmaniesquijarosa4308]

is it really an exonym if the name predates any other?

[@shtyepaancz9642]

@osmaniesquijarosa4308 It is actually, because an exonym broadly means "a non-native name of some geographical place", and since the word Bohemia isn't used in Czech, it is an exonym and the actual age of the term doesn't really play a role. It is the same for example with Deutschland and Germany, where the name Germany is also older, but still an exonym.

[@osmaniesquijarosa4308]

@@shtyepaancz9642 I suppose that’s true, I just think there should be a category for such cases, where yeah it classified as an exonym but also as something else that denotes it as the older original name.

[@yochitoranaga]

to answer your question about spain's unity: There's an independance movement in the catalan region, which happens to have a geographic similitude to the old Aragon kingdom's borders... so I suspect that there's still a decent enough cultural difference between castillan and aragonese descents.

[@osmaniesquijarosa4308]

It's actually because Catalonia has a lot of Occitan influence, being established as a part of Charlemagne's Francia and later held by his successors for a long time. So yeah, even the Aragonese found it hard to hold them, as the Aragonese are much closer to the Basque than anything else.

[@josemiguelcarrizo7373]

Check a map of the old Aragon Kingdom and another from Catalonia and you'll see the difference

[@hopeundertheblacksun]

You have not really reacted to a lot of HRE videos,will you consider reacting to the new series Extra history are puttinh out about the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II?

[@nicnsugar]

Some thoughts about the trip you mentioned. In prague, try to avoid the touristy city center restaurants museums and so on. Prague castle is cool and so is the Charles bridge or the Old Town square but there are loads of more interesting places to visit. I'd recommend you to visit any of the jewish museums (after all, the legend of the Golem comes from Prague). Also, try to look something up about the various defenestrations of prague, they're all pretty interesting. There's this great channel (Honest Guide) which does a great job explaining what's worth visiting in Prague and what's a tourist scam.

[@chochkoooo]

I will always be proud of the fact that Bulgaria's never changed its name and it is the coutnry with the oldest name. Even if the country has gone through soooo many changes it has kept the same name for almost 14 centuries.

[@kevincousino2276]

Really, even the 500 years where there was no Bulgaria?

[@chochkoooo]

@@kevincousino2276 Well, there was still a Bulgarian identity and ethnicity during the Ottoman rule.

[@KingElessarGoated]

Alternate History Hub finally did a what if William the Conqueror didn’t win the battle of Hastings. We need a reaction

[@AnCoilean]

From 1010 until 1169 the title of the High King of Ireland in Latin was Imperator Scotorum. Emperor of the Irish/Scots/Scoti.

[@biznisman7049]

I wish you safe travels, Europe is very beautiful, if you go in the Summer, then Croatia is a must.

[@Dan_Gyros]

Proud member of Bohemian heritage, have a brew for me when you get to Prague!

[@porphyry17]

so a few things(some are corrections): 1. the ethnonyms Dacian and Getian might not really be of local origin(which we know as "the northern branch of the proto-thracians"), but came about with the iranic Agathirsi invasion around 600BC. in the forms of "daha" and "geta". besides the intermarriage, a cultural revolution occured that gave those populations those ethnonyms, made them adopt some iranic words and rituals. 2. Dacia is pronounced supposedly in proper Latin as "dah kee ah", but we in Romania prefer "dah tchee ah". 3. Dacia was the closest to a centralised state that the Romans encountered in Europe(besides the Hellenic states/city states) 4. the Dacian casualties during and after the war were great, but not THAT great, and a huge concentration of local genes remained. 5. the Roman colonists bearing the "romanus" name arrived in 106AD, but the move that will comsolidate the ethnonym for the next 1.800 years will be Constitutio Antoniniana of 212AD, that gave roman citizenship to every free man in the empire. 6. in the middle ages, the statal entities would be named "terra romanesque"/"țară românească".(the germanic exonym "wallach" and the refusal of Eastern Rome and the Holy Roman Empire to adress us properly, which is understandable because they already called themselves "greeks" or "franks/lombards/goths", will have us use Wallachia or Vlashko in church slavonic documents. it was slavonic because 1. lingua sancta 2. language of the clerks and educated elite like latin for Germans, Magyars, czechs, poles, croats) 7. "România" is a change of formula. X-ia versus terra X-esque. as i said about ERE and HRE earlier, this version got too close to Basileia Rhomaion or Romania. and we also tended to use more the terra version anyway. 8. every Romanian land had "țara românească" in its name. Moldavia's full name was "Țara Românească a Moldovei" and in chronicles it was "Moldo-wallachia". and the eastern Carpathians were known as "ținuturile româneşti/valahe sub coroana maghiară"(Romanian/Wallachian realms under Magyar crown)

[@untitled568]

As a Czech I love that Czechia is mentioned so extensively in this video..

