The Siberian cousins of Native Americans - The Ket People

Bibliography:
BOTH LANGUAGES - GOAT SOURCE
- Website Archive on everything to do with SELKUP, KET and EVENKI: siberian-lang.srcc.msu.ru/en/a...
- KZbin Channel archive of native speakers of SELKUP, KET and EVENKI: / @siberian-lang
~~~ACADEMIC SOURCES~~~
English:
- Ket Language (Alexandra A. Sitnikova, Journal of Siberian Federal University)
- The role of position class in Ket verb morphophonology Edward J. Vajda, Tandfonline)
- The Ket Language: from descriptive linguistics to interdisciplinary research (Elena A. Kryukova, Tomsk Journal LING & ANTROPO 2013)
- Typology of the Ket finite verb (Edward Vajda, Western Washington University)
- A descriptive grammar of Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak) (STEFAN GEORG, University of Bonn)
- Historiography of Ket Language (Kistova & Pimenova, Siberian Federal University)
- Siberian Landscapes in Ket Traditional Culture (Edward J. Vajda, Western Washington & Leipzig)
Русский:
- Кетский Язык: современный социолингвистический статус и причины, приведшие к нему (на материале полевых исследований) (Юлия И. Козиорова, Институт языкознания РАН, 2013)
- Хакасско-Кетские Лексические параллели. (Aikakauskirja Journal de la societe Finno-Ougrienne, 1992)
- Этнореальность в Фотообъективе, Кеты Енисея (Окстябрьская, Шубская, Рудаков)
- Традиционная Культовая Культура Кетов (Викторовна, МКУ ДО Аист)
~~~VIDEOS~~~
English:
- Ket Language Structure (Edward Vajda)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABFZs...
- Language Connection Between Asia and the Americas?? - The Dené-Yeniseian Language Family Explained (Agma Schwa) • Language Connection Be...
- Ket Shamanism (The Brofessor)
• Ket Shamanism
- Edward Vajda - Tlingit and Dené-Yeniseian Hypothesis (Sealaska Heritage Institute)
• Edward Vajda - Tlingit...
Русский:
- Юлия Галямина - Кеты и кетский язык (MAFUN Academy) • Юлия Галямина - Кеты и...
- Кеты. Фильм Дениса Жемчугова
• Кеты. Фильм Дениса Жем...
- Счастливые Люди (Happy People documentary)
• Счастливые люди | Енис...
Ket:
- Kotusov singing
• Алла Пугачева
- Lady talking about her grandparents, used in video
• В Бахте
- Ket Language example with subtitles and translation (ILoveLanguages)
• KET LANGUAGE, PEOPLE, ...
~~~WEBSITES/OTHER~~~
English:
- “A Bit Lost” in the Siberian Ket Language (Chris Haughton) blog.chrishaughton.com/a-bit-...
- The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples (Edward Vajda) web.archive.org/web/201904062...
Русский (worth to check out even if you don’t speak Russian):
- Вернер Г.К., Николаева Г.X. Букварь для 1 класса кетских школ www.twirpx.com/file/2375471/
- Каргер Нестор Константинович, биография
bioslovhist.spbu.ru/person/28...
- Песни и фольклор на Кетском (50 PAGES OF SONGS AND POEMS IN KET) web.archive.org/web/201907271...
- 1934: Языки и письменность народов севера, Крейнович и Алкор (THE LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE OF THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH, KREINOVITCH & PALKOR) - Scan
www.prlib.ru/en/item/817544
- [TONS OF PHOTOS OF DOLLS] Алэл - кетская кукла, хранительница домашнего счета (Двурченская)
babiki.ru/blog/narodnaya-kukl...
- Последний бард последнего народа - Котусов (Юлия Галямина) www.trv-science.ru/2019/09/po...
- Встреча с писателем Михаилом Тарковским
www.asu.ru/news/8744/
- Счастливые Люди (Часть 1)
• Счастливые люди | Енис...
- Poem read in the end of the video (Cyrillic):
web.archive.org/web/201907271...
0:00 - Introduction
01:12 - Where do the Kets live?
03:18 - Chums & Shamans
05:44 - 1580s-1850s: A Swedish army captain, a German scientist and a Finnish linguist
10:11 - 1920s-1940s: Collectivization & Boarding Schools
16:37 - 1980s-2000s: Mini-resurgence
17:59 - Statistics & Status Today + intro to Ket Language
22:53 - Ket Number System
26:15 - Phonology
27:41 - Morphology: Classes, Cases & The Ket Verb + Examples
35:38 - Dené-Yeniseian Hypothesis: Family & DNA
42:12 - Extra #1: The Last Ket Poet
43:24 - Extra #2: Japanese & Mushrooms
45:57 - Conclusion
46:59 - Shawn reads a poem in Ket
#language #navajo #siberia #endangeredlanguages #ket

[@imshawngetoffmylawn]

I’ve seen many comments saying that The Gulag Archipelago is not academic literature like I said, and that therefore everything I say after is just not worth taking seriously because of that. Full disclosure: I have never read The Gulag Archipelago. I’ve heard mixed opinions of it in the past, but I simply do not know enough about the contents of it, nor the author, to be able to judge it myself. The quote that I read in the video with reference to Nestor Konstantinovich Karger is the one and only thing I credit to the book in the entire video. I found it in a different article about Karger and decided to add it as an interesting tidbit. I should have mentioned that in the video. The rest of the video (including literally everything else mentioned about Karger in that segment) is, to the best of my knowledge, historically accurate, and had been corroborated by multiple sources during my doing research for the video. I know that I am a few months late in addressing this, but nevertheless, I would like to apologize both for this, as well as leading many others to believe that the rest of the video has anything to do with the book itself. It does not, at all. Thank you for reading and hope you have a great day and a wonderful night!

[@professorquarter]

You poked the tankie nest.

[@QuartixRu]

I can't watch more than 15 minutes of any youtube video without getting bored but i can just randomly watch a 48 minute video from shawn about Kets at 1 am in one sitting without getting bored.

[@imshawngetoffmylawn]

This means so much, I can’t find the words. Thank you❤️

[@random-pd4dt]

Ket needs to be revived, if possible.

[@RandomStufLemGD]

@@lugburz-shak4629omg total war warhammer 2

[@FernandoMendoza-dw8nz]

Same here❤

[@yogurt3572]

That's an actual problem...

[@philpaine3068]

The land and culture of the Ket is familiar to me --- not because I've ever been there, but because everything is identical to subarctic Canada. Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì is one of the nine official Indigenous languages of the Northwest Territories in Canada. It is spoken in three tiny villages along the Mackenzie River, which flows for 4,241 km northward to the Arctic Ocean. There are no roads, only an occasional boat carrying supplies by river, and the omnipresent bushplanes. Currently, 1,350 people speak the language at home, after the destructive effect of residential schooling. Almost anything that can be said about traditional Ket life is pretty much the same for the Tłı̨chǫ [historically known as the Dogrib People]. Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì is a Na Dene language (like most spoken in the NWT and the Yukon) and thus a candidate for being related to Ket --- which Canadian linguists largely acknowledge. I've been following the progress of the Dené-Yeniseian hypothesis for years, and I'm inclined to accept it, though I'm not sufficiently trained to make the call on anything more than a hunch. But I can tell you that you could drop a Canadian Tłı̨chǫ by parachute into a Ket village, and they would take about five minutes to become fully adjusted.

[@rasheed7934]

Damn man how do handle living up there!?

[@philpaine3068]

@@rasheed7934 That's exactly the question most North of Sixtiers ask themselves when it's minus 50C [= minus 58F]. Or in the summer when the blackflies have to be swatted with a baseball bat. They handle it with a sense of humor. Are you familiar with the actor Leslie Nielsen? His deadpan humor brought him fame in Airplane and the Naked Gun movies. He spent his childhood in one of the tiny, remote communities on the Mackenzie River, even further north than the one that I described. I can vouch for the fact that people all across Canada's northern territories deal with hardship with laughter. . . especially the Inuit people who comprise most of the population of Nunavut Territory.

