The Scythians: Nomad Warriors of the Steppe | Barry Cunliffe | Talks at Google

Sir Barry Cunliffe has been Professor of European Archaeology at the University of Oxford for 35 years and is Fellow of the British Academy. In this talk, he discusses his new book "The Scythians: Nomad Warriors of the Steppe", a masterful reconstruction of the lost world of The Scythians, who were brilliant horsemen and great fighters ranging wide across the Asian steppe during the first millennium BC.
Get the book here: goo.gle/2rZcAHA.

[@Svoboba]

Hello I’m Ossetian , my brothers Tajiks Iranians , Afghans love you

[@dysprosiumdead5078]

love u too.

[@grovermartin6874]

Professor Cunliffe deserved better videography than this. He obviously came well prepared with slides and maps that we did not get to share. What a loss.

[@stepchicken3238]

It seems that a lot of universities employ untrained amateurs to operate the camera.

[@balazskiss985]

scythian=gitanne= nomad gypsie = innerbreed albino dravidans

[@jbyrd655]

Caerainly 'unwatchable', though worth a good listen...

[@A.H-S]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/qIKaepSVgZuVnc0. this is a much better version.

[@Anon1gh3]

Yeah, this ancient society isn't woke enough, so it's completely expendable. 🙄

[@sudhakarreddy1453]

That was a fascinating talk about a warrior nomadic group without making them heroes or villains -- that is how one should present past history

[@janemoody5169]

Whoever filmed this did Professor Cunliffe a huge disservice by not showing the screen. This is SO frustrating! We cannot see what he is describing! How did they allow such a bad cameraman to film this?

[@craignunnallypurcell]

Yeah I turned it off

[@perrywidhalm114]

Google employees couldn't figure it out ....

[@deedeequast9148]

Wonderful lecture by Professor Cunliffe, but I would have preferred seeing closeups of the slides in aid of his explanations.

[@brendanmccann5695]

Agreed! Videographer is so unprofessional. Hey, Video People, rule # 1 is Think about your audience & why they're there. It's certainly not to see the speakers face when he's showing wonderful maps & pictures.

[@HuhHa-pm8fc]

Agree, I hate cameramans and video editors, they are the lowest form of all the sentient beings that roam through earth, may the Scytians scalp their heads and sew carpets with them as they are not even worth for a proper cloak.

[@R-Flowerish]

I came down to the comments to say what everyone appears to have already said so much better already. He's pointing at the screen but the person filming continues to focus on the speaker, so frustrating! Professor Cunliffe did an amazing job presenting this history in an engaging and informative way, he deserves better filming.

[@TheFman2010]

To the video editor: please focus more on the visual aids, instead of the speaker. This would improve the communication of ideas of the talk. The viewers do not need to see him talking.

[@RockStarholic]

100% agree... we're here for what the speaker is talking about and what the speaker is talking about is up on the screen.

[@trailtrs1]

Very true. Though the speaker is a fascinating fellow

[@antonomaseapophasis5142]

I fell into this, as one does on the internet. A magic moment. From the evocation of the steppes, to the rituals at Persepolis, to the dedication of Soviet archaeologists, to the comparison to his daughter’s tattoos, to compound bows, magnificent

[@devinslurry365]

Read ezra: www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20Esdras%209&version=NRSV

[@iBlagg8]

If you enjoyed this he only taps lightly on the subject. As one can in an hour long video. Herodotus the histories has some amazing accounts of the scythian people.

[@iBlagg8]

@@devinslurry365 please, how is that link pertinent to the OP?

[@devinslurry365]

@@iBlagg8 Scientists do not believe in God.

[@devinslurry365]

@@iBlagg8 More people should read Herodotus. Its why 109. 1009.

[@johndewey6358]

On Saka (Scythian) language and script: Their written script was Runic. They took Runic letters to their Germanic cousins in Germany and Scandinavia A part of the population that remained on the Mongolian steppes took he Runic alphabet to he Chinese and started writing it vertically! The Saka language is Indo-Iranian. Today you can hear their language in Ossetia, Alania and Nalchi. You can see how the Runic characters are understood and even used today as symbols of many things. Each letter's sound has meanings in Ossetian. Unfortunately, we do not have enough Western scholars for these areas. As usual most Western scholars are stuck in their Greek centric interpretation of the world as that is what they have been taught.

[@eho6380]

The Scythians didn't have a script and they barely made contact with Germanic tribes.

[@XyzXyz-ir2gr]

They were iranic not indo iranian

[@johndewey6358]

@@XyzXyz-ir2gr Please educate me on the difference.

[@XyzXyz-ir2gr]

@@johndewey6358 bro they were associated with eastern iranian languges ( indo iranian and iranian arent same)+ thats not also clear coz we dont have textual evidence for their languges also their genetic profile is different from iranians there is a lot of controversy due to lack of evidences but mostly people agree with them being eastern iranian like ossetian (even tho gentics doesnt agree). Dont confuse scthians with indo scthian they were those groups of saka who invaded india and dissolved into indian culture. So calling them indo iranian is not correct more appropriate will be iranic

[@johndewey6358]

@@XyzXyz-ir2gr Thank you. Do you have any online resources that specifically identifies the genetic profile of each group you named. I believe the idea of Indo- Iranian" languages or races are all a mistake when the linguists starting to use this incorrect term. The original population of various groups of Iranians are Yamnaya people, if you trace them that way you can see the geographic distribution of Yamnaya going east starting from where today is east Germany. Iranians migrated to the current Iranian geography approx 4000BC. On Persepolis reliefs you can clearly see Scythians from 2500 years ago.... I think the indo prefix is not used by German linguists.

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Türks nomads Contemporary descendants of western Scythian groups are found among various groups in the Caucasus and Central Asia, while similarities to eastern Scythian are found to be more widespread, but almost exclusively among Turkic language speaking (formerly) nomadic groups, particularly from the Kipchak branch of Turkic languages (Supplementary Note 1). Unterländer, M., Palstra, F., Lazaridis, I. et al.Ancestry and demography and descendants of Iron Age nomads of the Eurasian Steppe. Nat Commun 8, 14615 (2017). We observed particularly high similarity between the Tagar and Classic Scythians from the North Pontic region. In a comparison of our Tagar series with modern populations in Eurasia, we detected similarity between the Tagar group and some modern Turkic-speaking populations (with the exception of the Indo-Iranian Tajik population) (Fig 7; S2 Table). Among the modern Turkic-speaking groups, populations from the western part of the Eurasian steppe belt, such as Bashkirs from the Volga-Ural region and Siberian Tatars from the West Siberian forest-steppe zone, were more similar to the Tagar group than modern Turkic-speaking populations of the Altay-Sayan mountain system (including the Khakassians from the Minusinsk basin) (Fig 7). Based on our results, we can preliminarily conclude that there was genetic continuity, at least partially, between the Early, the Middle and the Late Tagar populations. We did not find evidence of extensive gene exchange between the Tagar population and any genetically distinct (with respect to the mtDNA pool) human groups. Maternal genetic features of the Iron Age Tagar population from Southern Siberia (1st millennium BC) Pilipenko AS, Trapezov RO, Cherdantsev SV, Babenko VN, Nesterova MS, et al. (2018)Maternal genetic features of the Iron Age Tagar population from Southern Siberia (1st millennium BC). PLOS ONE 13(9): e0204062. Arzhan-2, the archaeological site of world significance, a national treasure of peoples of Tuva and Russia, located in the «Valley of Kings» (Piy-Khemsk District, Tyva Republic), was investigated in 2001-2004 by the Central Asian Archaeological Expedition of the State Hermitage Museum headed by K.V. Chugunov. The sites has been dated to the 7th c. BC and attributed to the Scythian-Siberian cultural community. When exploring the «royal» burial of the early Scythian site of Arzhan-2, the scientists faced the questions of the origin of the buried, periodization and chronology of the monument, its archaeological-cultural attribution, the autochthonous nature of the population that left it, and its relationship with other Eurasian early nomadic cultures. The present study is addressing the most important issue of the appearance of the buried people and characteristics of their anthropological type. The material for the study was comprised of male and female skulls from burial 5 of Arzhan-2 mound. The article describes in detail the process of reconstruction of the physical appearance of the deceased and provides examples of calculating ante mortem parameters based on craniometric measurements. The complex stages of preliminary work related to the restoration of skulls and manufacturing of their exact copies are highlighted. The results of the physical appearance reconstruction are presented in the form of visual museum objects - sculptural portraits. The scientific reconstruction of the ante mortem appearance on skulls of the «king» and «queen» was carried out in the Laboratory of Anthropological Reconstruction of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences by anthropologists Drs E.V. Veselovskaya and R.M. Galeev. In anthropological terms, the buried show a peculiar mosaic of Caucasoid and Mongoloid features. They are characterized by brachycephaly and dome-shaped head, with notably developed rugosity of the supercilium in the man and its absence in the woman. For the man, an average width of the face and a narrow forehead of medium height are noted. The woman has broad face and forehead, the height of the forehead is average. Both portraits are characterized by prominent position of eyeballs and large eyes. Man’s nose is short, prominent, with convex dorsum. Woman’s nose has a wavy dorsum, and is slightly prominent. On the male portrait, the cheekbones are moderate, on the female one - high and prominent. Faces of the «royal» persons are flattened in the upper part, with a certain degree of alveolar prognathism. The lower jaw of the man is medium in size, narrow in the corners. For the woman, some gracility of the lower jaw can be noted. Veselovskaya, E.V. & Galeev, Ravil. (2020). Anthropological reconstruction of the physical appearance of the «king» and «queen» from the early Scythian burial and memorial complex of Arzhan-2. VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII. 112-122. 10.20874/2071-0437-2020-49-2-10. Early physical analyses have unanimously concluded that the Saka, even those far to the east (e.g. the Pazyryk region), possessed predominantly "Europid" features, although mixed 'Euro-mongoloid" phenotypes also occur, depending on site and period. Сергей Иванович Руденко (Sergei I. Rudenko) (1970). Frozen Tombs of Siberia: The Pazyryk Burials of Iron Age Horsemen. University of California Press. pp. 45-46. ISBN 978-0-520-01395-7. Archived from the original on 2017-03-27. Retrieved 2016-09-25. The Scythians feature in the treatise as an evocative umbrella for Russia’s Turkic neighbours, one of the Asiatic hordes against which the now self-avowedly Western empire struggled to carry out its civilizing mission. Meyer, C. (2020). From Scythian Ethnography to Aryan Christianity: Herodotean Revolutions on the Eve of the Russian Revolution. In T. Harrison & J. Skinner (Eds.), Herodotus in the Long Nineteenth Century (pp. 200-223). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108562805.009 Another study by the same team, again of mtDNA from two Scytho-Siberian skeletons found in the Altai Republic, showed that they had been typical males "of mixed Euro-Mongoloid origin". One of the individuals was found to carry the F2a maternal lineage, and the other the D lineage, both of which are characteristic of East Eurasian populations.

