The Plane You Never Heard of

[@blkjet117]

When I took the Aircraft Battle Damage Repair class at RAF Woodbridge in the 1980's, they used old Ouragans. They allowed us to attack them with an axe, and then we had to repair the damage that we inflicted. It was an interesting and fun course.

[@aj-2savage896]

USAF had the same things. I remember seeing F-101s, F-105s, and B-57s off the top of my head. This was not about doing proper repairs but about keeping sortie rates up without reinforcements through quick-and-dirty sheet metal work.

[@captjinxmarine9832]

There is always a tingling I get going up to my head when showing planes in the same era I was born. I’ve been able to see the multitudes of advances done to flight. It’s really something since I’ve always been in love with flight. Two thirds of my career in the Corps I was with a Hawk Battery, when I let loss of the Hawk it was something, wow!

[@flickingbollocks5542]

I was born when them there boys from somewhere flew a kitty on the back of a hawk. It was all over newsreels and newspapers at the time. When is pudding..?

[@johnathandavis3693]

I'm 61...do you remember the "Roger Ramjet" cartoons in the 60's? They were flying planes like this, LOL...

[@johnathandavis3693]

@@flickingbollocks5542 I'm guessing "pudding" is a few years in your future, if you're lucky. Hope you make it!

[@captjinxmarine9832]

One of my favorite . How about the original, Johnny Quest and Aqua Boy@@johnathandavis3693

[@captjinxmarine9832]

I just this again and now my ribs hurt you dawg..@@flickingbollocks5542

[@samuelpeterson5606]

Great day when dark skies uploads

[@kcstafford2784]

Except for the background music....

[@jerrymail]

Always loved the Ouragan, Mystère and Super Mystère B2. There are still some left at the entrance to some air bases, as decoration.

[@madbrowndog4887]

Dark Skies: "The plane You Never Heard Of" Me: "Looks like an Ouragan in the thumbnail, I wonder what it is?" Clicks - "Oh, it's just an Ouragan."

[@bassetdad437]

He does love his outrageous headlines.

[@Orielkn10]

same (but i knew that is the ouragan)

[@dougkennedy4906]

It's amazing how I built a model airplane back in the 70's ,that I never heard of .😂😂😂😂

[@X.LR8]

I would love to see a video about the MiG-19 if there isn't one already

[@ninjalanternshark1508]

I have over 100 matches played in the Ouragan on War Thunder, so I have definitely heard of it, but I still enjoyed the video =)

[@stephenhall3515]

A slight correction is needed. The Ouragan was not developed from American jets but from British ones initially built around the Whittle-De Havilland Ghost engine which evolved into the Rolls Royce Nene. Some Nene engines were given to the Soviets by a very stupid defence minister and the Soviets reverse-engineered them for Mig 15. British developments towards swept wing plans like the Swift and Gnat included some French engineers from the former Free French staff who stayed in Britain after 1945 in a cooperation programme which would eventually lead to marvelous Anglo-French aircraft. The Ouragan elegantly had a wing shape mixing sweep with two pitches front and rear of the wings an this might have been derived from the Saab 29 Tunnan, which also used the Ghost/Nene engine. Although not as famous as the Mystere series, this video shows how the compromise solution on full sweep turned out to be an advantage in versatility, setting new standards in battlefield support. Equally important, at least in my opinion, the Ouragan showed that French aviation had only been paused by Nazi occupation and not snuffed out.

[@ibluap]

Great story. But I have seen more Mysteres than Ouragans in scene in this documentary! You can tell a Mystere from an Ouragan by the angle of the wings. Ouragans have an almost straight wing and its fuselage is shorter. They also use to carry wingtip tanks. The Mysteres (more advanced) had a longer fuselage and swept wing at different angles. Mystere IV had a long chord swept wing, and Super Mystere had a similar wing but with more swept wing angle.

[@kennethhamilton5633]

Ahhhh, thankee, I was wondering about the different wings in the video🤓

[@jean-louisbeaufils5699]

Yes, I was about to comment on this.

[@minhthunguyendang9900]

The Mystere 2 was still rather similar to the Ouragan.

