The STANDARD MODEL: A Theory of (almost) EVERYTHING Explained

[@informaldeviant7751]

So eloquently explained, yet I still have no understanding of this. Which is why I love the universe. Absolutely beautiful! 🤘🏼

[@samsonau8205]

I will never have the math skills to understand this, but these visualizations help me ground all the ideas involved and try to pick out errors/misunderstandings/misinformation when I listen to other videos or discussions. My strength is bio and chem, with a smattering of physics at the university level. Today, add on logic/programming. What I do is listen for consistencies between different video or scientific presenters and hope they don't overstate things by highlighting the limits and identifying where we really are in research. Avrin Ash does a pretty good job of that in a fairly serious tone. I do enjoy NDT as well, but some of the humorous stuff detracts from me trying to dive deeper as he aims more at Joe-public rather than the enthusiasts or experts in other non-physics fields.

[@Grandunifiedcelery]

The Standard Model Lagrangian (4-line version) is explained perfectly! Thank you so much!

[@Grandunifiedcelery]

I saved this video on my playlist.

[@atharvmm9805]

@@Grandunifiedcelery me too !!

[@route61jen]

@@atharvmm9805 me too💗

[@Grandunifiedcelery]

@@atharvmm9805 I made a similar video, but it's not as good as the one he made💖

[@fakhruddinnalawala5451]

Can someone explain how does light interfere with itself/other light, if photons don't interact with other photons?

[@vicioustide]

Discoveries to unveil: Electron is made of the same components of a Proton, just smaller, this is why a Neutron splits into a Proton and an Electron. Also, a photon is an energized electron moving near the speed of light by means of a rotating triple layered braided wave guide with the outer layer being whichever medium the photon is traveling through. Typically it traverses through our visible universe of energy with a normal coating like outer wave layer, but this wave coating changes to a dark energy when entering a black hole (or a dark matter star's medium of space). Also, in the equations equate "Strong Nuclear Force " to a Gravity B force that resides in the proton neutron vaccinity until it is amplified as it resides on the EM spectrum, with gravity A force as the normally very weak force found every where else.

[@eduverse1948]

This is called the Standard Model Equation. It explains 3 fundamental forces of the Universe, Strong Nuclear Force, Weak Nuclear Force, Electromagnetic Force, except Gravity. It describes properties like mass, charge and spin of elementary particles. Different terms in this equation represent different groups of particles. It has 5 sections. The first section describes the interactions between Gluons, the particles which hold Quarks together inside nucleons i.e protons and neutrons. Section 2 describes the interactions between W and Z bosons. Section 3 describes the interaction of particles with the Weak Force and the Higgs Field. Section 4 and 5 describe particle interactions with ghost particles. Ghost particles can make or break symmetries.

[@hyperduality2838]

Bosons are dual to Fermions -- spin statistics theorem. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality. 6 quarks, 6 leptons, 6 force carriers (Higgs, photon, gluon, Z, W+, W-) -- The standard model. The ancient teachings state that the number 666 is the number of the beast! Quarks are dual to leptons, quarks are dual to gluons. Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialect. The proton (thesis) is dual to the electron (anti-thesis) synthesizes the photon or pure energy -- atomic duality. Force carriers or Bosons are by-products of conserving duality! Pure energy is created or synthesized from conserving duality! Electro is dual to magnetic -- Maxwell's equations, electro-magnetic energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- electric fields. North poles are dual to south poles -- magnetic fields. Energy is duality, duality is energy! Pure energy or photons, light are dual. Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy, gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac newton. Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry! Lagrangian equations conserve duality (energy). Symmetry is dual to conservation -- the duality of Noether's theorem. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@greninjadark-cu3qt]

What about the phonon (quantum of lattice vibration) and plasmon (quantum of plasma oscillation). I think they are not fundamental forces and are "quasi" particles but still they are "elementary particles" cause they don't composed of smaller particles.

[@parasdahia8343]

I don't understand much in this, but still listening him interestingly.

[@2V1ggo]

I understand it and I’m only 12 years old

[@jakublizon6375]

You will. It just takes time, and an insatiable curiosity of how reality works.

[@deivid6774]

@@2V1ggo Wow!

[@kakalibhattacherjee27]

@@2V1ggo It's really very easy to say you understand.The credit goes to Arvin Ash But when you really get into these equations, everything seems blank. There are many great stories and sacrifices in every single term of this equation.... But still salute your curiosity.

[@2V1ggo]

@@kakalibhattacherjee27 yeah ik but thx

[@maxsteele3686]

I’ve followed your channel for a couple years now. You know how they say that you don’t truly know something unless you can teach it in simple terms to a layperson? I’ve always thought you excel at that, and represent the true innovation of the internet: free access to all the information of the human race. The names of your videos, ie the topics that you teach, are always so exciting bc I know that I’ll be learning something knew about a topic I absolutely love. They’re never too simple, and they’re never too complicated. I won’t pretend that I can suddenly understand and solve the mathematical and physic formulas like the ones in this video, but having someone just break down and explain a formula in their elementary parts, I feel like I gain a respect for the smartest and most intelligent discoveries made by humans to explain the universe at the very large (general relativity) and the universe of the very small (quantum mechanics). I’ve actually felt so inspired by this and other amazing science KZbin channels that I am going back to college and trying to major in one of these fields. So thank you. I feel excited for life when I wake up everyday and embark on the journey of acquiring new knowledge. Sorry if this has sounded cheesy.

[@catoleg]

Such a good comment. You described exactly what I think and feel.

[@dr.jamesolack8504]

You explained yourself perfectly. I know how you feel.

[@slapmeisterrecords8226]

What about reading a textbook on the subject. Jesus, you honestly believe YT videos will help you graduate? What a waste of entropy

[@dr.jamesolack8504]

@@slapmeisterrecords8226 I graduated over 50 years ago, my friend.

[@slapmeisterrecords8226]

@@dr.jamesolack8504 right fellow PhD. Why do you infer this comment was aimed at you and not the "cheesy" OT

[@Arcane-Magician]

There are only 3 professions that use imaginary numbers: mathematicians, quantum physicists and..... accountants ;)

[@hyperduality2838]

"Imagination is more important than knowledge" -- Einstein. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- spin statistics theorem. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality. 6 quarks, 6 leptons, 6 force carriers (Higgs, photon, gluon, Z, W+, W-) -- The standard model. The ancient teachings state that the number 666 is the number of the beast! Quarks are dual to leptons, quarks are dual to gluons. Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialect. The proton (thesis) is dual to the electron (anti-thesis) synthesizes the photon or pure energy -- atomic duality. Force carriers or Bosons are by-products of conserving duality! Pure energy is created or synthesized from conserving duality! Electro is dual to magnetic -- Maxwell's equations, electro-magnetic energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- electric fields. North poles are dual to south poles -- magnetic fields. Energy is duality, duality is energy! Pure energy or photons, light are dual. Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy, gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac newton. Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry! Lagrangian equations conserve duality (energy). Symmetry is dual to conservation -- the duality of Noether's theorem. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@alphalunamare]

@@hyperduality2838 Why do you assume that they are Dual? Doesn't Dualism imply that calculations based upon the one system imply and reflect calculations in the other? It is implicit that the dual systems are equivalent and are mere different representations of the same. So you are stating that Fermions and Bosons are just different views of the same underlying 'thing'. I am not sure that that is reasonable. Noether's theorem shows a correspondence between various Conservation Laws and Symmetry but this is patently not Dualism. You could say that Lebesgue Integration is the Dual of Measure Theory and be correct whilst being totally wrong if you were to suggest the same for Riemannian Integration. Simply put: Dualism is not duplicitous.