[@rasheed7934]

@@philpaine3068 I tip my hat to you. Y'all some hardcore crazy mfkas up there👍

[@seeknord]

А вот это, вообще-то, отличная идея для лингвистов (и географических киношников) - представителей предположительно родственных народов свозить в гости к «родственникам», особенно если оба народа сохранили не только язык, но и хотя бы элементы традиционной жизни, и посмотреть - поймут ли друг друга и вообще что скажут?

[@user-xf8wy2wl4c]

По казакски- Тіl, это язык.

[@Squirrelmind66]

I have absolute respect for Russian linguists since I learned that one of them helped crack the Mayan writing system.

[@quetzalcueyat]

Tatiana Proskouriakoff

[@fedorpravov5372]

@@quetzalcueyatNo, Yury Valentinovich Knorozov (born November 19, 1922, Kharkov, Ukraine, U.S.S.R. [now Kharkiv, Ukraine]-died March 31, 1999, Moscow, Russia) was a Russian linguist, epigraphist, and ethnologist, who played a major role in the decipherment of Mayan hieroglyphic writing.

[@davidmassey9243]

I’m Apache and from what I understand, there were found certain words used by the Ket which matched those used by Apaches and Navajos. One was a type of tree. I had more info, but sadly I was hacked and lost everything. The elderly woman speaking Ket in this video sounds (to me) Russian influenced.

[@CandiceMMartinez]

I've been hacked before. I know how it feels to lose every thing to malware. I hope you get through! I'm Mexican so I started using Nahuatl - mixing in numbers and symbols - for passwords. And I write them down in a booklet so that they're not saved on any devices. It's much harder for hackers to do brute force entry when you avoid common languages. But you're Apache so you probably already use that language. Try to not save your passwords on your devices. Not for a few years at least. Write down your passwords. And I strongly recommend Apache for your wifi passwords and router. If you are using a PC, ditch it. Macs are much more secure, although not immune to malware. God bless! I hope you get through this 🙏🏼

[@allay179]

Ket woman certainly didn’t use Russian language.

[@nicolascampuzano5150]

@@allay179 , she used some Russian words - eto (это), chtoby (чтобы)

[@poconets]

​@@allay179russian influenced 100%

[@ArdaSReal]

Yes its very common that the only speakers left often are so much influenced by russian that you can hear the Russian accent. I hear it with many turkic languages that are spoken in russia

[@realtalk6195]

I'm surprised you didn't mention a major point. There's a theory that Yeniseian peoples existed across Eastern Siberia too but who eventually assimilated into the Turkic and Tungusic peoples. They also migrated to Inner Asia. The more eastern Yeniseians were likely the closest relatives to the counterparts in North America. There's many words in Turkic languages and even in Hungarian (I'm not sure whether there are in Finnic languages) that are believed to be of Yeniseian origin. There's also a lot of Turkic and Tungusic loanwords in Yeniseian languages. It's also theorized that the _ruling class_ of the Xiongnu Empire (founded in 209 BCE by Modu Chanyu AKA Mete Khan), which is regarded as the first Inner Asian and Hunnic empire, consisted of Yeniseian speakers either in most or in significant part.

[@jake-rg3fd]

*Xiongnu This was really interesting so I looked it up- I'm not a linguist so can't evaluate the strength of the arguments, but I should point out that a larger number of experts seem to think the Xiongnu spoke a Turkic language.

[@anthonyfuqua6988]

Hungarian and Finnish are of the same language family but not mutually intelligible.

[@adrianciobanu5856]

​@@anthonyfuqua6988huns aren't finic only Maghiars huns came from Amur Habarovsk regions Maghiars came from Tiumeni region and Hanti Mansiisk Avtanomnii Okrug

[@eaststorm1282]

@@jake-rg3fdit depends who you ask. the Mongols claim that they are descendants of the Hunnu (Xiongnu in Mongol). btw we should stop using the word Xiongnu because it means savage slaves in Chinese (they considered all non Chinese to be savages) and considered derogatory.

[@jamesdoyle2769]

I can't find it now but I saw a discussion of a Xiongnu song that hasdbeen transcribed during the Han dynasty and when. the Han Dynasty Chinese was compared to proto- Yeneseian there was a clear connection

[@sprrwprnts]

I find this video truly inspiring both as a formally trained language geek and a Siberian. Please accept my most sincere 'wow'.

[@archeofutura_4606]

Vajda is a treasure! He is my Russian language and Eurasian ethnography professor, so I may be a bit biased. All around legend and great guy though The research on the Ket people is his life’s work, so he’s always super eager to talk about it with anyone who asks and has some mad stories about his time in Kellog. I’m so happy to see one of my favorite youtubers be fascinated by the Ket language, and this was a joy to watch ))

[@joelsavoie8641]

Any good stories of his to tell us?

[@randomperson2526]

Dont't mind me, just commenting so I'll be notified if there's a cool story!

[@sumerianio]

i had Vajda for LING 201 and he singlehandedly made me interested in linguistics. love that guy, fantastic professor.

[@edwardelric5019]

As a language enthusiast and translation studies student, I must leave a comment as well to get a notification in case of interesting stories

[@silva7493]

I'm hoping there will be a book. Or at least a story or two. He sounds like the kind of teacher we often only run into once, if we're lucky.

[@pamelahobe1133]

Thank you Shawn for your diligent work. As a 2nd/3rd generation Finnish American (and 100% Finnish per DNA testing) it is so interesting to see the evidence of language connecting groups that largely have been overlooked in the studies of people migrations. As the old dogma taught when I was in school starts crumbling we are gaining a much deeper understanding of our ancient ancestors and the past is much deeper and richer than we ever imagined. Thank you!

[@olegshtolc7245]

100% ? r u inbred or what? 😂

[@burymycampaignatwoundedkne3395]

I've always found the connections between Siberia and the Americas fascinating. This is a very ingriuing video, especially the mention of the mushroom devouring Japanese.

[@BajanEnglishman51]

Because native Americans came from Siberia lol

[@burymycampaignatwoundedkne3395]

@@BajanEnglishman51 Of course. This makes their connections no less interesting

[@TitB1199]

​@@BajanEnglishman51They look like people from SEA. Don't look at the 'Natives' in the US or Canada as they are mostly highly mixed. Look at rural tribes in Central America who are mostly untouched. They could fit in down in Thailand or Indonesia.

[@eratm6266]

​@@TitB1199people from Thailand and Indonesians are highly mixed with the Chinese so it's also not true. The closest people to the Native Americans in terms of genetics and phenotype are definitely Siberians and Central Asians.

[@TitB1199]

@@eratm6266 I have lived in rural Thailand. Put a rural family from Central America up against a rural family in either of those countries and for the most part they look like the same people.

[@Nastya_07]

Fun fact: There might have been a Yeniseian Chinese dynasty, the Later Zhao dynasty, founded by the Jie people. Not much remains of their language but one phrase, which could be representing a Yeniseian language, close to the extinct Pumpokol. Though others believe the Jie language was Turkic instead.

[@DarthMarr2009]

Navajo relatives ruling China, kinda based

[@robmartin5448]

Theres Sochi in Russia and in Nahuatl it means the same thing- XOCHTLI ( sochi) , many other releated words like Shikarna. my theoery is that certain Native American clans came from Kazakhstan and Jurchen Manchus. In Mexico city one of those tribes became the Aztec; Mexica & Tlaxcala & Mescaleros. It is known that that some Native American clans had horses before Spain even arrived. But note, this is not information for Afro Centrics. Afro Centrics use this to attack native americans and say they are not indigenious to America. Native Americans are indigenious to America, just certain clans came from Eurasia.

