The Top 5 Places We Could Colonize In Our Solar System | Answers With Joe

[@jshepard152]

Thanks for the Gene Cernan mention. Cernan went to the moon not once, but twice. And he was a classy guy. About a year before his death I sent him a copy of his book and asked him to autograph it to my son, who was 2 at the time. A few weeks later I got it back. It read "Dear Elliott, for you the sky will never be the limit. From the moon! Gene Cernan, commander, Apollo 17." Cernan really wanted to inspire the next generation and he never stopped advocating for space exploration. He really was a hero.

[@wolf1066]

OK. That got me crying. What a cool dude he was.

[@dinnerwithfranklin2451]

Very cool story. He does sound a classy guy

[@RealBradMiller]

That's awesome! Thank you for sharing. ☺️

[@shirleymental4189]

Sulfuric acid clouds ain't so bad. I went to Beijing once.

[@maxdembroski7956]

Johnny Solipsis yeah, until you cough up a lung.

[@nightlightabcd]

And it would only cost a hundred trillion dollars! And since the people that make most of the money, don't pay taxes, like Trump, I guess they could afford it! Especially if they cab use the government to have working people pay for i8t!

[@jairofthecosmos5022]

@Tom Meyers why you racist?

[@annferguson3113]

Tom Meyers Everything was okay until you showed up. Hate channels (CNN and TYT you guys flock there) is 👉🏻 way.

[@Yumemaru.]

😭

[@michaelklim8277]

I mean, if humans haven't figured out how to spread out to at least Alpha Centauri by the time the sun explodes, do we really deserve to escape?

[@tanmoysd2721]

Yes I agree. Sun explosion is so far in the future that we don't even have to consider it. There will be thousands of mass extinction event from now to that point. And we have to escape earth before the first one hit earth.

[@notlogical4016]

honestly, which is why i cant wait for 2022 and 2024 for elon musk to send the first full fledged space ships to mars

[@donkeyslayer4661]

You're kinda dim, aren't you? When the sun explodes billions and billions of years from now, Homo Sapians won't even be a.distant memory.

[@beanbandit495]

@@donkeyslayer4661 no, you're just a pessimist

[@anotheruser676]

@@beanbandit495 yes, because after that much time Homo Sapiens will be incredibly far back in the species tree.

[@xscale]

Venus is actually much, much better than you suggest. While sulfuric acid is a problem at 50K up, the almost Earth-normal pressure, temperature and gravity at that altitude make it vastly easier than any of your other selections. And we can generate water from the sulfuric acid so it's actually a massive advantage if treated properly. A balloon filled with Earth atmosphere has about the same buoyancy in Venus's atmosphere as a Helium balloon on Earth so there's no need for any kind of power supply to maintain altitude. And a key point you missed: thanks to Venus's upper atmosphere above you and greater proximity to the sun, you experience vastly less cosmic radiation than Mars or any of the outer moons. Finally ... low gravity, it turns out, is deadly to humans. Astronauts spending just a year in it come back with permanent disabilities. That means the Moon, Mars and the outer moons aren't places we can colonise without far better genetic engineering tech than we're likely to manage this century. McKendree cylinders inside asteroids are still safer, easier and more profitable places to live than floating cities on Venus ... but if we're going to colonise another planet, Venus is emphatically it. Also Venus is a better prospect for terraforming than Mars. Much easier to change the composition of an atmosphere through a bioengineered trophic cascade than by nuking the poles ... and nuking Mars's poles doesn't do a thing to fix its radiation and gravity problems. Venus is the closest thing to a second Earth we're ever going to get. But easier still to use algae farming to fix our carbon pollution problems right here on Earth and then get on with terraforming Antarctica and the Sahara. Both of which are far more hospitable and accessible than Mars or Venus.

[@Knackebrodz]

Excellent points. I fear we will see a future war for resources on the Antarctic and as for colonizing, it's harsh but doable.

[@ryanmoss7512]

Good points, but you'd always be earth or space dependent. Mining resources would be much more of a pain then on most of the other suggested targets. You could put some cool outposts there, but actual colonization would be tough.

[@givememybaconplz6061]

There is no future on Venus.. When the sun becomes red gaint it swallow the planets even our own planet earth. Mars should be one to focus on.

[@drjojo5551]

Knackebrodz dude...why don't you move your family and all your shit into an underground metal tube and start living the good space colonist's life!! AND if you get enough of living the life of a mole....why open the hatch and grab some clean air and maybe some rays!! Hell......you could even go to the beach and check out some ass!!!

[@drjojo5551]

Ryan Moss dude....practice here in the Gobi, the Sahara, or if cold is your pleasure Siberia or northern Canada!! AND let's see just how long you and the wifey and the kids would last in your underground condo????

[@jimgreen3966]

Woh, living above Venus would be like living on Cloud City.

[@drjojo5551]

Yeah!!! No cars, no bullet trains,but best of all NO COPS!!!!

[@SeeIHaveFriends]

Like the one from og Star Wars?

[@morganblackpowder1724]

Jim Green this guy gets it :D

[@CarlosAM1]

@@drjojo5551 no cops means complete anarchy and if theres complete anarchy then I can just kill everyone.

[@marcuswelch4515]

@@CarlosAM1 No cops means that more people would arm themselves and the private security sector would trend upwards.

[@ishouldhavetried]

So live on Mars, store our supplies on the moon, get our water from Europa, and import oxygen from Titan. I like it.

[@kentharris7427]

We can haul a Neutron star to Mars for energy since they're only 20 km in diameter and build a Dyson sphere around it!

[@louiscabrera7552]

I don't like the water from their to much sulphuric acid in in for my taste.

[@jrag1000]

that's the fantastic thing about chemistry, we can filter and cleanse resources and also convert resources.

[@MakeDemocracyMagnificientAgain]

and make holidays on Venus :D

[@GHOST-be9wo]

Titan has no oxygen, import it from Europa as well 😂

[@KrisBendix]

This list nicely confirms my idea. Do what peoples say - colonize the space... The Space. Not a planet. Work more on developing easy to build and maintain centrifugal space stations and ships. Much more manageable. Can adjust the environment perfectly. Can live almost anywhere in space, as long as it is not too close to Jupiter, Sun etc. And can live in the orbits of any potential planets for future colonization and work on terraforming before landing on them.

[@DagarCoH]

In principle sure, this is something we should also do (and are more or less training for with the several space stations we had and have), but I think it is not really easier than having a colony on any rocky planet (or in the clouds of Venus for that matter). The advantages are that you are independent from any local natural disaster and that you do not need any landing technology, the disadvantages are the long term exposures to space hazards like micro meteorites and radiation alongside the hazards the body you would want to orbit poses, and the lack of material. Once we can get the the Asteroid belt, the last one will be no problem (along with the first ones, possibly), but that is quite a far away Once.

[@KrisBendix]

Interesting. Well, as far as I understand (correct me if I'm wrong) then the biggest problem is the cosmic rays and other harmful forms of radiation. Perhaps there would be ways around with some light weight structure to reflect or absorb them. I'm sure many solutions have been considered. If can't, then we could perhaps use a bit of the Moon. It is easier to get stuff in the Moons orbit after all. Maybe launch the stuff from Moon on a maglev. What is the Moons orbiting velocity? 4000 km/h? Doable on maglev in a vacuum. And when it comes to centrifugal construction, then it could mostly be held together by cables. They would be "hanging" from the center at one G if I get it right. One G is doable too. We are doing it all the time on the Earth. So Moon could be necessary, yes. But we already did it before. A piece of cake. Or... piece of cheese rather. :p And we don't have to build Elysium sized thing right away.