[@alphalunamare]

maybe I meant ubiquitous?

[@NatCo-Supremacist]

@@hyperduality2838 duality is a stupid philosophical concept that wastes intellectual energy.

[@hyperduality2838]

@@alphalunamare Symmetry leads to conservation, they are the same thing or equivalent or dual. Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality). Integration is dual to differentiation. Union is dual to intersection. Homology is dual to co-homology. Positive is dual to negative. Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in geometry. The time domain is dual to the frequency domain -- Fourier analysis. Bosons & Fermions are made out of energy and energy = duality! The ancient teachings = philosophy. God (thesis) is dual to the Christ Consciousness (anti-thesis) synthesizes the holy/spirit or the mind/soul. Christianity is actually based upon duality and not triality or trinity. The council of Nicaea in 325 AD was set up to answer the question, is the Christ consciousness the same substance as God or a different substance? Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. Is it coincidence that the number 666 is also expressed in the standard model of physics? Was this just a lucky guess? Is this evidence of Alien contact or guidance thousands of years ago? Questions are dual to answers. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. The intellectual mind/soul (concepts) is dual to the sensory mind/soul (percepts) -- the mind duality of Thomas Aquinas. Duality creates reality.

[@anarakberov7173]

It's the best explanation that I have ever watched

[@jacobvandijk6525]

"BEST" means only "COMPATIBLE WITH YOUR IQ"

[@petergebbie2853]

Arvin, Just as your series title suggests, you have an amazing ability to take the most complex ideas and break them down into understandable bite-size pieces! Well done and keep up your terrific work!

[@pyne1976]

A good follow up video would be a visual guide to the standard model, possibly animating how the fermions and bosons interact/ decay. Great video as always Arvin.

[@ArvinAsh]

Good idea. Thanks!

[@hyperduality2838]

Bosons are dual to Fermions -- spin statistics theorem. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality. 6 quarks, 6 leptons, 6 force carriers (Higgs, photon, gluon, Z, W+, W-) -- The standard model. The ancient teachings state that the number 666 is the number of the beast! Quarks are dual to leptons, quarks are dual to gluons. Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialect. The proton (thesis) is dual to the electron (anti-thesis) synthesizes the photon or pure energy -- atomic duality. Force carriers or Bosons are by-products of conserving duality! Pure energy is created or synthesized from conserving duality! Electro is dual to magnetic -- Maxwell's equations, electro-magnetic energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- electric fields. North poles are dual to south poles -- magnetic fields. Energy is duality, duality is energy! Pure energy or photons, light are dual. Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy, gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac newton. Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry! Lagrangian equations conserve duality (energy). Symmetry is dual to conservation -- the duality of Noether's theorem. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@steriledial]

@Hyperduality When you say, “The ancient teachings state that the number 666 is the number of the beast !“ My understanding of the biblical number of 6 is that it represented heavenly imperfection. The number 7 signifying heavenly perfection, and 3 signifying earthly completion. The 3 six’s illustrated an earthly reach towards (a mythological) heavenly perfection, and falling short of it. Simply symbolic. Can I ask, do you honestly think that there was a hidden deeper scientific knowledge in a book, full of scientific inaccuracies and contradictions, that we should pay attention to? Just a civil and curious enquiry, nothing antagonist meant I might add. It’s intriguing to understand thought processes.

[@hyperduality2838]

@@steriledial The ancient teachings = philosophy. The bible is a small part of ancient history passed down to us. God (thesis) is dual to the Christ Consciousness (anti-thesis) synthesizes the holy/spirit or the mind/soul. Christianity is actually based upon duality and not triality or trinity. The council of Nicaea in 325 AD was set up to answer the question, is the Christ consciousness the same substance as God or a different substance? Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero. Is it coincidence that the number 666 is also expressed in the standard model of physics? Was this just a lucky guess? Is this evidence of Alien contact or guidance thousands of years ago? Questions are dual to answers. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. The intellectual mind/soul (concepts) is dual to the sensory mind/soul (percepts) -- the mind duality of Thomas Aquinas. Duality creates reality.

[@LukePluto]

this was really well done and was at the perfect level of depth for me, thank you!

[@kostuek]

Well, we figured out quite a lot, although mostly in a pure descriptive way. If you go ahead and ask those equations: "Why has the mass of an electron this exact very value?" there will be no answer. In fact, you need to take this value from an experiment and insert it in your calculations, or the whole thing will fall apart. So there is still quite a lot to learn, which is nice.

[@manuelmartinez-gq4ij]

Great work, though I feel a bit overwhelmed by the math I usually watch these videos at least twice to try and get the general understanding. I’m generally an intuitive life form and can get lost in thought over what we have learned but really love expanding the mind over what we don’t. Thank you for your work it’s really appreciated!

[@hyperduality2838]

Bosons are dual to Fermions -- spin statistics theorem. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality. 6 quarks, 6 leptons, 6 force carriers (Higgs, photon, gluon, Z, W+, W-) -- The standard model. The ancient teachings state that the number 666 is the number of the beast! Quarks are dual to leptons, quarks are dual to gluons. Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialect. The proton (thesis) is dual to the electron (anti-thesis) synthesizes the photon or pure energy -- atomic duality. Force carriers or Bosons are by-products of conserving duality! Pure energy is created or synthesized from conserving duality! Electro is dual to magnetic -- Maxwell's equations, electro-magnetic energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- electric fields. North poles are dual to south poles -- magnetic fields. Energy is duality, duality is energy! Pure energy or photons, light are dual. Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy, gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac newton. Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry! Lagrangian equations conserve duality (energy). Symmetry is dual to conservation -- the duality of Noether's theorem. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@slimshady6597]

@@hyperduality2838 Religious nutjob. What has Yoda to do with the bs you're preaching here??

[@vibaj16]

SlimShady Yoda doesn’t exist. That’s the connection

[@hyperduality2838]

@@slimshady6597 Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to to non-teleological physics (entropy). The conservation of duality (energy) will be known as the 5th law of thermodynamics! Energy is duality, duality is energy -- generalized duality. Electro is dual to magnetic -- electro-magnetic energy or light (pure energy) is dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. All energy is inherently dual. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Duality creates reality! Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. "The Force" = duality, the Jedi worship duality! Fear is dual to anger, anger is dual to hate, hate is dual to suffering -- the Yoda dualities.

[@hyperduality2838]

@@vibaj16 You should listen to Yoda! Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to to non-teleological physics (entropy). The conservation of duality (energy) will be known as the 5th law of thermodynamics! Energy is duality, duality is energy -- generalized duality. Electro is dual to magnetic -- electro-magnetic energy or light (pure energy) is dual. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual. All energy is inherently dual. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Duality creates reality! Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. "The Force" = duality, the Jedi worship duality! Fear is dual to anger, anger is dual to hate, hate is dual to suffering -- the Yoda dualities. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. You're mind/brain is creating dualities according to the metaphysic of Immanuel Kant et al.

