The Strange and Unexpected Reason Ice is Slippery

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I’m guessing you’re pretty familiar with ice. We use it in our drinks, slip on it, skate on it, worry about climate change melting it. But have you ever stopped to really think about this stuff? The freezing and melting of water affects so much of our world. It’s ice crystals in thunderclouds that create lightning. Ice is powerful enough crack boulders, float stones, and alter entire landscapes. Ice is such a common substance, you'd think we'd know everything about it by now. But it has some secrets and weird properties we’ve only just begun to figure out. One question about ice that's, still not totally answered, is one of the most obvious: why is ice slippery? It's a more complicated answer than it seems!
References: sites.google.com/view/why-is-...
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[@besmart]

Disclaimer: My left butt cheek was harmed in the making of this video I'm on Twitter and Instagram at @DrJoeHanson and @okaytobesmart! Tag me if you share the video

[@robbedoeslegrand236]

As long as it's only a butt cheek, you should be OK. ;)

[@sth128]

Put some ice on it

[@alphabeta9425]

Okay

[@Heisenberg612]

Everyone's looking at you weird lmao

[@evandroandrade4909]

"It's the perfect texture for running"

[@FacelessOfficial1]

"hey smart people...I just dislocated my shoulder.."

[@bland9876]

My mom said she did something similar to the intro except she broke her wrist

[@FacelessOfficial1]

@@bland9876 ice is dangerous.. almost died in a car accident at some point due to ice..

[@kvonkirk2340]

@@FacelessOfficial1 are you sure its not the cars that are dangerous? they kill people all the time with no ice around.

[@FacelessOfficial1]

@@kvonkirk2340 cars are dangerous if you don't pay attention when you drive (or if someone else doesn't pay attention) or if there's excessive speeding invovled, but ice is an extra parameter....

[@messynate]

This guy at my job dislocated his shoulder by falling on ice the other day 😰

[@clavierpixelkey650]

- You fell on the ice?? - No, I fell on the non-solid, quasi-liquid layer on the surface of the ice. Those darn free-moving H₂0 molecules…

[@webe3228]

this made my day

[@prodkerstii]

This made me smile

[@brifer6121]

“Solid rock doesn’t float on lava” tektonic plates: “Am I a joke to you?”

[@pjabrony8280]

Tectonic plates float on the mantle, which isn't really liquid.

[@pradyumnbisht4077]

Tectonic plates comes under lithosphere, which made up of crust and upper mantle

[@dhgfhhhghhj]

@@pjabrony8280 the mantle is liquid...

[@Dan0RG]

@@dhgfhhhghhj Quoting Wikipedia: "It is predominantly solid but in geological time it behaves as a viscous fluid".

[@Dan0RG]

@@jacobf_139 ...no.

[@zigz2091]

*Don’t pretend we didn’t see that, “As dense as you?” when he was talking about ice’s density.*

[@nadian848]

Lmao

[@alba2162]

The Earth is mean

[@strawberryseal1851]

​@@alba2162 Which is why I live on Saubi! It's pretty close, in space terms. Honestly though, if earth wasn't so well quarantined I'd consider moving there! Blue sky, blue water, green plants, some blue plants seems pretty calming! This'll take half a year to send though, since we haven't gotten to internet speeds *that* fast 6 months to get here 6 months to get back. We on Saubi have got to be *very* picky on what earth content we choose to watch.

[@helencobler]

@@strawberryseal1851 there is also red plants

[@justanotherrandomperson180]

lmao i noticed that too

[@microska2656]

Normal people: ice skating is so fun Joe: why is ice slippery?

[@knampf9779]

Progress is fun.

[@mr2octavio]

That's the kind of thinking that lets you have a device that fits in your hand and lets you access the whole internet. Because someone asked a 'why is ice slippery' question

[@barbarahouk1983]

@ Swampert D That’s one of the reasons people think me not normal. These kind of questions I was asking in my youth. I was 22 yo when my spouse pointed out to me I had a tendency to “tire people out” bc I would talk about everything that fascinated me. That was in 1977 so there was no internet or KZbin to make videos. Now I am old and tired & ill. So I just enjoy these videos bc I still like this kind of thing. Joe is my kind of nerd.