[@senecavermeulen8110]

⁠​⁠@@robmartin5448sochi means seaside in the extinct ubykh language. xochitl means flower in nahua. they don’t mean the same thing. even if they did, it would be almost unbelievable for related words to resemble each other that closely after over ten thousand years of language drift. any theory connecting Uto-Aztecan with the Abkhazo-Adyghean languages is probably far more controversial than dene-yeniseian. also, it’s not that ‘some native american clans’ have siberian ancestry; the orthodox theory is that all native americans came from siberia, with some researchers claiming travel across the pacific further south. i need a source for the kazakhstan/tungusic claims also, shikarna does not look like a nahua word

[@robmartin5448]

Sochi does not mean Seaside in Ubyk, it means a type of field called Sochi in a Georgian dialect. I'm not sure where you got this thousand year langauge drift theory when Shapultepec in Turkish literally means same as Chapultepek in Nahuatl. You have no understanding of Native Americans or Siberians, of their culture, genetics or langauge. So to say that ALL came from Siberia is a wild statement, thats a god dam stretch and you know it. @@senecavermeulen8110

[@Qvadratus.]

@@senecavermeulen8110 some Native American tribes in the Northern part of North America have some Mongolian genes admixture. they came there thru Bering Strait just like the rest of natives but later and mixed with locals.

[@sandors.5526]

41:47 Hi, As a Hungarian, I can add that we also have a long tradition of headstones from wood, with other motifs, but a kind of totem pole, but if you look at the burial place of the Tarim mummies, you can also see a row of wooden columns there that are many thousands of years old... It was many thousands of years ago connection between the people living on the steppe, one went to the right and the other to the left, that's how the Indians and the Eurasian people became.... In addition, the sacred symbol of the Hungarians is the falcon, a bird of prey, as it appears on the totem poles of the American Indians. Look at the Asian HUN royal crowns, they all show hunting birds....

[@arailway8809]

As an admirer of the Navajos, this was a fun video. We have a state in the US called Oregon. Surprisingly, over in Siberia, they have a native people called something like the Orogan, who live much like the Ket. I want to thank you Shawn. I know serious library research when I see it. Happy Hunting.

[@jamezbrian4135]

there is a Georgia in Russia

[@dragonfly9209]

@@jamezbrian4135 Don't let a Georgian hear you say they are part of Russia. They have been a sovereign, independent country for many years now.

[@senerzen]

@@jamezbrian4135 That is not the same thing.

[@scintillam_dei]

Oregon comes from the Spanish name Obregón. Anyway, see "The Origin of Language: atheist Myths VS The Scriptures."

[@m7ray]

"Surprisingly, over in Siberia, they have a native people". American education intensified.

[@DarthMarr2009]

More awareness needs to be shed upon these rare and unique ethnic groups. It is imperative upon the world to put aside politics to protect unique human heritage.

[@napoleonfeanor]

The people need to want it though. There seems to be limited interest among the young Ket. I share your sentiment however. Peoples anywhere should be allowed to keep their particularities.

[@user-yj3ee2bj3i]

​@@napoleonfeanorThere is little interest amongst many "minority languages" unless they implement some pseudo nationalism. And then that isn't a true, pure interest anyways

[@juniperrodley9843]

I am sorry to tell you this but DarthMarr, that is politics. "We need to forget these issues and focus on this" is 100% political.

[@user-yj3ee2bj3i]

@@juniperrodley9843 It shouldnt be. People should be allowed freely to keep their language and culture without politics and imperialism and virtue signaling

[@4rtie]

Sadly, what you've said is a political opinion.

[@mysteriousDSF]

I'm Hungarian and the case system doesn't really startle me, Hungarian has a bunch of archaic cases that are only used in poetic context and sometimes even their meaning can be multiple or simply vague.

[@alareiks742]

Case system is actually very useful and apply to short the sentence.

[@sandors.5526]

41:47 Hi, As a Hungarian, I can add that we also have a long tradition of headstones from wood, with other motifs, but a kind of totem pole, but if you look at the burial place of the Tarim mummies, you can also see a row of wooden columns there that are many thousands of years old... It was many thousands of years ago connection between the people living on the steppe, one went to the right and the other to the left, that's how the Indians and the Eurasian people became.... In addition, the sacred symbol of the Hungarians is the falcon, a bird of prey, as it appears on the totem poles of the American Indians. Look at the Asian HUN royal crowns, they all show hunting birds....

[@PlayNowWorkLater]

I’ve been interested in the Northern Dene / Navajo connection for years. My home is in the Yukon. We have some local First Nations who have very similar words, some are actually identical to the Navajo language. I’m super interested in what you are presenting here. That there is more connection in the world than differences. Very interesting!

[@PlayNowWorkLater]

@@garyallen8824 interesting. I only know what First Nations people where I live, which is basically where you mentioned on the Alaska/Canada border. What are your sources? Also have you heard about the eruption of a volcano in south east Alaska that was one of the drivers of the move south. As the eruption blanketed the region with a thick layer of ash

[@hermanhale9258]

An eccentric old lady once told me that the Navajo's closest relatives were the people of Tibet. I never saw anything about this online, so I figured it was not true. It stayed a curious "factoid" in my mind, though.

[@jamesking1495]

The Navajo and other related tribes are from the north, they migrated to the south, their words are from the north, that explains how some Navajo word are the same as those that live in the north.

[@logicmontano3160]

I'm Diné aka Navajo, and it's interesting because our stories talk about our people coming from the east through the plains, into the Rockies, and then down into where we are now in the southwest. The Navajo have ceremonial practices no other tribe in the southwest have except the tribes of the plains. Our stories tell of tribes such as the Zuni, Hopi, and even the Anasazi were already here when the Diné showed up but the Diné believe to have been here for a lot longer than the 1400's. Despite what main stream history says, the Diné were here when the Anasazi were still around. Our stories tell of the fall of Chaco and what happened there. Diné even have stories of the "other Diné" our northern Dene brothers/sisters but it speaks of them breaking off from the Diné here in the S.W. and going north. They even have some of the same clans in their tribe that we have also have.(there are 100's of clans of the Diné).

[@logicmontano3160]

​@@hermanhale9258There are some interesting similarities between the Navajo and the people of Tibet. They are both very rooted in sheep herding. The Tibetan mandala sandpaintings and the sandpaintings used by the Navajo in many ceremonies. The jewelry is VERY similar and both are well-known for rug-making. The Navajo like many other North American tribes used the tibetan "swastika" symbol a lot before it became demonized after WW2.

[@user-js3zb3gh5n]

24:20 The specificity of the numeral '40' in the languages of Northern Eurasia is due to the fact that the main unit of measurement for fur was a bundle of forty squirrel or sable skins. Therefore, this numeral was borrowed during colonial trade (since the Viking Age) long before all other types of contacts

[@annepoitrineau5650]

In English, the word for 40 is score. Close enough to sorok I think.

[@et76039]

@@annepoitrineau5650 , score means twenty. "Fourscore and seven years ago...."

[@karlschulte9231]

​No score is 20. 40 is 2 score. Pres Lincoln in Gettysburg Address said " 4 score , meaning 80. But i think you are close to the idea..​@@annepoitrineau5650

[@brettmuir5679]

​@@annepoitrineau5650so then the Gettysburg Address states, 167 years ago our fathers set forth on this continent a new nation conceived in liberty...I don't believe The United States was founded in 1696. Doing a little math from 1776 and I find out Four Score and Seven years is 87 ergo... A Score is 20

[@annepoitrineau5650]

Exactly. I was not saying any different. It is the addtion of fingers and toes. @@brettmuir5679

[@Reikianolla]

The largest problem to prove the connection is the time... 12.5k to 15k compared to 5-6k years for the last common ancestor of PIE languages which is already incredibly different and where the connection was proven with 2000 year old material.

[@Shwatso]

athabascans and inuit actually came after.. the original mammoth hunters were here twice as long, allowing them to split into algonquin iroquois lakota muscogee suquamish aztec mayan incan taino. so if these go back to a proto amerind language 12000 years ago like proto afro asiatic.. we do not have the data so we cant reconstruct it

[@helios8459]

PIE mutated so much thanks to contact with other groups.. Kellogg is in the middle of nowhere surrounded by impassable marshland. Ket hasn’t had any outside influence before 20th century aside from minor indo-iranian and selkup influence. So it has conserved enough features to still make the comparative method work

[@edwardelric5019]

The transeurasian language family theory has the same problem.