[@vedantsridhar8378]

Am I the only one who thought Arvin Ash was going to introduce Magellan Tv at 1:59 when he said "Before we get into the math........". Great video Arvin Ash, this fantastic idea of a theory of everything is one of the reasons why I want to become a physicist in the future.

[@ArvinAsh]

haha...I thought that's what some people might think. I only realized it after I cut the video. I bet you're not the only one.

[@Bobbias]

@@ArvinAsh I didn't even think about it, but as soon as I saw the comment I realized a lot of people probably would lol

[@zeropain9319]

Too complicated for me but good reference to come back to later as my understanding grows.

[@hyperduality2838]

Bosons are dual to Fermions -- spin statistics theorem. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality. 6 quarks, 6 leptons, 6 force carriers (Higgs, photon, gluon, Z, W+, W-) -- The standard model. The ancient teachings state that the number 666 is the number of the beast! Quarks are dual to leptons, quarks are dual to gluons. Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialect. The proton (thesis) is dual to the electron (anti-thesis) synthesizes the photon or pure energy -- atomic duality. Force carriers or Bosons are by-products of conserving duality! Pure energy is created or synthesized from conserving duality! Electro is dual to magnetic -- Maxwell's equations, electro-magnetic energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- electric fields. North poles are dual to south poles -- magnetic fields. Energy is duality, duality is energy! Pure energy or photons, light are dual. Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy, gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac newton. Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry! Lagrangian equations conserve duality (energy). Symmetry is dual to conservation -- the duality of Noether's theorem. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@hyperduality2838]

@Krishikesh Wagh Orthodox is dual to heterodox. The soul is dual to the non-soul. Being is dual to non-being creates becoming -- Plato. Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic. Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!

[@EKDupre]

That's the spirit!

[@leon_noel1687]

Thank you, I´m just learning General Relativity, so some of the notation was familiar to me. This gave me such a high motivation to accelerate my learning!!!

[@bastadtroll8922]

you can learn gr in like a few days. I mean i lgot the bulk of it in a few hours from youtube videos. What blows my mind is the schrodinger equation.

[@mmmmukiltraining8894]

@@bastadtroll8922 gr in a few days ? Better be joking

[@humeanrgmnt7367]

@@bastadtroll8922 Is it possible Einstein made an error, and science/math just hasn't caught it yet?

[@proteg30]

@@bastadtroll8922 Bro think he understands GR from YT vids LMAOOOOOOO

[@bastadtroll8922]

​@@proteg30 listen thats not even the crazy part. I did it with my eyes half open whilst nodding off to sleep. I dont want to blow my own trumpet but i reclkon if i went to uni and studied this i would have invented the time machine by now

[@mayankbhaisora2699]

You explain everything very well but I still couldn’t understand it 😂

[@stfu_trash95]

Same.. I watched 10 minutes and 39 seconds only to realize how stupid I am

[@mayankbhaisora2699]

@@stfu_trash95 yeah bro... same feelings... 🤯overwhelmed

[@valentinmalinov8424]

This is because there is a separate explanation for each phenomenon, but all these explanations are not compatible. There is a new book, which is ticking all the boxes of the requirements for the needed Theory - "Theory of Everything in Physics and The Universe"

[@stfu_trash95]

@@valentinmalinov8424 good to know I'll definitely give this book a go!!!

[@hyperduality2838]

Bosons are dual to Fermions -- spin statistics theorem. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality. 6 quarks, 6 leptons, 6 force carriers (Higgs, photon, gluon, Z, W+, W-) -- The standard model. The ancient teachings state that the number 666 is the number of the beast! Quarks are dual to leptons, quarks are dual to gluons. Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialect. The proton (thesis) is dual to the electron (anti-thesis) synthesizes the photon or pure energy -- atomic duality. Pure energy is created or synthesized from conserving duality! Electro is dual to magnetic -- Maxwell's equations, electro-magnetic energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- electric fields. North poles are dual to south poles -- magnetic fields. Energy is duality, duality is energy! Pure energy or photons, light are dual. Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy, gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac newton. Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry! Lagrangian equations conserve duality (energy). Symmetry is dual to conservation -- the duality of Noether's theorem. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@avnishhhhh]

just the explanation I needed. Explained beautifully

[@FunkyLoiso]

I'm interested in how physicists "feel" about standard model. For me it seems overly complicated, it's hard to believe, that this is the simplest description of reality. Lots of different particles, that do and do not interact with each other, some of which have antiparticles, the interactions depend on whether the particle spins to the right of to the left.. Just rules on rules on rules, like we are describing natural language and not basic reality, that spontaneously exists.

[@ArvinAsh]

Most physicists will tell you that it is the best and most accurate model of the universe we have ever hand.

[@ratbuddy4642]

Thanks for these awesome shows. I am glad someone takes the time to explain stuff without making it seem like its a gentleman's only club. I mean that can go both ways. Ignorance can be on both sides of knowledge and no knowledge. On a side thought, we all do our best to describe the universe both myth, science fiction or hard empirical science. But, in the end its the one that has the best results that stands closer to truth. Everything has its merits myth and science fiction as well. I think with out a dynamic dose of both we are truly lost.

[@issamelias1747]

Lovely & interesting, but incomprehensible for me, since I‘m a medical Dr. with a major in Philosophy. This shows me how complicated the world of existence is, with each human being having a part in deciphering the wonder of existence, & by finally carrying all parts of science together to make a coherent whole - & unified, & by saying all, I really mean all. - quantum physics, cosmology, mathematics , geometry ( Eucledian & non), chemistry, medicine, biology, philosophy, ....... & all other sciences in existence. But would us make more happy, would that knowledge bring us to other spheres or heights, & if so, what then. Still thank you for that clip which shows me my own ignorance, or as a philosopher once said „ I know that I do not know „ Thank you. ❤️

[@rmehta54]

Wow! You explained it so beautifully. I wish I had a teacher like you before I decided to drop physics. And now I wish there are more teachers like you so others can advance our knowledge. Thanks much Arvin.

[@vishekh]

The best 16 minutes of my day.

[@jacksondick2317]

I am interested and shocked, as a college student, I think I have to understang these equations one day.

[@bigbigblast]

Whenever Arvin says "Right now," and he points his finger I can't help but smile too. Then I feel like I'm fastening this invisible seat belt 'coz we're goin' places, baby.

[@danielackles4265]

My gratitude for your content is of great magnitude, and increases every time I see another video. Thank you so much!

[@m.alisiddiqui5802]

real hard work is done in explaining most difficult topic in simplified form

[@msislam6751]

Thanks for explaining intuitively so well.This will make the basic❤️.

[@vivekpatel3752]

I m an experimental physicist and will submi my thesis soon. We will have a theoretical physicist who is famous for asking to explain the SML .. thank you very much for this. It reduces all the effort I need to make to learn this

[@ArvinAsh]

Best of luck!

[@Rationalific]

This is an amazing video! You really laid it all out there in the best way possible. Of course, I don't understand it and the equation still seems like an alien language to me, but I've been able to understand in a general sense some of the things that it describes. Mainstream TV thinks people don't want to knw about these types of things, so they never have shows about it, or if they do, they dumb it down to the point where it's just more unsatisfying entertainment than true education. That's why people are turning away. I hope your channel, others like it, and those you promote like Magellan TV and The Great Courses Plus thrive. If they do, it will show that many people actually care about learning instead of mindless "reality" shows and other garbage.