[@S1dz]

You can't feel proud with the propaganda of pan-Turkism and illusory nationalism, stupid Turk😂

[@afsaynag2338]

Hello my name is Sarmat, I am from Ossetia

[@eos1205]

Whoa! One day I would like to see your homeland and her glorious people. Respects from Slovenia!

[@demiloli8613]

@kret akont then where real Scythians lives in?

[@afsaynag2338]

@@eos1205 ❤ thank you

[@afsaynag2338]

@@demiloli8613 👍🏻,

[@bnusabeel]

@Codex Cumanicus no way, their haplogroup is predominately G, which is Iranian

[@sanmigueltv]

Great way to spend my morning, thank you for this video everyone involved.

[@dteun]

Sunday morning 👍🏻greetings from Sweden

[@garyhighley9022]

Theres a feeling i get, when i look to the west, and my spirit is crying for leaving.

[@trailtrs1]

Very good lecture. Fantastic filling of the gaps of history.

[@rockey13gt]

Living as an equestrian nomadic warrior on the Euroasian steppe seems to have been the live back then.

[@beingheardmedia6339]

Only if you were a man. UPDATE: never mind. Looks like the women got to fight like the men. Yeesh. Other women would have enjoyed it. I on the other hand would have been in the back making sandwiches, lol.

[@skipmullen7047]

So throughly enjoyed this. Thank you.

[@paularizer]

Such a good talk.

[@flibbertygibbet]

I'm so happy to have found this and I love the subject but I wish whoever was filming this and the person editing this would have put the maps and illustrations in as an insert. The ones that were chosen to show I wanted full screen. As someone struggling with poor vision I really would have liked to see them in greater detail and even the maps shown were hard to see in full screen due to the wide black frame around them.

[@thecrimsondragon9744]

At around 15:15, he mentions Persepolis as the 'Turkish Capital'. I'm assuming that's a mistake and he meant the Persian Capital.

[@EasternOrthodox101]

🤺☦🇷🇺Scythians (Ashkenaz = haplogroup R1a-m420 subclades) were NOT of the Iranian/Aryan race (Madai = haplogroups R1a-z93, R2 subclades), but were the ancestors of us Slavs. Yes, as Japhetic peoples (European race) we are related, as brother races, but we are still very distinct races

[@Mokh7777]

@@EasternOrthodox101 Slavs didn't even exist back then. They are Iranian, and part of the Iranian family.

[@EasternOrthodox101]

@@Mokh7777 Wrong dude, we Slavs existed only not by that name- that is the point. We existed as Scythians which later evolved into Slavs. The term Iranian became an umbrella term for different peoples with different origins just by geographical terms and some linguistic similarities, but it is a false use - I am talking about the original Iranian/Aryan race (Madai/Medes) which is defined ONLY by subclades of haplogroups R1a-z93 and R2 - not our Scythian dna. We are only related as brother races of the European race (Japhetics)

[@Mokh7777]

@@EasternOrthodox101 sorry but no part of what you wrote is factually or historically correct. We’re not talking about pseudohistory. There were no Slavs back then, and Scythians are Iranian. No historian or academic or archeologist denies Iranians inhabited these regions for millennia, way before Slavic arrival.

[@EasternOrthodox101]

@@Mokh7777 Don't call my true history pseudo history, because all you copy like a parrot from your nerdy professors is the only thing pseudo around here - do I make myself clear, faceless bot? Good👍And I suggest you learn how to read - I said Scythians evolved to Slavs (Sclaveni), and I don't care about your geographical-linguistic terms, just like the modern term Cushitic is applied today for people who are mostly not even Cushites. No, I am talking about genetics and I am an expert about the origins of nations and peoples, unlike you who just copy the same modern popular cliches on Wikipedia, but knows nothing really lol. Don't tell us Slavs who are our ancestors, you ignorant Americans who constantly try to hijack others' cultures and invent childish theories lol You got a lot to learn, so if you want to know about other peoples, I'll be glad to educate you, so keep quiet while I am educating you...

[@email5for6casey]

Gonna get your book soon sir!

[@currentlyknown8164]

Thank you so much kind Sir. To know the truth. Indeed. I love the British science museum

[@miklosdavid7627]

When the speaker explains there was a climate change that affected the nomads' life style and favoured a more predatory adventurous attitude over the ordinary simple pastoral life style and that made the young blood boil, I realised Barry Cuncliffe is a no ordinary researcher scientist. He has insight, wisdom and empathy without which you can't get very far. He claims that now archeological findings produce signs of more aggression over the 100-150 years in the mentioned era and I can believe that.

[@AbuSous2000PR]

empathy is the key... the professor was keen not to judge them based on today's morality... which is THE key to understanding and judging history judging the past from the present is a very tricky subject and must be approached carefully

[@IrinaAlexander1]

Although I greatly respect Prof. Cunliffe, I cannot wrap my head around the fact that he nearly complety omits the language part of the Scythians, as this is a crucial part of their history.

[@user-ie4lu2db5j]

The Scythian language has not disappeared, it's alive even today but it's not politically convenient to reveal the truth... because that will affect the history of many states/nations nowadays. And the true history will be revealed. Still nobody can hide the truth. It's like light and sooner or later it will break through the darkness.

[@IrinaAlexander1]

@@user-ie4lu2db5j, please enlighten us. I know that in the Caucasus there is a language that comes from Scythian. Where else is it spoken.

[@massmanute]

@@redhazelnut4143 Are you referring to the Jasz people of Hungary? I understand that the Jasz language has become extinct.

[@olorin4317]

The end of the video, the very last question.. he says he's not a linguist. He's focusing mostly on physical archeological evidence here.

[@IrinaAlexander1]

@@olorin4317, you are right. But as an archeologist, it is still possible to briefly touch upon the subject. The writer of 'the horse, the wheel and language', David W. Anthony is also not a linguist.

[@perrywidhalm114]

Excellent presentation. Thank you!

[@massmanute]

Fascinating presentation.

[@hamidrezaamini8626]

Persepolis is in Iran. It was a Persian capital.

[@EasternOrthodox101]

🤺☦🇷🇺Scythians (Ashkenaz = haplogroup R1a-m420 subclades) were NOT of the Iranian/Aryan race (Madai = haplogroups R1a-z93, R2 subclades), but were the ancestors of us Slavs. Yes, as Japhetic peoples (European race) we are related, as brother races, but we are still very distinct races

[@EasternOrthodox101]

@@Janemas I don't mean ethnic groups, and fyi ethnic groups could include different racial origins, since culture and linguistics doesn't necessarily equal to race, so that is why I choose this term, but please, stop playing with semantics and try to be wiseguys, ok? I am so tired of it...for the millionth time: you can call it groups, races, sub-races...whatever, who tf cares?? Bottom line is that I refer to the defining dominant y-dna paternal lineage of a people, and that is what suppose to determine their racial and yes, ethnic identity. The names I mentioned are the original genetic homogeneous groups who created those cultures and ethnic identities in the 1st place, before they became cultural-linguistic umbrella terms besides genetics

[@Manuka-px2pe]

İn your dreams

[@danielholman7225]

Lots of people haven’t heard of the Scythian that is because they were an early nomadic horse and wagon culture. They were before Alexander the Great. The early Greeks knew about them.

[@lindafoxx2033]

Battle of Jaxartes , he fought them.

[@historyoftheworldpodcast5234]

Thank you!!!

[@rogerlucy8817]

Re Language its generally accepted that the Scythians, Sarmatians, Saka (written documents of which have been found in east Turkestan) and their Ossetian descendants spoke dialects of an east Iranian language.

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

Sakas used Sogdian language

[@billpay3672]

The drying and disappearance of very important vedic river named Sarasvati (the Croatian word for Croatia - Hrvatska is very likely derived from Sarasvati as S is pronounced as H in Persia and as Indo European people moved westward, some very important words went with them and stayed alive in slightly changed form) around 1800 BC led many ancient vedic populations to migrate. Linguists, archeologists and geneticists can definitely unravel many mysteries of the common past of todays people, from NW India to eastern Europe and beyond.

[@tomislavglavas2180]

In Croatia we have a verb for "roaming around" - skitati, as in, the same root word we use for the roaming Scythians.

[@Aryaveer_jadli]

true the aryas from vedic age migrated westwards. its also mentioned in many vedic literature.

[@kimberlyperrotis8962]

Russian scientists did a lot of wonderful archaeological studies in the Soviet era that we are only now gradually getting to see, as they are translated and shared with the western world.