[@refineKC]

Who's Joe?

[@mrittikamurmu645]

@@refineKC whom you just saw.

[@FNHot]

You have no idea how happy this video made me, I have wondered about this FOREVER. And everyone says friction or pressure, but I've seen BOTH debunked before. My mind can rest on this topic now.

[@zolacnomiko]

SAME.

[@thomasbayer3311]

For now...

[@dreallday07]

Crazy, as part of a Camb medicine interview prep talk, one of the professors had asked this question, we initiated with friction/pressure but came to the conclusion that had to be wrong because you can’t skate on glass and water doesn’t make a difference in how skateable glass is, so we moved onto the structure of ice, and from basic principles ended up on the conclusion stated in the video, we also ended up talking about how the ‘volatility’ - for lack of a better word for the properties - of the surface water molecules allows it to slide similarly to how graphite of a pencil tip would, adding to the theory stated in the video, was fun combining more basic concepts in order to accumulate to a more difficult answer.

[@807pranavghandade8]

You should've just waited till your 12th grade then

[@archie5501]

Same

[@josephinelauren7417]

The thumbnail: NOT SOLID, NOT LIQUID My brain: GAS

[@stevenwood346]

I was thinking of plasma

[@Abyzzol]

The Unlucky Seagull u were that kid huh

[@thatoneleaf9895]

me, an intellectual: Plasma

[@l00k4tstuff]

A meta-state based on quantum fluctuation at the edge. Duality until observed - or slipped upon. Probably why ice so readily sublimates to gas when it should go through the liquid state.

[@spec_wasted]

I was thinking of jello

[@veritasium]

Thank you for dealing with this misconception that has been spread by so many science communicators in the past. For the record I admit I was wrong and I linked to a paper in the description of my video. Great work Joe!

[@besmart]

Science is an ever-correcting process! You’re a good sport Derek. High five, my friend 🤓

[@chadistan4790]

Good on you

[@aresorum]

👏

[@lifeofphyraprun7601]

I was swiping for this.

[@user-kx5es4kr4x]

Wow veritusium

[@luismijangos7844]

Thanks Dr. Joe for sacrificing your butt for that cool intro!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@besmart]

[@syd.a.m]

@@besmart

[@shambosaha9727]

@@zack7122 Gröss

[@Joetoep]

Just put some on ice on it and you'll be fine

[@Impulse_28]

@@Joetoep but CAN you...? Plays Vsauce intro

[@danecraze903]

That "To be continued" meme made me laugh hard

[@shalice7784]

JOOOOOJO

[@fonsineknshr]

it chortled me

[@lepp522]

@@shalice7784 GOLDEN WIND

[@scotty3739]

lepyrus G I O G I OOO

[@johnzou5941]

Joe made a JoeJoe reference😂

[@00crashtest]

In university geology class, I learned that the surface state (what you called quasi-liquid) of water occurs between the nucleation (supercooling) and melting points. When ice is cooled to below its nucleation point of around -20 Celsius, the surface stops becoming slippery. I also learned the same applies to other minerals and rocks. When a rock is almost melting but not yet molten, say, at 990 degrees Celsius for a melting point of 1000, its surface also becomes slippery.

[@twilaritchey7684]

It’s not liquid, but it’s not solid” Me: it’s jello

[@trollinape2697]

jelly is solid

[@sheepco]

Me: its because of a thin layer of water Joe: No Me: Oh Joe: But kinda Me: ??

[@annonimooseq1246]

sheepco well no, but actually -no- kinda

[@charliegarrison9688]

Yes, but maybe sorta definitely.

[@PajamaMan44]

Is a single molecule of water considered solid if it’s at -5°C and 1atm?