[@ArvinAsh]

I totally get what you are saying!

[@Rationalific]

@@ArvinAsh 👍

[@SpotterVideo]

@@ArvinAsh Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity.

[@thingsiplay]

Almost "theory of everything" is like saying "almost the location of a point in space, we just miss the third dimension". Its hard to argue "almost", if an important factor as such the gravity is missing from the equation.

[@NortheastGamer]

It's easy to make that argument using your example: A postal address is a two dimensional value (doesn't take height into account) and is usually good enough to direct a traveler to the majority of places on Earth.

[@thingsiplay]

@@NortheastGamer But I was talking about a point in a room in 3D. Coordinates on the surface of the earth are 2D. You can't have the position of the earth in space by just giving a two dimensional coordinates. And the example shouldn't be taken too seriously, as I just wanted to illustrate the principle of missing important information itself. Missing gravity from the equation is a big deal.

[@shayangfkk7948]

Nice , you wrote the gamma matrices and used the slash notation in the fermion dynamic term .

[@TheOnlineBlackboard]

You paid very good attention, yes that indeed is a typo :-) the universe would however be much easier mathematically with this typo ;)

[@nemethdaniel6384]

@@TheOnlineBlackboard would it? A random index sticking out would rather complicate it. This "syntacs error" would give an index to the Lagrangian. :D

[@TheOnlineBlackboard]

@@nemethdaniel6384 Ahhh yeah. So in terms of indexes it would be fatal. But I was more thinking of the fact that you would just have two gamma matrices, and they would contract to one thus giving you a scalar interaction :) Thus, in this way it's simpler. You guys are so smart, do you also have a degree in physics? :D

[@nemethdaniel6384]

@@TheOnlineBlackboard I'm doing my PhD, my topic is Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) quantum gravity! :)

[@TheOnlineBlackboard]

@@nemethdaniel6384 Cool :-) I'm working on DM via the Higgs sector, and in particular on models which would fix the hierarchy problem and issues with the EWPT such that we get the right conditions for baryonic asymmetry :)

[@Kiki-qh7xk]

The best online class I found in youtube about the matter. Thank you.

[@labhsinghsaini3352]

Beautiful explanation of beautiful equation.

[@anthonyzavala7173]

If I knew more about the actual terms then I believe I would have definitely understood this due to how good the explanation was.

[@Sigmaairav]

what if the fabric of spacetime is a quantum field like the higgs, in which all gravitational effects could be explained? What if gravity wasn't actually a force so much as it was the effect of spacetime curving in the presence of mass?

[@ArvinAsh]

It probably is the latter, but the quantum theory behind it is missing.

[@humeanrgmnt7367]

@Michael Bishop What's gravity, and can you demonstrate your certainty?

[@frede1905]

Absolutely fantastic video. I have never seen a video before going into depth on the standard model Lagrangian. This must get to my list of equations I wish to more fully understand some time in my life!

[@hyperduality2838]

Bosons are dual to Fermions -- spin statistics theorem. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality. 6 quarks, 6 leptons, 6 force carriers (Higgs, photon, gluon, Z, W+, W-) -- The standard model. The ancient teachings state that the number 666 is the number of the beast! Quarks are dual to leptons, quarks are dual to gluons. Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialect. The proton (thesis) is dual to the electron (anti-thesis) synthesizes the photon or pure energy -- atomic duality. Force carriers or Bosons are by-products of conserving duality! Pure energy is created or synthesized from conserving duality! Electro is dual to magnetic -- Maxwell's equations, electro-magnetic energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- electric fields. North poles are dual to south poles -- magnetic fields. Energy is duality, duality is energy! Pure energy or photons, light are dual. Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy, gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac newton. Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry! Lagrangian equations conserve duality (energy). Symmetry is dual to conservation -- the duality of Noether's theorem. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@aryanbotre4949]

The speciality of his videos is that they answer a huge question simply and leave you with ten new questions!

[@ДмитрийМолчанов-о9с]

Hello) I have a question. According to the material presented, we are always talking about the sum of the components, which is logical, since everything is still reduced to entropy. Entropy is interpreted as a measure of the probability of a system being in a given state. So the more disorder, the more entropy should be. Any system gradually moves to its more probable state. Disorder in it increases, chaos grows, and therefore entropy increases. My main question is, does the dark matter and energy follow the same principle? Does the amount of dark matter and dark energy increase in proportion to the increase in ordinary matter in case of increased entropy?

[@ArvinAsh]

Good question. Dark energy does not appear to be influenced by amount of regular matter. Dark matter, although it is typically found in close proximity to regular matter, we don't know what it is or what link it has to regular matter, so hard to say.

[@ДмитрийМолчанов-о9с]

@@ArvinAsh Thank you for the quick answer! It is more clear with dark energy now, as it is not interacting with the matter, we simply can not take it into account. My point is, if we can measure the amount of dark matter in the standard model, why we can not measure the deviation of its amount in increasing entropy. It seems that it all goes to the possibility of observation of such deviation.

[@thomasposivy8003]

Liked it, explained the math really well 🙂

[@crystalgiddens7276]

you have a sickness

[@slapmeisterrecords8226]

Define "well"

[@jeancorriveau8686]

Good explanation of the imaginary number 'i'. Indeed, that number must not end up in the final physical result. Comes to mind Minkowski 4-space equation usually expressed as ds2 = (icdt)2 + dx2 + dy2 + dz2 dx, dy and dz can't be real since there exists no absolute frame of reference. So, the number 'i' should be present. Let's do that by multiplying by -1: -ds2 = -(icdt)2 - dx2 - dy2 - dz2 that is -ds2 = -(icdt)2 + (idx)2 + (idy)2 + (idz)2 or -ds2 = (cdt)2 + (idx)2 + (idy)2 + (idz)2 Time is now real as it must be. Time is equivalent to energy. Time goes by only with energy. The left-hand side -ds2 causes concern. It's like (ids)2. This is supposed to represent the space-time distance, an absolute value. However, the presence of 'i' means that it's not physical. So, we have time (energy) on the right side, clearly physical, but the left side is nonphysical. Minkowski's equation doesn't express reality, then. So, General relativity doesn't either. I've seen videos that claim that time causes gravitation. If by time is meant the one in Minkowski's equation, then GR has no physical reality.

[@SirChocula]

Like PBS-Spacetime, I come to this channel every now and then to humble myself in how little I actually know :)

[@darrenmarney8577]

Potentially Sir 😃 Your comment is the same path that i followed 🤣 Educational interaction opportunities of understanding & more questions 🤔

[@slapmeisterrecords8226]

Why do you feel you have to write this in the comments then. Just shut up and go back into your hole. What a waste of entropy

[@mr88cet]

A lot of accounts of the Standard Model seem to give the impression that “we’re almost there” with respect to unifying the fundamental forces, when in fact we only know for sure that two of them (EM and weak-nuclear) can be unified. It sometimes seems like we’ve been just *assuming* that the Strong Force can be unified into that, when in fact we’ve failed a few time to unify them, and in fact (best I understand it anyway) we don’t technically even have any concrete, specific reason to think unification is even possible!

[@tericklePlayer]

Almost is the most accurate words in the title. We knows very well that the theory of everything is strongly contested

[@moddquad8362]

I contest the word 'almost' as 85% of the universe is dark matter/energy. It's hard to claim a theory of everything when it only explains 15% of the universe.