[@user-kv6tq9rq3r]

Soviet studies on anthropology and archeology have been published since the 1960s, they have been openly translated into different languages, it’s just that no one is interested

[@user-gw5xi3pc2v]

@@user-kv6tq9rq3r Для меня лично все интересно. Если для меня раньше было все далеко, то теперь очень близко Особенно когда все переводишь с осетинского языка, и Авеста. Многие не понимают почему у Богини АстАрты рога? Почему в историчесих фильмах с железными рогами. Это не демоны какие то. Например Турция раньше была Галлатия. Галлы, Келты Скифы Гелы, Гелаты, Гилян На осетинском языке Гал бык А в Авесте у Ахура Мазды бык и сабака священные животные Например как в СакаСене Камбисена и Камбис. Камбеш буйвол на осетинском Богиня АстАрта с рогами Аст на осетинском восемь, Арт огонь. Огнепоклонники АртаВазд, АртаШес, АртаШесиды, АртаКсеркс, Арсания, АртаБан АстАрта на осетинском восемь Огня. А у звезды АстАрта восьмиконечная звезда, Аст Арты На головном уборе АртаВазда звезда АстАрты Дочь Ахура Мазды Богиня Аша, Арта. Арт на осетинском огонь. Богиня Арти. . Богиня Аша, тоже с рогами. У Ахура Мазды сын солнечный Бог Митро. У Бога Митро всегда в руках бык А у Ахура Мазды бык священное животное. Бык в геральдике? МитриДат на осетинском Митр датт означает Дарованный Митрой. В Иберии культ быка утвердил МитриДат

[@user-gw5xi3pc2v]

Костюм Галлов?С рогами. Гал бык на осетинском

[@user-kv6tq9rq3r]

@@user-gw5xi3pc2v ты несешь поток бреда турция никогда не была галатией, это просто одна из областей где в малой азии поселились кельты и исторические фильмы таковыми не являются причем тут вобще осетины ? они не иранцы просто их давно завоевало одно из сарматских племен

[@user-gw5xi3pc2v]

@@user-kv6tq9rq3r А ты набери и посмотри??? ГАЛЛАТИЯ? ГАЛЛЫ, КЕЛТЫ? СКИФЫ ГЕЛЫ, КОСТЮМ ГАЛЛОВ? С РОГАМИ Шлемы железные с рогами Костюм Бургундский с рогами Дочь Ахура Мазды Богиня Аша, Арта с рогами Богиня АстАрта с рогами В Авесте священные животные Ахура Мазды ? Сын Ахура Мазды Бог Митро с быком Посмотрите все это? Гал на осетинском бык Скифы Тура в Туране . Тура дикая сабака у Южных осетин Крылатая сабака Сэнмурв и Симург посмотрите? Симаргл посмотрите? Скифы Гелы, Гелаты, Гилян Гал бык на осетинском Персидский крылатый бык посмотрите? Священные животные в Авесте бык и сабака Все можете посмотреть по отдельности Посмотрите Богиню АстАрта? С рогами. На осетинском Аст 8 Арт огонь🔥 Теперь посмотрите на звезду АстАрты? Восьмиконечная

[@Alprtngakrc]

Wine vessel he mentions was existing in Kok Turks and it was called "ant canagi" (vow bowl) they were using this bowl while vowing. The ones who vow to do something were pouring wine and a couple of drops of their own blood to the bowl and they were drinking it to officialize their vows. In Turkish the epression to swear oath is still "ant içmek" which literally means to drink wow.

[@mrroyale5688]

Some unique archaeological parallels between Hungarians and Scythians: a lily-horned deer in Hungarian folk art and an Asian Scythian tattoo. A Scythian golden deer discovered in Hungary depicts an antlered deer burning with fire. The legend of the miraculous burning horned stag of the Hungarian King St. Lazlo in the 14th century Hungarian Pictorial Chronicle. Tree of Life and stag together in Hungarian folk art and in a Sarmatian headdress. The two-headed Turul (mythical eagle) in the Asian Scythian and the Hungarian "Séchi" family coat of arms, and the same in the Hungarian Reformed coffered ceilings.

[@user-gw5xi3pc2v]

Sake osetiinski 🦌 Turkye Galatia . Gal osetiinski bik 🐂 Bogini AstArta 🐂 Ast 8 Arta is🔥🔥🔥 Zvezda ⭐ AstArta. AstArta 🐂 Avesta, Ahura Mazda, Bogini Arti 🐂 Bog Mitro 🐂

[@jtellehman2561]

I remember somewhere- it mat be Herodotus or another Greek historian-- talking about the Scythians where a noble woman had to have at least one scalp attached to her dress (she'd killed an enemy, herself), but her 'groom' had to have 60 scalps to be 'eligible' to actually marry!

[@lindafoxx2033]

Herodotus was bias.

[@VerbalWarrior162]

Haplogroup U2 was identified in Russia in a 30,000 year old Cro-Magnon. Scholars believe that this group, after migrating north, became the dominant lineage among the foragers who eventually settled in Central Asia and South Asia and became the Indo-Iranian groups. Haplogroup F is an ancestral branch in the Y-DNA tree. It is the parent haplogroup to several other Y-DNA haplogroups, including G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, and T. Haplogroup F represents a deep ancestral lineage. Haplogroup IJ originated on the Iranian platue 49 000 - 44 000 years ago. Haplogroup IJ became Haplogroup J in West Asia and Haplogroup I in Europe. R1b is Indo-European. the oldest R1b subplate was found on the Iranian plateau. R1a is believed to have been the dominant haplogroup among the northern and eastern Proto-Indo-European tribes, which evolved into the Indo-Iranian, Thracian, Baltic and Slavic peoples. The Proto-Indo-Europeans originated with the Yamna culture people (3300-2500 BC). and migrated to Central Europe and created the Corded Ware culture. The ancient Iranian peoples include the Alans, the Bactrians, the Dahae, the Khwarazmians, the Massagetae, the Medes, the Parthians, the Persians, the Sagartians, the Sakas, the Sarmatians, the Scythians, the Sogdians, and the Cimmerians, among other Iranian-speaking peoples of West Asia, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and the Eastern Steppe. Fatyanova are the ancient Iranians before they split from the Kurgan tribes, they migrated and many of their descendants migrated to other regions and became Abashevo, Sintashta, Androvnova, Srubnaya. The Sintashta and Andronovo are clearly Indo-Iranians. The Fatyanovo and Abashevo can be regarded as proto-Indo-Iranians.

[@terrayjos]

It is soooo frustrating that I can not see the slides that are being presented. This happens so often with these video lectures. I do not need to see the speakers face all the time!!! Please, videographers, learn your craft! Try watching what your doing.

[@susanbergen4502]

Excellent, so interesting. Thank You Professor Cunliffe.

[@KipIngram]

Fantastic presentation!

[@chefsanders9151]

LOVE the lecture HATE the camera work. I actually had to take screenshots and look at those as the Professor talked.

[@178666nervous]

very interesting introduction to Scythian culture in very pleasant to hear English. shame it's so poorly filmed. When I'm not there, I want to see the slides while listening to the lecture. I don't need to actually see the lecturer.

[@Sinsteel]

I string my long bow exactly like that Scythian shown did, except on my ankle rather than thigh because they used short horse bows.

[@vaststeppemongolia9046]

He is talking exactly. It matches Mongolian history and Archaeology. Mongolians are good at horse still now. This tradition is in our blood, Przewalski horse is still in Mongolia. Our ancestors created a seasonally moving culture, domesticated animal. It is why still now we move seasonally and preserve nature wild in order to inherit to our continuous descendent. Because ancestors knew that hunting is destroyed the natural balance and extinct animals. They consumed all mammoth from the world. So they started to domesticate animals. The culture is created from the learned, observed their own mistakes. To prevent the next generation from repeat their mistake again. They knew the natural resources are limited. So not hunt and eat all of them, instead domesticate them. Horse, cattle, goat, sheep and camel are very appropriate and survival animals in this dry, cold steppe. It is why those 5 animals are our main symbolic animals. We also have the Gobi desert. In Mongolian tradition, life meaning is to inherit your life - your Gemon. So to they respect nature and animals in order to transfer nature to their kid live happily in the our mother earth. It is a life cycle that person die and kid lives for thousands of years.

[@dmitrypyatigorets5800]

There is absolutely no evidence od this. Weapons, burials, documents, books where are they? Resources and evidence of any technology is also absent in Mongolia

[@user-iz8bu2bh8k]

Mongolian was inhabited by the Turkic tribes before the modern mongolians or actually the halkhas invaded it. The Hakhas come from forests...

[@enkhzayazundui1063]

@@dmitrypyatigorets5800 we the Mongols are the living evidence. What else you need? People can write things, it can be decisive also you can loose it along the way. But Mongols and our ancestors pass our history and tradition orally, told from generation to generation.

[@enkhzayazundui1063]

@@user-iz8bu2bh8k what kind of Turcik tribes were they? How they looked like?be more specific will you? You seem know a lot.

[@dickdrapper5491]

@@enkhzayazundui1063 He is saying that you, modern Mongolians, are not necessarily genetically the same people that lived where you live in 1000BC. Populations move and migrate. No doubt Mongolians are one of the great horse steppe cultures to have existed but genetically they are most likely not descendants of Scythians (ie. they did not look the same)

[@paulmcristea1824]

There is mention of the HUNS a couple times! But not mention about THRACO/ GETO/ DACIANS who play a fantastic rol on interaction with Greek world. Greek civilization was built upon Thracian civilization. It is in written ancient sorces and archeological finds.

[@mrroyale5688]

Scythian, Pazyryk: kzbin.info/www/bejne/amGue4Frh5d4eMU time: 0:03 Avars: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jqCydYKrfdF0rq8 time: 0:06 Next film has more. kzbin.info/www/bejne/nJXZd5mHm7OXpbs Xiongnu, Noin-Ula, time 21:35 Székesfehérvérvár, church, Middle Ages: time: 22:24 (in stock in museum!) Hungarian Reformed Church: time: 24:30 Hungarian folk art: kzbin.info/www/bejne/oqfYhn-DdpaEnas time: 2:11:31

[@jasen636]

For anyone interested: at 25:10, when the subtitles showed "INAUDIBLE", the name is Kul-Oba (archaeological site).

[@eugenem4854]

Read about Scythians in The Melpomene of Herodutus.

[@SisyphusJP]

Or listen to it if you have audible. If I were being honest many of the stories told in the histories seems to Oral tradition and work well in that medium.