[@maearcher4721]

And you're not concerned that majority of the information they gave about us is wrong?

[@Rockwall69]

As far as Czechia is concerned, its kind of funny that it was shortened in 2016 and "accepted" by the west but it wasn't until the last couple of years that you actually saw it being used widespread in international sports like hockey and soccer I didn't know about the change, with them and Turkey-Turkiye, and recently when US media started using them, I was like, hold up... what did I miss?!?!😂

[@oklaclarinet]

Fun fact: Shakespeare set his play Twelfth Night in Illyria. This setting in turn inspired the 1986 wind band composition Illyrian Dances, written by Guy Woolfenden of the Royal Shakespeare Company.

[@awesomesauce6601]

I always love when channels I follow that are tangentally related acknowledge one another.

[@priestpeace219]

My country was commonly known as "Siam" for centuries. It became Thailand because of the fascist-nationalist idea to create the shared national identity for all the ethno linguistic groups living in the country.

[@mahnel]

Hi Chris, General Knowledge also has a great video about the "Belt" Regions Of The United States, I think it would be pretty interesting to see you react to that!

[@nopsychology8782]

For an American Historian Yotuber, I am really surprised you have not reacted to Horrible Histories and their songs. They were a fountain of Historical teachings for UK children growing up.

[@JediSimpson]

They’d probably copyright strike Chris.

[@danielbishop1863]

I guess they need to update their kings and queens song to include Charles III.

[@Dragoth236]

Can't hear Bohemia without thinking about the game Kingdom Come: Deliverance. Great historically accurate game and teaches a chunk of Bohemia history.

[@maearcher4721]

The game is wonderful. Unfortunately the information about switch from Bohemia to Czechia is wrong. Country in czech is called Česko, derived from word Čechy(which refers to western part of the country).

[@Maetilago]

Hey man! I work In hotels for 10 years in prague, It'd be such a cool thing to meet you If you're coming round April to Prague. Dont know what hotel Im working at YET cause I changed jobs in January, still looking! But since It's an off season, tourism only really starts off during April my chances are good to find a new hotel to work at, maybe you'll be there. Do make sure to check out the usual things, Old Town Square & its Astronomical Clock dating many centuries back, Wenceslas Square, the prague castle and the view you get from it and many other places. There's better guides than me though, but thats the basics I always recommend.

[@DansBoringChannel]

Spain is very much bit unified culturally. Recently, a Basque football team went on a tour of the UK, and were welcomed with a Spanish flag. And judging by the team's fans' reactions online, it would be like of Celtic went on a tour of Spain and were welcomed with a Union Jack.

[@politonno2499]

As a catalan, Catalonia seems to have long history behind its name. Many historians debate of its origins. Some say it means "land of the goths", because of the gothic influence, and others say it means "land of castles" ("castalans", before being "catalans"), because it's one of the regions in Europe with most castle density. Other say that it comes from the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains. Before that, the region was known as Hispania Tarraconense, the roman subdivision. Either way, it's a name that dates further back from catalan culture even existing.

[@Canute_]

Going from being called Norse to Norwegian was a slap in the face

[@jackmessick2869]

So, when I have joked "When in Rome, do as the Romanians do" is actually historically factual.😂

[@nachopagan4153]

Hi! Spaniard residing in Catalonia here! I don't think there's much difference nowadays between 1) The sense of unity in Spain and then its inner shenanigan-like rivalries among regions and 2) That of the USA when it comes to the States roasting each other (Civil War aside). At least, it feels like that between Castille and Aragon. That said, with ALL the different cultures, languages and heritage in other regions (Valencia, Catalonia, Euskadi -or Basque Country-, Galicia, and so on), there is still some sort of nationalist tension. For example, you can see the relationship between Catalonia and Spain almost the same way as Scotland with the UK. And on top of that, we still drag a clear sense of split and resent, not because of geographical reasons, but because of the Spanish Civil War and the dictatorship period. As sad as it might sound, our democracy is still pretty young and some ghosts still walk alongside us.