[@bryanjames7528]

As a Dineh (Navajo), this video was interesting. I can see similar sound in Ket language that are similar to Dineh language, like the glattal stop and nasal sound, but that is where the similarity ends. An interesting thing about Dineh language is that it incorporated Mexican words into it due to the fact that Dineh tribe was in contact with the Spanish and later Mexican government long b4 the American people. Our word for Sunday is still Damoo' and our word for money is Beeso', aloosh for rice & maa'daa'gii'ah for butter. Dineh language lacks the letters 'p', 'f', 'r', 'u' & 'v'. Sometimes it also incorporates sounds made in nature, like our word for mud is haash gliish, from the sound when you step into mud or our word for yes, aoo', coming from the sound seals make shaking their heads up and down (it's a joke based on the fact that Dineh ancestors traveled down from Canada and mightve encountered them lol). About 15% of our language came about in last 100 years or so when Dineh started to encounter the rest of the world and modern technology, most notably in WWII when the Navajo Code Talkers had to come up with new words for military equipments, weapons and other nationalities. So basically, Dineh language is pretty adaptable. Which I think is cool.

[@martelkapo]

This channel is a treasure trove, thanks for all your hard work Shawn

[@shiverarts8284]

its stupid as fuck

[@sanyurych]

Благодарю Вас за интереснейший обзор языков малочисленных народов. Очень познавательно! 🇷🇺❤️🇺🇲

[@pepperonish]

💪 🇷🇺 and 🇺🇸 are just people. Our governments sow discord for their sick games

[@johninman7545]

I so admire the Russian people and scholarship. I come from the Cold War time of the former Soviet Union and never but admired the education. I used to read Soviet Life, not a communist I did want Socialism. I listen to Moscow Mailbag on the short wave radio.

[@roberttelarket4934]

@sanyurych: Srrrahkoo Vahkoo!

[@mikeyrose4183]

@@pepperonish he means 🇲🇽 You whittrashh are illegal occupiers fkn morrron.

[@SLC-zf8kd]

Americans should always keep in mind that during the Cold War the Russians overall never felt any hatred towards common folks in the U.S. On the contrary, the brief period of openness in our relations during Carter's presidency led to a desire by the U.S.S.R. to build bridges with the West, to conquer space and solve Earth's problems together. But it was in the late 1980s - early 1990s that the Russians' determination to become equal and respected partners with the Americans and Europeans came to a head. There was a tremendous amount of enthusiasm about your economic system, efficient business practices, comfortable lifestyles, modern technologies and (initially) fascinating culture during that time period. Unfortunately, the response by the West, the U.S. and NATO was not reciprocal. Their policies were insincere and fully dictated by their own materialistic interests aimed at turning Russia, including Siberia, its richest region, into just another colony of the West, and suck out all our resources at bargain prices in exchange for allowing Russian (let's be frank, mostly Jewish, there are very, very few Russians/Ukrainians among oligarchs) and local ethnic elites to buy coveted real estate in the West. Every post-Soviet Russian leader (the Judas Gorby, Yeltsin, Putin in his younger days) naïvely believed that their Western counterparts would let them be equal partners at the table. But all the West always wanted to do about Russia was to install a puppet government that would let them syphon Russia's resources and brains out of the country. We remember well Margaret Thatcher's calculations of how many Russians would be allowed by the West to live in Russia in order to supply the West with cheap oil and gas: 15 million precisely, as it was "economically viable", and the remaining 135 million would have to disappear. And we also remember well Condoleezza Rice's words about Siberia being too big and too rich to belong to Russia alone (so it should be controlled by the U.S., naturally -- oops, there's China now that would not let you guys do that). I am not even going to touch upon the topic of the proceeds of 'sale' of Alaska as the Russian Empire never received any of the three instalments due under the purchase agreement. So that's it, folks. And please remember one more thing: If Putin's attempt to join NATO shortly after coming into power had been successful and not met with a Big White Sahib scorn and arrogance, and if NATO had stopped at Cold War borders instead of creeping closer and closer to Russia while hypocritically accusing Russia of threatening the West, the world would not be on the brink of a nuclear war now. And by the way, the Russians have also changed: the 1990s sincere admiration has now turned to distrust, disgust and hatred. @@pepperonish

[@Heliosphyr]

It's worth pointing out that Ket is a prefix language, and in the map shown the closest prefix languages would be where na-dene languages are spoken

[@tedgemberling2359]

Thanks. I remember when Vajda argued against Haida being Na-Dene, he pointed out that it's suffixing.

[@rasheed7934]

This is obviously the comment of a linguist because I don't even understand what a prefix language is supposed to mean.

[@righteous.48]

@@rasheed7934a language that builds words by adding things to the start, i speak a suffixing language which adds things to the end of a root to build words let’s say your root word is “wala” in a prefixing language you could make the word “nga-wala” (whatever that would mean in this context) to add meaning to the original word, suffixing is building it the opposite way

[@tedgemberling2359]

@@rasheed7934 I don't think you have to be a real expert linguist to say that. Essentially, it just means that when words are inflected (changed for things like plural vs. singular or object vs. subject), the inflections tend to be at the beginning of the word instead of the end. Here's an example. In the Lord's Prayer, in Hebrew the word for "your kingdom" is malkutkha. The kha at the end means "your." So that's suffixing. In Coptic, the word is tekmntro. The "your" part is the tek- at the beginning, so that's prefixing.

[@rasheed7934]

@@righteous.48 Thanks for the guide👍

[@paulm749]

Love your enthusiasm and sense of humor. What could have been a dry, academic discussion is instead very engaging. Well done!

[@NinjaAptxParaElPueblo]

Thank You for inspiring me to learn and make a silabary in the languages of my ancestors (Purépecha) and changing the way I see the world and getting more close to my family in Michoacán, I follow you since the Nganasan video and I always gonna be grateful with you (🇲🇽🇲🇽❤️❤️) and one day that I learn Nganasan, Purepecha and Ket I’m gonna make music in the se Languages.

[@sophiaschier-hanson4163]

Let’s see that syllabary lol! Submit it to Omniglot and see if anybody in your community is interested in a non-Latin writing system… :D

[@dankmemewannabe7692]

Where will you be posting that syllabary, we need to see it !! I’m so happy for you :))

[@Matt-jc2ml]

I've always wanted to visit michoacan. I used to bus from gdl to cdmx a lot and michoacan always looked great. Lots of green mountains everywhere. Maybe someday.

[@Nooticus]

OMG THERE IS NO WAY YOU MADE A 48 MINUTE VIDEO ABOUT KET 😍 ive been obsessed with finding out about this for years and years and don’t understand anything much about it, so im so so hyped to watch this!

[@petrikivela3902]

I have done an extensive dna test for genealogy. My family is from eastern Finland and a little Sami (almost all the original Lapland families, and a little northern Sami). I uploaded my dna file to different systems and it shows a small amount of the same heritage as the North American Indians. The ancestors of both are ancient Siberians.

[@Kanassatego]

Fascinating! I have two reasons to be interested: I, too, am a linguist (I have an MA in English Philology/Linguistics, specifically traditional and transformational grammar) and I have been a scholar of Apache (particularly Chiricahua Apache) for over 30 years. The linguistic evidence for the links between Apache/Navajo and the Athabascan languages in northern Canada is indisputable, of course. (I once met Helge Ingstad, the famous Norwegian anthropologist, just a year before he died in 2001. At the time, I was in Norway on a Fulbright grant, and it so happened that Ingstad was looking for a translator of his book in Norwegian about Apache Indians. I was hoping to get the job and officially applied.) Ingstad spent several years in the 1920s near Great Slave Lake in Canada among Chipewyan Indians and heard stories about some of their ancestors emigrating south and never returning. (It is those people who eventually became Navajos and Apaches.) This was the confirmed linguistic link. But I must confess my ignorance: I have not heard about the link with the Ket People. Amazing. Great job!