[@veritasintegrity5054]

The whole reason why many historians consider Scythians iranic, just because a Soviet historian Abayev of iranic Osetian origin noticed that there were couple words that may sound similar to Ossetian... Honestly it is nothing but preposterous :) I like the way professor Cunliffe doesn't want to directly answer of whether they were iranic, slavic, ugoric, turkic or something else, but rather says they might have been combinations of many different people. I personally completely don't believe there had anything to do with iranic people, Herodotus had the chance to encounter Persians and if there were any resemblance to persian language he would have mentioned that.

[@veritasintegrity5054]

Btw it is proven that north Caucasian Balkars are genetically much more related to Alans, than Ossetians

[@AEfsaenti]

but you are not easily deceived)) unlike the scientific world))

[@LionKing-ew9rm]

Of course, cause those languages drifted away at least half a millennium before Herofotus. That would explain the lack of similarity between the two, especially since they weren't in touch.

[@veritasintegrity5054]

@@LionKing-ew9rm what are you talking about :))) Scythians and Persians constantly interacted and even fought each other, according to one theory persian King Cyrus the great was even killed by Scythian queen...

[@AEfsaenti]

@@veritasintegrity5054 Abaev drew his conclusions even then, when they were not in fashion, not Scythians, not Sarmatians, not Alans)) And then, on the basis of his research, other people in the Caucasus began to choke envy and this led to the start of fantastic stories))

[@wilkystaveras6129]

Wow this was great

[@Alakhana]

James Tod[25] writes that the tribes here alluded to are the Haihaya or Aswa, the Takshak, and the Jat or Getae; the similitude of whose theogony, names in their early genealogies, and many other points, with the Chinese, Tatar, Mogul, Hindu, and Scythic races, would appear to warrant the assertion of one common origin. Professor B. S. Dhillon states that the Jats are mainly of Indo-Scythian lineage with composite mixing of Sarmatians, Goths & Jutes in History and study of the Jats.[26] Historian James Tod agreed in considering the Jats to be of Indo-Scythian Stock.[27] Moreover, Sir Alexander Cunningham, Former Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, considered the Jats to be the Xanthii (a Scythian tribe) of Scythian stock who he considered very likely called the Zaths (Jats) of early Arab writers.[28] He stated "their name is found in Northern India from the beginning of the Christian era." These people were considered by early Arab writers to have descended from Meds and Zaths.[29][30] Sir Cunningham believed that they "were in full possession of the valley of the Indus towards the end of the seventh century.[31] Stephen Fuchs suggests that the Jats probably migrated from Central Asia to India as a "predatory nomadic tribe".[32] Natalya Romanovna Guseva considered the Jats to be the descendants of the Sakas.[33] It has also been suggested that "the Rajputs proper were of mixed origin - pre-Muslim invaders such as Scythians, Bactrians, Parthians, Hunas and Gurjaras who came in before, say, the end of the 7th century."[34] Sir Alexander Cunningham, (Former Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India) wrote: The Xanthii (a Scythian tribe) are very probably the Zaths (Jats) of the early Arab writers. As the Zaths were in Sindh to the west of the Indus, this location agrees very well with what we know of the settlement of the Sakas (Scythians) on the Indian frontier.[35] Sir John Marshall, (Former Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India) wrote: "These Scythian invaders came principally from the three great tribes of Massagetae (great Jats), Sacaraucae, and Dahae (still exists as a Jat clan of Punjab)[36], whose home at the beginning of the second century B.C. was in the country between the Caspian sea (sea) and the Jaxartes river (Central Asia).[37] Arthur Edward Barstow wrote: "Greeks of Bactria (partly modern Afghanistan), expelled by the hordes of Scythians, entered India in the second and first centuries BC and are said to have penetrated as far as Orissa (an Indian province in south-east). Meanwhile the Medii, Xanthii, Jatii, Getae and other Scythian races, were gradually working their way from the banks of the Oxus (River valley in Central Asia) into Southern Afghanistan and the pastoral highland about Quetta (a Pakistani city), whence they forced their way by the Bolan Pass, through the Sulaiman Mountains into India, settling in the Punjab about the beginning of the first century AD. It is from these Scythian immigrants that most of the Jat tribes are at any rate partly descended."[38] A. H. Bingley wrote: "It is from these Scythian Immigrants that most of the Jat tribes are at any rate partly descended."[39] Professor Joyce Pettigrew wrote: "Another view holds that the Jats came from Asia Minor and Armenia in the successive invasions during the period 600 B.C. to A.D. 600."[40] Professor Henry Smith Williams wrote: "The extent of the Scythian invasion has been variously estimated. Some scholars believe that they virtually supplanted the previous population of India (means Punjab), and there seems little doubt that by far the most numerous section of the Punjab population is of Scythian origin."[41] Professor Pritam Singh Gill wrote: "There is a general concensus of opinion that Jats, and with them Rajputs and Gujjars were foreigners who came from their original home, near the Oxus, Central Asia."[42] Professor Tadeusz Sulimirski wrote: "The evidence of both the ancient authors and the archaeological remains point to a massive migration of Sacian (Sakas)/Massagetan ("great" Jat) tribes from the Syr Daria Delta (Central Asia) by the middle of the second century B.C. Some of the Syr Darian tribes; they also invaded North India."[43] Horace Arthur Rose wrote: "Many of the Jat tribes of the Punjab have customs which apparently point to non-Aryan origin. Suffice it to say that both Sir Alexander Cunningham and Colonel Tod agreed in considering the Jats to be of Indo-Scythian Stock. The former identified them with the Zanthi of Strabo (Greek Geographer of the ancient times) and the Jatii of Pliny (Roman writer) and Ptolemy (Another Greek Geographer of the ancient times); and held that they probably entered the Punjab from their home on the Oxus (in Central Asia) very shortly after the Meds or Mands (still exist as one of the Jat clans of the Punjab), who also were Indo-Scythians, and who moved into the Punjab about a century before Christ."[44] Sir Henry Miers Elliot wrote: "These ignorant tribes (Jats) pointing to the remote Ghazni (Afghanistan) as their original seat, the very spot we know to have been occupied by the Yuechi, or, as Klaproth says, more correctly, Yuti, in the first centuries of our era, after the Sakas (a Scythian tribe) were repelled back from the frontiers of India, and left the country between India and Persia open for their occupation. The Jat tribes not doubt emigrated, no at all once, but at different times, and it is probable that those in the North-West are among the latest importations."[45] I. Sara wrote: "Recent excavations in the Ukraine and Crimea. The finds points to the visible links of the Jat and Scythians."[46] Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff wrote: "My conclusion, therefore, is, that the Jats may be of Scythian descent."[47] Ujagir Singh Mahil wrote: "Jat were called Scythians; because they were the inhabitants of the ancient country of Scythia. The Jats who invaded the Punjab and conquered India up to Benares were called Indo-Scythians."[48] James Francis Katherinus Hewitt wrote: "Further evidence both of the early history and origin of the race of Jats, or Getae, is given by the customs and geographical position of another tribe of the same stock, called the Massagetae, or great (massa) Getae."[49] Sir George Fletcher MacMunn (Sir and Lt. General) wrote: "Alexander came to India in his capacity as the holder of the Persian throne. From his camp near Kabul (Afghanistan), the Macedonian (Alexander) summoned those chiefs whom Skylax (Persian general) had conquered in the old time afore, to come and renew their homage to their ancient Persian overlord in the person of himself. Several obeyed his summons, others did not, and it has been surmised that those who did were later arrivals, of Jat or Scythian origin, outside the normal Aryan fold as later comers to India."[50] Syed Muhammad Latif wrote: "A considerable portion of the routed army of the Scythians settled in the Punjab, and a race of them, called Nomardy, inhabited the country on the west bank of the Indus (river). They are described as a nomadic tribe, living in wooden houses, after the old Scythian fashion, and settling where they found sufficient pasturage. A portion of these settlers, the descendants of Massagetae, were called Getes, from whom sprung the modern Jats."[51] Dr. Gopal Singh wrote: "The Jats of the Panjab, are Scythians in origin and came from Central Asia, whose one branch migrated as far south in Europe as Bulgaria. "[52] N. Singh wrote: "The Scythians appear to originate from Central Asia. They reached Punjab between 50 B.C. and A.D. 50. It seems probable that the Scythian ancestors of the Jats entered the Sindh Valley (presently in Pakistan Kashmir) between 100 B.C. and A.D. 100."[53] Satya Shrava wrote: "The Jats are none other than the Massagetae (Great Getae) mentioned in Diodorus as an off-spring of the ancient Saka tribe.... a fact now well-known."[54] Bakhshish Singh Nijjar wrote: "The Jats are the descendants of Scythians, whose kingdom's capital was Scythia, in the present Ukraine (Ukrainian), Soviet Social Republic, is the constituent Republic of the European USSR (Population 49,757,000) in 1947. Now Ukraine's capital is Kiev, the third leading city in Russia. Before the invasion of the golden herd, 13th century B.C. Scythian, ancient kingdom of indeterminate boundaries, centered in the area north of the Black Sea."[55] Rima Hooja suggests that the Jats are "probably descendants of the Scythians who entered India in early historical times".[56]

[@antonomaseapophasis5142]

Alençon, Normandy, France One of the destinations of the Alan’s

[@infinite_days5016]

Antonomase Apophasis Alanquer in Portugal, Catalonia in Spain. Their other destinations.

[@mongolchiuud8931]

The modern day sarmastani people of the sarmastani region of iran and afghanistan. The ossetians, the asud clan of mongolia and the jasz people of hungary. The sakzai/sakazai of afghanistan, abdali tribe of afghanistan(hepthalites)

[@VVfanXXLx3]

Im German and slavic, due to dna deepdive breakdowns i found out that over the whole Iron Era my ancestors are 58% scythians still today my dna is a theird scythian.. the other Parts is Vikings, Franks and Saxons.. ist super intersting to find out

[@sethkinman9597]

So are you a redhead? :D

[@yaxshibala]

Seth Kinman why he should? There were blond, brown, black, red haired Scyths because they mixed up with nearly every ethnicity in their region

[@VVfanXXLx3]

@@sethkinman9597 Golden Blonde :0 so blonde with a lil Bit of red kinda

[@VVfanXXLx3]

@@yaxshibala its funny how there are germanic scythians, east asian and central asian scythians these days cuz the scythians mixed a lot. Im a german slavic scythian lol But read a lot of storys of Persien scythians or turkey ones.. such a mysterious thought haha

[@sethkinman9597]

V. Gol D. Roger The Udmurts who are possibly descended from the Scythian Budini tribe are still arguably the most redheaded people in the world. The point is they lived long enough in seclusion to form a distinct phenotype, much like nations today. Just like some Estonians are brunettes and redheads but the overwhelming majority is still blonde haired today. And Scythia was regarded as the most remote and uncivilized places in known ancient world.