[@eweasel1]

I'm 60 now and my ancestry is mostly Bohemian. For all of my growing up years a good way to start a, mostly friendly, argument, in my family, was to ask are we really Czechoslovakian. Now we are all fine with we came from Czechia.

[@eliaustin6952]

Hey VTH. Might be a little outside your wheelhouse but you should consider reacting to content of Alex O’Connor and his coverage of the historical Jesus and the history of the early church. Love your content!

[@maximemunger5022]

Will you do more RobWords reactions?

[@VloggingThroughHistory]

Yeah, for sure.

[@maximemunger5022]

Awesome! Keep up the great work bro!

[@biznisman7049]

Croatia was called Croatia long before they were named Illyria by others, it just reversed the name to its original or somewhat close to it.

[@DanSolo871]

My wife and I went to Prague a few years ago and had a great time. It's a beautiful city. You'll definitely enjoy it. My maternal grandmother's line is Czech. Though DNA testing doesn't pinpoint the Bohemian region, I was able to connect with a Czech woman I share DNA with and build out a line to 13x Great Grandfather. Interestingly, I show I have Swedish DNA, which apparently is through my grandmother's line. Obviously a country designation for 400 year old DNA isn't a legitimate way of describing yourself, so I've come up with the belief that it's likely Ostrogoth DNA.

[@jeremyevans9137]

Hi, Chris. Brilliant reaction as usual. You mentioned Wessex at one point. You might be interested that there is a Wessex regional identity still today. I am from Wessex myself. There is also a Cornish separatist movement. These ancient identities are deeply ingrained.

[@gheorghitaalsunculitei9146]

Fun Fact: None of the countries that bordered Poland during the Cold War still exists

[@danielbishop1863]

True. It bordered East Germany (until 1990), the USSR (until 1991), and Czechoslovakia (until 1993).

[@politonno2499]

16:30 Actually, before the marriage between Castile and Aragon the whole peninsula was already known as Spain, or "España/Espanya", but as geographic term from "Hispania", the Roman name for the Peninsula, not a cultural tie.

[@itwaswalpole]

Jeremy Clarkson made a documentary about the history of the gun which is now on KZbin, id highly recommend a reaction to it.

[@lazarusblack9995]

My grandfather was Bohemian. Which was fun to tell people at Art School who all liked to call themselves Bohemian. lol

[@mikeg2306]

The extent of Celtic or Gallic influence in Ancient times is exemplified by the fact that there are regions called "Galicia" or "Gallatia" in Spain, Poland, and Turkey

[@damienwilliams2947]

Bohemia is one of my favorite CKIII areas. I always make Duke Jaromir of House Jagr.

[@ForsakenLogitek]

yeah its a perfect location to play, its like a circle protected by mountains with farmland capital, perfect to play tall.

[@JD102790]

8:09 Good News!! The Dacia Sandero has been mentioned in a VTH video.

[@Sim0n98]

Swaziland changed its name to Eswatini to avoid being confused with Switzerland

[@tomascostanzo3673]

In my case, my country used to be called "Las provincias unidas del Río de la Plata (Probably, in English it would be something like "The United Provinces of River Plate") but nearly 200 years ago it just changed to Argentina. The same as with European countries, our country's name comes from Latin.

[@yinyinthan2525]

Can you continue doing this? He also posted about Asia as wel and also Africa

[@MS-io6kl]

Just a little sidenote: Caesar planned to have Mark Anthony conquer Dacia with 8 legions (+ auxiliaries) while he took on the Parthian Empire with 20 legions. Of course, the Ides of March got in the way of that conquest happening, and it took another 150 years till Rome got around to conquer Dacia.

[@scottishmadlad8772]

Resyndicated just uplaoded a video about the Presidents reactions to Garfield's assassination similar to his video on Lincoln's, might be a good reaction video especially considering your love for Garfield.

[@amine1237]

Morocco has three main names: - Al Maghrib in arabic which translates to the sunset, the arabs thought that this country was the end of the world which is the place of the sunset. - Then Fas in turkish, which is based on the city of Fez as it was the capital at the times when Morocco and the Ottomans made contact. - And then Morocco, which comes from Marruecos in Spanish, back in the day at the times of the Reconquista the iberians referred to the Sultan as the Rey de Marruecos which is a misspelled name in the accent of the spanish for the city of Marrakesh, and guess what as it was at those times the capital of the country. A lot of european and other languages use this name in different variations. - In Persian and Hindu, they refer to the country with a variation of spelling to the name of Marrakesh.

