The Radical Map of Topological Quantum Computing

Visit Microsoft Azure Quantum here to learn about quantum computing for free quantum.microsoft.com/?ocid=2... quantum.microsoft.com/en-us/e... Topological quantum computing is a brand new form of quantum computing being developed by Microsoft as they enter the race to build the world's first useful quantum computer. In this video I visited Microsoft’s quantum labs to see how they are making their topological quantum computers and learn how topology helps their quantum devices avoid noise by harnessing the power of Majorana quasiparticles which are made from an exotic form of superconductivity where the electrons behave like there is a Majorana particle there which has the special properties of topology.
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References
“InAs-Al hybrid devices passing the topological gap protocol” journals.aps.org/prb/abstract...
“A cryogenic CMOS chip for generating control signals for multiple qubits” www.nature.com/articles/s4192...
Topological qubit noise levels - “Assessing requirements to scale to practical quantum advantage” chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/arxiv.org/pdf/2211.07629
Chapters
00:00 Topological Quantum Computing
02:01 Topology Explained
04:47 Resilience to Noise
05:51 Anatomy of a Quantum Computer
07:05 Chip Fabrication and Lab Tour
09:41 How to Build a Quantum Computer
11:21 Topological Quantum Computing Lego Explainer
15:40 Microsoft’s Results
17:50 Majorana Particle Explained
21:31 Sponsor Message
23:03 Thanks Patrons!

[@danielwoods7325]

Really liked this video because you don't often get explanations of all the jargon from someone who literally researched this and understands all the nuance. Great video!

[@kevinlittle4556]

The explanation of topological quantum computing was both informative and interesting. The use of Legos to illustrate its functioning was particularly enjoyable.

[@Katzeblow]

And then there's me still struggling to with algebraic topology

[@GabrieleMacchi]

Agree!

[@mighty7579]

Can't wait to play the next souls game with it.

[@monkaeyes3417]

Meme of $3000 pc playing bloons TD6 but its the future and ehhh idk where to go with this.

[@CoffeeTroll]

Can’t even play pong with them yet

[@markonfilms]

But will it run Crysis? 😂 It's so old it's almost not funny anymore. I guess now you might would say "Can it render a full Pixar movie in near real-time" lol

[@soyoltoi]

Majorana, the Quasi

[@alexander8877]

It does not work for classical tasks

[@Abdul-qo6eb]

I can't believe i just understood topological quantum computing without prior background knowledge. You did amazing.

[@josemanuelperezzegarra2049]

Thank you very much sir. I just finished the 3rd year of Physics in college and this means fuel to me. Keep it up please. This kind of videos may not be the most popular, but may be the most useful for future researchers

[@En1Gm4A]

these maps are pure distilled understanding - thx a lot

[@HarisAzriel]

Hi, thanks for the great video! I'm an undergraduate student in mathematics, and I aspire to one day become a quantum researchers. During the pandemic, I had been watching materials about quantum computing from Microsoft, and it had been one of my greatest source of inspiration to choose this field of study. I'm glad that despite the hype around AI these days, they still haven't give up on pursuing quantum. Sometimes I feel defeated because of how late I'm coming into this field, but this video has sparked back some of that lost motivation. I won't give up in my pursuit, and again, thank you for the awesome video!

[@Sralit]

Don’t worry. Just follow your inspiration, and you will become one of the best. It’s not so easy, but it’s not so hard either.

[@HarisAzriel]

@@Sralit Thank you! :)

[@Rockyzach88]

Describing an electron hole as a quasi-particle (collective behavior) is so intuitive. It makes me wonder why I never heard any of my teachers/professors explain it like that when that's quite literally what it is. Otherwise it just sounds like some wand waving explanation.

[@MultiRRR123]

Lots of things can be quasiparticles and high school/uni teachers never mention them! Magnons, and phonons are two other examples. There, the specific patterns of movement in an atomic lattice creates waves that can be characterized as particles with specific properties (spin, momentum, etc.) and they can even interact with real particles.

[@pinhengchen]

The best introduction on topological quantum computing I have ever watched so far. Excellent job!!

[@michaeltheisen]

Another QC map! I love these because they help me visualize my favorite aspects of the field into a nice map! Its so clean and intuitive and really helps me organize my thoughts like one of those inspiration boards. Never stop making these maps! This is some of my favorite content on youtube!

[@PatiparnPojanart]

This video is incredible! I spent a lot of time researching Majorana particles and quasi-particles with topological properties, and you managed to explain it all in less than half an hour. You're amazing! Now I can easily explain this topic to anyone. It's also exciting to see how Microsoft is turning physicists' decades-long dream of fabricating these islands into a reality!