[@alastairbowie]

Cool talk. It is fascinating to me how well those organic artifacts have been preserved.... Thankz for tha upLoad...

[@canersahin]

I am from Turkiye and I can understand why Scythians decided to stay near the Black Sea region just like my ancestors did. The Black Sea region of Turkiye is unbelievably beautiful, with so many mountains covered with endless trees, thousands of deep valleys where there are super clean freshwater streams, endless amount of fresh food from the forest ecosystem. Imagine riding your horse thousands of miles on endless bare flat hills and then suddenly you reach the Black Sea, what a sight that would be and probably a relief.

[@user-gw5xi3pc2v]

Turkye Galatia. Gal osetiinski bik 🐂 Bogini AstArta Ast 8 Arta 🔥 osetinski. Zvezba AstArta.Bogini AstArta 🐂 Avesta Ahura Mazda 🐂

[@VerbalWarrior162]

You are Turkish, you have Mongolids in your gene, they come from Haplogroup C and not F. Haplogroup F is an ancestral branch in the Y-DNA tree. It is the parent haplogroup to several other Y-DNA haplogroups, including G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, and T. Haplogroup F represents a deep ancestral lineage. Haplogroup IJ originated on the Iranian platue 49 000 - 44 000 years ago. Haplogroup IJ became Haplogroup J in West Asia and Haplogroup I in Europe. Haplogroup U2 was identified in Russia in a 30,000 year old Cro-Magnon. Scholars believe that this group, after migrating north, became the dominant lineage among the foragers who eventually settled in Central Asia and South Asia and became the Indo-Iranian groups. R1b is Indo-European. the oldest R1b subplate was found on the Iranian plateau. R1a is believed to have been the dominant haplogroup among the northern and eastern Proto-Indo-European tribes, which evolved into the Indo-Iranian, Thracian, Baltic and Slavic peoples. The Proto-Indo-Europeans originated with the Yamna culture people (3300-2500 BC). and migrated to Central Europe and created the Corded Ware culture. The ancient Iranian peoples include the Alans, the Bactrians, the Dahae, the Khwarazmians, the Massagetae, the Medes, the Parthians, the Persians, the Sagartians, the Sakas, the Sarmatians, the Scythians, the Sogdians, and the Cimmerians, among other Iranian-speaking peoples of West Asia, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and the Eastern Steppe. Fatyanova are the ancient Iranians before they split from the Kurgan tribes, they migrated and many of their descendants migrated to other regions and became Abashevo, Sintashta, Androvnova, Srubnaya. The Sintashta and Andronovo are clearly Indo-Iranians. The Fatyanovo and Abashevo can be regarded as proto-Indo-Iranians.

[@Alex-lt9hl]

What a shame that he felt restricted by the time that he was given. The ultimate hindrance to learning is restrictive time limits

[@jtellehman2561]

His talking about the Russian archaeologist having the artifacts right there, I have other similar stories-- "Oh! You're one of 'us', no problem! Just give me a moment!"- This is exactly the attitude American archaeo-zoologists reported regarding the discovery of the baby mammoth-- the scientific Russian zeal to include others they consider "worthy" is quite immediate and intense! It's not your resources, but "ARE YOU LIKED?", that matters! Harashaw tovarich!

[@vilnaukrana3891]

Yeah, russians by any means will try to re-white the history to include totally different culture into "Scythians' to make it easier to grab the real Schythians artifacts and territories. What a shame that respectful scientists love dirty oil money.

[@krunomrki]

Some Byzantine historian of 11th century wrote that both Croats and Serbs are Scythians in origin, although Croats are through their national name HRVATI (in Croatian language: Hrvati= Croats) related by linguists more with Sarmatians, especially with people of ALANI (branch of Sarmatians). In language of Alani word hurvatu had meaning : keeper, guard ... In second half of 19th century it was found in excavation at location of ancient city of Tanais, near the mouth of river Don into the Sea of Azov, two stone tablets with inscription in classical Greek alphabet. Stone tablets with inscription are dated to cca. year 200AD. Tanais on river Don started as a Greek Colony, but with time the population was half-Greek and half-Sarmatian. Text in tablets is mostly the list of the names of city magistrates who held some duties. The half of names are evidently Greek ones and another half are belonging to some language of Iranian linguistic branch, because in linguistics there is Indo-iranian language subfamily of Indo-European linguistic family. (Ancestors of the peoples who brought Indo-Iranian languages to the territory of modern Iran and to India were in the past living in region around the north of the Caspian Sea; from there they went south to Iran and other branch went to India. These migrations took place somewhere around year 2000-1500 BC. Those people were known in the past, before they split in two branches as Arians (Aryans). For example, Greek historian Herodotus (5th century BC) wrote in his work "Histories apodeksis" (known only as Histories in English) that the Medians were called earlier Arians. (Medians were historic people in western Iran, famous by their horses and cavalry, having an empire during 7th and 6th century, but empire was overtaken by Persians , another Iranian group, cca. 546 BC) . From these same ancient Arians came out the Scythians and Sarmatians which went to the territories west of Caspian sea, that is to the stepp plains of southern Rusia and Ukraina. Already Herodotus (5th century BC) wrote that Sauromates/Sarmates are attacking and pressing in war Scythians more to the west across the river Don (to the Greeks known as Tanais). In those tablets from ancient city of Tanais that I have mentioned earlier among other names is two times written personal name as: Horouathos. Because Greek classical alphabet didn't have a letter for voice /v/ or /w/ they put three vowels "oua" together, what is of course, impossible to pronounce except as: [Horwathos]. If we remove typical Greek ending -os, then we have name Horwat/Horvat what is form of Croatian national name and very common last name in Croatia, Slovenia, Srbia, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia and it is present also in Poland and in Ukraina, even in Russia (especially in region between Caspian sea and the Black sea and down to the Caucasus and in north all the way to the Tatarstan. I have found that today even in Turkic speaking Uzbekistan there is at least 260 individuals bearing this last name. And as I said the name of Croats in Croatian language is: Hrvati and the country is: Hrvatska. It seems that some group of Sarmatians/Alani people under name of Horvate came to central-western Ukraina and there mixed with Slavic population, accepting Slavic language but giving their name to the tribe. As we know from the Chronicle of Nestor from Kiiv, Hrvati were from 8th to 10th century one of eight important tribes in state of Kievska Rus. Croats in Ukraina were living as it seems around the upper Dniester river, south from modern city Loviv (Lawow) and towards Podolia and maybe all the way to the city Zhitomir.From there one part of Croats/Hrvati went west to modern south Poland and to the Czechia. Those Croats from southern Poland, being semi-nomadic horsemen and warriors, as it seems, during the time of power of the state of king Samo in Moravia (modern region Moravia is between Czech and Slovakia) cca. year 630, went to south to Roman province of Dalmatia. We don't know how exactly the rise of king Samo state and arrival of Croats to Dalmatia are connected, but these two events took place in the same time. The story about origin of Croats and how they came to Dalmatia and when is written cca. 950 AD by Byzantine emperor Konstantinos Porphyrogennetos in his work written in Greek language, but known under Latin name as "De administrando imperio" in chapters 30 and 31. According to the emperor Konstantin, Croats (he calls them; Hrovatoi in Greek) came to Dalmatia in the time of emperor Heraklios (610-641) as fighters against Avars. Before their arrival to Dalmatia, according to the emperor Konstantin Porphyrogennetos, Croats were living beyond the Bagibareia, in White or Great Croatia (he megale Hrovatia). They came to Adriatic under leadership of 5 brothers and two sisters: Hrovat, Lovel, Kluk, Muhlo, Kosentzis and Tuga and Buga. After defeating Avars in Dalmatia, seeing that land is beautiful, they took land for them selves and stayed there until today.

[@massmanute]

A lot of Steppe genes in British Isles... That's interesting, because there are were some legends in Scotland that they are descended from the Scythians. I haven't put much stock in that theory, but maybe there is at least a shred of truth to it.

[@justinsmith9135]

More than a shred! Check out their surviving art work done in gold and look at how the depicted themselves. They were all described in the ancient sources as golden head or red headed

[@eho6380]

Bro, everyone in Europe is descended from the Steppe people (not the Scythians though).

[@Speakers154]

Frustrating when the screen is not shown.

[@doraelting1854]

And isn't mention "Declaration of Arbroath" 1283 AD claims that Scots came from Scythia Major!

[@kathrynmarie9083]

The wine vessel reminds me of maybe like, an artesian, ancient people's version of Shutterfly. Hear me out: When they were looking at the part of the embellishments where the friend is like ripping the other friends tooth out or something, it struck me as more of an inside joke. Because the rest of the scenes are so classic their experiences that are shared across humanity, but they're obvious. I see almost an ancient sense of humor here: One friend is commemorating their friendship by chronicling the good, the bad, and the fun in their personal relationship. It reminds me almost like an ancient photo album that's been superimposed on a functional item used here for drinking wine. It's the ancient equivalent of a Cricket machine. 😁 I see this maybe as a souvenir item, that one friend gives to another during a layover in a place where Greek artisans were taking commissions for a maybe more elite, tourist-grade level of work. Idk, it just looks like this isn't necessarily just random pastoral images, there seems to be a distinctly personal nature about it.

[@olahenci]

This is absolutely true. Even in the Bronze Age there are people in helmets with long horns. A man with horns is first found in the Trois-Fréres cave. It is estimated at 15,000-13,000 years before Christ. It is strange that this depiction also appears in Scythian times. Hungarians sing a folk prayer about a boy with horns, while rattling sticks. The Scythian rattling stick ends also sometimes show a deer, sometimes a cattle.