[@magdalenahrg]

As Croatian I remember learning about Illyrian tribes. I have Albanian friend that claims that Albania is more Illyrian but he is wrong because Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina have more Illyrian DNA. I seen study about it. I rember that my teacher in History class told that most of Croatians still have Illyrian genes because Illyrian mixed with slavs.

[@sefhammer6276]

17:50 well I assume you have heard about Catalans and Catalonia? But overall Spain has several regional identities with unique languages and cultures across both kingdoms

[@arkemiffo]

Sweden has basically always been called Sweden, the main difference is the language used. The meaning has stayed the same since the first recorded name though. The land of the Swedes. Swedes was a tribe (originally called Svitjod) meaning "The free people" or something to that affect at least. The Swedish name is "Sverige" which means "The kingdom of the Swedes" (Sve-rige, "Sve-" being a shortened form of "Svea" which is Swede in English, and "rige" being the old Swedish form of "Rike" which means domain/kingdom, and is the same word as the German "Reich", which I believe most people know by now). It was called Swēoland, Svíariki and Svíaveldi (meaning The empire of the Swedes), and in Beowulf it's called Swēoðēod (Swedish people). Although other tribes also lived in what is now Sweden (mainly the Geats/Goths or "Götar" in Swedish. I believe Beowulf himself was a Geat), the country got its name from the Swedes. Sweden is still called Svitjod in Icelandic.

[@vortex_master]

We had an old rhythm game we played as kids which went "Czechoslovakia boom-sha-boom, Yugoslavia boom-sha-boom."

[@SmilingShadow-fz3jt]

Poland was Poland for the entirety of its history. It is one of the oldest countries in Europe that is basically the same people in the same place under the same name, despite over 200 attempts by its neighbors (and others, including Mongols and Ottomans) to erase it from existence since 900s AD. When you look at the map of Europe from 900s or 1000s AD, there is only a handful of names you will recognize as names of the modern states. Also, the name of Poland does not come from open fields, but from the impossibly dense Holocene primeval forest that covered over 97% of the territory of the state of the Duke Mieszko I and was, at that time, over 10,000 years old. Clearing the forest for agriculture was so incredibly hard, it took several villages working together to do it. As a result the indigenous proto-Polish people lived in communities called “opole” which means “around the fields”. It was roughly a circular territory with centrally placed agricultural fields and villages placed around it, and impenetrable primeval forest beyond. “Polanie” essentially means “people living in opoles”. To this very day, you can tell the difference between settlements (now cites and towns) in Poland founded by Western Slavs and by German settlers (arriving after baptism of Poland). Slavic ones are round and German are rectangular / square.

[@Siegbert85]

idk if you can claim continuous existence when Poland as a polity had been erased from the maps for some 100+ years. Also the borders changed quite significantly only in the last century.

[@maearcher4721]

@@Siegbert85 My country Bohemia/Czechia has been in same spot since 9th century, firstly as part of great Moravia, then HRE and eventually Austrian Empire and then Austria-Hungary, and lastly Czechoslovakia. We're one of the oldest countries and nationalities in Europe. Same spot, for over thousand years. And yet most people claim our history started either in 1918 or 1993. Because we usually don't get shown on maps of Europe-because we're usually part of something. And for that reason many would say-we weren't there, we didn't exist. But we did, and Polish were our neighbours from the start. (Not united at first, bigger countries take longer to fully unite.) But those hundred years were not enough to break the will of Polish people, to erase their identity. They raised like phoenix from the ashes. Do you know how rare that is in history? Very few countries in history managed that! Most disappeared after 100+ years of being occupied! As for the borders...if your country is old enough it will see some major border changes over course of its history. Unless it is Portugal, its border with Castile( later Spain) is insanely old.

[@Siegbert85]

@ Yeah, I would agree Czechia has a better claim towards an unbroken political identity. Not trying to diminish the Polish identity, I just found the claim of an unbroken political existence a bit odd when it clearly wasn't. Poland wasn't just occupied by foreign powers but annexed, and for quite a while.

