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Ivor Armstrong Richards [1893-1979] has been called the father of New Criticism. He was an English educator, rhetorician, and critic of the 20th century. He contributed to the foundation of the New Criticism. His works emphasize the close reading of a text, especially poetry, to discover how a work of literature functions as a self-contained and self-referential aesthetic object. His two well-known works are ‘Principles of Literary Criticism’ (1924) and ‘Practical Criticism’ (1929).
Richards’ ‘The Two Uses of Language’ is one of the chapters of his famous work, ‘Principles of Literary Criticism.’ It is a book of theoretical framework for criticism which would free it (criticism) from subjectivity and emotionalism. Richards also answers the questions, “what is the value of arts and what is their place in the system of human endeavors?” According to him, arts is valuable because it helps to order our impulses.