[@CarFreeSegnitz]

DagarCoH In space or on a planetary surface you're faced with having to maintain an Earth atmosphere. The additional pain in the butt for a planetary surface is that you have to bring that habitat down a gravity well. Or you could build a habitat from scratch, an option available on a planetary surface or free space using asteroid materials. The end results will be different. On a planetary surface you will be stuck with the gravity you've got. In free-space you can choose whatever gravity suits your fancy. Go zero G for endless acrobatic fun but incur health hazards. Go 1-G for ideal comfort. Go a partial G to acclimatize to living on one of the smaller planetary bodies. Go over 1-G for the ultimate athletic training. A space habitat makes a great jumping off point for other space activities. Putting down on a planetary body means having to claw back out of the body's gravity well to go home or on to any other space destination. Going anywhere else from a free-space habitat is just a matter of letting go and light up a low-thrust/high-isp rocket. A free space habitat only differs from an ultra-luxury space liner by the addition of rockets. For extreme crewed missions you can't beat a spinning habitat for elbow room.

[@DagarCoH]

Lenard Segnitz yeah, I know that. First of all, you can also have rotating habitats on bodies with less than earth gravity to simulate 1G. Second of all my point is that you need to get the material to space first in order to construct your space craft. Asteroids will do, obviously, but they are hard to come by from down here in a usable form. You would need to get humans out to the Asteroid belt to construct the ships there (or have robots construct it and send the humans afterwards), and we have been nowhere even remotely there with manned missions. The amount of matter you need as far as current tech goes to have a sustainable ship for years are just mind blowing; far more than we can reasonably bring up here from Earth. Now we could bring matter up from the Moon, but for that we would need some form of permanently manned settlement there first. All imho, I am no expert in this field. And btw. Isaac Arthur talks in one of his videos about it being more expensive to bring stuff from the Asteroid belt to Earth (e.g. to construct a ship out of it close to home) than bringing stuff up from here, so that won't work either (unless we maybe catch an Asteroid happening to come close by, but this is also something very dangerous and never done before).

[@CarFreeSegnitz]

DagarCoH Getting materials from the asteroid belt is a long game. Getting materials from Near-Earth-Objects would kill two birds with one stone. NEOs are energetically far easier to get to than the asteroid belt, some even easier than the surface of the Moon. NEOs are a collision threat, mining them into non-existence removes that threat. We could start with Apophis which is expected to make a close call in 2029 and maybe again in 2036. Bennu would also make a tempting target as it's a potential collision threat in about 800 years. I've heard many schemes for setting up planet-bound centrifuges. All of them suffer from constant energy inputs and moving parts that will wear out. And they sit at the bottom of a planetary gravity well. Free-space habitats once brought up to the appropriate spin rate stay that way. I grant we need to work out the necessary tech for docking, power, shielding. Docking is "easy" at the center of spin, the only point of zero gravity in a spinning habitat. Shielding could be cinched by constructing a non-rotating outer shell then mounting the habitat inside and attached by the axis. Shielding is going to heavy necessitating asteroid materials. Launching it from Earth will be far too expensive even if SpaceX manages its dream of dropping its price to 1% the current going rate. Shielding doesn't have to fancy: a thick layer of rock to deal with collisions and a decent layer of water or ice as radiation shielding. Build in a door to facilitate comings and goings. Communications arrays and solar collectors could be build on the outside where it's expected to remain in zero G. Power will have to be transferred wirelessly between the shell and the habitat. I can't think of any scheme whereby an extension cord wouldn't get twisted to hell in short order. My best guess would be paired induction rings at the axis where the spinning hab meets the shield structure.

[@izzynobre]

7:55 I think he’s talking about Jupiter’s magnetosphere, not gravity, here.

[@md.zimamahmed9584]

The gravity of Jupiter compresses the whole planet a bit which is what he is talking about And after that he talks about magnetosphere which sort of funnels the radiation to Europa

[@christianjensen952]

Yes 👍

[@oilersridersbluejays]

I'm your Venus, I'm your fire, Your desire.

[@erichalvor516]

NOW IT'S STUCK IN MY HEAD

[@Majinbeck_exe]

Ludwig van Beethoven hi Mr. Wolfgang

[@oilersridersbluejays]

@@Majinbeck_exe you have me confused with someone else...

[@parachuteguy3992]

@@oilersridersbluejays Beethoven Haydn Mozart Shubert Brahms Tchaikovsky Bach Handel Chopin Liszt Strauss

[@zrebbesh]

I will take would-be interplanetary colonists more seriously after they demonstrate their basic technological competence by establishing and maintaining self-sufficient colonies in Antarctica and somewhere deep on the ocean floor. Both are far easier than the interplanetary targets.

[@morganblackpowder1724]

I never really thought of it that way, but your statement makes a lot of sense :D

[@fallendown8828]

Dude this is so true! But also we need a Mars colony too because it is the easyest to make than your idea and THEN the other planets/moons if necessary

[@Kaylee-Renee]

Not really. Antarctica is resource poor, yes we could spend a fortune to set it up but solar power would be useless 6 months of the year and theres no other fuel source unless we ship it in. The sea floor the pressure is extreme and we couldn't build on a planet that had that kind of gravity for the same reason. Both it would be stupid to mine we'd only cause further problems to the only planet we have right now. Mars and the moon would be good for base camps as being crushed isnt an issues and we can make power.

[@LordPhobos6502]

You're right, building a prototype moon/mars base in Antartica as a test run would be a good way to start ironing out some of the bugs, at far less cost, and we can send lunar soil analogue to test remote manufacturing techniques as well 🙂

[@aarontoussaint8364]

@@Kaylee-Renee wind power is pretty much limitless in Antarctica.

[@GiesbertNijhuis]

Or forget about them problematic planets & moons, instead built fleets of huge spaceships.

[@lucth16]

Indeed, I was thinking the same thing. Why not colonize space? We'd control everything on spaceships.

[@timgermanyjr]

I agree. Wall E style. With no engineering limitations in space you could build large enough space stations to house hundreds of thousands of people. Since we can control the air pressure and generate artificial gravity it's def the most likely scenario. Plus, if an asteroid is on its way it can just move out the way.

[@TheReal_ist]

Luc Sasaki Were looking at planets because it's something that is stable. But not so extreme like space which has zero gravity zero air pressure. And is extremely cold. Trying to build off from warmer temps, actual gravity, and some air pressure is far better. Than building an entire earth I. Space from scratch.

[@CarFreeSegnitz]

The Realist Perhaps you missed it but Mars, Europa and Titan are far harder to deal with temperature-wise than vacuum space. Thermal conduction is vastly more efficient at transfering heat than a vacuum. Setting down on the three outer targets will incur far more heating for the colonists. Venus does have the advantage of providing a shirt-sleeve temperature at a roughly Earth-pressure atmosphere. A vacuum is the gold standard for insulation. Heat does transfer through a vacuum but only through radiation. A habitat in the vacuum of space just needs appropriate mirrors or shading to maintain ideal temperature.

[@KrisBendix]

A lot of people have this idea. Let's do it.

[@ValensBellator]

It just seems like the moon would be such a good place to practice. I wish we’d started down that road sooner.

[@fallendown8828]

"we should have a Moon base by now, it is 2017. What is going on?" -Elon Musk

[@aarontoussaint8364]

@@fallendown8828 Elon Musk is a moron.

[@aarontoussaint8364]

An orbital colony would be cheaper.

[@ej28]

@@aarontoussaint8364 Definitely not initially. If you mean low Earth orbit humanity has no future staying so close to Earth.

[@dalemartin815]

8:57 A fart so cold, that it runs down your leg. 😵

[@hendrsb33]

eeewwwwww!