[@misaelgarcia9242]

Great work, I always wandered about the Asian, native American connection, Being a Native Central American myself I see a lot similarities in the physical appearance between the two people (The Urilic connection just blew my mind),

[@gamermapper]

There's technically a group of people that still exist both in Siberia and North America even to this day : the Eskimos. Specifically the Aleut and Yupik and not the Inuit (who only exist in North America). The Aleut live on the archipelago between the two continents, while the Yupik have communities both in northern America (Alaska) as well as Siberia (the Far Eastern part). I think it's also very interesting. I also wonder when did these people get to both continents. Are they still there from the bering strait? Or have they migrated relatively recently back to Siberia in a few centuries back? And are all these Eskimoan peoples different from all other Native Americans because they came later to the Americas? If so, does this also apply to the Athabaskans? What about the Tlingit?

[@Shwatso]

the inuit and athabascan came later, the first oldest wave is the mammoth hunters. so that means subtract inuit subtract athabascan, the first wave is algonquin iroquois lakota muscogee suquamish aztec mayan incan taino etc. thats the first wave because you subtract inuit and athabascan leaving the remainder that hunted mammoth and split into algonquin iroqouis lakota etc

[@johaquila]

For the Aleuts there is absolutely no mystery. The Aleutian Islands connect Siberia and Alaska in such a way that you can cross over by island hopping. I think I once read that the longest distance between two neighboring islands in the chain is still close enough that you can see the other side on many days, and can cross over in rowing boats. The Wikipedia article on Semisopochnoi Island has a map showing the surrounding islands. You can't tell from the map, but the Russia-US border is between Semisopochnoi Island (Siberia) and Gareloi Island (Alaska). Further north, close to the Bering Strait, there is also St. Lawrence Island, an Alaskan Indian reservation that Peter Santenello visited recently. (Look for: "Alaska's Native-Owned Island (need permission to enter)"). He was told (section "Russian Relatives) that in the 1990s, members of the same tribe from the Russian Chukchi Peninsula occasionally visited by boat. (The distance is 95 km.) "Two continents" sounds like a big distance, but for local people it often isn't. Just ask the people living in Istanbul who have daily commutes between Europe and Asia

[@TungusMJ]

Инуиты ежедневно могут мигрировать из Чукотки на Аляску. На Чукотке также есть эскимосское поселение

[@gamermapper]

@@TungusMJ Юпики а не Инуиты

[@johncarroll8662]

I will try to recall this accurately. My Eskimo sister in law, my highly educated sister in law, once told me that as a delegate to an indigenous people conference she spent time conversing with a Navaho woman and a Tibetan woman. After some interested effort by each of them for a day, they could communicate somewhat effectively. They discovered considerable commonality in their cultural languages

[@Zestieee]

I really love how comprehensive your videos are, especially this one. We have here an overwhelmingly interesting topic that isn't really talked about as far as I know, with such degree of detail and so much research behind it. I really appreciate your work. I found this channel just recently and I must say it's already one of my go-to channels to check and watch.

[@marissaalonzo7997]

I'm Native. I did my DNA. It shows 2% Mongolian. The rest is all North and South American Indigenous DNA. I personally think there were mixes across from Asia. You can see different influences between tribes, language groups and customs

[@nr6491]

I am Tatar from Russia with 6% of Mongolian DNA and 2% of Native American. The rest is Eastern European. It was a surprise for me to see the connection to Native Americans 👍

[@johng4093]

The science is still evolving as more data is collected. My results are interpreted somewhat differently now than 5 years ago, when I supposedly had trace Japanese ancestry 4 to 5 generations back, but not now. I liked being part Japanese while it lasted.

[@Satoshi-yd7lj]

​@@johng4093that's because DNA tests are mostly a scam lol

[@steveboy7302]

​@nr6491 how did native american dna get into yours that makes no sense native Americans don't move to that part of the world

[@MichaelWilliamz]

This is a really good video! The algorithm just randomly suggested it somehow and I really really enjoyed this. I can tell how interesting this is to Shawn and it’s contagious. I subscribed!

[@mateozanone7216]

Your content is amazing. You can see your sheer love for languages and linguistics. Keep it up my man, we are here for you. Greetings from Argentina!

[@magister343]

Subtracting one or two from the next round number is not that odd. The Latin words for 18 and 19 are "Duodeviginti," literally meaning "two from twenty," and "Undeviginti," literally meaning "One from Twenty." The words for 28 and 29 are Duodetreginta (two from thirty" and Undetriginta (one from thirty). It is the same pattern, it just doesn't start until near 20 instead of 10.

[@troelspeterroland6998]

Thanks for pointing that out. It's also in the etymology of 8 and 9 in Finnish.

[@Keskitalo1]

@@troelspeterroland6998 Yes, it is theorized 8 is (2-10) and 9 (1-10). Its not only in Finnish, but it is in fact shared with all Finnic languages. The strange part is that in Finnic the word used for the numeral ten in 8 and 9 is different than 10. For example in Finnish 8 is kahdeksan, 9 is yhdeksän, and 10 is kymmenen.

[@byrnon]

The written Roman numeral for nine IX is basically "one from ten", so in the written form the "one from ten" starts with nine, even though as spoken the "one from ten" starts with eighteen.

[@4rtie]

​​@@byrnontbf, Roman numerals were pretty fluid, and XIIX is a historically attested and valid alternative to XVIII Basically just depended on how many strokes the writer felt like using, or aesthetic preference

[@SionTJobbins]

Yes, in Welsh 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 you can say "cant namyn un" (hundred minus one) for 99. But this is rarely used, it's usually called "naw deg naw" (nine ten nine).

[@gustavovillegas5909]

Absolutely love this channel, thanks for sharing this!!

[@Sammenluola]

Proto-Uralic (PU) may have originally been 5-10 language, meaning there were words for one (üki), two (kêkta), three (kôlmi), four (njelja), and five (wixti). According to this idea, numbers from six to nine would have been named by either adding to five or substracting from ten. It is possible however, that PU had a separate word for six (kuxti). This means that an extremely early Indo-European loanword for seven (sjejcjim) replaced the original {3}{missing}{10} formula for number seven... while a similar formula for eight (kêkta-eksan-luka) and nine (üki-eksa-luka) would have persisted. Above, number eight reads something like "two-missing-ten", and number nine "one-missing-ten". Here a "missing number or amount off something" has tentatively been reconstructed as eksan. This comes about as follows: e (negative verb) -k (present tense) -sa (singular 3. person possessive suffix) ...which results in "eksa" as a part of number nine, and eksan as part of number eight (due to -n for duo/dual added to the end). This eksa(n) means something like "its not". A word -luka was used as number ten (and in substractions and in adding), so we end up having: 8 = kêkta-eksan-luka 9 = üki-eksa-luka Modern Finnish has dropped the -luka at the end, so we have kahdeksan (kêkta-eksan) for number eight, and yhdeksän (üki-eksa) for number nine. Below a summary of PU numbers. 1 = üki 2 = kêkta 3 = kôlmi 4 = njelja 5 = wixti 6 = kuxti 7 = sjejcjim 8 = kêkta-eksan-luka 9 = üki-eksa-luka 10 = luka

[@AndreAndre-yd5gw]

@Sammenluola I can recognize the hungarian kettő, három, négy. The Ural ostyák is 99% identical to hungarian 1-10.

[@Ball-pt4su]

This is soo interesting, im glad this got recommended to me. Thank you for sharing this!