[@ObjectsInMotion]

Well no, and actually no. Quasi-liquid is not liquid.

[@rikschaaf]

@@PajamaMan44 Single molecules don't have a phase to my knowledge. That is a property of multiple molecules together.

[@jamesreid6940]

Just seeing the people in the background looking at him is hilarious 😂

[@doxielain2231]

They're staying curious. Especially the girl in gray.

[@phoenixsspark6150]

Doxie Lain if anyone was wandering. 6:50

[@uniqhnd23]

@@phoenixsspark6150 wondering*

[@uniqhnd23]

@Stellvia Hoenheim F****ing hell you sure about that? This dude did all of this to educate us and you're calling him shameless?! You ever heard of the definition of shameless?!

[@TheMethClub]

ORO 0147 well he has no shame. There’s a negative connotation sure but I feel like in this case it’s less of an insult and more of a fact

[@facetankhank]

Imagine how smart I will look telling this to my children when they start understanding the concept of molecules and atoms.

[@garyrayr5250]

I am a retired engineer and love your videos. They have so much knowledge packed into them I watch at .75 speed to make sure I keep up. Way back in the day I did my thesis on surface tension flow of melted steel in a weld pool. I think what you have described here is surface tension of a solid. I have not read any papers about this yet and that may be an old idea but thanks for keeping this old brain active.

[@MrC0MPUT3R]

"Solid rock doesn't float on lava" *Laughs in Continent*

[@charliegarrison9688]

It does in movies i seen it

[@ShantanuShinde1]

the crust is not really the solid form of magma though. it is made up of different materials which are lighter than magma.

[@lorrie9462]

🤣🤣🤣

[@pohatunuva3771]

The mantle is solid though, and the asthenosphere is... Funky

[@katastrofygames]

Continents don’t float on lava/magma they float on the mantle which isn’t really liquid. I always thought of the mantle as like thick cookie dough.

[@seeafish]

Wait, question: does this mean that the inside of an ice cube isn't slippery? Could we ever test that? My brain hurts...

[@nicolasjulian8213]

The ice my fridge makes is not slippery?

[@bamberghh1691]

@Tyler Meier but is it? *Vsauce music plays*

[@katastrofygames]

Wait, if you’ve ever used an ice pick before or done ice climbing, the picks and tools don’t slip out after stabbing into the ice. So I guess it’s not slippery because there’s no quasi liquid inside?

[@FlaminChicken231]

Yes officer, this comment here

[@chairmanm3ow]

If the inside of an ice cube was slippery, it would not hold its shape.

[@mepholies]

6:09 The last place I’d expect to find a jojos reference

[@enlightningairieon7294]

Teacher: There are 3 states of matter, Solid, Liquid, Gas. Student: There are really 4, Plasma as well Me: um, actually...

[@Not.Your.Business]

what about Bose - Einstein condensate?

[@breck1637]

Or Fermionic condensate?

[@Ergo...]

Time crystals?

[@stefansauvageonwhat-a-twis1369]

@@Ergo... thanks, nobody ever mentions them

[@stefansauvageonwhat-a-twis1369]

Hyperliquid?

[@TraceDominguez]

When I did a video about curling, they tried to explain ice to me and they FAILED. You succeeded, my friend. 💕

[@besmart]

Thank you friend!

[@garchomowner]

What is this a crossover episode?

[@chestersnap]

Wait this brings up a question I didn't know I had. Why does the brushing thing they do make it more slippery? Is it melting from the friction? Or are they knocking lose more water marblecules to roll on?

[@blue_pomeranian]

@@chestersnap probably both, but I'm mainly commenting to give you props on coining the term marblecules.

[@dabeamer42]

@@besmart Hey DrJoe -- how about you tack a wack at the curling question. That is, why does a curling rock curl in the direction it does? Destin S (SED) tried, and found disagreement among PhD's.

[@notdarklord9227]

Up next: The actual reason why water is wet.

Water is not wet. Check your facts.