[@garethhughes5745]

Quality :D

[@randomuser5443]

Dale Martin pain

[@nightlightabcd]

Totally uncouth and stupid! I'm betting you're a Psycho Don supporter!

[@zealandia5668]

Hahaha

[@BobbyCoggins]

O'Neill Cylinders! Why fight a gravity well when you can spin up your own gravity and build your own habitat to suit your desires?

[@v1.61]

lol tell that to the fluid in your ears mate :)

[@akapilka]

@@v1.61 Earth also rotates, you know? A cylinder big enough needs less rotation speed, and thus it'll be more similar to Earth's gravity and the Coriolis effect (also the orientation and equilibrium problem) will be unnoticeable. It's theorised that a cylinder with just 4km of diameter is big enough to pretty much nullify all of the weird effects of artificial gravity. And the bigger, the slower, and the slower the merrier. It's just a matter of design and size.

[@aldri346]

@@akapilka if its big enough to not be confusing for our sensors its big enough to collapse to gravity

[@akapilka]

@@aldri346 collapse to gravity in a Lagrange point in the middle of space... Sure.

[@aldri346]

@@akapilka dumbass under its own gravity

[@anthonyraines7867]

Just wanted to tell how much I like your show, (one of my favorites). Your sense of humor has me rolling sometimes. Informative and humorous. THX.

[@Mrbfgray]

Joe: you have an exceptionally good, entertaining and unique style. WELL DONE and Thanks!

[@joescott]

I appreciate that, thanks!

[@Mrbfgray]

(Not to overlook the intelligent content of course as none of us would be here without that. :-) ) Definitely one of my faves.

[@Brinta3]

Joe Scott Insightful videos, very well explained. But... I hate the amount of cuts you use. Some videos are worse offenders than others (the reasons not to go to Mars video had very short shots). You say one sentence, cut to the next shot where you say one sentence, cut... etc. It’s terribly annoying for the eyes to see you skipping from place to place on the screen. It’s tiring to watch. Maybe try saying... three sentences in a row? The weird thing is that you seem to do it very much on purpose, because you reposition yourself with every cut.

[@TheOneTonHammer]

Wouldn’t melting the poles on mars only be a temporary fix? With no magnetic protection, the new atmosphere would just get blown off into space like the original, right?

[@earshotmedia7629]

TheOneTonHammer Perhaps a large moon would create enough tidal forces in Mars' interior to create a molten core and potentially a magnetosphere. Lotta work, though.

[@beringstraitrailway]

No, it would take millions of years for that to happen.

[@earshotmedia7629]

Benjamin Lewis I thought Terraforming acknowledged timescales like that.

[@theepicchaos101]

One idea is to build a super magnet and put in orbit around Mars to act as an artificial magnetic field

[@earshotmedia7629]

EpicChaos I wonder if an electrical current can be run through a modified orbital ring to produce a giant electromagnet. Two birds with one stone? I think Isaac Arthur would approve.

[@untruelie2640]

Venus would also be my top candidate. We could extract water, hydrogen, oxygen and potenially even carbon from it's atmosphere. There is still the problem that Venus' rotation is extremely slow, but the upper parts of the atmosphere go around the planet about every 4-5 days, so there would be day and night periods of about 2 days - which is manageable for humans, I suppose.

[@Kamenriderneo]

The man who walked on the Moon club is only the most exclusive because some of them died. Technically, that would make the actors who played James Bond a more exclusive club. I'm only mentioning this because Pierce Bros

[@randysmith9715]

Once you have climbed out of a gravity well, why would you go back into the well??? Build a habitat in high orbit OR one of the Lagrange points and live there. Solar power is free and plentiful.

[@yvanpajevic9680]

I know...nobody seems to get that. Once you're out of the G well you want to STAY close to earth and enjoy what protection you can from the magnetic shield. For a serious colony/outpost we still need a planet and Mars is the obvious choice...any other selection and the difficulty level gets much higher.

[@CarlosAM1]

@@yvanpajevic9680 titan and venus are way easier than mars.

[@CarlosAM1]

Yes, but the solar panels break and are really toxic

[@MattChez]

Because microgravity causes major health problems is why.

[@edgeeffect]

Osteoporosis?!?!?!

[@everybodyslawyersusanbetzj5721]

Ceres has the temperature range of Antarctica and a lot of water

[@raminagrobis6112]

Yes, but.... Is water really that abundant? The presence of a liquid ocean under the surface has been recently. questioned. Of course, if it is confirmed, Ceres might be a low gravity alternative. Question: the question of its atmosphere has not been answered yet. There is good evidence that water vapor is prwsent, but the pressure and the rest of its composition (assuming it is more complex) are still ubknown. Thus, Joe was right in omitting it (data insufficient). I think we should really focus on thre possibilities for terraforming for each option. Some lend themselves better than others for modification. Personally, I think Mars should be really examined closely, despite its really thin atmosphere. As mentioned, CO2 could be vaporized (sublimated) to obtain a greenhouse effect, and this is a major plus for the Martian option. Plus, thanks to Matt Damon, we now know how to grow potatoes on it. Oops sorry! Wrong universe !! My bad. I really love Titan for its endless possibilities for terraforming and for its organic synthesis resources. For organic chemists, Titan is very very cold Paradise... If only we could further increase the greenhouse effect. ... Unfortunatelt, Titan's atmosphere has the opposite problem : it is way too thick ! As a result, sunlight is in fact considerably blocked at its input, no matter how effective atmospheric methane is in keeping thermal energy within the atmosphere. But even if its atmosphere was less opaque, tgere are linits to the highest temperatures one can reach this far away from the sun. So, one cannot hope to increase the tenperature enough so as to go out just wearing a jacket :) Much terraforming would need to be done to make the atmosphete breathable, especially since there is enough cyanide in its atmosphere to kill anybody within minutes! But that's no big deal. The major ingredient missing, (and thank God it's missing!) is .....oxygen. The main atmospheric gases on Titan are nitrogen (just like our Earth, so that's a big plus in terms of having a main component that is inert.), ethane and methane. The lack of oxygen makes it safe as long as we wear a suit when going outside . Otherwise, there is enough fuel on and inside that moon to make it explode like a Death Star from Star Wars... Oceans of methane would ignite and cause the biggest exploding wildfire in the whole solar system. And if controlled, this would solve the problem of surface temperature ...for a while. Indeed, due again to the shielding effect of its thick atmosphere, the heat generated by burning methane lakes would take a long time to escape to outer space. Nah... That wouldn't last long enough to constitute a viable solution. On the other hand, there is good evidence for titanothermal sources of geysers and cryovolcanoes, and this is worth exploring. As with Europa, too, the supporting evidence for extraterrestrial life on Titan keeps consolidating. I do hope projects for further exploration of Titan using ribotic chemical probes will be approved. Titan is a real treasure trove for studying the origins of life, as its atmosphere is so close to Earth's before life began on our planet...

[@pogdog86]

@@raminagrobis6112 bruh

[@richdobbs6595]

Also, lots of carbon. Might need to import metals from other asteroids. Build your city as a large centrifuge to get gravity?

[@hermeticxhaote4723]

If they required kids to read good science fiction we could have the world we want.

[@erichalvor516]

Agreed.

[@hermeticxhaote4723]

@@holdyup1037 yes, also Revelation Space by Alastair Reynolds.