[@user-gw5xi3pc2v]

Gal Osetiinski bik Kambeth 🐃 Gal bik 🐂 Tura 🐕 sabaka Caki 🦌olen Frank 🐆bars

[@user-gw5xi3pc2v]

Gal, 🐂Tura🐕 Ahura Mazda Art 🔥 osetinski ArtaVasd. ArtaKserks, ArtaBan Bogini Atha, Arta Bogini AstArta Gal, bik Ast 8 Arta 🔥 ⭐ AstArta ?

[@user-gw5xi3pc2v]

Turkye Galatia Gal osetiinski bik🐂 Bogini AstArta 🐂. Avesta Ahura Mazda 🐂. Atha Arta 🐂MitriDat 🐂 Ast 8 Arta🔥 Zvezda ⭐AstArta?

[@nnickiboyify]

schytians are eastern iranian and sarmations are northern iranian and origin of slavic people are iranian sarmations both schytian and sarmations are related to each other

[@csabas1971]

Many Hungarian scientists showing the migration from west to east. Only the end of Scytian story the opposite. About 300 the Turks take control of the Ordos area, from North India the Heftalita people was partly move out because of a big civil war, and the same happened in Partia. The Parcy speaker Persians take back the controll from the Skhytian speaker Partians. This 3 population came to west. The Mesopotamian area, and the Karpatian Basin and the Ordos area was so rich in food, and from this 3 center the population was flowing away from the stone age. The Hun/Scythian writing is well known. Just read Mr Geza Varga's blog about it. Surprislly the native americans using the Schityan alphabet. Other strange thing, if you read Herodot, easy to understand how came we have Mars Schytian Temple many in UK. Such as the West Wales area. Looks like a pyramid.

[@torfinnzempel6123]

The current hypothesis behind how the 90% replacement happened is that the yamnaya/proto-Indo European settlers into Europe brought pestes (the Black Death) with them. Couple that with the practice of polygamy and you can get a big replacement of population in a short time. Recent genetic evidence is showing that pestes did arrive in Europe around this time so there is some evidence to back up this hypothesis.

[@grovermartin6874]

An excellent book describing the earlier plague is Justinian's Flea. Another excellent book about the dissemination of yersinia pestis, the plague bacterium, focusing on the second great plague, that later was labelled "the Black Death," is The Great Mortality by John Kelly. I have not found a book describing the last pandemic of plague in southern China and the western US in the late 1890s to early 1900s. [Reading newspaper articles from San Francisco at that time is eye popping. They denied and deceived its existence just as today's politicians do.] Plague is now endemic in the US southwest, Peru, and Madagascar even today.

[@jamesraymond1158]

Like the speaker, I assumed the "c" in Scythians was silent until another video pronounced it as Skythians from the Greek word Skios, so then I assumed the k was correct. Which one is correct?

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

44:48 :)))) thx professor,you are an oxford scythologist and you saying this

[@charleswalker1185]

It has to be affective as well as effective...Sagic...

[@ahmetkaraaslan8429]

@prince naseem -dilleri hakkında konuşabilirmisiniz? -Hayır basit hint avrupa değil biraz komplex. Hiçbir şey yazmadılar (aga yalan, ıssyk kurganını biliyorsundur) yer ismi falan da yok sadece biraz kelime kaldı osetian dilinden. Evet daha fazla konuşamam...

[@sampokhan6067]

I have found you yet again.

[@erfansafaeian8906]

On the question of language, we are not 100% sure which language/s the Scythian spoke, however two groups of Scythians - the Sarmatians and Alans spoke an Indo-European language belonging to the Eastern Iranic language family. As a matter of fact, the Ossetians who live in the Northern Caucasus still speak a variant of this Eastern Iranic language - not mutually intelligible with any of the other Iranic languages, but with many similarities and similar words.

[@erfansafaeian8906]

The Scythians who lived across a vast territory were probably a very heterogenous group of peoples united by a similar culture and probably language. It is likely their language was also an Iranic language and that the original Scythians were an Iranic group of people’s who spread across the steppe and Iranicized other native populations before they themselves eventually became mostly turkicized from the East and slavicized and (at least for some groups) migrated out of the steppe. This all started happening with the advent of the hunnic migrations, followed by Turkic and Slavic migration and expansions.

[@mongolchiuud8931]

See the modern afghan tribes of sakazai(son’s of the saka), abdali(hepthalites),koochi(yuezhi) and sarmastani people(sarmatian). The still use the ancient names unlike the turks:

[@devinslurry365]

The base language is Hebrew. Also known as Phoenician or Irish/Gailic. All the same.

[@devinslurry365]

@@erfansafaeian8906 You have it all backwards. Scythians were the Ukrainians/Slavs/Turks and more.

[@hannibalbarca2928]

@@erfansafaeian8906 It is written by the Byzantine sources that they call the Turks Scythian. When presenting the Gokturk Emperor's letter to the Zemarkos Byzantine Emperor, he said:"Today, the nation we call Turk, formerly called SCYTHİAN. This letter was written with the letters SCYTHİAN." (28) SOURCE = (28) - Edounard Chavannes, Documents sur les Tou-kiue Occidentaux, Paris, sf.235,240,237,238

[@fatseaturtle]

My popcorn is ready!

[@devapala879]

In India too, like in Persia, they were known as the Sakas. I wonder how Indo-European came to be supplanted by Turkic languages among the Eurasian Steppe peoples.

[@billie6399]

they didnt, them being indo european is basically western bs propaganda, these people always spoke an agglunitive language like the proto turks.

[@yerzhansadyrbalin8801]

They were Turkic speaker from begin ning

[@mrz_88]

On behalf of all history buffs, i thank you google and youtube

[@88HaZZarD88]

Awesome. More historians please

[@kimkirby3563]

I am now convinced that the Schythians moved to Scotland and they were who we know as the Picts.

[@user-zw5yb7hd9o]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/gnXadnxmrL-gptE

[@charleswalker1185]

The vase is representative of the sons of Heracles, trying to string his bow, the one who could was the top man, the others are wounded by trying and failing at stringing the bow..his brothers...the lesser rulers...

[@charleswalker1185]

Heracles was the originator of the Scyths...

[@aliengalaxy6096]

According the old chronicles the Hungarians are descendant of the Huns and Scythians. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesta_Hungarorum Anonymus writes of the Hungarians' departure from Scythia. Anonymus states that the Hungarians "chose to seek for themselves the land of Pannonia that they had heard from rumor had been the land of King Attila" whom Anonymus describes as Álmos's forefather. Attila as the first Hungarian king in the Chronicon Pictum: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Attila-ChroniconPictum.jpg Jordanes embellished the report of Priscus, reporting that Attila had possessed the "Holy War Sword of the Scythians", which was given to him by Mars and made him a "prince of the entire world" Priscus was on a diplomatic mission to the court of Attila the Hun. While there, he met and conversed with a Greek merchant, dressed in "Scythian" (or Hunnic) fashion. In 448 or 449 AD, as Priscus recounts "Onegesius along with the eldest of Attila's children, had been sent to the Akateri, a Scythian [Hunnic] people, whom he was bringing into an alliance with Attila" Scythian/Hun/Hungarian "Miraculous Deer" qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-27f804de6ebd5e63bd6c1badb8bd8a27 Saint Jerome called the Huns Scythians and some Huns were Christian: Saint Jerome, Confessor, Doctor of the church (342-420): "The Armenians have laid aside their quivers, the Huns are learning the psalter, the frosts of Scythia are warmed by the fire of faith. The ruddy flaxen-haired Getae carry tent-churches about with their armies; and perhaps the reason why they fight with us on equal terms is that they believe in the same religion." www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/saint-jerome-confessor-doctor-of-the-church-5563 The Sarmatian people were related to the Scythians. Herodotus suggested in the 5th century BC that Sarmatians, were descended from the Scythians. Sarmatians moved west from the Central Asian steppes and into Europe between the 5th and 3rd centuries BC. The Iazyges, certainly the most commonly known tribe to the Romans, settled along the Danube, between Dacia and Pannonia, soon to be in direct conflict with Rome. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammianus_Marcellinus Ammianus Marcellinus write: Constantinus Emperor visited the region (around Titel, today Serbia) to check his army, and many Sarmatians served as mercenary in the Roman army, the Sarmatians wanted his payment, but they did not get. The commanders of the Sarmatian threw his boot to the emperor and said: “marha, marha”. Then the Sarmatians killed the bodyguards of the Emperor. “marha” is a Hungarian word, the Hungarians are using common today this word, it means = “idiot, stupid” in this context dictzone.com/hungarian-english-dictionary/marha books.google.hu/books?id=_HTyVm8VJ-UC&pg=PA248&lpg=PA248&dq=in%2Btribunal%2Bcontorto%2Bmarha%2Bmarha%2Bquod%2Beft%2Bapud%2Beos%2Bfignum&source=bl&ots=svdXTZmk1G&sig=ACfU3U2Fn_CfDy6NkdlENm0PRsRvH4qYEw&hl=hu&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiY2fL_iLnsAhVx-ioKHZ8XBd4Q6AEwBHoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=in%2Btribunal%2Bcontorto%2Bmarha%2Bmarha%2Bquod%2Beft%2Bapud%2Beos%2Bfignum&f=false qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-fe70bca465051d86e0977855fd383982 qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-998397433888ee76d01d425df726ba8e The blood oath: The chiefs of the seven Hungarian tribes formed an alliance by drinking from each other's blood, while choosing Álmos as their leader in the 9th century. encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcS086EpDRzo-WM3fY4fA2_ttDCXGh30jC2zPg&usqp=CAU Blood brotherhood: Among the Scythians, the covenantors would allow their blood to drip into a cup, the blood was mixed with wine and drunk by both participants. lh5.googleusercontent.com/proxy/KrBzXjEUdZ0BpWZc0G9MP5ZwknNehypp2gYcf-FnQbdsOQNiI3BXUxhAAr0UI0nh2BecoVvhrpTFyRErquGIusL0lxfe-RyqKrAkGxYIXjImvePguo-cWx2LihkGUdMrs56lJ-sp-FozeHh0p4KH0ccCHRCt7UCnVrJeDTtf_xeBccAXTPbI en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_de_Thurocz Johannes de Thurocz: “Paulum Orosium et Dionisium Alexandrinum Philosofum supradictos sequi,idque quod Huni sive Hungari primam in Asiatica Scythia natalis soli sedem,habuerint,me referre non pudet.” "The fact that, according to Paulus Orosius and Dionisius, the Huns or Hungarians come from the Asian Scythia is not a shame for me." en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orosius Leo VI The Wise Emperor of Byzantium (886-912) described the Hungarians this way (Book: The Taktika of Leo VI) „The Scythian nations are one, so to speak, in their manner of life and their organization; they have a multitude of rulers, and they have done nothing of value, living for the most parts as nomads. Only the nation of the Bulgarians, and also that of the Turks [Hungarians], give thought to a similar military organization, which makes them stronger than the other Scythian nations as they engage in close combat under one commander.” de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widukind_von_Corvey The Saxon chronicler Widukind von Corvey (925-973) write this about the Hungarians: "Avares autem, ut quidam putant, reliquiae erant Hunorum." "The Avars, as some believe, were the remains of the Huns." "Avares, quos modo Ungarios vocamus" "the Avars, who we now call Hungarians." "De Ungariis, qui et Avares dicuntur." "As for Hungary, who are also called Avars". The DNA of the Hungarian King: (Béla III of Hungary, reign 1172-1196) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Béla_III_of_Hungary Newest DNA analysis from the European Journal of Human Genetics, Published: 07 July 2020 Determination of the phylogenetic origins of the Árpád Dynasty based on Y chromosome sequencing of Béla the Third www.nature.com/articles/s41431-020-0683-z These new tests proof the Scythian-Hun origin of the Arpad dynasty exactly as the old Hungarian chronicles said. DNA of the Hungarian conquerors are Scythian/Hun: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6193700/ ab Ungerorum nos defendas iaculis” "protect us from the arrows of the Hungarians" - Hymn from Modena, around 900 Composite bow: www.turania.hu/catalog/image/cache/catalog/Könyv,%20dv/274809_1452674164.4383-600x800.jpg kzbin.info/www/bejne/eKSToaJ-nsemick kzbin.info/www/bejne/aKrSo3uprM2tqLc mytrueancestry.com/en Do you know that you can make a private DNA test? Many company do this nowadays. And after you can upload your result and compare with an arcehogenetic database. Some Hungarians did this and this is the result: kzbin.info/www/bejne/pKO8ipKVoLGKgMU kzbin.info/www/bejne/eXrclpmejKeJrrs