[@flexyco]

People over here in The Netherlands often make fun of French cars, seeing them as underdeveloped or rusting in the folder. They see German cars as superior. Bullshit. French technology was often way ahead of its time. First 16v racer? Peugeot, 1912. First mass produced front wheel drive car? Citroën Traction Avant, 1934. The most complicated car until 1970 was the Citroën DS which was voted the third best car of the 20th Century, only outdone by the Ford Model T and the Volkswagen Beetle. Those other two because their production numbers and bringing the car to the masses, not the technology. The Citroën DS was from 1955 the most complicated car people could by until 1970, offering superior ride because of the suspension, aerodynamics and more ... until an even more complicated car with even better results got onto the market in 1970: the Citroën SM. The French are highly skilled and innovative, only hampered by the sheer amount of money other nations had and have. And it shows with its aerospace industry: Airbus rivaling Boeing and until present day Dassault making some of the best fighter jets in history.

[@narusawa74]

Recent cars made in france are absolute dog shite man. I live there so I know. Made of plastic underpowered and still damn expensive . Fench cars are the new Lada of the 80s....and with the new carbon taxes bs, you have to pay half the value of a car, new or used, on top of the car's retail price. Like mabybither countries we are crumbling, according to the plan of groups like WEF and massons and guys like Gates, Sauros and their friends who puppeteer the fall of western world to establish some kind if Marxist utopia where rhey will rule as kings and keep world population in camps. I've you know the novel 1984 or the game Half Life, that's what they want. Proofs are all over rhe place when you really open your eyes. Hence why we got the woke culture, the pandemia, the pitting of ethnies against each other and now the so many wars worldwide. And now ge z and milkenials have been properly brainwashed and will obey whoever promises to keep them safe.....yep it sucks badly and it's no5 over.

[@Zerosen89]

"The Plane You Never Heard Of" Unless your a war thunder player currently going through the Israeli air tech tree

[@charlesharper2357]

The Mig 15 was powered by a copy of the Nene engine...

[@bassetdad437]

Gifted to the Russians by a naive UK Labour government.

[@proteusnz99]

Of course I’ve heard of the Dassault Ouragan, the first French domestic jet to enter series production, though I think they used the RR Nene (also the base engine for the MiG-15 and the Grumman F9F Panther, some sort of record perhaps).

[@lancerevell5979]

Keeps talking about Ouragans, keeps showing Mysteres.

[@tommyvictorbuch6960]

Many KZbinrs claim to be intelligent, yet only demonstrates stupidity. I think this video is okay, even if there is a mismach of planes and names.

[@crypto118]

They do bear a certain resemblance in those old films, so I cut him some slack for that.

[@TheRealRedRooster]

@@crypto118 Resemblance? No, not really, the Ouragan has a vertical inlet divider, the Mystere has a circular one in the middle. The Ouragan is a straight wing design while the Mystere has a clearly swept wing. And the trailing edge of the tailfin of the Ouragan is about a foot past the end of the engine exhaust, on the Mystere, it starts flush with that. Rather easy to tell them apart... It is a very common problem with all the Dark *** channels that they just can't keep their video clips straight, always showing unrelated contents. Which is a pity, as by the topic, the content, occasional narration fubars aside, is interesting...

[@crypto118]

@@TheRealRedRooster Oh, don't get me wrong - there are LOTS of differences, and it is frustrating for me as well. F-102 vs F-106, DC-6 vs DC-7, etc...I see it all the time. I just meant their VERY general appearance. So I totally understand your comment :)

[@deepwoods_dave7368]

Here we go again….. Why don’t you make the video then? Bet you could do far better.

[@MrCateagle]

Don't forget that the "international collaboration" included acquiring most of Junkers' jet engine team to form SNECMA.

[@johnearle1]

German engineers created the turboprop engines that make the Tupolev 95 fly almost as fast as the B-52.

[@kidpagronprimsank05]

Actually BMW, but still

[@nozdormu89]

I find it fascinating that the background music is the theme music for the Battlefield series.

[@navajauwu6025]

the good ouragan, I am Salvadoran, little is known that the Salvadoran ouragans were reconditioned before their purchase and could use the Rafael Shafir 2 air-to-air missiles and use napalm bombs in addition to air-to-ground rockets and normal bombs, they were so good in their role as fighter-bombers that the FMLN communists attacked the Ilopango air base, for that reason they destroyed several along with the C.M 170 Fouga Magister and there the change to the A-37B took place, I have been lucky enough to see the Md 450B ouragan in the aviation museum in Ilopango, excellent video

[@shatterquartz]

A great and informative video as always. If I may offer a small correction: the second part of Saint-Cloud is not pronounced as the similarly-spelled English word, but as "clue".