[@ayushsharma9270]

@ water is wet lmao

[@abrams5819]

And bonus episode: is ice wet?

[@zannatulsneha2400]

My brother and I were arguing about it this morning while having breakfast😂

[@Srahas]

@@FirstNameLastName-rh6zc damn

[@AshenElk]

Committee: "Why would you like money?" Scientist: "To find out why ice is slippery." Committee: "Um…"

[@krellend20]

"Something as ordinary as frozen water" belies the fact that water is one of the weirdest molecules in the entire universe, as there is virtually nothing else in all of creation that resembles it.

[@crackedemerald4930]

And it's still amazingly common.

[@12201185234]

@@crackedemerald4930 Because hydrogen and oxygen are incredibly common.

[@kettlebot3610]

I'm gonna need more context to this comment lol, got a youtube video I can check out?

[@sammjust2233]

I'm still annoyed at Veritasium for doing a video on this with the wrong information

[@besmart]

I wasn't gonna name names… LOVE YOU DEREK

[@JayJagpal]

That's fair but I feel we should be tolerant as it's near 8 years old and we're smarterer humans now now.

[@DANGJOS]

Yeah man me too. I actually responded to that video (others did too), at the time, telling Derek that his explanations didn't work. He said to them that he's aware that there's still questions as to how it works, and somehow turned it into him still being sort of right lol. I don't remember how exactly.

[@derekdjay]

Hanson said this was discovered in the last few years. So Derek Muller's video must be older than the discovery itself. He didn't actually give a definitive answer then, only theories.

[@DANGJOS]

@@derekdjay I'll look at his video again. I don't want to be disingenuous.

[@hadi-bx1xo]

KZbin: Hey you wanna see a video about why ice is slippery? Me: Yeah sure why not.

[@freakdeath1020]

6:09, Literally, Jojo Memes are taking the internet.

[@ALLANX7]

fixed: JoJo memes have taken the internet.

[@kpi7757]

@Gurnaj Virk Yes it is. if you have ever watched the show, even the first part, you would know

[@ok-tr1nw]

@Gurnaj Virk it literally exists just because of jojo

[@ok-tr1nw]

@Gurnaj Virk a meme is a think that impacts our culture or popular in one meme can be joke but not all jokes are memes

[@ok-tr1nw]

@Gurnaj Virk ok then

[@DANGJOS]

In solid-state physics, this would be known as a surface state.

[@blakelee4555]

Hi solid-state physics.. I'm dad

[@DANGJOS]

@@blakelee4555 Dangit it's supposed to say *"in"!* I freaking hate autocorrect!

[@mr2octavio]

@@DANGJOS oh but now it's not funny anymore

[@LordAJ12345]

@@mr2octavio The fact that the reply doesn't make sense anymore makes it even better. Now you have to piece together what happened.

[@thearmyofiron]

@@LordAJ12345 pretty easy to piece, only needed to read 2 replies

[@ninjanerdstudent6937]

Joe: I am going to make an episode about ice. Also Joe: Okay, I need to learn to ice skate before that episode.

[@miketacos9034]

"We should abolish ICE." Ice caps continue to melt. "No not like that."

[@Aaron-ub1qw]

"As dense as you? " Bruhhhhhh

[@robertsteel3563]

IOTBS: *falls* Guy in the background: What happened?

[@resonance-cascade]

Just say Joe....his name is Joe

[@robertsteel3563]

@@resonance-cascade I, for some reason, did not know that! *EDIT:* but i am gonna leave it :P

[@resonance-cascade]

@@robertsteel3563 i said it just for you to know... ;)

[@robertsteel3563]

​@@resonance-cascade​thnx! :)

[@aizenreeve9435]

6:10 okay, you caught me off guard on this one 😂 lmao

[@FreakyRufus]

So my question now is about the experiment of holding two ice cubes together. Are you exerting enough pressure to make them melt a little and then refreeze? Or, are they sticking together because all the molecules on the surface form additional hydrogen bonds?