[@jaysonmokhwanatsi7365]

Agg yes force people to have the same interests as us.. How ethical

[@hakaandavor2789]

@@jaysonmokhwanatsi7365 I mean from where I’m from religion is forced on you the second you enter school and nobody bats an eye, but I guess teaching kids about the possibilities of the future is “Unethical”

[@fallendown8828]

Are you talking abouth Elon Musk? Because i know for a fact he was reading some galactic civilization books and look where he did ended up. He is gonna colonize the Mars before 2030! THIS IS AWSOME

[@sally4388]

1. With Europe you can always add Callisto and Ganymede. They are very similar, all probably have underwater oceans, Ganimede even has the magnetic field and Callisto is very far from Jupiter and its deadly radiation belts. 2. On Mercury's poles there are places of eternal shadow that have ice in them. So you can live there and use the energy of the Sun and if you put a tower there, it would be in the eternal light of the Sun. 3. Ceres, because this close Dwarf planet is not different if you managed to get Moon colony already.

[@CarFreeSegnitz]

ᕳᖊ ᖹᘂᗩᖌᖋ ᘒᗜᖶ ᘈ I'd add that Ceres is believed to be roughly 30% water by weight. Ceres weighs roughly 9.29 * 10^20 kg, so there's roughly 3 * 10^20 kg of water. That's more than enough water for humanity's needs in space for trillions of us and raw materials for rocket fuel for a long, long time. As a bonus the water is believed to be very near the surface. Getting it off the surface will be a cakewalk in Ceres' 3% G surface gravity, even a modest hobbyist rocket could put hundreds of kg in orbit around Ceres. The only downside to Ceres is it's far away, well beyond Mars. It will take a mature space economy to even get to Ceres and more to economically extract the water. But once we're there we can bootstrap a huge Ceres colony.

[@joescott]

Maybe I should have made a top 10. :)

[@bassmanjr100]

I definitely agree Callisto is a better choice than Europa.

[@lilaclizard4504]

I've never heard of or dreamed of Mercury as an option before, intriguing! This sort of stuff is why I read video comments :))) Isn't there still radiation issues though? & what's gravity& pressure like there?

[@BlunderCity]

_"close Dwarf planet"_ Close? Really? You go first, give me a call when you get there.

[@s.i.rjewel828]

Wish you do more videos like this one, also titan as a refueling station seems super legit

[@JimGiant]

The thin atmosphere on Mars could be a good thing. It's thick enough to slow space crafts down with parachutes but thin enough to make travel on the surface more energy efficient. There would also be far less wind chill so it wouldn't feel anywhere near as cold as it actually is. You would need to live in pressurised habitats but apart from that it would be pretty convenient. Titan could be a great place for building supercomputers, high pressure and extremely low temperature would be great for cooling circuits.

[@steve42lawson]

No longer a need for dangerous drafting behind a freight truck!

[@CarFreeSegnitz]

Big thumbs up for the coming collaboration with Isaac Arthur. Europa - you got the gravity and magnetosphere confused. Gravity keeps things in orbit. The magnetosphere keeps the radiation high... unbearably high. We can get away with the radiation on Europa, it's far enough away from the worst of Jupiter's radiation belts... unlike Io where you'd get a lethal dose in minutes on its surface. Venus - sure you will find an atmospheric pressure and temperature very similar to Earth, but you'd better be super confident about your balloon technology. One malfunction of the balloon tech and the colony sinks down into the crushing hell of the deeper atmosphere. Don't forget to test the balloon tech under sulphuric acid rain conditions! One option that was notably missing is free-floating habitats. Spinning habitats in low-Earth-orbit (LEO) would have benefits of extremely low communication latancy with home (close enough to instant to call it instant). An equitorial orbit would benefit from Earth's magnetosphere requiring less shielding than most other locations. The commute to LEO could be as short as a few hours and the return home is really easy. LEO habitats could have commercial applications like tourism, communication, and Earth imaging. I will grant free-floating habitats don't fit the planet/moon theme. Perhaps the benefits of free-floating habitats could get its own segment.

[@astrofrk]

In a way, we have that with the space station and as far back as Skylab. Europa has radiation from Jupiter but water blocks radiation, just as it does with our nuclear plants. Besides breathable air, water is the most important thing to have. From water, one can create hydrogen which can be used to fuel generators and engines. Titan would be a far greater challenge than Europa. Mars is a better choice than Venus IMO. Of course, we would have to start with colonizing Luna to the extent of the show "Space 1999" before going elsewhere. Hopefully, we wouldn't turn the moon into an interplanetary traveler as the series did.

[@ruan3352]

Habitats in LEO seem very nice but it's not as satisfying as walking and living on an extraterrestrial body of land.

[@fireofenergy]

AP3X M0NK3Y Habitats would be far more enjoyable... You forget to factor in the human and future options... Kinda like how we would do it on Earth. Do we like walking on deserts that rival hell (future global warming pending)? We'll be more satisfied when we Terra form it (deserts on Earth) back to habitable conditions. There is no practical way to do so with planets that all have at least a hundred fold more Terra forming _challenges_ . The Dyson swarm is the best way to house literally thousands of trillions of people, and their bugs, birds, forests and pets, too. And yes, some of those planets, like Mercury and the outer moons, might get mined into _nothing_ in the awesome process of converting raw materials into billions of large city like spinning habitats, atmospheres and life !

[@ruan3352]

fireofenergy sounds fun but how realistic is this in the near future like mars?

[@fireofenergy]

AP3X M0NK3Y I would think it would be easier to build the livable space that Mars could provide, than to completely terraform Mars itself, in a shorter amount of time, and closer to home, in thousands of complete little "pieces". But ya, colonize Mars too, if we can afford to take on that single astronomical challenge of creating a planetary atmosphere and the planetary scale radiation protection. That'll probably happen much later when we have vastly more resources and sources of energy.

[@ZIGMER]

Venus, a Domed Cloud City.

[@bradleymalcolm7025]

Thank god someone else knows if you convert co2 to o2 and wear acid protection youre pretty much fine

[@michaelt.5672]

Biggest benefit of Venus (in my opinion): You could spend years there, and still return to earth without significant problems (other than a 10% weight gain). If your body acclimates to Mars over 2-3 years, it will be a MASSIVE effort to get you back to a shape in which you can function on earth again. So if you're going there long-term, there's effectively no going back. So if you want to colonise a place with specialists (and build up a self-sustaining system there), Venus is the better option. It would be comparable to people working on an oil rig.

[@TheLAGopher]

It's much easier to travel between Venus and Earth than between Earth and Mars. Venus is a much better choice for large scale Human habitation because a child born in a Venus colony would be able to visit Earth with little to no muscular/skeletal issues. Someone born on Mars would never be able to run on a grass field of Earth.

[@SciHeartJourney]

We should try to colonize the deserts of the Southwest. If you can't make it there, you won't have a chance at surviving in space.

[@joegerhard615]

Whats the point in that?

[@paulallen2680]

Oil

[@Rasaevire]

Southwest of what? What country, celestial body? THE SAUCE? Please clarify I can sleep because of this comment

[@tiskolin]

Finally, a fellow Venus fan!

[@septegram]

Living US presidents is more exclusive, with just five.

[@a.c.1605]

You missed a golden chance to reference Cloud City with the Venus explanation!

[@as07011]

but others did not miss it

[@calebwaddell6948]

As they said in 2010 regarding Europa, "Attempt no landing there." I agree. Well I mean we should land there, but we need to make sure there's no life before we start living in the oceans and contaminate the whole world. I'd say Ganamede and or Calisto are a safer bet. And those two moons have good mining prospects on top of the subterranean ocean. (literally) Also, I think the main reason we dont see more talk abt cloud cities on Venus isnt because it's harder or more dangerous than Mars, but instead people just find the idea wak. Way out there. No one wants to fund a cloud city (even though it would be awesome).