[@jjmcrosbie]

Nice, interesting video. Well done. French aircraft had always been "There or there-abouts", from Blériot and Morane pre-WW1. Their aero-engines were always among the best, save for immediate post-WW2. Their aircraft in 1939-40 were becoming obsolescent because they were produced about 2 years earlier at a time of very rapid advances in the technology. Post WW2 they studied the BMW jet engines that Germany had produced for their Heinkel Volksjaeger fighter, and these studies were developed and later produced the SNECMA Atar, a very successful series of engines. This was an axial flow jet whereas, up to that time, the British jets had all been centrifugal flow, which is easier to create but less efficient, whence the RR Derwent and Nene. Of course British jets stayed ahead for a few years with the RR Avon and Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire. Anyway, how about some more videos on French aircraft? The Mirage series looks fruitful - if perhaps rather long and weighty for a single youtube product. Like their F1 (swept wing), F3 swing-wing (only 3 prototypes made) followed by various deltas FIII, F4 (delta wing nuclear bomber!!) Mirages 2000 (just barely phased out, I still see them overhead) and of course the Rafale. Another interesting video might cover post-WW2 airliners like the lovely old Deux Ponts (double-deck!!), Caravelle (of course and the use McDD made of the data to produce their range of rear-engined airliners right up to DC10). French aviation is rich indeed. That beautiful, elegant Fouga Magister (naval version Zephir).

[@movingaboveandbeyond]

Outstanding video! Thx!

[@RolfSAMA]

Do a vid on that Cessna Dragonfly next plz.

[@robert-trading-as-Bob69]

I have wondered for years how to pronounce Ouragan properly, thanks for the good video.

[@daystatesniper01]

Really enjoyed this video , thank you .

[@marvwatkins7029]

Those French "flood pants" of the time were crazy. 🤣

[@iKvetch558]

LOL...for a minute there I thought he was gonna say the MiG-15 is underrated...glad that is not the case. 😜

[@Leon1Aust]

A chubby little fighter if only they knew about area rule in those days, then I remembered you saying the aircraft had a Rolls Royce Nene centrifugal jet engine then this makes sense. All these French aircraft around this time were the precursor's to the famous Mirage III (Bloch was his original name before the war until he changed his name to Dassault in memory of his brother's French resistant name Dassault) thus the name Dassault Mirage III.

[@RobertMattison-w4p]

Great program and history lesson.

[@marvwatkins7029]

So many military planes of the 1950's.

[@marcleewinser8534]

I like this Music - Choir, Orchestra and a good Rhythm...

[@kowell]

It's the main theme from Battlefield 1942

[@edzimdahl1158]

In all time periods Israel has always excelled at using the little, often, in many people's opinion, inferior tools, arms, planes, what have you to defend themselves and their country, and also excell at tactics that work, educating their people, and creation of devices which help many that they freely willingly share with the world, pray for Israel and the Israeli people's as those openly choosing to take them down are supported by many terrorists backing regimes

[@ronaldamesjr.7125]

Good show! Have you done one on the dragonfly at the end

[@ivanhicks887]

Excellent Presentation

[@briancooper2112]

Great video!

[@minhthunguyendang9900]

4:02 Is that the 1st planned configuration for the Ouragan ?

[@chilarai1]

The two IAFs, Indian's and Israeli's, loved the Ouragans and Mysteres. Israel continued to use French aircraft as their front line fighters with the Mirage 3 which which was later converted by the Israelis into the deadly Kfir wihen it was mated with the more powerful Phantom engine. India upgraded to the Mirage 2000 and Rafale both of which are in service now.

[@marvwatkins7029]

With what looked like car antennae!

[@tihlsteinig2465]

Fascinating story!!! Thanks!

[@pedroleal7118]

The massacre of the Portuguese, in Diu, would deserve a documentary on it's own, but this is an Aviation channel .

[@beProsto]

is that the battlefield theme at 8:50?

[@robozstarrr8930]

a shame those dark series guys NEVER list the music they use!! . . . . try Shazam

[@shadow4evr]

My pulse quickened when I heard that familiar tune. I was alone and still asked out loud “… is that … Battlefield?! Sweet!”