[@vyor8837]

Melt and refreeze

[@clockworkkirlia7475]

Fascinating! As soon as you mentioned the disconnected polar molecule layer I was thinking about slipping on marbles, super cool to learn about how that can happen!

[@jalphototecture]

I know the rink this was filmed at! Chaparral in Austin, Texas!

[@besmart]

Bingo!

[@masonsilvers6789]

*TEXAS INTENSIFIES*

[@kevinpham8693]

Haha I’ve been here a couple of times!

[@danieljensen2626]

Lol, I've been there but I was just thinking a lot of ice skating rinks look pretty similar.

[@Liv-dh6tn]

*yee haw people have entered the chat* (including me!)

[@alakario]

We do know more about the moon than water and food.

[@fabiolatouwole7588]

Yep that's right and sad 😅

[@alakario]

@@maya_yaser wow

[@longleaf1217]

its true, we also don't know why melted ice tastes the way it does. I mean its like the most common thing and yet it still holds so many mysteries.

[@liligman]

Brandon Woodyard All the Melted ice I’ve come across tastes like the water before it froze...am I missing something here? 😂

[@chestersnap]

It's because a hunk of spherical-ish space rock in a near vaccuum is about as simple as physics gets but the way the human body interacts with _all_ of the chemicals that make up food is pretty complicated _especially_ considering chemicals will also interact with each other so you have to know how the human body will interact with all chemical combinations potentially found in food and not just individual chemicals. _And_ every human body is different and each of those bodies are dynamic systems that don't stay the same. _And_ it's real easy to get into ethical issues when performing experiments on how certain foods interact with people. _And_ - do I really need to go on or can we accept that maybe life being more complicated than a large rock should be understandable?

[@BasementRuthie]

This actually makes so much sense!! I love that we never stop learning!!

[@Velocity1357]

Anyone else notice the “As dense as you?” In the background at like 2:18 ish

[@DogeTrump]

6:08 Quality meme 😂👍

[@shalice7784]

6:09

[@mr2octavio]

@@shalice7784 6:08 is better, it allows time for the joke to happen.

[@sreejasrivaram8250]

A daily dose of JoJo memes makes my day..

[@kseriousr]

The joke didn't quite land.

[@stefansauvageonwhat-a-twis1369]

I read in a journal that this question is one of the few not understood questions of science. Thanks!

[@stefansauvageonwhat-a-twis1369]

🤣

[@btdpro752]

If a scientist asks you to trust them because they are a scientist, don't trust them. That's why they publish their research and others check their results.

[@herrrausragend850]

Oh man. I got to know ur channel from my girlfriend and what can I say? I've learned a lot from you and it's always getting more and better. But the best part of your videos is that you don't take yourself too seriously. There's always the small piece of humor that makes your videos sooo special! I love it!

[@veldawells2839]

I find your research and programme delivery so enlightening. You make science so interesting and engaging, and I can't help but watch one video a day to learn facts - staying curious. Love the water surface molecule analysis quasi liquid layer. Hope you recovered from your icy slip.

[@koro7921]

Is that Jojo reference?

[@rokonda507]

ROUNDABOUT ON THIS VIDEO MADE IT 10 TIMES BETTER

[@mysticvitriol]

when he entered i thought yuri on ice... am i weird?

[@deathdog148]

Epic

[@emegrande]

@@mysticvitriol no ure big cool

[@jacksonpercy8044]

It's not a Jojo reference, it's a _motherfucking_ Jojo reference

[@dude-e]

Thank you for using the metric system. I was able to understand things without the need to constantly look up coversions

[@samuelyoung2671]

mhalsari booooo

[@joesterling4299]

Me, on the other hand . . . Luckily, I can convert kg into lb pretty quickly now. (Double it and add 10% of the result--which is just a left-shift of the decimal point of the result.) Getting more practice every day.

[@shitlordflytrap1078]

@@joesterling4299 I still don't understand why anyone thought that keeping the imperial system was a good idea. The conversions are illogical.