[@drewwilson8756]

Legos! What a great bump to the intellect of people everywhere.

[@TerezaTizkova]

Great video! I was missing the mention of braids group and more topology, but I get that it's incredibly difficult to contain in one video. Your video helped me understand quasiparticles, thank you!

[@KnowLimitLLC]

Don't take this wrong, but all your videos, infographics, and other information has developed within me my first man-crush! Haha . I love how you chop up all the information into bite-sized chunks, how effectively you boil down the comprehensive study of physics, and how especially interesting you make the information. ❤

[@MiguelGomez-ft8cw]

Man this is the best video i've ever seen in KZbin

[@fredericoamigo]

Man you’re good. Loving your work! Keep on making this wonderful videos!

[@corsaircaruso471]

Love this video and these kinds of videos. I’d had a bit of confusing as to what topological qc was, so thank you!

[@bobovv6060]

That was brilliantly explained !! Such difficult , esoteric concepts to convey and put together but you did it really well. Thank you. Really excited now to follow how this develops

[@doctor6932]

Thank you. I sincerely appreciate the time you spent to make this enlightening video.

[@shafiandpritha7701]

You have a great way of breaking down complex physics concepts 😊

[@gustavmartin2]

Great video! I finally have an idea of what topological qubits and Majorana particles are. Very well explained, I liked a lot the Lego analogy. Now I have a better understanding of the work my son is doing at Microsoft Lab. Thanks!

[@javiercorrea9802]

Amazing video, thank you for making such a complex (but exciting!) topic so understandable. A treasure! Keep up the great work!!

[@Rockyzach88]

Legos are a gift for science and engineering lol. I had to make a presentation about chemical inhibitors for the company I worked for at the time and I used legos to describe the process. It worked great.

[@dhruvbhardwaj-bk5cr]

Just freaking love this channel

[@giovannironchi5332]

I studied topology and homotopy theory and I am fascinated by technology. Thanks for this video!

[@seminaia2009]

This is amazing I am actually doing a PhD and my research involves topological superconductivity and modelling using DFT

[@Jm4steam]

Good video. Very interesting how this technology is progressing.

[@VMac-eg7fb]

EXCELLENT RENDITION, GREAT CONCEPTS!

[@AGI-Bingo]

You need to include Thermodynamic Computing Now haha. Love your channel ❤

[@zain_x_alpha]

thanks for video on quantum computing after 2 years✨

[@MikeBroadfoot]

You really are a super quantum science explainer! Thanks!

[@Mo.Faried]

I was banging my head against the wall to understand this till you explained it. I want to hug you right now ❤ 😅

[@LuanFauth]

please make: Map of Law, Map of Linguistics, Map of History, Map of Geography, Map of Economics etc... your videos are amazing! 💙

[@JamieBettison]

every time you say 'jiggling it' ..... phwoar x

[@tinobah6049]

Wow, this was so interesting. Thanks!

[@KelvinMeeks]

Really enjoyed this video. Very informative.

[@user-jj7pt4mg8d]

So exciting to see the new development about QC. I have learned the MITXpro course named "Intro to Quantum Computing" last winter vacation and I am really passionate and confident about its future.

[@gianlucapetrignani7239]

super cool videos! I love it! keep going man

[@Kaybarax]

The fact that I understood everything, yet I have no diploma in physics. I'm just a physics enthusiast who has personally been studying 100s of hours beyond the last mini-physics class I had to do in uni, in my CS undergraduate study!

[@OneLazyRacoon]

absolutelynflunked my maths exam today but a day when DOS posts is a good day so ir kind of equals out:))

[@prof.mustafa.99]

We would like to receive map videos in the fields of astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology, thank you 🇹🇷 Türkiye

[@tomsawyer283]

Great work!

[@_TravelWithLove]

Thank you very much for sharing your insights and knowledge filled videos !! Intelligent and professional !! Outstanding !! Greetings from California … I wish you and folks good health , success and happiness !! Much Love ✌️😎💕

[@anywallsocket]

There’s a fascinating overlap between this idea and thermodynamic computing: in both cases your ‘bits’ are emergent or supervene on collective behavior of more fundamental parts. And in both situations this insures a certain stability or robustness, because, by design, the system ‘wants’ to maintain these collective states. In a sense, it seems likely that we will figure out how to overcome noise and build error-correcting quantum bits by building them ‘from’ the noise itself.

[@ottobena]

Amazing job!

[@magnusroos7493]

I really love this series. When will we have the map of psychology?

[@easyreading6378]

I really like the way you explain the different fields of engineering. I am wondering if you could talk more about mechatronic?

[@varunahlawat9013]

thanks for this video!!

[@nigh7swimming]

Brilliant explanation!