[@bluetopguitar1104]

Thanks for a slightly different subject. Rarely known by many.

[@stevetheduck1425]

The time the French used DeHavilland Vampires / Mistrals, Panther tanks and old German transport planes, this while the aviation industry got back on it's feet with a lot of help, is mostly forgotten now.

[@phann860]

British engines for both the Mig 15 and Ouragan.

[@WAL_DC-6B]

Well, a copy of the British Nene engine by the Soviets for their MiG-15. But technically, you're right!

[@alancranford3398]

Years ago I had a scale model Ouragan and I've seen them in museums and possibly in flight--plus photos and videos of the type. I am surprised that the Ouragan is an unknown airplane.

[@auro1986]

every product is good if used as it's supposed to be

[@Verklunkenzwiebel]

I'm hearing music from the "Battlefield 1942" game at 9:30

[@basiltaylor8910]

Ever heard of the Borougan ,a clever adaptation of Marcel Bloch,s little Gallic Charmer, Messier Frances major supplier of undercarriages designed a compact four wheel main gear enabling the Borougan to take off ,land from grass dirt, and gravel strips and poor surfaced roads.

[@kcstafford2784]

Sure wish one could control the background music I enjoy your work but sometimes the music makes it hard for the hearing impaired to understand....no CC is not the answer......

[@nelsonlanglois9104]

Proof that it isn't necessarily Superior Aircraft that wins the air combat but rather the Superior Trained Air crews... Which is " Why " the U.S. Navy holds Top Gun school

[@anotherdave5107]

What's an "airborne landing" in the mitla pass?

[@alexanderdeburdegala4609]

There are many times in history Israel out performs its local rivals, how? Really intense training? detection? war games against allied countries? combinations there of? ( Just curious no bias )

[@luarbiasawaras8700]

i think all true, its like one state of usa becoming a nation somewhere in the middle east.

[@edzimdahl1158]

As God's chosen people's they and their country are Blessed in ways most don't or refuse to understand or believe, many that don't believe or have Faith in God, the Bible or Torah would do well to read them both cover to cover, even if they remained nonbelievers they would hopefully at least gain a bit of knowledge of what the world is watching unfold before our eyes

[@luarbiasawaras8700]

@poiujnbvcxdswq wow, thanks for the explanation

[@rkirschner7175]

And the Mirage after that. For a minute anyway. 👍❤

[@SUPRAMIKE18]

They did use the Mirage design for a while, it was upgraded by Israel and became the Nesher and Kfir fighters.

[@gothicpagan.666]

4×20mm cannons was a but yesterday even back then 🤔

[@terenceblakely4328]

These type of videos almost always ignore the importance of pilot training.

[@varonmullis5255]

Slipping incorrect aircraft clips into the video stream repeatedly detracts from the message.

[@runesvensson1244]

Some of the photage looks like the Dassault Mystére...

[@stevetheduck1425]

Yes.

[@damienmaynard8892]

I did know about this little fighter. Ouragan = Hurricane. Marcel Bloch became Marcel D'assault after WW2. India used them as the Toofani (which also means Hurricane) up to 1965 in the front line. El Salvador also used them up to 1982 (you said 1992?) when some were destroyed on the ground by rebels and the goverment wanted A-37 Dragonfly replacements.

[@mhpjii]

Interesting. Marcel Dassault was a Jew as was Mikhail Gurevich of the Russian aviation firm Mikoyan-Gurevich (MiG).

[@mladenmatosevic4591]

Artem Mikoyan was brother of Stalin's engineering guru in Politburo, Anastas.

[@JamesBaker-q1h]

Richard Nixon; "I'm told you have the best army in the world." Moishe Dayan; "I don't know. We've only ever fought Arabs."

[@fload46d]

It all depends on the pilot usually.

[@luarbiasawaras8700]

pilot, mechanic, general

[@Irobert1115HD]

fo everyone interested: most top aces either die to mechanical failure, old age or ground fire.

[@swingingbunny3550]

Ibrahim el Awal was not an airbase!! It was an Egyptian ship!!