[@GATORBUBS]

The amount of extremely detailed and easy to understand visuals on this channel is amazing

[@Richard_Nickerson]

I let this sit in my watch later for 2 days because I thought I knew the answer already. Thanks for teaching me something!

[@Gumby518]

6:08 WAS THAT A JOJO REFERENCE??

[@benjaminmeusburger4254]

YES!

[@kjellenproductions7349]

MASAKA! *ORAORAORAORAORAORAORA*

[@thepotatogamingkr]

Yare yare daze😑

[@xanderberg3653]

Is that the seinfeld bass music playing?

[@HyLee98_aka_KingAyam]

If they make something scientific about jjba universe, things like kars trap in space forever

[@Noneblue39]

5:45 this model using marbles is a good way of explaining it. my gut feeling was it had to do with the x-stal structure at the interface

[@fahrai4983]

Hi! I’m curious, why did you use “x-stal” instead of “crystal”? :)

[@rafaelricardovilorio602]

Super cool info vídeo 👍🏼 thanks!

[@evans3636]

2:17 Oof that burn. was that from the editor? yipes. xD (Words under the picture in the background)

[@kjellenproductions7349]

The slipperiness must be the work of an enemy stand!

[@teddyzawseome]

Ho so you're stepping on me ? Even tho you're grandfather told you how slippery I am.

[@azuregriffin1116]

*JOJO INTENSIFIES*

[@JX1JoJo]

Ah yes, Jojo...

[@madison8818]

SOFTO ENDO WETTO

[@Skeloperch]

@@madison8818 Your comment was disliked by beetle enthusiasts world round

[@peetiegonzalez1845]

Great explanation. Can you also explain how it's possible to cut ice, slowly, with a relatively low amount of force, like a weight suspended on a thread. I've heard this explained by the same pressure phase diagram argument, that doesn't really make sense due to the high pressure needed.

[@andyk1954]

I've learned so much from this channel thank you

[@M4rtingale]

That animation of Joe slipping on marbles made my day 🤣

[@bbbbob757]

need more Jojo references in awesome vids like these

[@TerribleTonyShow]

6:08 I know that meme is dead, but I laughed really hard.

[@ok-tr1nw]

it aint dead if you are a jojo fan

[@spambots235]

@@ok-tr1nw im not jojo fans but I often see that meme

[@leburgtools7516]

Absolutely fantastic video

[@squidwardstesticles5914]

I stg I was wondering this yesterday while slipping on ice walking home, and then you post this video on the same day

[@jasonakers6538]

Nice JoJo's reference *slipped* in there. Heh...

[@masonsilvers6789]

I-its not... It's a meme from some years ago.

[@Commander-Ledi]

@@masonsilvers6789 Pick an episode from somewhere in middle of the 2012 jojo anime, and skip to near the end a bit before the credits start rolling and watch. You can do this few times with different episodes just to reinforce some facts for yourself. After that, come back and apologize.

[@pieloloon]

dude. it was a meme back then, he doesn’t have to know jojo to make the meme.

[@arrpee7468]

Jason Akers I’m glad that you mentioned it

[@shadowsfromolliesgraveyard6577]

So it's like how graphite gone 1D has really weird properties, so does Ice.

[@rpierrelouis071]

Kieron George 🤔 you might be on to something

[@nickeman132]

If y'all discovered smth just say it imma just leave a reply here

[@relentless3727]

Thanks a ton for this video!

[@MrBej]

This just makes me love science even more

[@kjellenproductions7349]

The title should be: "The Actual Reason Why Vanilla Ice is Slippery"

[@lukek.5773]

nice

[@mosessmith8485]

nice

[@THESTEIN325]

nice

[@sreejasrivaram8250]

Iggy! Get out of here!.! Oh god!