[@callusklaus2413]

What absolutely gave me shivers was just how similar it sounds to indigenous languages of Washington and Canada! Incredible, and thank you for sharing this

[@thomasrealdance]

Amazing video, thank you very much. (I happen to be of the Hungarian Diaspora, what you said at the end about languages dieing out moved me very much) Your anecdote of the Japanese reminds me of the book "Russia Drunken Dream Story" by Inoue Yasushi from 1968 about a crew of Japanese seafarers from Ise/Shiroko (East Honshu) in the 18th Century, who get blown off course and eventually suffer shipbreak in what turns out to be Amchitka (!) In the course of over 10 years, they make it to Irkutsk, one of them makes it all the way to Saint Petersburg for an audience with Catharina the Great, then he and one other of the crew finally make it back alive to Japan, but find themselves exiled in their former country. Reading about how the indigenous Siberian peoples were treated by the Russian expansion was my first beginning understanding of how similar the colonization and extermination of Siberia by Russia resembled the -in 'the West'- more well known history of the many cousins and relatives of the Ket on Turtle Island, still occupied today by the US of A, Canada and Mexico ... Best for your work & please continue as well!

[@iainneilson1453]

Thank you for an absolutely fascinating 48 minutes. It is astounding that any language can still retain links, over such a vast geographical and temporal span, with related languages elsewhere. The genetic links seem to back this up, and i am sure there is stilll ao much to learn, if it is not lost before it can be recorded. As an aside, the mushroom (мухомор) has the scientific name Amanita muscaria and the common name Fly Agaric. It is strongly associated with shamanism and the origins of the Father Christmas figure and flying reindeer.

[@kierstynzolfo868]

Thank you so much for this video! I've been hoping to learn more about the Ket and the Dene-Yeneisen language hypothesis, and this was really informative and engaging.

[@kan1080]

I love how you show the same excitement about learning such interesting and peculiar facts about languages all over the world as all the language nerds out here :') love your content ✨

[@SirMikeyD]

Surely one of the coolest pieces I’ve had the pleasure of watching on YT in quite some time … great research … Subscribed!! 🤯

[@robw0127]

Wow. I had read some articles about the Dené-Yenesian language theories before, but what a great, insightful look into this subject this is. Thank you!

[@baberoot1998]

Linguistics...absolutely fascinate me. You get a "like", and a new, excited subscriber. Can't wait to see your other videos.

[@IndigenousHistoryNow]

Historian/linguist of North America here, absolutely loved this video so much! We talk about Siberian-Indigenous American connections a bit and it was nice actually seeing them in practice. For example, chum = tipi, zemlyanka = pit house. 2 points on language. First, marking nominal relations on the verb rather than the noun is something I’ve seen in Salish languages too (took me forever to realize that’s what was going on though 😅). Also I would agree that Tlingit is not the best language to use as a comparison with Ket to weigh the veracity of the Dene-Yeniseian connection. Reason being, it was only determined to add Tlingit to the Eyak-Athabaskan family within the last 30 years. I actually just got done reading a book on the Pacific Northwest that was published in 1990, and in that book it was saying that Tlingit might maybe possibly could be related to Eyak-Athabaskan. This video was actually news to me that they seem to have made the determination to include it. Loved the video so much! Can’t wait to check out more of your Siberian stuff!

[@MrChristianDT]

If we're on that note, I would also point out extremely loose similarities between the Siouan language family & that of ancient Japanese tribes, like the Ainu. Its hard to see, since so few of these languages were well recorded for posterity, but its kind of there. Languages both seem heavily syllabic, with very few consonants you can end a word in, use the same parts of speech ordering, use marker words in identical ways, have similar animate/ inanimate noun concepts, can have extended vowels, etc. There are quite a few dissimilarities, as well (no honorific in Siouan languages, Siouans have some words only people of one gender are allowed to use & both use some sounds the other language family doesn't), but I would argue some sort of very ancient, vague connection, at the very least. Siouan language family is also presumed to have shared ancestry with two other Native language families- Hokan & Muskogean.

[@leonidych725]

This is great video and information! I learned so much and had to share the link. Thank you so much!❤

[@sofbel5739]

This is perhaps the most interesting video ive watched in a long time .. being a philology and linguistics enthusiast myself. Keep up the good work. 👍🏼

[@sturlamolden]

The mushroom in question is actually called the “fly agaric” in English. Amanita muscaria is its Latin name.

[@LuisAldamiz]

Good that you mentioned. Amanitas there are many species, some deadly (Amanita phalloides), other culinary delicacies (Amanita caesarea) and then there are some that are hallucinogenic or "visionary" like the much celebrated (by some) A. muscaria.

[@JonathanReynolds1]

Also known as “Magic Mushrooms” 🍄🍄🍄🍄

[@sturlamolden]

@@JonathanReynolds1 No, the so-called “magic mushrooms” are species of Psilocybe spp., not Amanita muscarina. Amanita muscarina is called “fly agaric” in English.

[@user-qf5kl6cv2y]

Could you make a video about Tungusic Languages? This language family has a very interesting history from being the last emperors of China during the Qing Dynasty and settling the far east after moving to lake Baikal from near the Amur delta.

[@senecavermeulen8110]

The Tungusic peoples actually have some parallels with the Yeniseian peoples (relatives of the Ket). The Jie were a likely Yeniseian people from the Southern branch (Ket is Northern), active in China in the fourth century and possibly related to the Huns

[@gamermapper]

Fun fact : the name "Tungus" has actually somewhat become a slur and a dated term against the people who are now known as the Evenki. However it's obvious still used for the larger language and ethnic category.

[@senecavermeulen8110]

@@gamermapper similar to the siouan languages; sioux comes from an ojibwe word for ‘snake.’ the otherwise antiquated term ‘eskimo’ survives as an umbrella term for inuit and yupik languages. a ton of native american languages have this issue, but it’s a bit harder for people to virtue-signal about it when the terms were originally used as slurs by other native americans.

[@gamermapper]

@@senecavermeulen8110 yeah it's just that in the English speaking world people know much more about what terms are offensive to them than to Russian speakers and vice versa. Although unfortunately there's also a tendency of English speakers to think that the whole world needs to care and cater to them and reject what's offensive to them.

[@gamermapper]

@@senecavermeulen8110 there's also the word Mordva which might or might not be a slur, in any case it's an inaccurate term because the Moksha and Erzya people self-identity as two different peoples with two different languages.

[@vadimheldar]

You deserve all the likes for this work. Спасибо!

[@brettsh.2545]

Bro this was awesome. Thanks! Followed.

[@JuanYusteDelValle]

Language nerd and native Basque speaker here. The Ket number system really brought me back cause we do something similar of counting by sets of 20 ( so 30 would be 20+10, 40 2x20, 50 is 2x20+10 and so on) but nothing as wild as 8 and 9 being 10-1 or 2

[@LuisAldamiz]

Aupa zu! That would be vigesimal system, which is somewhat common (although in Europe it's probably legacy of ancient Vasconic substrate), it does not explain the substraction counting part, which to me only reminded of the Roman numerals (IV, IX, etc.), although these seem to be just a writing convention probably caused by the difficulty of quickly discerning III from IIII.

[@gormanls]

Oh neat. I know the Basque language is quite unique. The Basque people are such an interesting group.

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@gormanls - Well, if you're European, especially Western European, you're mostly Basque (or Basque-like) in terms genetic and your ancestors spoke Basque-like languages. Not so exotic, just old.

[@LGrian]

Thank you for bringing awareness to this! Language diversity loss is a tragedy. I myself have an Irish parent whose family all spoke Irish until 2 generations ago but now not one of our family speaks fluently. It is tragic how even a century of more after the intentional eradication of culture ends the fall out persists for generations. On the other hand, the revival of the Hebrew language is a wonderful thing. I wish that I had been raised with both, but sadly my parents were convinced that exclusively English was best for my learning. They feel differently now but it’s so hard to learn as an adult

[@japi2k9]

Are you planning to attend an adult language immersion program in Gaelic?

[@Shanti377]

It is not late to learn Irish and the language is not so extra difficult, Indoeuripean. As a Lithuanian I know that many most advanced people of our nation spoke Polish at home and leart Lihuanian when they created our independen country in 1918. Similar process is going now in Ukraine when people are dropping Russian they spoke before war.