[@chloewright1]

@Joe Scott I absolutely love your videos! I only found your channel fairly recently, but you're already my favourite youtuber. The topics are always interesting and I really love the way you present the videos and engage with your audience. Plus you're funny and rather handsome, so that helps! Love from the UK 😊😘

[@brianbrewster6532]

Hail Isaac! Man - he is one cool cat. I've been watching his videos for years now. He really researches his material thoroughly and does a magnificent job at presenting this to the public.

[@kwinvdv]

I don't think that the gravity of Jupiter plays a big role in its radiation (belts). Its strong magnetic field does. It is similar to the radiation belts around the Earth, only much more intense and much larger.

[@joescott]

Yep, you're the first of many that noticed that mistake - which I didn't notice until it was already on KZbin. It was a misstatement. Meant to say magnetic fields.

[@seraphina985]

The sulphuric acid is an inconvenience but hardly a showstopper making industrial scale hardware with corrosion resistant properties is a pretty routine engineering problem here on Earth. When you need to handle billions of tons of materials like Sulphuric Acid, Nitric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid, Chlorine etc every year in chemical plants and transporting them around the world on every form of transport imaginable you learn a thing or two about how to protect your equipment from exposure to such.

[@joescott]

Good point.

[@lucidmoses]

+Seraphina S, Do you happen to have an example? I know of no system like that, that doesn't require periodic maintenance. Colonization would be considered sorta permanent and I'd be interested in reading about something that could stand up to that. Heck, We can't even keep water out of a house for 50 years never mind indefinitely.

[@seraphina985]

+Lucid Moses I'm not saying that maintenance robots to refresh the coating wouldn't be required merely that the technology to devise the corrosion protection exists. Hell it will probably eventually need a small leak to be patched here and there though of course with the internal and external pressure being equal the mixing would be slow enough to allow the section to be evacuated if needed pending repairs. Course that assumes you don't do something smart like using a double hull design or something such that if either hull failed it could be repaired without allowing direct contact between the internal and external atmosphere honestly though I struggle to see many good reasons not to have the redundancy here if the structure is intended to last long duration.

[@lucidmoses]

Ok, I was thinking more in realistic terms. It's not like there is something overly wrong with what your proposing, it's just at level of technology that would take more then the GDP of North America just to get a double hauled self repairing system there. Never mind supplies and something to put in this craft. But of course, this is not impossible. Maybe worth a look once we get a much, Much, MUCH cheaper cheaper way to get mas orbit. But as it sits, it's almost breaking the bank to get something the size of a VW Beetle to mars. Wonder what it would cost to send a double hauled self repairing titanic to Venus? That is, if a permanent colony could be sustained on something as small as the titanic.

[@TheLAGopher]

From what I hear,the colony would be constructed out of materials processed out of the very atmosphere of Venus.The Carbon Dioxide could be made into ceramics and the acid could be chemically broken down into water,oxygen or Hydrogen. Nitrogen would need to be imported.From Earth at first (some say a huge import would be manure)But a good long term source would be shipping it in from a Titan Colony. An industrial base of smaller manned airship stations control automated factories would build the larger structures long before huge numbers of colonists arrived.

[@lawrencehartmann6771]

Has Joe done a video on space elevator. I'd love to hear his ideas on this

[@TheJasonmassia]

Great video, and sense of humor.. Love the 'Subliminal Note'! I would have to agree with your Venus option.. It kinda reminds me of the Tibanna gas mining colony managed by Lando Calrissian.

[@comradevadim8683]

titan is the best option. it actually has water under its surface too so you can electrolyze it to get oxygen and hydrogen which can be used as fuel. the water can also be used to grow plants. titan's atmosphere is important because it shields the surface from radiation meaning you don't need radiation protection there. if you lived above venus' atmosphere, the radiation would be so high you would need extremely heavy radiation shielding to survive and since radiation shielding is made of lead, it would probably be heavy enough to where you would no longer be able to float.

[@raijinmeister]

Wow, colonizing Venus would make literally everybody tripping on acid.

[@nubiorevoredo]

raijinmeister 😂😂😂

[@Obeijin]

Venus is 900' ....

[@DaybreakPT]

Of the eye melting variety...

[@venlil]

It would be easier than Mars due to bouency

[@adnanjusic4890]

Well acids can be removed from atmosphere of venus.. not easy to do ofc.. but is posible.

[@dannechita8577]

I say to go on Sun. Then i won't be have to pay bill for electricity and heating.

[@101perspective]

Also, make sure you don't stare at... well, anything.

[@marcpeterson1092]

Yeah, the AC bills are outrageous.

[@cooldude4346]

Marc Peterson Yep, they’ll make your blood boil.

[@jaybee0507]

Either i'm having a good day or these jokes are better than the usual youtube comments.

[@louisjanhsen9064]

hahaha

[@Imtotallydiggingthis]

Why the checkmark for gravity on Mars? It's far too little for humans to live there permanently. We'd need something artificial to stay healthy.

[@antifusion]

Actually we have no data to conclude the long term affects of living in Mars gravity only in micro gravity and the extremely brief time in lunar gravity. Sure we can speculate but science is about 100% certainty because of accumulated data in said condition. There is nothing wrong with theories of course but wording is important.

[@earthalienzapa3237]

see back side earth moon lots going on.

[@terrelshumway427]

Isaac Arthur talks about increasing the native gravity with spin gravity. The physics are pretty simple. As @antifusion mentions, we have no data on long-term effects of low gravity, only medium-term effects of micro-gravity. Scott Kelly's experience is pretty scary, however.

[@JohnPowell6]

@@terrelshumway427 We have no idea how much gravity is necessary for fetal development. We are pretty sure zero/micro-g won't work www.wired.com/2009/08/spacebabies/

[@TheZeedler]

Yay! Love, love Isaac Arthur! Excited to learn more about your channel, Joe!

[@Juntaski]

Hey Joe, first I want to say that I enjoyed your videos a lot and just love the casual style at which you explain things. I am curious about one thing. What is the purpose of the piano/instrumental music playing in the background of the video from time to time? I didn't even know where that came from until half a dozen videos later... haha

[@FebvsGX]

planet Vulcan for the win

[@MrDalek2150]

Prune Juice Power Doctor Who (Reference to the 2nd Doctors very first episode)

[@wesleyking9994]

Who are the 134 Haters! Good Videos. Informative and entertaining enough to be enjoyable while listening.

[@redmeat4vegans62]

Haters gotta hate. Some people are just born that way. OR, are those the aliens trying to stop us from branching out????????

[@drjojo5551]

Yeah the aliens are probably concerned with humans spreading their pollution, wars, the contamination of a pristine environment!! All you space wackos should be living in a space mock-up colony here on the planet! Get a straight-up experience for five years!!! But NO sex during the trial!!

[@drjojo5551]

Ron Helms Ronny.....I don't hate you.....I'm merely asking a few questions! You space wackos find it inconvenient?? A man of average intelligence would ask the same! BUT why don't you just extend the same energy in cleaning up OUR CURRENT HOME?????

[@daniellim8964]

Major delusion, planet jail

[@Cujo5]

Joe: "Communication is instantaneous, only a few seconds delay!" Gamers: /facepalm

[@michaeledes1111]

Lol when you mocked yourself "like eethhh" i died. so funny, i love your channel haha.

[@rajat.g6327]

Sep 2020 Astronomers: Venus might have life Venus asks this guy :what am i to you ??

[@lucth16]

Best day of the week, Arthursday! Looking forwards to the interview.

[@zigzagduck952]

see you there.. with a snack and a bevewige,

[@joescott]

It was a fun conversation. Hopefully it'll be as fun to listen to, I don't really have any interviewing skills to speak of.

[@HoyoungKang1234]

why not on Mercury. shaded area of Polar area of mercury may have low enough temperature. It is also closest average distance to earth.