[@lain6656]

Yea he was so slippery that polnareff slipped and almost died

[@Cnidarian64]

If H2S was cooled to below it’s melting point would it be slippery? The hydrogen bonds in H2S are slightly weaker

[@besmart]

I was wondering this exact question while making the video. I was not able to find an answer. Maybe someone else can.

[@micahbirdlover8152]

@@besmart I Love your videos 🥰

[@elianemacdonald8601]

Awesome explanation!

[@BigSh00tsie]

6:09 - Roundabout. Immediately subbed when i heard that.

[@blue_pomeranian]

I've been obsessed with the science of ice ever since 4th or 5th grade (when I learned atoms get closer together to be solid, except water). That question on why water expands yet becomes solid haunted me until 11th grade when I took chemistry. It was so satisfying to learn that it was due to the charges on hydrogen and oxygen aligning the molecules so perfectly to create hydrogen bonds, with a ton of empty space in between from the hexagonal angles. You sir have just satisfied my other deep curiosity of water. In elementary school I had a book stating the thin layer of water theory was the cause of slipperiness, but I never fully accepted that theory as water on another flat surface did not produce the same effect. Having surface solid molecules constantly bonding and breaking due to not being enveloped by structural bonds makes much more sense.

[@ericbrunet7474]

No it doesn't make much more sense. Firstly, that layer is so infinitesimally small it can hardly be that relevant to our physical bodies. Secondly, what about all the rocks that also have the same sort of molecular arrangements?!?! Why aren't they slippery?!

[@epser5842]

No one: Editors: *aS dEnSe As YoU?*

[@nataliemarvalova]

We just learned this in physics lesson today! Thanks for making this, now i understand it much better.

[@user-cd4bx6uq1y]

6:06 oh dam, that reminds me of the 2016 style really much

[@SimranjeetSingh-qo8ph]

Fun fact: Quasi is an Italian word that translates to almost in english.

[@frikativos]

It is actually Old Italian, AKA "Latin".

[@THeDoMeTB]

it is also a german word

[@valkyriewave9591]

i mean.. it's also an English word that means almost

[@THeDoMeTB]

@@valkyriewave9591 I've never heared someone use quasi in english, except in scientific context

[@ehma7960]

@@frikativos I'm pretty sure it's used in modern Italian as well

[@doms6741]

"Solid rocks don't float on larva" Earth's crust on the mantle.

[@g3tsiak547]

Indeed you are correct. Solid rocks don't float on "larva"... They just crush them flat. All that insect larva never had a chance.

[@zonzaykay]

@@g3tsiak547 oof

[@photonicpizza1466]

The mantle isn't liquid, it's solid. The immense pressures just make it act fluid-like in geological time.

[@juups4857]

That's actually really cool, thanks for sharing :)

[@veganchaatparty]

wow!!! Never knew this would be so super interesting.....amazing!!! No doubt I love ice so much....wow this blew my mind....really super science here...super thanks for sharing Joe!! You're super ultra awesome!!

[@glow15]

"we'll always be uncovering new mysteries" is the most comforting AND terrifying truth of our decade😵😂

[@chronovore7234]

“Solid rocks don’t float on lava” The island floating in the middle of Kilauea volcano would beg to differ

[@TravisR1982]

This is a great 7 minutes. Thanks Joe, for finally debunking the pressure melting that I learned about once.

[@achyutrastogi8080]

This was awesome, all your stuff is awesome. Well, most of it at least.

[@DavidLaFerney]

Sawdust on my smooth shop floor makes it very slippery - because it prevents cohesion between floor and shoe. Same thing? Kinda?

[@RobBCactive]

Any loose boundary layer will generally be slipperier than fixed solid, it reduces static friction which is greater than dynamic, in effect it's a lubricant like graphite

[@ninjanerdstudent6937]

This is what he was talking about at Tedx.

[@abbydoodles6902]

5:19 is my body when someone tells me to hold still

[@ZmanRvMUSIC]

Person to the right is popping off. 2:39

[@aa-to6ws]

Ah Yes, enslaved water.