[@veeza7001]

Another amazing video thank you for sharing :-)

[@schunka1051]

super cool I'll try to do my PhD there

[@brunosantiago4849]

I know Philosophy isn't a science, but could you please consider making The Map of Philosophy? I'd absolutely appreciate that one!

[@michaelcolbourn6719]

Id love to see some more maps of maths like a more detailed map of pure maths and mathematical logic, applied maths and statistics

[@MostlyIC]

close but no cigar, in the introduction it was explained that a quantum bit can be more than just 0 or 1, it can be anything in between, and that's what makes it different from a classical bit which can only be 0 or 1 and nothing in between, but then you go on to describe an example of a topological qubit where there is either an even or odd number of electrons in it, well that's either even or odd but nothing in between, so you've lost out on quantum-ness. I think you went too far in dumbing this one down for the audience ?

[@mememealsome]

Typically with qbits the physical system can only be in two states. The low temperature and insulation from the outside world allows the circuit to exist in a superposition of 1 and 0, meaning they’re (sort of) both with some probability that they appear to be a 1 or 0 when measured. To do a quantum calculation they run a set of operation, measure the 1s and 0s, repeat, measure, repeat… eventually they have enough measurements to calculate the probability of the superposition before it collapsed and that’s the actual value of the qbit.

[@MostlyIC]

@@mememealsome as near as I can tell you are agreeing with me, the video does not explain this subtlety of quantum computing, and actually very few explanations that I've come across do. I still find it mind boggling that people think quantum computing is efficient when you actually have to repeat the computation so many times before you get a statistically meaningful result.

[@fcorp9755]

Hi Thanks for the great video. Can you do a video on the latest news about Quantum on a chip and photonic quantum computing, coming from MIT.

[@Ramkumar-uj9fo]

As an aside: While both involve surface-level operations, RPA automates tasks while topological quantum computing utilizes surface electrons for quantum computation.

[@NHCH]

This resembles a lot the development of the blue led. Obviously much more professional

[@mohammadsadeghashrafpoor6737]

Thanks for creative explanation. Specialy usint Lego to explaining better

[@vitodtin9304]

man I feel like a brainlet but despite that I am fortunate enough be able listen to galaxy brained individuals talk about the cutting edge of computing

[@ShonMardani]

Every computer is a quantum computer, computers compute the Quantity or Quantum of values. Semi conductors of the computers in ROOM TEMPERATURE have reached their operating frequency's speed limit. Transistors are ionic switches that with higher frequency of switching they get hot and create errors / noise. The most practical way of cooling the processors is with Heat Sinks and Fans which we have been using. Quantum Computers are the higher frequency computers with liquified gas cooling pipes. Concept and the technique of parallel processing is as old as the invention of IC (integrated circuit). We can connect multiple fan cooled regular computers in parallel to achieve the same performance of a Quantum Computer, all we need is a synchronization algorithm to compensate for network latency, same as the one for supper computers.

[@chrisaassd]

Very nice

[@fire17102]

Have you seen Extropic's Thermodynamic Computer? Love your channel ❤

[@Miguel_Noether]

As good as it gets, 👌

[@Antonio-yg7io]

Excellent explanation! I hope you don’t mind if I use this in my classes

[@rcbturbine9]

Mind-blowing

[@senvo28]

Amazing 😍

[@user-pd8oo2rs6j]

Hello sir since there are a lot of people from different countries around the world that follow you and want to learn English I hope that you make a vedio about the map of English language.

[@jefflastofka9289]

Great presentation - thanks! I'm wondering at about 13:00 what happened to the third "state" of the quantum device. I only see two states, so we're back to a binary computer it seems. I just discovered you through your math poster I saw at my local community college near San Diego, California. I'm going through your channel and site now. Thanks again.

[@bensimonjoules4402]

The "third" state, or the difference, would be the superposition of having an even or odd number of electrons, I think.

[@mduckernz]

The superposition of states is only useful when it’s combined with other qubits, arranged as quantum logic gates. Then the output is the finished product.

[@KevinRiggle]

20:42 When you say that the Majorana particles exhibit topological properties, what does that... mean? The Majorana particle pairs are in some mathematical sense shaped differently depending on whether there are an even or odd number of electrons in them? Coming from complex systems theory, we often think of physics and atomic physics in particular as being the domain of both simple complexity, where analytic reduction works well, as well as the domain of disordered complexity, where predicting the motion of a small number of particles is difficult (the classic three body problem), but statistical aggregates generally work to derive the collective behavior of a system from the behavior of individual particles e.g. pressure in gasses or temperature in solids. Whereas it's higher scales where we tend to see ordered complexity where emergent behaviors, well, emerge. It's very interesting to me that at the subatomic level we're back to seeing emergent behavior like these Majorana quasi-particles.