[@frenzyneutrino1766]

A wonderful and beautifully explained video and I would like to point out that the term which gives coupling of force particles with matter particle @5:10 over there it should be just D instead of D dagger .

[@yasir4511]

You brilliantly sum up in a short video. Remarkable also it boosted my interest to know more! Thanks

I can recommend Sean Carrolls playlist "The Biggest Ideas in the Universe": kzbin.info/aero/PLrxfgDEc2NxZJcWcrxH3jyjUUrJlnoyzX

[@wernerviehhauser94]

I have the SM equation on a coffee cup, alongside Schrödingers and GR. Concentrated physics around dissolved caffein :-)

[@steriledial]

It’s contents being crucial first thing to understand your cup 😊 I have a cat on my cup. Oddly enough, when I turn it around, there is no cat

[@gravitonthongs1363]

Random fluctuations keep sending my coffee to strange locations around the office.

[@slapmeisterrecords8226]

Lol, muahahahaha, rofl, hihihihi

[@Earwaxfire909]

Beautifully inspiring and depressing. Great work!

[@TonyFDiego]

Simply an awesome explanation of our current understanding of the universe and in such a way that non-physicists and physicists alike can recognize and appreciate.

[@adisuyash]

Definitely not non-physicist 💀

[@sticksimulated]

this is next level

[@ochmanek]

I am a computer scientist and I can tell you that what you just showed in 13:19 looks to me like a decompiled code of some piece of software. The mathematical functions are the equivalent of high level programming language methods/functions. Math is simply a language that the physicists used to describe what is going on around us. This quite intuitive to me. What physics has done for the past century is this: they decompiled binary code of the universe into a high level programming language that we speak - in this case math. What is more likely to happen, just like in computer science, we are going to hit the limitations of the programming language. Every decade or so there is a new style of new generation/level of programming languages. I am afraid that in order to move on with physics we will need to speak different math. We will need to replace math with something better, a new math 2.0 or some sort of language that expresses physics better. All those functions showed on the screen are nothing else but a fragment of a bigger application. This application can be composed of millions of lines of code/functions. It is clear to me that physicists are writing programming code that would simulate how the universe works. This is just the beginning of this multimillion line program.

[@adamraiyan]

You don't know how much I waited for your uploads.

[@slapmeisterrecords8226]

Dude no one cares! Why you waste entropy here? Just go bacl into your hole

[@hqTheToaster]

Imagine if the solution is to say something Patrick would say but if he was a scientist: "Here's the problem, you're measuring Outerversal and Hyperversal as two separate things in relation to gravity, when you should be measuring the middle called Hyterversal!" I mean, hey, a new formula for pi came out; why not?

[@theklaus7436]

Frankly the math is beyond me- but I think I learn how to picture some of it in my mind. And this is due to all these science channels. But this so interesting and a true gift especially for the young people! And the impact can’t be overstated! 😊🎸

[@greninjadark-cu3qt]

This confuses me a little bit. I thought the positron "antiparticle of electron" is also included in the 2nd term of the standard model Lagrangian equation. The application is for electron-positron annihilation to create a photon. So the total Lagrangian, L is equal to the: For electron/positron: psi~(i*gamma_mu*partial d_mu - m)psi For photon: -1/4(F_mu*v)(F^mu*v) For interaction between electron/positron and photon: -e*psi~*gamma*psi*A. So if we are going to evaluate the Equation of Motion for electron/positron by using Lagrangian Equation, will result to: (i*gamma_mu*partial d_mu - m)psi - e*gamma*A*psi = 0. Notice the first term of equation of motion is the Dirac Equation. In which if we let to remove the second (interaction) term of equation of motion remaining the Dirac term, the solutions of Dirac equation are psi_1 for electron and psi_2 for positron. The psi_1 and psi_2 as I know become operators in quantum field theory. So if psi_1 and psi_2 are hermitian operators, that means they are equal? So overall, why need the term h.c. "hermitian conjugate" in the standard model Lagrangian if the antimatter is already included in the interaction terms of matter particle and force particle? Same goes for the interactions between fermions and higgs boson for mas of matter and mass of antimatter.

[@schmetterling4477]

Annihilation creates at least two photons but it can create much more than that if the momenta in the rest system are high enough.

[@Name-js5uq]

Thank you for all that hard work

[@kaulickmitra6898]

Amazingly explained with such simplicity.

[@MrElvis1971]

I struggle with the concept of renormalisation. Would like a video on it.

[@tiny_toilet]

I struggle with pre-renormalization, everything that comes before renormalization. Oh, also post-renormalization. And post-modernism, too. Know what? Better to just go ahead and cover it all, please.

[@MrElvis1971]

@@tiny_toilet you forgot pre-mature

[@Bobbias]

Yes, I'd love a good explanation of renormalization.

[@NatCo-Supremacist]

I find it funny whenever people who "love science" never apply such theories on people where they accurately explain populace phenomena .

[@MrElvis1971]

@@NatCo-Supremacist It is a lot easier to attack and criticise than to explain. It's a lot easier to call someone stupid than to educate them. It is just human nature and an efficient use of our internal resources. It is nothing special or unique and often we as humans gamify it and turn it into bullying.

[@cosmicinfinity8628]

One doubt Arvin. How these electrons or other particle move continuosly. From Where they got the energy. Is that a PMM. Why the energy behind the movement of electron and other particles not depleted??

[@Jdelli0916]

I am so glad this channel randomly popped up. Sometimes that algorithm works out.

[@jareknowak8712]

Perfect video, as usual. It confirms my unprofessional belief, that the string theory is either not a solution, or there is still some long bridge that leads to it, a bridge made of many different boards. Thank You Arvin!

[@ayubsherif5898]

The standard model Lagrangian equation is a piece of art. Great video as always

[@MrElvis1971]

How did you know it was a great video?

[@danielbavisetti8731]

@@MrElvis1971 He has a membership. So he has early access to videos of this channel.

[@MrElvis1971]

@@danielbavisetti8731 oh

[@richardventus1875]

Arvin - thanks, great video. Unfortunately, as you acknowledge, the standard model is a bit like describing a whole elephant when you've got a piece of its tusk: it doesn't include gravity and only accounts for 5% of the observable universe. I wonder if physicists will ever be able to create an equation which really does cover 'everything'.

[@Sean-ll5cm]

It's like I understood, but understood nothing... What a weird and beautiful universe

[@yaomaji762]

...shiva?...

[@SkibroDuck]

I understand what you said. Weird

[@TuAFFalcon]

My father believes there is God and angles once you go above 'plane height'. So don't hurt yourself too much.

[@hyperduality2838]

Bosons are dual to Fermions -- spin statistics theorem. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality. 6 quarks, 6 leptons, 6 force carriers (Higgs, photon, gluon, Z, W+, W-) -- The standard model. The ancient teachings state that the number 666 is the number of the beast! Quarks are dual to leptons, quarks are dual to gluons. Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialect. The proton (thesis) is dual to the electron (anti-thesis) synthesizes the photon or pure energy -- atomic duality. Force carriers or Bosons are by-products of conserving duality! Pure energy is created or synthesized from conserving duality! Electro is dual to magnetic -- Maxwell's equations, electro-magnetic energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- electric fields. North poles are dual to south poles -- magnetic fields. Energy is duality, duality is energy! Pure energy or photons, light are dual. Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy, gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac newton. Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry! Lagrangian equations conserve duality (energy). Symmetry is dual to conservation -- the duality of Noether's theorem. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@TuAFFalcon]

​@rptrm82People who believe in a form of God also believe in winged angels. That is the same in Christianity and Islam. You underestimate the drug called religion. They are a special flower with special powers and have a God who's got their back. It all comes down to feelings and what makes them feel good. If the guy shouting for a ban on Muhammed pictures was born in say Austria (he was born into a Christian family) he would be shouting for something else. People are dumb as a bag of rocks. Religion has no purpose in this day and age. Maybe a type 4 civilization is out there controlling us but certainly no 1 being that gives kids cancer for the lulz.