[@keitatsutsumi]

5:17 that escalated quickly

[@djfxonitg]

The slip and and To be Continued... part SLAYED me!! 😂😂😂 Great stuff!

[@kryptoid2568]

that fall at the beginning made my day

[@joroc]

So solids don't exist because you can scratch them. Wow

[@Phyto.]

What?

[@yasurikressh8325]

Wait aren’t there astronomical objects who have ice that is formed through pressure even though its temperature is way above the melting point of water ?

[@ramsey_ajr1702]

I'm not scientist but perhaps the pressure is so great it forces the molecules together creating ice even at a extremely high temperature.

[@Izquierdator]

Water has several forms of ice, at very very high pressures you can form those ices. Look for the phase diagram of water on google.

[@BainesMkII]

The video has the simple Phase Diagram for water, fit for normal daily life. It gets a bit more complicated when you push it to further extremes. It is also more complicated in that there isn't just a single version of ice, but rather something like 18+ known versions (and some more that are still only theoretical?) produced at different extremes with different structures and properties.

[@photonicpizza1466]

That's a different kind of ice, such as ice VI, ice VII, or ice X. Different arrangements of the water molecules either to different crystal lattices, or no crystal lattice at all (amorphous ice). The ice we normally interact with, ice I, melts under higher pressure, but once the pressure gets high enough, it can reform as a solid with a different structure. Water is very, _very_ weird.

[@DANGJOS]

@Yasuri Kressh I'm not aware of any astronomical objects with that kind of ice, but yes, it is possible. If you extend the phase diagram to even higher pressures, the ice takes on a different structure (I think it may be cubic, instead of the familiar hexagonal ice). This cubic ice is *more dense* than not just regular ice, but also more dense than normal liquid water! So it would actually sink.

[@FauzanARB]

I thought this was answered in a video made almost a decade ago,but looks like we learned something. Thanks!

[@Johnny-dj4xe]

Really glad i opened this video. Subbing

[@Q_20]

VPNs offer additional security only over a public network. Otherwise, it's just a proxy.

[@Zomakoguy]

But an encrypted proxy, right?

[@elllqslaz]

@@Zomakoguy nope

[@fghsgh]

@@Zomakoguy kzbin.info/www/bejne/jYengnilmpuNjbs

[@noinformationavailable4114]

Not necessarilly, proxy traffic is just forwarding specific data to point b and then outwards, a vpn typically will have more security and will encrypt everything outbound of a network for a specific device.

[@fghsgh]

Another advantage of a VPN is that it is a proxy for all kinds of connections, while a "proxy" proxy is just for HTTP. Also, it lets you connect multiple devices to one virtual LAN network, but maybe some VPN services don't allow that.

[@raulvanhoorde1215]

But then why are not all crystaline structures slippery? Salt?

[@syndicatepro8174]

No H bonds, NaCl = trigonal planar Salt BP/MP different.

[@bemusedbandersnatch2069]

@@syndicatepro8174 Actually what else is there out there that's like H-bonds in water really? H-bonds are weird.

[@plaguex5z011]

@@bemusedbandersnatch2069 I could be wrong but I’m pretty sure water is such a unique molecule due it’s hydrogen bonds being entirely unique.

[@alicearmstrong1702]

Thanks for that JJBA reference. I enjoyed it immensely

[@pengchengwu447]

Thank you for this headsup

[@besser-nicht]

Short: gravitation sucks Long: pressure + gravitation sucks even more

[@savageissb850]

Jojo reference 6:10

[@nalikepanda4006]

Thank you for supporting team trees.

[@kentjohnduga6833]

We should have known. At engineering school, when we were taught that water in any of its three phases do something weird (solid less dense than liquid, autoionization of water, six-side crystalline structure of ice, etc.), this is always attributed to its capability to H-bond. And indeed, H-bonding did something weird again! Thanks Joe!

[@ntnwwnet]

Obligatory NordVPN warning: do some research before giving them your money.