[@istvanilles5335]

I can proof your theory with my DNA.

[@aliengalaxy6096]

@@istvanilles5335 mytrueancestry.com/en Do you know that you can make a private DNA test? Many company do this nowadays. And after you can upload your result and compare with an arcehogenetic database. Some Hungarians did this and this is the result: kzbin.info/www/bejne/pKO8ipKVoLGKgMU kzbin.info/www/bejne/eXrclpmejKeJrrs

[@gbsthlm6174]

True , the Scythians were the western ancestors of Xiognu (later Huns) and other turkic peoples. The runic signs is common for steppe peoples.

[@balrajmaan467]

Absolutely fascinating, as I’ve always thought in life, there’s more that binds us than divides us. I’m branch of Altai, Scythian, Saka, Jatt, Punjabi living in U.K. 😜 I also note the Saka kingdom 50AD is similar to Sikh Empire under Ranjit Singh kingdom in 1850 AD 🤓

[@yavuzselimsonmez7997]

Esenlikler Bolsun

[@riazhassan6570]

Interesting mix. How did you discover your ancestry?

[@balrajmaan467]

@@riazhassan6570 start with your surname & note your pind, mine didn’t follow main routes of Maan and changed due to a local village story: Maan man death to a SherGill woman, who returned to Shergill pind with a Maan son, all Maans are ancestors of this son in our pind. your caste may give you a guide sometimes. Jays more so, as we are migrants into India. Surname generally gives your most recent (1000-2000) years journey, then I found The Maan surname was at some point a first name of one of 3 brothers (Maan, Hayer & Bhullar) of the Collective tribes called Saka (before surnames), then I looked up Saka migration which takes me another 1000+ years, when Ppl didn’t move much after that time, until out of Africa human migration.

[@riazhassan6570]

@Helena Hezbanî Yes. The likelihood seems remote. Records would be untraceable in most cases, and would be unreliable where they were. This business about haplogroups, migrations, linguistic similarities, DNA testing, hearsay, family stories, ancient epics, literature, castes, tribes, etc., might offer possibilities, but would have to remain speculative. For example, a group of people in my country (Pakistan) claim direct descendance from Ghengis Khan, i.e., from the man himself, not from his soldiers-a claim that seems supportable from other sources but which cannot be proven to the hilt. As we see from remarks in this thread, caste, race and tribe mean a lot to Asiatic people (perhaps to all people). However, while one might talk in general terms, fine tuning these racial and tribal claims to any degree of certitude is unlikely

[@riazhassan6570]

@@balrajmaan467 Interesting. People of South Asia give much importance to things like purity of tribe or caste. I am not challenging your statements, which could in fact be fully reliable. However, written records do not exist in most cases, so a lot depends on hearsay, tribal memory, legends, claims, etc.

[@humminggus]

you are so wonderful ….

[@jvmor6275]

Excellent presentation. Reminds me of the Comanches.

[@response2u]

15:09 Persopolis is the Turkish capital. It is in Iran and was the capital of Persia.

[@mrwersa1]

@Spoony G Yes, that was their name of Dynasty. The were Persians.

[@mrwersa1]

@Spoony G There was no Turkey. It's a fake name and nationality :))

[@cna4350]

Saeed Aghaee even the name Turk comes from Tur that mentioned by Proto-Iranic people (~1000 BC) and it was for Indo-European people, not Asiatic people such as Turks

[@SilverforceX]

Scythians were ancient, well before 1000 BC. In fact, the Meso Babylons were their descendant (one of their off-shoot tribe).

[@ck.youtube]

No. Babylonians were Chaldean, a Semitic people. Scythians was a Indo-European people. Their languages are not from the same root.

[@jvcyt298]

Wonderful lecturer and a fascinating topic, although I could've gotten a lot more out of it if instead of filming him pointing at the screen, they filmed what he was pointing at on the screen, and see what those who attended the lecture saw. It's disappointing.

[@ilfarodiipazia]

when is the year for this conference please?

[@ahmetkaraaslan8429]

He said genetically They came from Altai... but people think they are Iranic :D Everyone knows they were Turkic

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

🤣🤣

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

There were no iranian in altai mountains

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

media.discordapp.net/attachments/734026978314813490/765906055573930005/image0.jpg

[@srinjoyroychoudhury7034]

I think he's talking about the Tocharians in the Altai Mountains

[@ahmetkaraaslan8429]

@@srinjoyroychoudhury7034 they were in Tarim Basin, right? I just searched it and saw that they were not in Altai. Turkic people contunied the religion and culture that we see in Andronovo or Afanesieyova cultures. As you probably know, Altai region is where all Turkic people come from in a archeological sense and no indo-european lived there.

[@parysatissh6978]

I'm a persian zoroastrian(religion of ancient persia) and I live in Shiraz, the city where persepolise is located! how can you say perseplise was a turkish capital???😂🇮🇷🇮🇷🇮🇷

[@olumluhayatbugunvarsinyari1326]

He made mistake

[@edaxsachorwzky8898]

Interesting, are there temples where people of your faith practice the rituals?

[@ck.youtube]

Fascinating topic! However, @ 20:04 the professor mentioned corn was a trading item between the Scythian and Greek... But how could that be? Corn originated in Mexico, and wasn't brought back to Europe or Asia until after 1492. One intriguing thing is this "blood brotherhood" ritual @ 26:27, mixing the bloods from two unrelated persons and drink it, to seal a blood tie... This part is very similar to the ancient Chinese culture. Coincidence? Or influenced by each other?

[@Motofanable]

Corn is an old word for wheat.

[@grovermartin6874]

@@Motofanable Or grain, which he did say immediately after using "corn." In English speaking Western hemisphere the most commonly used word for maize is "corn." In Spanish the word is maiz.

[@kimberlyperrotis8962]

In British English corn means grain, any grain like wheat. Dr. Cunliffe clarified that immediately, he didn’t mean maize, obviously.

[@WalintHUN]

Chinese learned a lot from Scythians and Huns

[@nukhetyavuz]

i think theyre related...this tradition must have been present in their common ancestors as well,who later went from asia siberia to america via icesheets

[@mrroyale5688]

The Hungarians who conquered at the end of the century were 10-15% of the local population. 60% of the conquering population were genetically similar to the Basques and Volga Tatars (former Volga Bulgars) living today. Among the ancient archaeological cultures, they were genetically related to the OKUNEVO culture, Siberian Scythians (based on samples of bones from Scythians living in Tuva and present-day Kazakhstan), Scythians found in Pazyryk in the Altai Mountains, Sagly-Uyuk culture, Xiongnu culture found in western Mongolia. Hungarians considered themselves Scythians and Huns (Scythians among the Huns) according to our ancient chronicles. Video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/bKXNeKuOYpmNkKM time: 20:02.

[@charleswalker1185]

The cryptic of the couples refer to Heracles leaving his bow, for his triplets( supposedly born of Heracles, and a woman with snakes below her waist) one tried to string the bow, and he was injured in the mouth, the next tried it and was injured in leg, the third brother is actually stringing the bow...he became the chief chief of the Scyths, this group( the Royals) became the Sarmatians...