[@CyberiusT]

I'm so happy that was the intuitive explanation.

[@edgarbandoy6646]

This the real deal. Thank God and all scientists collaborated to make this possible

[@edgarbandoy6646]

@@michaelbolchunas1271 I respect your disrespect. Nice sarcasm btw

[@edgarbandoy6646]

@@michaelbolchunas1271 You don't even know me personally. But again I respect your disrespect.

[@edgarbandoy6646]

@@michaelbolchunas1271 even Ash this channel tackles about this subject and you just conclude without any scientific reasons. Maybe you are not for this channel. 😆

[@edgarbandoy6646]

@@michaelbolchunas1271 kzbin.info/www/bejne/qZ6Thp9jjtJrj9U watch this smart guy

[@edgarbandoy6646]

@@michaelbolchunas1271 Thanks God for your existence

[@jworldwide904]

Excellent presentation! Thank you!

[@khushi3958]

Wooooowwwwww! Arvin, this is amazing, hey kudos to you and ur team, I totally am amazed, you are awesome 😍😍😍👏👏👏👏👏

[@slapmeisterrecords8226]

Are you ok?

[@khushi3958]

@@slapmeisterrecords8226 no, I am 'khushi'.... 😶

[@davidwilkie9551]

Excellent explanation of Physics without Gravity, metastable proportioning probability resonancs. If sufficient density-intensity of orbital-orbits form relative Timing-spacing Condensate, this is observable by resonance through the Singularity Apature Trigonometric positioning holographic phenomenon, and resolves according to tuned focus.., receeding in macro-micro perspective exclusion to the Singularity positioning vanishing point-zero-infinity i-reflection containment. Ie if the Universe appears in this projection-drawing exploded view, Gravity is "unbonding" via chaotic, and therefore not measurable, "Quantum Uncertainty" darkness, the same as emptiness of Space-time. So this is the "what" physical manifestation is composed of/in sensory realisation. Quantum-fields are left incomprehensible by exclusion of Time duration timing. Which is "How" it is composed by time-timing projection-drawing holographic embedding, ..of What you think you see.., QM-TIME wave-particle Modulation Mechanism Singularity positioning Mathematics, in formations such as the properties of Fluxions suggested by Newton in his purified maths, CalculusCamera Obscura Optics demonstrations. Newtonian Gravity is left unexplored, but the process of chemistry in later years demonstrated bonding-antibonding resonance that is quite sufficient in Completeness. And "Why" is the Infinity/Eternity here-now-forever Superspin self-defining Modulation positioning, e-Pi-i function cause-effect of Quantum Logic. Which implies Everything Theory is Temporal Logarithmic Superspin Condensates in/of Quantum-fields. A Math-Physics practitioner with 10k hrs experienced Intuition might link Fluxions and Higgs Bosons in a Glossary of Terms.. Amateurs are, with respect, unqualified to Comment beyond Feynman type guessing. Time is Time, e-Pi-i sync-duration connectivity etc.., Everything. To suggest leaving out this Principle is ineffective.

[@aeixo2533]

Your presentation is some of the best on youtube bro!

[@jesseaustin2438]

Pic at 11 minutes shows variant theres a present Layer within spaceTime, and either its present flat and some things are moving forward in time faster, unlike the pic, or its like the pic and theres a present that has things farther in time,, OR theres a 3rd option even that there is NO present and all time exists as one and a present you see or experience has objects that are at diferent points in space which wudnt break functionality of a present that must always be present w other space in that present, but a present that has flat at same time doesnt have warped spacetime cause for gravity, but a warped or curved present that causes gravity isnt a preset, it wud have stuff in future and stuff in past, but that later situation has an ability to semi exist as a present that isnt the previous 3rd option of all time existig at once, if existence is a time that is a constant present w things just traveling through time at different rates that are older or farther in time change but in one present. Basically this is a proof that a warped spacetime isnt existant, thusly showing gravity isnt caused by the curvature of space in time, but is a product of time change effecting space causing it to propel stuff thru space w a force, and my theory is just that space is caused by the different fields tht make up everything, and even if they are one simplified field, space, they are seen and are logically viewable or dually are seperate fields at the same time just like my theory that gravity is the time of time and time is the Calculus integral of space and space is the sum of the different fields, and each field wud have its own time, in my theory, and the times wud have one time, and that time and it as multiple times have a time like thing, which cud be thought of as a dimenion or just an integral of space type thing such as time,,, and the time of time is gravity. ScienceClic English has a similar theory as of August about 2020, but they say a derivative of space, but id already considered that and wanted to get it looked into along w my bigger hunch that it is integral of time, time integral of space, and space the multiple fields as one,, and i came up w my in early September 2017 but was led about after a small trip to jail where staf lied id spat on them so i was sent to a mental hospital and then on arrival they said same thing, but video evidence wud show that was incorrect and most likely a lie. ScienceClic English cud, idk, cud of been given ideas from me talking to ppl of my theory. SciCli Eng said there dimension was a temporal dimension. Please like this comment so itll be seen.

[@penumbraman99]

You have put out some great videos. I feel this is one of your best!

[@PaulPaulPaulson]