[@Ass-uz7xo]

It's near to sun

[@steve42lawson]

@@Ass-uz7xo Yes! Ample solar energy, and trash disposal! Also, lovely, persistent view of the Cosmos! Favorite hangout for astronomers!

[@edgeeffect]

Because we need to disassemble Mercury to make the Dyson swarm.

[@Eliphas_Leary]

All these worlds are yours, except Europa. Attempt no landing there. Use them together. Use them in peace.

[@ronschlorff7089]

Nice, just watched that movie (2010) again recently. One of few "sequels" in sci fi that was a success!!

[@spankystar9316]

... and stay out of the Twilight Zone, too... interlopers will be dealt with enigmatically.

[@ronschlorff7089]

@Anton Boludo 2001 a Space Odyssey Many people don't get it and the sequel 2010 tries to explain a lot, like why Hal went crazy, and who are the monolith aliens, and why are they here in our solar system, etc. Highly recommended, especially if you thought 2001 was "inexplicable" and therefore "sucked"!! I recommend seeing both back to back, if you have the time; both are long movies. But you'll be very glad you did!

[@Declan-pg8cg]

@@ronschlorff7089 Please, don't use the words "2001a space odyssey" & "sucked" in the same sentence? My heart is nearly fibrillating here hearing such an association with the best film ever made.

[@ronschlorff7089]

@@Declan-pg8cg right I agree, recall, that's why I said "if you thought" (and many "knuckle draggers", such as in the first part, have said so, especially here on You Tube which is replete with them). I have it on DVD, and it is almost worn out from "over-use"! :D

[@abisheksoundararajan8130]

I just love this guy!! You follow that kinda style which makes me want to watch more of your videos, so damn entertaining all the while learning so much. BTW, one more point. If we go to Venus, we can harness the heat! one less thing to worry likewise, in other places mentioned, we need a hell lotta resources for heat and energy.

[@junoguten]

4:04 also because there's no atmosphere in the way, you can just build kind of a railway around the whole thing, have a train like thing run up to ridiculous speeds, and just let go of the cargo/people/capsule/raw material/whatever. Or some smaller circle if you want a cheaper track with lower max speed. . Imagine you stick humans in a liquid they can breathe that weighs about what humans weigh, inside a very rigid human-shaped container. Could probabably take a good amount of Gs.

[@theotherguy6951]

Given the gravity, it would make more sense to terraform Venus rather than Mars since gravity is the one thing that you can't change on an entire planet.

[@aarontoussaint8364]

Teraforming would take millennia, cloud cities would take decades and once cloud cities are established you wouldn't be able to teraform without committing genocide.

[@wakankinyan]

Came to say this. Mars is a deathtrap, no matter how fast Daddy Musk's cult want him to swing their asses in circles.

[@bobinthewest8559]

"Venus for the win... what?... oh."

[@daniellim8964]

Major delusion, planet jail

[@Skrajne_centrum]

My plan is: Take Venus atmosfer Give it to Mars Both planets are redy to colonize.

[@vijeshkumar692]

*Jeenius*

[@alang9891]

Inttellegelinent

[@zackadir2756]

G d d cv (yxn😎😎😘😎

[@CarlosAM1]

Good luck with that

[@vincentsvirtues4172]

venus does not have the atmosphere we want to breathe

[@sleepisyd6863]

I’ve been learning more from joe than my online zoom classes

[@colemiller2149]

If you're alright with half an atmosphere (similar to Mt Everest base camps) you can go up to 55km in the venusian atmosphere where its a lukewarm 80F. Get yourself some Teflon lined balloons to resist the acid clouds and you can hang out with just a face mask (w/ oxygen supply) on for a few minutes even before your skin starts to feel raw from the acid in the air.

[@roccov3614]

Thank you so much for highlighting Venus. 2 extra benefits are: an atmosphere above your head that would help in blocking cosmic rays, and lots of solar power. And even though you marked Mars's gravity as green, the truth is we really don't know what amount of gravity we need to live long term. It may be that 1/3 Earth gravity might not be enough. In that case Venus may be the only planet we can 'colonize'. Although I think most likely we will colonize space more than any planet with Oneal cylinders and such nice and close around the Earth.

[@christynpienaar]

I go with the show The Expanse on this one.. some rock solid ideas there ..

[@joescott]

Clearly I need to be watching this. Heard a lot about it.

[@ryananthony8543]

I'm currently reading the second book. Read the first one (570 pages) in 6 days. Strongly recommend.

[@annoyed707]

Pun intended?

[@lucistired]

"What's that? It rains acid? @#$%."

[@julese7790]

Good video, TY for the Venus "F" moment.... relevant now that another paper just popped talking about Earth-Venus-Mars Grav assist !

[@leoribeirodossantos1624]

I love videos like this, thank u for the entertainment

[@timrobinson513]

I think there is one more criteria!!!! What can we do there? Mars can be mined for metals, the moons can be mined for water, minerals, fuel etc, But what can we get from Venus? The materials used to build the habitats can be found everywhere else but we can't suck them out of venus' atmosphere can we? Anyone have any ideas?

[@TheMechanologist]

Living in a scorchingly hot cloud on a blimp with no resources to mine does sounds questionable. Think I'd prefer to be in orbit.

[@kennethferland5579]

Water and Carbon and Nitrogen can be obtained from the clouds of Venus. Robotic mining of the surface with payloads floated up on balloons to the habitats would be used to obtain anything else that could be found in rocks (note that Earths plate tectonics give it the best concentrations of minerals, all other bodies will be poorer). Note that mining raw materials anywhere (including Earth) is very mechanized and not something people should be anywhere near, the ability of robots to work in the environment is thus all that really matters.

[@RRW359]

Take the CO2 and put it on Mars.

[@georg841984]

acid for battery production, on earth we have to make the acid on venus its free just take it from the atmosphere

[@billdale1]

Tim Robinson RRW: Mars does NOT need CO2... that is what mainly what its very thin atmosphere consists of... what it needs mostly is free oxygen for colonists to breathe. Trying to transport any gas to another planet hundreds of millions of miles away seems far too clumsy, and energy and material intensive... we need answers much more elegant and simple.

[@lordodysseus]

If the Space Race wasn't a pissing contest between a bear and an eagle, the _The Expanse_ might not be so SciFi.

[@erichalvor516]

Unfortunately, pissing contests are what humanity has specialized in since humanity. We also *generally* suffer from a predatory short-sightedness that cripples us long-term; most humans think of what's right in front of them (focused on the gazelle's backside), and are pretty crap at looking realistically into their own short future, much less the future of their species. Hard to unify behind interplanetary expansion when 90% of us just want a sammich and chips.

[@naia1522]

The Expanse is a great show/book

[@junkyardzombie13]

I actually stumbled across your channel a while ago from watching Issac's channel. Then you became the first person I ever supported via patreon.

[@InspektorDreyfus]

Love it that you use the metric system.

[@JohnnyZenith]

It frustrates me that Venus is the way it is. Imagine if it didn't have a run away greenhouse effect. It's the right distance from the Sun, the right size, it would look like Earth and would be amazingly easy to get to.

[@ireneuszpyc6684]

you can just as well become frustrated by almost anything: that China has 1.3 billion people, and so you have to spend much money on your military, to make sure they won't invade you tomorrow

[@one.inch.killerpunch]

Such a similar planet and location from the sun to ours. a proper sister planet. pity it didn't evolve the way Earth did. It would have made a fantastic holiday destination. I wonder if we could terraform it one day? Couldn't we find a way to suck a major portion of the atmosphere out into space?