[@hannibalbarca2928]

It is written by the Byzantine sources that they call the Turks Scythian. When presenting the Gokturk Emperor's letter to the Zemarkos Byzantine Emperor, he said:"Today, the nation we call Turk, formerly called SCYTHİAN. This letter was written with the letters SCYTHİAN." (28) SOURCE = (28) - Edounard Chavannes, Documents sur les Tou-kiue Occidentaux, Paris, sf.235,240,237,238

[@genekalutsky8813]

So what? During WW1 the Briyish called the Germans "the Huns" - r u going to make similar conclusions oit of that? You, turks, are no relatives to the Scythians, you came out of Manchuria in 400 AD when all the Scythians were dead already, 600 years dead!

[@hannibalbarca2928]

@@genekalutsky8813 Harvard Enclopedia, the world's largest encyclopedia, says that the east of the Scythians speak Turkic.The official source of harvard below says that the Turkic language is in the east Scythians. copied SYCHTHİANS Contemporary populations linked to western Iron Age steppe people can be found among diverse ethnic groups in the Caucasus, Russia and Central Asia (spread across many Iranian and other Indo- European speaking groups), whereas populations with genetic similarities to eastern Scythian groups are found almost exclusively among Turkic language speakers (Supplementary Figs 10 and 11). reich.hms.harvard.edu/sites/reich.hms.harvard.edu/files/inline-files/ncomms14615_0.pdf

[@hannibalbarca2928]

@@genekalutsky8813 Huns are also of Turkic origin.I can offer as many resources as you want.This issue is not much discussed anymore. copied Hunnic Empire was the empire of the Huns. The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes, especially Turkic ones, from the Steppes of Central Asia. www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Hunnic_Empire

[@genekalutsky8813]

@@hannibalbarca2928 Your sources are lying or rather you are misinterpreting them. There are texts in easternmost Scythian language preserved in the deserts of Khotan for millenia - hard evidence - and they are in an Iranian language very similar to Ossetian and Wakhi. Here is an example: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Khotanese_animal_zodiac_BLI6_OR11252_1R2_1.jpg/330px-Khotanese_animal_zodiac_BLI6_OR11252_1R2_1.jpg Khotanese is attested from over 2,300 texts. Not Turkic in any way. Educate yourself and learn to like that your ancestors showed up in Central Asia from Manchuria around 300 AD, no earlier.

[@hannibalbarca2928]

@@genekalutsky8813 harvard, oxford, and cambridge university are lying Are you telling the truth?😂😂😂 wikipedia you provided as a source, are you kidding me?In the official statement of Wikipedia, she explained that Paniranists had to explain because he was tired of the attacks.Wikipedia does not present itself as a source, is it? so how can you present it as a resource?😂😂😂 wikipedia copied Wikipedia is not a reliable source. Wikipedia can be edited by anyone at any time. This means that any information it contains at any particular time could be vandalism, a work in progress, or just plain wrong. . en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_is_not_a_reliable_source#:~

[@istvanilles5335]

Excellent presentation. Thanks for your time.

[@davidchurch3472]

So, the Classic writers mentiond 4 main groups around them: libyans in north Africa; Indians - presumably in India; Scythians, in the north-east, and Celts : Were the Celts the poeples of the North-west/Europe, or of Sudan/Ethiopia, Or were they somehow both?

[@gagamba9198]

Depending on the time, the Celts stretched from Eastern Europe to the British Isles with some pockets in central Anatolia (Turkey), Bulgaria, and Ukraine. In continental Europe they were in much of today's Spain and all of Portugal, almost all of France, Benelux, Netherlands, Switzerland, central and southern Germany, northeastern Italy and San Marino, Lichtenstein and Austria, Czechia, Slovakia, southern Poland, Hungary, and western Romania. Their origins are thought to be in today's Austria. The association of the Celts (exclusively) with the British Isles and far western France (Breton) came to be after they were pushed out/taken over/absorbed by others.

[@charleswalker1185]

In my humble opinion, the superior artwork sprung from their illiteracy..it was a Sagic culture, the history was told, rather than written...I feel that more has to be shown when the story was told..

[@debbiemoger4902]

I have Scythian ancestry,along with Viking, Visigoth, Ostrogoth,Frank and some Lombard, I've recently found out I have .06 of Cypriot from Cypress and a bit of Greek,lots of German it just amazes me how all these tribes blended at times+

[@garyhighley9022]

most of us do.

[@attilalukacs9602]

Viking, Ostrogoth, Frank and Lombards are elite Scythians (Nordoid, Dilocosephalic) Don't listen to this expert. See "Conspiracy? Our Subverted History, Part 2-The Scythians and Their Kin" on another video on Utube for the truth. Punch it in exactly how I quoted it, you are more Scythian than you realise!

[@mav333]

They are all Indo-European. At one point the Iranian and Germanic tribes bordered each other.

[@MymilanitalyBlogspot]

Thank you so much, Prof. Cunliffe. Please do a separate video about the history of horse tackle and shoes. Finding reliable information about this on the net is proving difficult. When did the first kind of saddles appear? When did stirrups appear? When did horse "slippers" appear? When did horse shoes appear? When were horse shoes first nailed, rather than tied, to the hooves? Thanks for considering it.

[@devinslurry365]

Did he ever address the language thing?

[@sirsirosariya9617]

Persepolis is in Iran and not Turkey. Scythians are Aryan which means Iranians or Persians. Alans are also Aryans which means Iranians. Ossetians are Aryans or Iranians. You did your best to avoid mention the words Iran, Iranians, Aryans. You shouldn’t be teaching.

[@theknave4415]

We're lucky that a mainstream archaeologist or historian is even talking about the Scythians. ;) For whatever reasons, the Scythians have always been ignored, disparaged and/or dismissed by The West.

[@sirsirosariya9617]

@@theknave4415 , If a historian or archeologist or anthropologist or whomever can’t speak the truth and the facts about the Scythians who we call the Saxons today and who were Aryan race which means they were Iranians or Persians then he or she better not to say a word about them rather than making up lies to feed and brainwash the public with it. This man shouldn’t be teaching because his knowledge and intellect about the Aryan Scythians/Saxons and the part of the world which they migrated to Europe and all over the world is zero. The reason the west has been ignoring the Scythians is the same reason this guy is not saying the true identity about them or he has no knowledge of it. The Scythian were Aryans which means Iranians and they are the same people who we call Saxons today like the Germans and Scotts and Irish etc, therefore the west doesn’t want these people or nations to know they are all the same people and the Aryan race. The western politicians and academics who are all bought up by the Zionist banker$ like the Rothschilds and the Zionist/Globalist controlled secret societies much rather to keep people in a small separate groups and give them fake races so they won’t unite against them. This bad teacher is one of their slaves. “Divide and conquer!”

[@missannettep6796]

This is the first time watching a presentation on the Scythians that I find it dull. Sound not effective and camera does not focus on the material. I stopped watching. Next time, do better visual camera and sound presentation, please.

[@darkcontinent2588]

EXCELLENT Talk!

[@AbuSous2000PR]

since the beginning of time until 150 yrs ago... india and china accumulated 2/3 of GDP and population.. how come they are both rarely mentioned? many thx for this lecture... i wonder if they had any connections to Khazars who came later?

[@75smiling]

Also the way of the deceased people were handled and their wife.... Similar to the ancient Hungarian way... Attila, or Géza and othets before the Christianity. Not similar, but totally the same way!!!

[@saeedmodanlou1874]

Meet the Scythians upon reading Shahnameh of Ferdosi: Part of a discussion about history of south and south west Asia! Michael Wood the BBC favorite historian, most of Indian and Iranian nationalist historians are Just B.S. makers and the most hypocrites of them all so far. If they have any claim in this historical issue, then they have to face challenging the great book of Shahnameh. The book of Shahnameh however is not a history book but the literature of the most famous stories of the book clearly reveals that there is a long standing disagreement and a big conflict between Aryan of the north and people that historically known as Indo -Scythian of the south west of Afghanistan and south east of Iran ( Also called Sistan = land of Sith or Scythian). Even before the migration of this people to the plain of Helmand river that later on called " Sistan" they were fighting Aryan settlers of south Oxus river. The argument between Indo - Scythian and Aryan is about that the the ethnically mixed Scythian trying to resist Aryan cast system which is part of Aryan's Zoroastrian believe system. Eastern Scythian (Hun - Scythian) of upper Oxus river migrated to the region about 200 B.C.E. when Greco - Scythian government established in Soqdiana after Alexander conquest of the region. Scythian used to live in Tarim basin. They were a mix of Eastern Scythian and Western Mongolian desert tribe that called "Hun"s. After they migrated south, they got mixed whit Indus valley Dravidian too. Aryan were looking down at them and tried to implement their cast system on those people. "Rostam" the main heroic character of the Pahlavans, unwillingly engages in an epic battle with prince of Aryan, The invincible Esfandiar. Esfandiar also Esfandir, son of Goshtasb the Aryan king, needs to kill Rostam the torch carrier of Pahlavan's anti racism believe that was called "Aiin e Pahlavani =The code of Palavans" and subdue the resistance of three ethnically mixed people in Sistan, in order to be illegible to take the Aryan throne. He bluntly condemns Rostam to death because Rostam is not a believer of the glorious and mighty Zoroastrian religion. Esfandiar eventually loses the battle and his life dramatically through a series of fierce fights with Rostam. Rostam achieves a triumphant victory against Aryan Racist believe system and Pahlavans anti racism believe prevails.

[@taymazafsar5907]

😂😂

[@lisalasers]

i loved this bit it’s do disappointing that we aren’t told about women being part of the warrior class in the story, leaving prevailing assumptions as applicable

[@amandabernsen9174]

And the subtleties around the edges: be honest, Barry: Victorian England had those, too -- and probably, on the whole, much greater decency : )

[@memyselfi0120]

I'm just a bit confused as to why you are taking ancient Greek and Mongolian artifacts and falsely portraying them as "Scythian".. is it because you lack artifactual evidence for "Scythians"? And if so, what exactly is your bases for the existence of the "Scythians" ? Or do you feel you have to manipulate and deceive your audience to support your "Steppe" bias?...

[@mav333]

How are they taking Greek and Mongolian artifacts?

[@AnthonyEvelyn]

There is a Celtic-Scythian connection that I would like to see more explained.