[@frank-y8n]

I did recognize them from the photo

[@patolt1628]

YOU never heard about this aircraft ...😉 2:25: Marcel Bloch was in trouble with the Vichy regime for sure but the reasons why he was arrested by the Gestapo in March 1944 are unclear: it was not because he refused to cooperate with the Nazi regime although he didn't obviously cooperate but this was not the main reason. Anyway he was sent to Drancy "intermediate camp" for arrested Jews before being sent to a concentration camp but ... luckily (so to speak) he was transferred to Buchenwald as a "political prisoner" instead of Auschwitz. Once in the camp, due to his health condition, he would not have survived for long without the help of the "comittee for French interests" led by communist resistants. That's why after the war, although he has never been a communist, he was giving some money every year to the communist (their newspaper at least) because they earned his undying gratitude. The situation in those times was not simple ... 4:04: this is a prototype which never entered service. 7:20 until the end: the rare Ouragans shown are only French, never Indians or Israeli. All the Israeli fighters shown are Mystères IV, some Super-Mystères B2 (SMB2) and even a Mirage III. Just to be precise although I understand that there are not many videos of these aircrafts from the IAF.

[@robertrichard6107]

Looks like a F-84 with RR engine, staighter wings.

[@charlesivey100]

Egyptian pilots had an over-developed instinct for self-preservation lol... chicken s-hits

[@strikezero01]

I'm hearing the classic Battlefield theme bgm.

[@Fabrice1970]

When you see how superior French jet fighters are, especially the Rafale, imagine what our French engineers could develop with the resources from USA. Not to mention civil aviation in which French Airbus dominates Boeing

[@chocochoco5186]

I m glad french kept their industry protected from NATO standardization. The country that made spitfire, meteor is now lagging behind but not France

[@UkrainianPaulie]

Superior? Sorry Frenchie. The US has made a fighter that has NEVER been shot down. The F-15 Eagle. 😮 Bub bye.

[@kam7r882]

@@UkrainianPaulie compare US budget and the French budget ... i don't have to say more ...

[@mikehimes7944]

With the access to the entire EU defense budget, you produced the eurofighter.

[@SynapseDriven]

Yes, I knew of Ouragan, Do you know the vaotour?

[@WAL_DC-6B]

Did you mean Vautour?

[@gregwasserman2635]

I thought this was a video about a plane I had never heard of. Can someone time stamp when the plane is mentioned. Ouragans are not that obscure.

[@mothmagic1]

Not that unheard of if you were born in the late 40s/early 50s

[@frostedbutts4340]

Yeah but.. the average age on KZbin is about 9 haha

[@navret1707]

Never forget the USS Liberty, 08 June 1967.

[@mhpjii]

No need to because the nut cases dwell on it all day and night

[@larrythorn4715]

"The plane you never heard of".... Used to 'fly' it all the time in SFP1 with the 1967 war mods...So...

[@brittennz]

הפרק הזה מיותר לגמרי. בעיקר דיבורים. טורקיה לא צריכה לאיים על ישראל צבאית. היא יושבת כ 50 מייבוא הנפט לישראל ועל חלק גדול מהספקת המזון. ממש שיחת חברים ללא יותר מידי רעיונות פורצי דר קשה לה להבין איך בריק חושב שאפשר לעצור לחומה ולחזור למצב בעוד כמה חדשים. לא ינתן לנו הכרדיט הזה.

[@paddy1952]

Maybe you never heard of it. Lots of us did.

[@JSFGuy]

This is more like it... Let's check it out.

[@tomswift9542]

Awful lot of MiG 19 footage when talking about the MiG 15

[@kartiktiriya2265]

DESSAULT URAGAN HELPED INDIA FREE GOA FROM PORTUGUESE CAPITALISM/IMPERIALISM IN 1960s AND INTEGRATED IT BACK INTO INDIA IT TOOK OUT PORTUGUESE AIR FIELDS AND RADIO OPERATIONS. FURTHER IT ALSO SERVED IN 1962 INDO CHINA WAR IN RECONESENS.

[@neutronjack7399]

About 40 years ago I had a chance to walk around a Ouragan at Ilpango Airport in El Salvador. While in Honduras, I had a chance to observe Super Mysteres in action.

[@LASLOEGRI]

This should be re-made with actual footage of the plane being discussed. I see at least 3 totally different planes. Totally confused.

[@Crissy_the_wonder]

I had heard of it

[@stevetheduck1425]

Heard of it. Built models of it.

[@mikecavallaro466]

I've heard of it.