There is nothing imaginary about imaginary numbers. They are just just the second component of two-dimensional vectors. The vector is called a complex numbers. The only differences to normal two-dimensional vectors are: a) When you write an equation where the vector should scale and rotate (in a specific way), you use the multiplication symbol. Same for symbols/operations derived from that (e.g. exponents are multiple scale/rotate operations, divisions is the inverse etc). b) Other meanings of multiplication symbols used in standard vectors are not applied c) Vectors are written as a + ib instead of (a,b) for historic reasons d) You don't give the second component a name or a unit. You only refer to it as the "imaginary part". The last point may be the most problematic thing about complex/imaginary numbers. Example: Imagine a mass on a spring which moves periodically. No gravity, no friction. The spring expands to the right and compresses to the left. At rest, the position of the mass is defined as 0. When not in rest, periodic movement is a result of the velocity and the compression/expansion of the spring which is linear to the position. A two-dimensional vector (or point) describing the state of the system would be (position, velocity). Both values are coupled to each other. The larger one is, the greater the change of the other is (well, with the correct signs, but you get the point). Plotted over time with a carefully chosen scale for each axis the point describes a circle. The movement on the circle can be described by a rotation. Complex numbers are good at describing rotations (especially for such coupled systems) so it can be used here. Just write the vector as (1,0) position + (0,1) * velocity. Then replace (0, 1) with i (this is the definition of i) and (1, 0) by 1 (also by definition of notation of complex numbers): position + i × velocity.This is a weird notation but that's how it is unfortunately. Just remember: When plotted, if there is no i, it's a vector in horizontal direction. It there is an i, it's in vertical direction. Now lets apply rotation. Start at (1, 0) and rotate counterclockwise by 90°. This could be written as RotateCounterclockwise((1,0), 90°), but written with complex numbers it is: 1 × i because (1,0) is written as 1, rotations are written as multiplication and the amount of rotation is defined as the angle between (1,0) and another given vector. Here, the vector is (0,1) (which is named i) because it's 90°counterclockwise to (1,0). As expected, the result of 1×i is just i. The interpretation is that the mass started at a position right from the position 0 and now is at resting position (the position where the spring aplies no force) but has maximum velocity. Applying the rotation again (so twice in total) can be written as 1×i×i or i². The total rotation is 180° and results in (-1, 0). The position of the mass is on the left now with no velocity. The spring is compressed. Written as a complex number this is -1. In other words: i² is -1. This is where i = sqrt(-1) comes from. It answers the question: Starting at 1, which operation applied twice results in -1? And the answer is a 90° rotation. Btw this also works clockwise with (-i)² = -1 for the same reason. One implication is that if you need to take the square root of a negative number and you can solve it with imaginary numbers, your problem actually operates on a vector/two numbers. For the result, you may only be interested in one number, e.g. only the position where velocity is 0. Be careful: You can't use the square root of a negative number if your problem isn't actually a problem about vectors. You need an underlying actual problem which you could formulate with vectors which is just hidden by how you came up with your equation. On the other hand, if complex numbers give you a valid result that matches your expectations, your problem actually is about vectors but you may just not know this yet. Now imagine something similar to a mass on a spring in another context, let's say in the quantum world. Let's say you can observe the position of the mass, but you don't see the spring or the velocity. Just imagine the spring to be invisible or very transparent. From the observation of the position of the mass you come up with an equation which predicts the position over time. It works fine, but it requires to calculate the square root of a negative number. You think, well, lets just apply complex numbers and if the result has no imaginary part, it's fine. This may work but what you miss a lot of answers and questions which could lead to a deeper understanding and a clearer picture: a) You would continue to think that the only state variable is the observed one (position) although there is a second one involved. b) You wouldn't think about what the meaning of this other state is or what name it would have (here: velocity) c) You wouldn't think about the unit/dimension of it, which could help you to get to answer the meaning of the state d) You wouldn't think about that the state variables are coupled in a way that can be described by rotation (often: system coupled by differential equation) e) You wouldn't think about WHY the states are coupled (you wouldn't come up with a theory of an invisible spring) In other words: If you just apply complex numbers without thinking further about it, you miss half of the physics.

[@maysampkh4242]

Fantastic job Arvin, nice videos... thanks for the great work.

[@slapmeisterrecords8226]

What are you, like 5yr old?

[@vedantsridhar8378]

@@slapmeisterrecords8226 what did Maysam say that only a five year old would say? He or she was just giving a compliment to Arvin Ash, since this video is pretty interesting and simplified

[@slapmeisterrecords8226]

@@vedantsridhar8378 sorry but that is a pointless waste of entropy.

[@vedantsridhar8378]

@@slapmeisterrecords8226 entropy, hmmmm.

[@jakobfredriksson2272]

"[...] to show something that's quite complex" -> 1:14 "quite" :)

[@TuAFFalcon]

Yeah, my head exploded... Thanks Arvin!

[@slapmeisterrecords8226]

How old are you? Like 5?

[@TuAFFalcon]

@@slapmeisterrecords8226Not understanding the theory of everything in full means you have the intelligence of a 5 year old? So that is what 99% of the worlds population? Instead of trolling here why don't you go get a job and maybe a life.

[@duhmez]

I'm on ya Arvin! Correct me if I am wrong though I am no expert. You said gluons only interact with quarks, but from my studies I recall that quarks, amazingly, do interact with other gluons too. If I am wrong I'd love to know it because I recall learning ths over the years.

[@ArvinAsh]

Gluons interact with quarks and they interact with themselves. I should have made that clearer.

[@hyperduality2838]

Quarks are dual to gluons. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- spin statistics theorem. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality. 6 quarks, 6 leptons, 6 force carriers (Higgs, photon, gluon, Z, W+, W-) -- The standard model. The ancient teachings state that the number 666 is the number of the beast! Quarks are dual to leptons, quarks are dual to gluons. Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialect. The proton (thesis) is dual to the electron (anti-thesis) synthesizes the photon or pure energy -- atomic duality. Force carriers or Bosons are by-products of conserving duality! Pure energy is created or synthesized from conserving duality! Electro is dual to magnetic -- Maxwell's equations, electro-magnetic energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- electric fields. North poles are dual to south poles -- magnetic fields. Energy is duality, duality is energy! Pure energy or photons, light are dual. Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy, gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac newton. Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry! Lagrangian equations conserve duality (energy). Symmetry is dual to conservation -- the duality of Noether's theorem. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@Gaurav-um4oh]

Although i didn't get a single point i watched this video till the end and i felt like i was watching this sitting inside a warp drive travelling in another world of higher dimension at a speed faster than the light . Oh god

[@kakalibhattacherjee27]

Lagrangian is not at all represent total energy....in classical mechanics Lagrangian is simply KE-PE. Setting this to euler-lagrange equation yeilds you the equation of motion of system will deal with of any complexity. For Quantum mechanics as above video, Lagrangian is replaced with Lagrangian field density. It doesn't give us any physical interpretation but it can be used to solve complex problems easily.... But your video was super intuitive and simplified

[@HmlsDarkOps]

The fact that we have gotten this far is crazy enough.

[@MrKydaman]

I agree, but we could be barely scratching the surface.

[@spinor]

I know, I feel people don't appreciate just how incredible it is that we've been able to figure out what we have. We've formulated extraordinarily accurate descriptions of the universe from the scale of subatomic particles to the entire universe, all just by tinkering, observing, and thinking really hard. We certainly haven't got it all figured out, and maybe most of what's out there is yet to be uncovered, but the progress we have made is truly awe-inspiring.

[@davidramsey2566]

I'm glad I found this today. "Theory of almost everything." LOL What a chuckle. But it's kind of cute. Like your puppy dog all of the sudden learning to talk and then proceeding to tell you about the fundamental nature of reality! (Still, I have to admit the dog's theory can predict where all the bones are buried in the yard. Maybe a theory of everything isn't so far away.)

[@motif123456]

What an amazing explanation of the beaity of the universe...had i had seen this in my early adulthood,I would have definitely chosen physics

[@crystalgiddens7276]

you have a sickness

[@greymatter5188]

yo what drugs you smokin`? physics is a nightmare don't do it

[@LynxBlackWind]

Hey, regarding handedness - does that mean that moving particle can have spin only parallel to motion vector? I.e. If moving along with X axis to the right, it can only have spin left or right but on u or down or between? Or if it has some measured spin in Y direction while moving with X,how do we tell if it's left or right handed?

[@unkleful]

High praise to this video.