[@johng4093]

My take is young people naturally want to speak the language of a larger group rather than be limited to a smaller group of speakers.

[@bonjourtmr]

Love your work! Such a great value

[@kylieungewitter4850]

I thoroughly enjoyed this whole video. You do an amazing job at keeping us entertained and being insanely educational at the same time. I appreciate your passion for knowledge and your drive to teach what you find out. Don't ever stop! We need more knowledge and more people who love to teach it in this world!

[@sifridbassoon]

your videos are fascinating! they bring all my old linguistics classes back in the 80s before I sold out and went into IT.

[@gamermapper]

Lol I'm actually the opposite XD! I was in IT for some time but now I'm in linguistics! 😊 And I don't even hate IT, I'm still good at it and somewhat like it! It's just that the college course for IT made me isolated and lonely, not enough socialisation and also the people were to boring :( But in any way, we're both proofs that social sciences and hard sciences don't have to be against one another! ☺️

[@austrianpainter42069]

I wanted to become a linguist but at the last moment went into IT. If I was born in a normal country where IT wasn't one of the only viable options I'd study linguistics or philosophy

[@gamermapper]

@@austrianpainter42069 it's still possible to get interested in linguistics and study it like my watching videos on the Internet etc even when you're not studying it!

[@dasarath5779]

awesome video. the proto basque bit was hilarious! i noticed that the finnic (and uralic) words for 8 and 9, kahdeksan/kaheksa and yhdeksän/üheksa, have the same idea as the ket words for 8 and 9. the uralic words have been reconstructed as 10-2 and 10-1

[@MrBikeagraman]

I thoroughly enjoyed your video. It is very informative. I have subscribed to your channel as a result. Keep up the good work.

[@danijel4681]

This is the first video I watched from this channel - subscribed .

[@bothnianwaves7483]

23:00 The etymology of numerals 8 and 9 in the Baltic-Finnic languages is similar. I'm not sure about other Uralic languages. Here below is an example for Finnish. 1. 'yksi', some cases begin 'yhd-'. 2. 'kaksi', some cases begin 'kah-'. 8. 'kahdeksan', which is explained as simplification of 'kaksi deksaan', meaning 'two to ten'. 9. 'yhdeksän', which is explained as simplification of 'yksi deksaan', meaning 'one to ten'. 'Deksa' is an indo-european loan, not used otherwise in Finnish. Compare to Russian 'desyat' or Greek 'deka'.

[@Kangsteri]

Jännä. It might refer to hex and hexadecimal, old Chinese counting system.

[@Vortex-yn2tt]

this pattern is also present within the numerals of the Ainu languages! 1. "sinep" 2. "tup" .. 8. "tupesanpe" 9. "sinepesanpe"

[@troelspeterroland6998]

kahde- and yhde- must be the weak stadium forms of the roots in kaksi and yksi, so the second element can only be ksa/ksä-.

[@InforSpirit]

How did I miss this connection. It must be that these words are banged to the mind from so young age that even etymologist lover miss the connection, and define it as primitive as they come. yhden = owned by one kahden = owned by two More likely it is amalgamation of number + some relatio word /-suffix or prefix + old word for ten. dexa is too odd to be in so primitive low number that has been usefull over thousands of years to be replaces by latin loan word. in Estonian end is -ksa and ten is kümme in Same end is -sie and ten is luhkie (many similar dialects)

[@Kangsteri]

Seems like the old counting system was based on sextant, way to measure space and used for navigation.

[@tedgemberling2359]

I suppose we have to assume that Ket people didn't need to count to 40 in the distant past. I remember a missionary saying that in some language he encountered, starting about 5 they just said "plenty." He taught them to count more accurately or they would be cheated by outsiders.

[@cathjj840]

Someone above said the 40 was the unit used in the fur trade: bundles of squirrel and some other small animal furs. Furs were the Tsarist Russian colonizers' "gold" extracted from the indigenous peoples they subjugated and contributed greatly to the rulers' fabulous wealth.

[@Hellinophilos]

This is a truly magnificent video, Shawn. Very well researched, very informative, full of infectious enthusiasm. I love your videos and admire the amount of work behind them. I promise, I'll never tread on your lawn. Never.

[@LENIN990]

Saving this to watch later. Absolutely fascinating intro. Wow! Thanks

[@yariko9616]

Это было очень интересно! Спасибо за проделанную работу:)

[@bakklajohn]

Thank you for this fascinating overview! By the way, as a native Russian speaker I’ve never realized that 40 doesn’t really follow the general pattern 😅

[@artfavinger6452]

Absolutely fascinating! I had the pleasure of taking classes with Ed Vajda. Thank you!

[@cyrusneese3264]

Just subscribed. Definitely the most entertaining and accessible linguistic video I’ve seen

[@nickzardiashvili624]

Fascinating video, extremely interesting! Thank you for all the effort! One small question: apart from other oddities about Ket's number system, I've never heard of any language using subtraction in their numbers. It's not a thing in any language I speak. Is it a common thing in world languages overall or something more exceptional.

[@Rom3_29]

This’s very interesting. DNA research between these language groups equally fascinating. Especially, if unusual Basque language might be related to rare Siberian language group. Ket sounds very much like Native American speech.

[@lindavigil4908]

Shawn, I really enjoy ur videos! Brilliant!

[@marinavigil5270]

Great video, thank you, youre awesome. Cant believe how you do it I watch it all so totally entertained. This is the 1st time I watch a video of you. Congrats you really love languages.

[@sproutgod1701]

I’m from two nations on the PNW, and have been learning both of them most of my life to a small extent, though over the last few years I’ve been trying learning them more along with surrounding languages to try and become an endangered language polyglot

[@the.real.omar.707]

Amazing. So sad though. The amount of lost information about all indigenous languages is so horribly sad.

[@mikeyrose4183]

A lot if it is locked in the Vatican.

[@AbesYoutube]

Another language lover who appreciates what you do. ❤ Keep up the good work. 👍

[@LloydsofRochester]

This video won you a new subscriber! I also don't like to watch long videos because they tend to bore me, but this one had me hooked all the way through. Nerd out!

[@codece172-ak2]

С большим удовольствием выслушал все, что вы рассказали и показали. Действительно интересная и очень объемная работа! Я могу добавить немного информации в качестве контекста, о котором вы говорите в конце видео. Не так давно я открыл для себя удивительную фолк-поп группу Otyken, состоящую из представителей малочисленных народов Сибири: чулымцев, кетов, селькупов, хакасов и долган (основатель группы - русский), в основном проживающих в Красноярском крае в районе верхнего течения реки Чулым (приток Оби). Чулымцы являются продуктом ассимиляции кетов и селькупов пришлыми тюрками. Чулымцы, хакасы и долгане говорят на языках тюркской языковой семьи. Религиозные взгляды населения - сложная смесь тэнгрианства, шаманизма и христианства, с которым его познакомили, очевидно, русские старообрядцы. Интересна и смесь музыкальных инструментов, и музыкальные техники. Например, Otyken используют "монгольское" горловое пение. Участники группы рассказывают о себе, что считают себя потомками предков древнейшего населения Японии - айнов, а также американских индейцев. У них есть песня, посвященная Японии, а одну из солисток даже зовут Хаккайдо (сравни с названием острова Хоккайдо). В 2022 группа получила премию американской киноакадемии" Грэмми" за композицию Genesis (лично мне больше всего нравится их песня Phenomenon). Творчество группы уникально своей близостью к природе и культуре коренного населения Сибири и очень популярно как в Красноярском крае России, так и в Дальнем зарубежье. Что касается мухоморов, то природные галюциногены, содержащиеся в них, входили в состав напитков, применяемых во многих древних "священных/духовных" практиках. Вероятно, любители "единства с природой" и "измененных состояний сознания" ищут способы соединения того и другого (и, предполагаю, с музыкой в стилях фолк-рок, транс, рэйв). kzbin.info/www/bejne/ZmqvioVomKatr6c

[@efowlermail]

Way cool🎉😅❤❤

[@vermicelledecheval5219]

Looking to this video I had a vision where an apache warrior with his eagle feathers would appear at this Kellog village of the yenesei river in front of the kets and then saying "lets talk... We have much to discuss"... Kets understanding all of it of course and answering "was your journey back not too tiring ?" 💞

[@DaisyG33]

Fascinating and succinct explanation. Love your delivery! Thanks!