[@maearcher4721]

@@Siegbert85 And yet there would be plenty claiming Bohemia was annexed too. And that we weren't independent. Admitably we weren't fully independent ever since joining HRE. But since becoming kingdom, we enjoyed semi-independent status. So it is not so simple. There are always multiple factors. Such as geography, national character/nature etc. And those are more important than unbroken chain of rule or political identity.

[@SmilingShadow-fz3jt]

@Siegbert85 , To be clear I am talking about when a given territory developed a national awareness that survives until today. Even under partitions Poland was very clearly Poland, inhabited by Polish people with the Polish national awareness (despite the best efforts of the enslaving empires) who thought of their country as occupied Poland. On the other hand Germans to this day don’t really think of themselves as Germans first and local differences (and prejudices) are quite big. Germans even speak the same language really only since the end of the 20th century. Different regional dialects of German can be not mutually intelligible, even in writing, and a speaker of Standard German will be able to understand them even less than a Czech person Polish language (or vice versa). France is really France only since 1000s (Franks were Germanic, not Romance people), Russia is really Russia since Ivan the Terrible (1500s) - before in both of those places people thought of themselves as something else and even spoke a different language.

[@kojbo]

07:50 i think it's a sin you're not going to Budapest when it's that close

[@titifatal]

One significant aspect of the name Bohemia, as an exonym, is that it was purely used in Latin and German (Böhmen). The country name in the local language has been Čechy /tʃɛxi/ (approximately Czech lands). The origin of Czech is disputed, but the most likely meaning is 'person' or 'young man'. The latin version of this being Czechia. So, when people talk about the Czech Republic changing its name to Czechia ... it is only the English short name for the country that was changed, not impacting the Czechs or most of their neighbours in any way. The hesitation in changing the short name in English was mainly political, related to the undesirable mispronunciation and confusion of the name with the Russian republic of Chechnya. That is understandable as the central European country with no real history with eastern Europe was (and is still) trying to shake the political label.

[@MichalKolac]

Hell yeah! My country is on the thumbnail!

[@peka003]

Slavic migrations to Balkans changed all Roman legacy,although lot of modern day South Slavs have some DNA of people who used to live here before great migrations.There is town in Slovenia called Ilirska Bistrica.

[@stoferb876]

About Illyria, Albanians are believed to be remnants of the original Illyrians due to their language.

[@merrold4233]

As far as the Spain thing is concerned, my family in Spain are adamant that they are Spanish, but from Galicia, the Northwest part of Spain, so they are VERY aware of who is from where. They even go back to the whole 3 kings (and one cousin) of Castile, Leon and Galicia, and Uncle Navarra. Catalan Independence has been alive and actually active to this day to break away as a Catalan, which is basically the richest parts of old Aragon. And not to mention PORTUGAL is creating a whole culture right next door to one of the biggest Empires to exist. A lot of Power in Iberia, and history obviously!

[@AllPileup]

8:08 Top Gear fans would've known about their one particular car 😂

[@paksuaiman3672]

8:10 yep that's all we need "the dacia sandero" (pronounced as James may would)

[@JoiceVaderd]

I'm an American and know the Romanian car company, Dacia. It could be because I'm a car enthusiast. I just thought it was more known. I was quite surprised to hear that Chris didn't know them.

[@BrendanBrown1]

Please please PLEASE react to the rest of Historia Cilivis' series on Caesar and Octavian. It's such a simple yet brilliant accounting of the transition from the republic to the empire, and I've seen it like 10 times. At the very least, you've gotta react to his episode on Caesar's assassination!

[@kevinadams5524]

I’m a couple miles from Livonia mi

[@Awells89]

Every time I see a globe or Map that has USSR on it I can't help but look at it I'm a major map nerd.

[@planegirl430]

RobWords has a video exploring the history of European country names.

[@Shadowkiller-dq2ju]

Shout out from Lithuania. I’m currently deployed out here

[@emanuelotero7617]

Hello Chris, I think you should react to Best Law's in US history by Mr. Beat. Nice reaction vid btw!