[@russell2449]

@@one.inch.killerpunch perhaps we could develop self-replicating nanobots which would be sprayed into the upper atmosphere of Venus. These would use the carbon from the Co2 to build more such nanobots while leaving beneficial oxygen as the byproduct. And if you believe Eric Drexler's "grey goo" theory, this process might even move at an exponential rate which could convert the entire atmosphere within a matter of days. Such an invention may not be as far-fetched as you may think, and with the rapidity of technological advancement, and with the advent of super-intelligent AI on the horizon, I'm betting self-replicating nanobots will be possible within the next couple of decades.

[@paulbestwick2426]

Would not a biological solution be better. There are bacteria that consume CO2, though this way may take a bit longer and would meet to be acid resistant.

[@Yusuke_Denton]

Imagine how frustrated astronomers and all science-fiction authors were when they first discovered that annoying fact. Until then everyone thought Venus would be a lush jungle planet, ripe for the taking. On the plus side, at least we have Mars in a semi-terraformable state. There could be civilizations somewhere out in a far distant solar system that have no nearby habitable planets and no incentive to explore space.

[@eaofdeath187]

I'm a huge fan of colonizing the moon simply because of the 3 day return if something goes wrong and the ability to change out the crew a couple of times a year instead of asking people to take a one way trip or stay for years.

[@antifusion]

You can do the journey even faster too if you choose a more wasteful approach of going faster then needed and then using turn over and more fuel expended to slow down. Useful in case of an emergency and if you have refueling depots on the surface or in orbit then it's not a big deal.

[@ronschlorff7089]

reasonable to take a few more "small steps" for a man, there, before attempts the "giant leaps"! A nice "training ground" for further out expeditions in the solar system. I do like Titan too, but I'll take a parka instead of a sweater!!

[@antifusion]

@@ronschlorff7089 I think large stations with spin grav make the most sense though we should do all of the above.

[@ronschlorff7089]

@@antifusion I'm sure you've checked out Isaac Arthur's channel; he has many many designs for the very types of structures you suggest. If not check it out, but be forewarned it is very addicting, in a good way!! : )

[@antifusion]

@@ronschlorff7089 Hey thanks for the recommendation, I've been addicted to his work for ages

[@elizabethshaw734]

I really thought that by now we would have colonised to the Moon. Actually our moon.

[@drjojo5551]

Yeah girl!!! Good on you!! You sound like a prime candidate for moving underground or the belly of a space ship!! WE .....WHO???? Moon colonists??

[@dumitrulangham1721]

Unfortunately we’re too busy playing school kids bullying game

[@johnbergamini3567]

Me too. (..not playing bullying games but building lunar manufacturing infrastructure...)

[@samesource]

Radiation really needs to be a big part of the conversation. That makes Callisto worthy of consideration.

[@erichalvor516]

Really enjoyed this one. 👍

[@sertaki]

When you said "controversial choice" I was sure it's Venus for these very reasons! :D

[@joescott]

I probably gave it away.

[@theharpspedeffect9209]

Joe. This may be something to review now that NASA is planning a mission back to the moon with goals to set up shop.

[@Sammy-wc9kz]

Subliminal Note: If you consider 150-200 degrees F "Managable" Wow, Joe. Just Wow.

[@steve42lawson]

Put a tea bag in a glass of water and set it outside for 15 minutes for a nice hot glass of tea! Quite manageable!

[@jozzerful2]

You would be living a life like a vampire.

[@Sammy-wc9kz]

@@jozzerful2 By we turn cannibalistic or we hide from the sun lol

[@junoguten]

70C is perfect. It's one degree before your skin starts to boil.

[@macbainexplains5795]

Actually it’s been proven at 55 km up in Venus atmosphere it is only about 27 degrees Celsius. Perfect earth like temperatures

[@jakobsmith4046]

Underwater habitats would definitely be interesting, I hadnt really thought about it before

[@yourmajesty122]

I can imagine some asshole making a hole and flooding the whole place up

[@tylerpedigo2938]

Video starts at 3:22

[@gpicken]

Well were terraforming the earth quite successfully.

[@earthalienzapa3237]

now cracking

[@edgeeffect]

Not so much terraforming.... more like "whatever you call the opposite of terraforming".

[@lizzychrome7630]

If there was a lottery to determine which colony you'd love on and I got the friggin Earth's moon, I'd cry.

[@gomez3357]

Love on?

[@lizzychrome7630]

@@gomez3357 I didn't mean tears of happiness. I'd be P.O.ed.

[@KaDaJxClonE]

"Just a few seconds delay" Gamers on the moon: F*%^!NG PING!

[@ivannoreland5656]

I totally agree on you pick for number 1. I feel like venus is often overlooked when talking about colonization of the Solar system in favour of Mars.

[@saulosobral3097]

Plus seeing solid metal fall down as snow would be awesome.

[@Seeker_Blade]

I only want to live on titan because that’s where thanos is from! 😂

[@Poshgraph]

Estupido

[@CarlosAM1]

Pendejo

[@Bra-a-ains]

I disagree with you base supposition: "We will colonize planets." I think the future is O'Neil Cylinders. Each one will have the correct gravity, air pressure, and temperature. We will still visit planets and have mining operations there, just like we have oil rigs at sea. There will also be tourist areas, scientific research stations, and a few settlements by people who want to be alone. The great majority of people (95%) will live in the O'Neil Cylinders. Mining operations will be like oil rigs - 2 weeks there and two weeks at home where the miners have their families and get acclimated to 1.0 gravity. Likewise, research stations will be like our Antarctic stations where people go to work for a specific length of time and then go home to their families and 1.0 gravity. Only the odd planet with 1.0, +/- 0.2 gravity will actually have any colonies of appreciable size. (Like your Venus example.) There is also the possibility that large asteroids will be hollowed out and then started spinning to mimic O'Neil Cylinders. O'Neil Cylinders can have engines slapped on them to move around for migration. Also, groups of them can support one another in an emergency. Even when we leave the solar system, it will be 10-100 at a time traveling as a group for mutual support. 200-300 years from now we will have hundreds, if not thousands, of O'Neil Cylinders. Some Cylinders will have as their main business building more O'Neil Cylinders. At 10,000 - 100,000 people per cylinder, space population in our solar system will one day be higher than Earth population. With the moons, asteroids, and outer planets as source material, we can build billions of O'Neil Cylinders with Quadrillions of people.

[@manfromnantucket9544]

I'd colonize the Sun. Not to live on it, but to charge the rest of the solar system for using my solar energy 💰

[@dizzyboxnine2656]

I like the Venus idea! Way better than dealing with the gravitational effects we'd have to deal with on Mars...

[@Jim54_]

I was waiting for someone to finally point out that colonising Venus is a far better option for humanity in the long term than colonising the small and distant desert planet Mars, so the sooner we start the better

[@Phoenixspin]

I was looking forward to my cruise ship lifestyle on Venus. Damn.

[@Carlos-ln8fd]

Colonize Venus!!

[@ValentineC137]

I love floating inside acid clouds!

[@shdjakmdwoejdhakanssidjdjd7083]

Ew! No! Don’t colonize my penis

[@abrahamwilberforce9824]

It is not a question of where it is a question of if.

[@ikemoon127]

No, it's a question of when.

[@user-gr2wy8no3v]

Carlos there would be one way to do so. Venus is the hottest. We could not land foot on it the atmosphere would crush us almost immediately. If we could find a way to decrease the atmosphere.the tempature would go down some so would the pressure if we could get it to around the earths atmosphere remove the acid and gas we could make a magnetosphere to reflect some radiation. We would not get as much bone and muscle decomposition as on mars. This could take possibly 500-1000 years or more ( some details may not be fully accurate ) I’m not a rocket scientist or even a teen

[@smellthel]

Trying to colonize Earth doesn’t sound that hard

[@anoaboadosaro]

Yeah, we did that 2000 years ago.