[@hyperduality2838]

Bosons are dual to Fermions -- spin statistics theorem. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality. 6 quarks, 6 leptons, 6 force carriers (Higgs, photon, gluon, Z, W+, W-) -- The standard model. The ancient teachings state that the number 666 is the number of the beast! Quarks are dual to leptons, quarks are dual to gluons. Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialect. The proton (thesis) is dual to the electron (anti-thesis) synthesizes the photon or pure energy -- atomic duality. Force carriers or Bosons are by-products of conserving duality! Pure energy is created or synthesized from conserving duality! Electro is dual to magnetic -- Maxwell's equations, electro-magnetic energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- electric fields. North poles are dual to south poles -- magnetic fields. Energy is duality, duality is energy! Pure energy or photons, light are dual. Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy, gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac newton. Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry! Lagrangian equations conserve duality (energy). Symmetry is dual to conservation -- the duality of Noether's theorem. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@RussellBeattie]

The amusing thing about these types of videos is how my brain is wide open to just about any craziness that could come up. So much so that the "L gauage" at 5:40 made me go check to see if that was a misspelling or an actual thing. (Pretty sure it's just misspelled.)

[@ArvinAsh]

Yep, I missed it in review. Sharp eye. Thanks.

[@TheOnlineBlackboard]

From a technical point of view, you can define things as you want. But yes you would generally write just gauge ;-)

[@marcosfreijeiro8763]

Excellent video and great content👍🏻

[@ArvinAsh]

Glad you enjoyed it

[@meahoola]

Thank you, ever since I first saw that equation I was waiting for THIS explanation. . ..and in the final presentation of the Lagrangian, the second term has both a gamma and a slash, that's too much.

[@AchwaqKhalid]

Arwin! You need a graphic animator/illustrator in your team for more visual easy to digest goodness ⚛

[@ATSF854]

Incredibly fascinating. Does the sum of all energy interactions imply something about the nature of gravity, as it doesn't seem to fit into the standard model? Hard to word my question, might have to rewatch.

[@ArvinAsh]

That's an interesting observation. The equation of General relativity relates energy to the curvature of spacetime, so it can be used to relate gravity to energy, since gravity is spacetime curvature. The precise nature of why these two relate to each other is not known. So this would be a fascinating area for further research.

[@Xyphex.]

This kinda stuff is my favourite science!

[@inter7322]

Despite what some scientists may say...we are nowhere close to a theory of everything. These are just vague abstractions to define our limited experiences that are constantly changing...

[@awolgeordie9926]

Freaking amazing presentation. Thank you.

[@Alex-lk7qy]

Another great informative video. Thank you

[@tonywells6990]

Thanks, you just confirmed that I understood the lagrangian perfectly as something I cannot grasp!

[@hyperduality2838]

Bosons are dual to Fermions -- spin statistics theorem. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality. 6 quarks, 6 leptons, 6 force carriers (Higgs, photon, gluon, Z, W+, W-) -- The standard model. The ancient teachings state that the number 666 is the number of the beast! Quarks are dual to leptons, quarks are dual to gluons. Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialect. The proton (thesis) is dual to the electron (anti-thesis) synthesizes the photon or pure energy -- atomic duality. Force carriers or Bosons are by-products of conserving duality! Pure energy is created or synthesized from conserving duality! Electro is dual to magnetic -- Maxwell's equations, electro-magnetic energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- electric fields. North poles are dual to south poles -- magnetic fields. Energy is duality, duality is energy! Pure energy or photons, light are dual. Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy, gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac newton. Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry! Lagrangian equations conserve duality (energy). Symmetry is dual to conservation -- the duality of Noether's theorem. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@tonywells6990]

@@hyperduality2838 I actually meant I couldn't grasp all the math.

[@hyperduality2838]

@@tonywells6990 The equations of motion (Lagrangian) minimize the action in quantum mechanics and maximize reality! The equations of motion are literally optimized predictions or syntropic. Convex (convergence, syntropy) is dual to concave (divergence, entropy). Homotopic equivalence = duality. Union is dual to intersection. Integration is dual to differentiation. Injective is dual to bijective synthesizes bi-jective or isomorphism. Positive is dual to negative. Homology is dual to co-homology. Y = X. Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X. All mathematical equations in physics and mathematics are dualities. The Lagrangian is a mathematical tool which makes optimized predictions (syntropy). Duality creates reality!

[@tonywells6990]

@@hyperduality2838 Actually, the math all makes sense now, but thanks!

[@hyperduality2838]

@@tonywells6990 Noumenal (rational, analytic) is dual to phenomenal (empirical, synthetic) -- Immanuel Kant. Mathematics is analytical thinking or transcendental logic (noumenal). Transcendental logic (concepts) is dual to transcendental aesthetic (sensory percepts) -- Immanuel Kant. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant. Here is a video you can watch about non-dualism:- kzbin.info/www/bejne/moivlWyvZrJ6asU

[@larsegholmfischmann6594]

Question... if we can increase the Yukawa coupling (somehow), would we be able to increase mass for a given type of matter and thus its density? And if related to the idea of warp drives with super-high densities to exploit time-dilation, would this be a way to do so? Also, as a non-physicist, I like how Arwin goes "now this is just" about seriously complex stuff :D

[@hyperduality2838]

Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. Dark energy is dual to dark matter. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. Bosons are dual to Fermions -- spin statistics theorem. Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality. 6 quarks, 6 leptons, 6 force carriers (Higgs, photon, gluon, Z, W+, W-) -- The standard model. The ancient teachings state that the number 666 is the number of the beast! Quarks are dual to leptons, quarks are dual to gluons. Thesis is dual to anti-thesis creates the converging thesis or synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialect. The proton (thesis) is dual to the electron (anti-thesis) synthesizes the photon or pure energy -- atomic duality. Force carriers or Bosons are by-products of conserving duality! Pure energy is created or synthesized from conserving duality! Electro is dual to magnetic -- Maxwell's equations, electro-magnetic energy is dual. Positive charge is dual to negative charge -- electric fields. North poles are dual to south poles -- magnetic fields. Energy is duality, duality is energy! Pure energy or photons, light are dual. Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality. Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy, gravitational energy is dual. Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac newton. Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry! Lagrangian equations conserve duality (energy). Symmetry is dual to conservation -- the duality of Noether's theorem. "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@figeluren]

The last 100 years has made some amazing discoveries. To bad we couldn't manage it better but rather rush into ways to use it instead of thinking about consequences. In a few years, none of this will matter anyway.

[@thedouglasw.lippchannel5546]

There exists a very simple Equation - somewhat conceptual - and that is MTS, where M=Matter in all it's densities, T= all possible rates of motion from 0 m/s to "c" and in it's reverse vector form "c" to 0 m/s following Lorentz Transformations, and S= spatial volumes. It takes E=mc2 and reinterprets E as various volumes of Space. Space is unfolded Matter and Matter is curved Spacetime. Along the way, many things can be explained. See the video link above. Arvin is Grrreat!

[@itsbs]

7:10 - Imaginary Numbers ... I can understand over-simplification when making a short video, but Imaginary Numbers as *"non-physical and can't be used in the results?"* I think Charles Steinmetz just rolled over in his grave! Imaginary numbers as a rotator and an orthogonal representation of the Magnetic and Dielectric fields seems pretty real to me.

[@TheOnlineBlackboard]

It's because you have a notation to throw away the imaginary part when applying the physical results. You can't measure like a magnetic field of 2+i tesla. It's not physical.

[@TheOnlineBlackboard]

@Michael Bishop Yes, but you disregard the "i" in the reading of the complex part :)

[@mehmetalivat]

i added this video my playlist. Literally So uniqu video. Perfect explained.