[@vmiguel1988]

This video was too short, I have so many questions!

[@Juan-cl7un]

The problems that can be solved on quantum computers can also be solved on classical computers; any computable problem is computable regardless of the computational method used to compute it. What essentialy changes is the algorithmic complexity of the computational method being used.

[@bullpup1337]

thats still being debated

[@JuliusUnique]

9:09 yeah, it is common for atoms to have dislocations, in which an entire row of atoms shifts, which is normal when many tiny balls are next to each other, in this case those tiny balls are atoms

[@Sralit]

You explained everything perfectly. Yet, I didn’t really get why the construction justifies calling it topological. There didn’t seem to be a build in safe mechanism relying on topology per se, more like a structural redundancy to reduce noice.

[@Sralit]

Another thing I missed was how the superposition stage is created. You only showed the 0 and 1 stages, but I guess you can have the stages in between as well?

[@vinniepeterss]

top notch!

[@user-xq2we4ke5t]

I highly encourage you to read 'majorana returns' from Frank Wilczek, it is very readible and enlightening

[@framegrace1]

Was about to comment, I think I know what they were smokeing when naming "Majorana" a "quasi particle" (nod,nod,wink, wink).... And turns out is the name of the guy who found them

[@mattewlefty991]

Every video I watched about quantum computing explains how such computers encode the quantum bits into physical media (and you did it well) but never explains how they do computation (and imo that's the most interesting part). Are you working also on that? Thanks

[@MichaelClarke1646]

Check back later for the next map. I'm sure it will be a doozy.

[@JuliusUnique]

but if they only measure if there are odd or even electrons, where is the inbetween?

[@muhammadsami7409]

Do the map of economics pls

[@KStarGamer_]

I feel like there are two big things here that seem a bit unexplained: 1) So the state appears to be encoded by the parity of the number of electrons between the quantum dots, but this seems very binary (either 0 for even, 1 for odd)… how do you get the intermediate states necessary to be a qubit? My guess is that there is some non-zero probability the electrons are somewhat outside of the quantum dots a la quantum tunnelling. 2) What specific topological properties do Majorana particles specifically satisfy?

[@hekewa]

Nice!

[@MrBleachFix]

Great explanation. Why are we still only interested in 0 and 1 though? I thought quantum computers used 4 states per qubit. I haven’t caught up on this stuff for a few years.

[@gurkdoinwork]

Killer video. Obviously you don't want to step on MS toes, as they both hosted and sponsored this video. So there is something I'm wondering still about this topic: your personal opinion. Do you think this tech will make them the quantum computing leaders?

[@3dVisualist]

Great explanation (and map), thanks! I know I'm missing a lot here but I don't quite see the advantage of these Qubits. The way you have explained it, they still have only two states - even electron number = zero, odd electron number = one? How does this differ from traditional 0/1 digital binary bits?

[@mark0032]

"We might be able to do it if we use a majorana particle" "Can't theyre theoretical" "Oh ya, what if......" And the guy is a genius.

[@shpalman7]

the community is still far from convinced that majorana modes have been demonstrated here and the peer review of the cited Phys Rev B was somewhat controversial

[@LoneCoast]

Cant wait to play vanilla Minecraft with it.

[@vinniepeterss]

love it

[@riddhivekariya9086]

Please make a map of data science

[@jegrphy7610]

Hello 👋 Can you tell us which software you use to crate these maps? Thanks in advance

[@justincloudy]

So, electrons odd or even for 2 of the possible states of a qubit, and the 'read-out' doesn't destroy the quantum information? Or it's necessary that the quant info is sent to both ends of the nanowire to not de cohere that info, or is it only to protect against noise? So, they will have another topology for the other states a qubit can be in, and then the combination of the two will work together?

[@HugeRademaker]

Surely there will be a Start-button.

[@obnoxious_efe420]

This guy: makes a video Leaves for a long time Comes back Refuses to elaborate further

[@bijoychandraroy]

we are in the inflection point of history

[@user-qq3xs9hb5w]

Can you make a video about evolution of human and animals ❤❤❤❤

[@4115steve]

the quasi particle sounds like the particles are self healing with a common attraction different from what disturbs the state. I imagine a fabric that holds state and heals when something passes though

[@mikmop]

Q) Why did the chicken cross the Mobius strip? 🐔 A) To get to the same side 🥁

[@vivaldiantonio2059]

Can you make road map about military science plzzz

[@nunya___]

7:45 Atom Computing is listed twice.

[@garretthiggins2152]

So the superposition we are taking advantage of is the number of electrons in the wire?