[@Kixcomments]

@@anoaboadosaro 2000?

[@anoaboadosaro]

@@Kixcomments Greeks and Romans did built pretty impressive cities on a planet named earth.

[@Kixcomments]

@@anoaboadosaro why just 2000?

[@norrislaw1983]

The asteroid belt is also a great option. Lots of good resources and a good number of large asteroids that offer shelter for colonies can even connect several of the largest ones for larger colonies.

[@skilltreebusybee]

Could we use that acid in something else to make energy

[@johnsnyder150]

cannon fodder Venus could be like a big car battery.

[@skilltreebusybee]

Somebody call Lando Kalrisien I think we're gonna start a lucrative Gas mining operations L o l But in all seriousness The closer we put An object to the Sun The hotter it is I keep bringing up External heat engines Because The coldness of space And the heat of the Sun Have a big energy difference Also This just in from the thoughts in my head If you propel something Towards the Sun And it gets Hotter And then propel something away from the Sun And it gets colder I mean you probly should store some heat While you Are near the Sun To use To propel you On your way Back .. If it Can be optimized using new gravitational Slingshot method That would mean less energy To get From Venus Back to Earth (future concepts) It's like A Slingshot Battery carousel Joe Maybe you are right Maybe The next 10 years Will be the fastest In human history What's the requirements for a stage 2 life form???

[@Value_Pilgrim]

Live in deep lava tubes on Moon? The deeper you go the more radiation shield and the higher the gravity. You can use surface sunlight to generate electricity and make our own water. Use water available on moon to create our own atmosphere at the right pressure...Voila! A habitat pretty similar to earth and pretty safe too. How about this idea?

[@aleksandargrobov5725]

going deeper ain't going to change the gravity

[@Value_Pilgrim]

@@aleksandargrobov5725 if we go deeper into earth will the gravity not increase? As we go away from earth, does the gravity not decrease?

[@aleksandargrobov5725]

@@Value_Pilgrim While It's true that gravity decreases with more distance if we go deeper in the crust it's actually similar. When we are further from earth we experience less of it's gravitational pull. But if we go deeper we are actually going to feel gravity lessen closer to the center of the planet we go. This is a feeling though. This hapens because gravity will pull us from every direction from the earth as we go deeper. At some point it will be almost balanced (in the center). So deeper = less gravity. But barely noticeble, because we can't go very deep. If u want to learn more how it work here's a link kzbin.info/www/bejne/mIfXaXltj7mlnqs

[@russell2449]

Sorry Joe, as much as I love your channel and respect your opinions, this is one that I completely disagree with. I know others have promoted this idea, but fundamentally it just doesn't make sense of any kind. Gravity match is not the biggest priority, but if it is, then it would be easier and cheaper and far less dangerous to just build giant rotating toruses in space. I mean while the atmospheric pressure above the incredibly hot Venusian surface, it's still poisonous - it'd be like camping out above an active volcano imo. I mean if you're going to be enclosed in a floating ship, just take it the rest of the way into SPACE, and without the acid indigestion, lol I do like the Moon as a first option - it's so close it's like right in our own backyard making it much safer in the early days to send help, plus it allows for affordable commerce (think "The Moon Is A Harsh Mistress" by Robert Heinlein). But to truly achieve the goal of colonization as a way to insure the survival of the human species, then being too close to home in the event of a cosmic cataclysm could seal our fate in a hail of rocky debris kicked up from the possibility of a planet killing celestial body. So imo, while Mars is the best second (although living just beneath the ice in underwater habitats on Europa might rival that), given the distance and a potential candidate for some type of terraforming, I think we should also consider the asteroid belt. Yep, not only are you surrounded by large and minable rocky and metallic bodies, it might be possible to find a candidate that could be "sculpted" to fit out need - think hollowed out for living space, and shaped on the outside to give it balance which would be useful once you spun it up to a nice speed to create the perfect 1g of artificial gravity (think "Rendezvous With Rama" by Arthur C. Clarke. And with an advanced enough civilization and technology, we could even move these around the Solar system, so we could end up in an orbit just beyond the Moon (maybe in the same orbit around Earth even). And of course you'd still be mobile in case that planet killer is spotted and you had to beat feet to a safer orbit (and come back to look/help survivors ;?). What do you think? And btw, no disrespect intended when I dissed your number one, lol, it's just that I've already had several debates about that one and think that ultimately, just because you CAN colonize a place doesn't mean that you should, imo there should be a more compelling reason (like MAYBE the surface of Venus is offers spectacular attractions or unbelievable sunsets, then maybe ;?). But please keep up the great work Joe, I love your content, it's a bright spot in an otherwise bleak landscape that the internets are turning into, lol.

[@abz998]

I'd rather live in a rotating habitat where I can control the gravity, pressure, air and temperature. Some designs are as large as continents.

[@kuyanatnatdkrx7]

Agreed we need to create a space station with artificial man made gravity possibly using centrifugal forces to replicate earth's gravity rather than permanently staying on a planets surface. You would need to create a biosphere probably as expensive as a space station anyway to protect from the elements from that planet and possibly with the same level of risks so you might as well have a space station with a biosphere with the correct gravity in outer space that's also capable of relocation in case of emergencies and just have outposts on the target planet for resource and research missions.

[@AJ213Probably]

Yes. But the issue is technology and resources. You would need a very big habitat to not suffer issues like how the center rotates faster than the outer part.

[@plumsink]

You are talking about inner ear/nausea problems with a small rotating habitat? Not necessarily a problem. Early habitats don't have to be rings, they can be a long rod spinning end over end with a habitat on one end and maybe other systems like for power on the other. Building something like this need not be any more expensive than the ISS. You could even connect the ends with tethers, so you could make it as small as you would wish it to be.

[@JFrazer4303]

NASA Ames settled on 1RPM, which means several hundred meters radius for 1G. First generation is a habitat like a can (skylab maybe, covered with a basket system to hold sandbags in place for about 1.8meters thickness all around, for cosmic ray shielding (also micrometeorites) solidified in some form of reinforced concrete, it's like a bunker. Narrow apertures allow directing of concentrated Sunlight inside. Opposite a countermass on a long truss to spin for 1G. These serve as temporary housing for crews which build the space factory (Earth/Moon L-5 was suggested, or high eccentric Earth orbit, or maybe near an NEO which you are eating up, for materials. Large mirror pointed at the Sun collect electricity and process heat. A wheel is a second generation. ~2km diameter, a few hundred meters across Solid rock shell See the "Stanford Torus" O'Neill space colony. For maybe 10,000 people. Anywhere you place the "seed" factory which eats an asteroid to grow itself and then build the habitat. 1970s, NASA was certain that all the necessary processes to do this, were in use in some form right now (back then). No new inventions needed. The largest GCR-shielded shell we could build with known methods (back then) to spin for 1G, was 14km diameter. See the "Kalpana One" evolved space habitat. It's small, designed for LEO, so it doesn't have full shielding. Larger version is a huge drum or can with areas to admit Sunlight collected by mirrors, but to exclude cosmic rays. Millions of people in very nearly Earth-like conditions.

[@tsovloj6510]

Might be easier to modify the ears than to modify the colony.

[@jroar123]

Sulfuric acid clouds aren’t so bad. I went to LA once.

[@twelvewingproductions7508]

Ok.. I was actually laughing as I was hitting the backspace and deleting my comment about how you could possibly not know Venus's atmosphere was corrosive. Great video. All fun stuff to think about. I think we are going to learn a great deal from the moon.

[@OldestHouse]

we dont need to worry about a billion years i could reach alpha centauri with a car in around 10 million years