[@CaribbeanHistory]

Let me help with the spanish thing. Spain as a unified country technically speaking doesn't exactly occur with the marriage of Isabel and Fernando, it started that process. The unification under one crown comes under Carlos I in 1516 for he is the grandson of the catholic monarchs and inherits both crowns. The way Spain governs its lands during this time period is different from other countries for while there is a single crown, the lands are still divided in the former lands of the previous kingdoms that precede it. If you look at the titles of Carlos I (yes, he is Charles V of the HRE), it also includes the crowns of Castille, Aragon, and Navarre as if they were still independent. In fact, the lands would remain with said titles until the 1830's when an official reorganization of the lands occur and the former "kingdoms" become provinces (Galicia, Castilla la Vieja, Andalucia, etc.), which is why some Spanish historians would argue that Spain wasn't truly unified until the 19th century. It depends from what lens you look at the political structure of Spain. Do the spanish people still maintain a unique identity? Yes! Galicians, Basques, Valencians, and Catalans have a unique culture within the overall spanish culture as a whole. Their local languages are recognized as official languages alongside "Castellano" or what the rest of the world calls the spanish language. I live in central Spain so I'm used to the core Spanish culture. At times I go to Valencia to visit my best friend and its different in its own way. Do people speak spanish/castilian? Yes, its the universal language, but they also speak their local Valencian language and you can see it in street signs and public buildings. Fun fact: Catalan language derives from Valencian, but the Catalans will never admit to it, i've been told. Hope this helps!

[@zuraorokamono204]

Well, about Romania emerging in the 19th century, that is true for political maps, especially foreign ones, but Romanians themselves always referred to their language as Romanian (românește) and while Moldova and Transylvania had their own regional names, Wallachians rarely referred to themselves as such. "Wallachia" is an exonym and it means "Foreign Land" or "Latin Land", I think you'll find other ex-Roman territories have similar names today, "Wales/CornWall/Wallonia/Włochy(Italy)/Welsch(Romance Swiss)". Internally, Wallachians called their country "The Roman Land" (Țara Românească). I think the name continuum between modern Romanians and the ancient Balkanic Romans is often underappreciated.

[@zuraorokamono204]

Spain definitely comes from the Latin "Hispania" but I think he could have gone further there. "Hispania" comes from the Carthaginian name for the peninsula "Ishphanim" which people say it either means "land of rabbits" or "land of metals". The first one sounds adorable but considering the Carthaginian primarily exploited the Iberian mines, I have to favor the latter.

[@Pidalin]

4:06 - For me as Czech, it's really weird that so many people think that Celts lived just in France and today UK, they were everywhere, even Turkey had some celtic tribes. Here in Czechia, we have maybe more evidences about life from Celtic time than from early Slavic time that is still very unclear and hidden behind many legents, propaganda and stuff like that. Many things we had in school decades ago were just propaganda nonsenses. I am not saying we are celtic, but slavs were not superior people who replaced some outdated tribes, they just merged together. BTW, people from Moravia and Silesia very hate name Czechia, because for them, it feels like it's all about Bohemian part (Čechy in Czech), but they don't feel as Czechs, they consider their regional "nationality" more important, some Moravians even say they are just Moravian, not Czechs and they would like to have their own country, they are still mad that Great Moravia fell apart even when it's like 1200 years or something. 😀

[@cba2make1up]

In the case of my country, Tunisia, it was called "Africa" for most of its history, starting with the Romans of course. Then it was arabized into "Ifriqiyya" with the advent of the different Arab and Berber Muslim dynasties that ruled over it.

[@chimelxatrindad1516]

Will you do civil war historian rating civil war movie scenes?

[@hughjassol2072]

I love this channel, but I want him to make more videos on the countries outside of the Western World. There’s nearly 7 billion people who’s culture he doesn’t make videos on. I enjoy learning from him, but I also enjoy watching him learn.

[@johnnamorton6744]

This is what a friend and I were talking about in Christianity (No body yell at me I'm not a christian...) As Christianity became an identity to a region the belief system changed sometimes for the good and sometimes for the bad. You would have some regions for example where pig farming was very important and suddenly the preacher would preach that eating pigs were ok in the christian religion, Christian butchers would put a pigs head in the shop window to discourage Muslims and Jews from going there (With the blessings of the church). In regions were eating pigs was forbidden pastors would discourage their flock using passages from the Jewish scriptures to condemn Christians who ate pigs. ETC. You see different translations of the concept of slavery and servent depending upon the politics of the time. You see bibles that had complete books removed because it discouraged slavery and was though to lead to a revolt. As "Modern" churches start to emerge the ideas that were fircly debated for hundreds of years suddenly come back as "New found doctrine"

[@199zoltan991]

Will you have an official meet up in Bratislava?

[@010Jordi]

When Barcelona joined with aragon it was the male line from Barcelona and again with the union between aragon and castile it was the male line from aragon but actually Barcelona