[@peterhardy4517]

Looks similar to a Mig 15. Nothing like an American plane.

[@khaelamensha3624]

Well I did heard of these aircrafts... Being French helped of course 😂

[@ianberry5879]

*under the star of Remphan. See Acts 7:43

[@AndyFromBeaverton]

Back when the French supported Israel, unlike today.

[@bobsmudger3979]

In fairness, France has been heavily infiltrated over the past two decades.

[@rmcdudmk212]

Maybe they are not fans of ethnic cleansing and bombing civilians 🤔

[@flickingbollocks5542]

😂

[@solid_fire9388]

they don’t wanna support murder’s

[@mred8002]

Always for sale to the highest bidder.

[@thomasburke7995]

Not noted.. but in the mid 1930s FRANCE, not British , Americans, the Soviets or the GERMANS that were NOT as technologically advanced as France was. A significant portion of german jewish scientists fled for France as Hitler started his accent to power. These scientists worked on French designs that were far superior to anything NAZI GERMANY during the Spanish civil war.. EVEN in the aviation aerospace field France is a DARK HORSE , first to use CAD/CAM in the entire design process, and essentially designed the Concord's aerodynamics but could not pull off the engineering innovations to make it go fast.

[@American-Motors-Corporation]

Paid for with American deficit spending!

[@Charles-k9g5y]

Every country does that.

[@American-Motors-Corporation]

@@Charles-k9g5y meh, but we don't more especially on behalf of is-hell.

[@Charles-k9g5y]

@@American-Motors-Corporation -- I’m sorry but your statement isn’t making sense to me.

[@American-Motors-Corporation]

@@Charles-k9g5y we blow money we don't have to give to them, when we spend what we don't have it's deficit spending.

[@yoamal1187]

​@@American-Motors-Corporationwe know you blow, but what does Israel have to do with that?

[@oldnavcat]

Throwing in short clips from stock footage of aircraft other than the subject matter do not enhance your credibility!

[@michaelhband]

👍👍👍❤❤❤✈✈✈

[@dougkennedy4906]

It is amazing how I built a model airplane back in the 70's, of a plane I never heard of. Nice try there dude. Next.

[@jamesragus1577]

Complimentary algorithm enhancement comment!😊

[@marvwatkins7029]

Egypt: such an unhappy land with a sad history (but not as bad as Pakistan!).

[@davidbabcock5172]

Funny I don’t seem to remember one time that Soviet jets did very good against any capable enemy. They only seemed to do good against poorly equipped aircraft.

[@miguelgarr576]

The soviet MiG-15 outmached the USA F-86 in Corea. WW2 soviet pilots againts WW2 USA pilots...

[@dishusse]

@@miguelgarr576 No. The Mig-15 was superior to the F-86 in many aspects but the Americans learned to avoid fighting on the Mig's terms and instead exploit the advantages of the F-86. Eventually the kill ratio was in the Americans favor. The US pilots were probably also better trained than the Russian and the Chinese pilots.

[@davidbabcock5172]

@@miguelgarr576 Saying it was better is just based on performance stats. If the other guy shoots down more of yours than you do his it ain’t better as far as I’m concerned.

[@miguelgarr576]

@@davidbabcock5172 American F_86 vs Soviet MG-15 Is in favor of the MiG...just historial data.

[@steveshoemaker6347]

🇺🇸👍👍

[@paulhunter1735]

I'm sorry but i had to laugh at this plane. It's designer wanted to build an all french designed plane for the pride of his country's aircraft industry so he copies the designs of two US aircraft and puts a British engine in it lol. Hell what part of it was french the damned bolts that held it together? And to top it all off it had a bad tendency to snap and depart into a spin when you tried to dogfight with it which was one of the things it was designed to do. Doesn't sound like a very good French plane if you can even consider it a French plane at all. Hell they build Toyota automobiles in the US now but they're still Japanese cars.

[@m.s.9744]

Clickbait!! No Hurricane!!

[@bbt305]

HURRICANE 🌀??? Clickbait? Dislike 👎🏼

[@aggonzalezdc]

You can pronounce Ouragon right but you cant say chassis correctly?

[@geeeeeee3]

So why didn't the French use this in their war in SEA?

[@bassetdad437]

Was it paid for from MDAP funds provided by the USA? They might have embargoed their use for anything except standing against the USSR.