[@torgnyhedstrom3033]

Excellent video (as usual)!

[@devine.1819]

I was just thinking about Shawn's videos yesterday and how I couldn't wait for the next one! This was incredibly interesting to listen to at my boring desk job today. Seriously, I wasn't bored at a single point while watching. Siberian languages are so fascinating to learn not just the mechanics but also the history of. Thank you for making this thorough, long, and entertaining video!

[@rhorho6538]

Your accent when pronouncing various russian words is on on point and it makes the whole video so much more enjoyable.

[@that_orange_hat]

He is Russian

[@rosomak8244]

Not really. It's not bad, but not on point.

[@HumansRDumbAndEvil]

Bruh.....as a fellow language nerd, I was already in love at your description of the number system of Ket. This is a sexy language 🤤 You know what...this is the first video of this channel I've ever seen, but this is too good. I'm subbing. 😁

[@MariaWalker-qo3vi]

I stumbled on your channel, saw your name, LOVED IT, and had to stay and see if your content is as awesome. :)

[@urkiddingme6254]

That was way over my head, having never studied languages, but I could grasp the part where you discussed their numbering system. It's interesting that, as wild as it is, it's still a base 10 system. Coming at it from a computing background with different base-2, base-8, etc ways of doing math, that was fascinating. I wonder if the unique names stopping at 7 has any symbolic/religious significance- such as 7 being a symbol of completeness. (P.S. I'm only here because KZbin lobbed it over the fence to me.)

[@myggggeneration]

t reminded me a lot of Roman numerals.

[@urkiddingme6254]

Good observation. Where the Romans had VI, for example, meaning 5+1, these people did similar combos instead of having a unique number/name for everything. I guess we do that too, though. Ex., we say 21 meaning twenty + one. Really quite fascinating isn't it?. @@myggggeneration

[@petrmacek2763]

Wow, amazing! Thank you! Concerning the "river at tent" stuff, I have found something similar in Hebrew: A bottle full of beer is in Hebrew literally: "A bottle full in beer". It makes me crazy to get used to saying bottle in beer instead beer in bottle. :-D

[@Shoehazer]

This is the most interesting topic to me and I'm really glad someone is finally covering it.

[@TangerineCreamsickle]

I have been blessed by the algorithm to have seen this wonderful video!

[@alainaaugust1932]

The parallels with various Native American nations are clear. The Siberian chum became the plains tepee. Those weird protective spirit dolls you coveted to protect your home? Available in the American southwest as kachina dolls, Hopi spirit dolls. The photos you showed of the Ket might easily be mistaken for their descendants (?) at an American pow-wow dance last weekend-complete with fringe or fancy cuff and headbands. The photo at 18:22-she’s all set for the big pow-wow and may have won best dressed! Siberian shamans were disappeared by Moscow but are still present as teachers of tradition in many of the North American Nations-nations, not “tribes.” And spirit animal protectors are seen in the naming of Bear Clan, Eagle Clan, Wolf Clan, etc. A well-researched video, thanks.

[@Shashjosh1100]

You might be getting a little carried away. “Spirit dolls” are common the world over, and katchinas originated in the southwest. But yes overall there was much movement back then. But you would be crediting all of those items to the Athabaskan speakers while other linguistic groups and cultural groups have migrations that come from the south in Mexico towards the north

[@navi8792]

Regarding the lack of 40 in the counting system of Ket people, maybe you should search in the language traditions of Chinese, Koreans (and Japanese) and other Asian/Far East/Siberian people. In these cultures number 4 (and eventually 40) is indeed a cursed number meaning "death" . The people of those cultures try to avoid anything that has to do with this number including e.g. not to live in 4th floor (or40th) or even better not to name/designate a floor of a building as 4th. It is considered very bad luck if something that includes a 4 will happen to you.

[@allie1953]

Whereas 8 is very lucky! 😃

[@redwhiskey1]

Oh My goodness gracious! I love love LOVE Tarkovsky!!! I had no idea about his son's documentary! This is going to be an absolute jewel! Thank you so very much! Like. I'm literally weeping. TYSVM

[@randyspotts5069]

This was a great adventure. Thanks for sharing!

[@CookieFonster]

this is a wonderful video! i absolutely did not expect that this one particular language of russia would be so unique and fascinating. i hope that once this video gains russian subtitles, the kets themselves will learn about their language and gain the motivation to revive it. the part where you mention stalin was such a gut punch. it's probably how the kets themselves felt about becoming yet another victim of language discrimination. i had to chuckle when you said that the most exciting part about ket is its grammar, because most people do not enjoy the learning nitty-gritty details of even their own language's grammar. but at the same time, it's really cool that you're so passionate about the grammar of obscure languages. 22:20 - if i didn't know better, i would've guessed this was a native american language. i really can see the similarities based on the little i know about those languages.

[@user-yl5jm8np5d]

Какая наивность.

[@muninnodinnsraven4193]

the only link between the old and new world? there are Inuit languages that cross the straight as well, don't leave them out :) Also, you read my mind, I've been researching this topic a lot recently myself! Great video

[@LuisAldamiz]

And actually Na-Dené, which seem to be a second wave into America (the first one being the linguistically controversial grouping Amerind and the third one being the Inuit, a very recent one), are the only ones who do not carry almost exclusive Y-DNA Q1 but are generally dominated by another patrilineage: C2. So the alleged genetic link he mentions is not really there, more so if we understand that Q1 has been lingering in North and NE Asia since the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic (with Q as such being rather from further south, probably Iran). Q appears in North China Neolithic (at least two different populations dominated by it), in one sample of Iron Age Xiongnu (proto-Huns, i.e. proto-Turkics surely) and it's common in some Siberian populations like the Turkic-speaking Sakha or Yakuts, as well as in a key hub of various populations (proto-Amerinds, Tocharians and later Turkics) as is Altai.

[@tonyfowler915]

Thanks Shawn. A excellent, most interesting vid for any interested in linguistics and relationships between diversified ethnic groups.

[@petergomez6991]

This was amazing! Thank you!

[@pr7049]

Very inspiring video😌👍I have wondered the cultural similarities of native americans and finno-ugric peoples like sauna, bear cult, tiipii etc. This might be the explanation.

[@user-gt3yz4tb8g]

This is so facinating !!! I have always wondered about this connection and if there was linguistic evidence. I am learning Ukrainian and Corok (sorok in russian) is the same, means 40 and not related to any other number. I ran into a factoid about that somewhere that the word corok was extremely ancient and described a measurement of salt that was traded throughout Siberia and the steppes. I think specifically it was a bundle of 40 chunks of salt. Its so interesting that that specific amount was standardized and I wonder if it was enough to say, get through a month of winter or preserve a specific amount of meat. Whatever it was the word has a direct connection to ancient survival economics, as it was likely traded as a currency. This kind of makes sense because I'm thinking of what I can get with a 5 dollar bill, and how that amount does not change, but what I can get with it does. So 5 dollars as a concept does not change much in modern times the same way a corok of salt would not change over hunderds of years. They still needed salt to survive, as I still need that 5 dollars. *and take this comment with a grain of salt because I can't find the source I read that from! If anyone has more info please reply!

[@cyanofelis]

Usually I have to speed up videos to endure them, but yours are perfectly paced.

[@marthajulian7064]

Sean, this video is absolutely fascinating. You are a remarkable young man. I was educated and fascinated at the same time. Why aren't we taught these things in school and ehy are dome teachers do boring when it comes to language and history and anthropology??? Thank you so much for your content. You are amazing 😁👍💙