The Warburg Effect - How cancer cells use aerobic glycolysis to survive

A short summary about how cancer cells induce aerobic glycolysis and the proposed functions of such.
Sources:
Berg, J., Tymozco, T., Gatto, G., & Stryer, L. (2019). Biochemistry (9th ed.). Macmillan International, Higher Education.
End-of-life care. National Cancer Institute. (2021). Retrieved April 8, 2023, from www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/a...
Ju, H.-Q., Lin, J.-F., Tian, T., Xie, D., & Xu, R.-H. (2020). NADPH homeostasis in cancer: Functions, mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 5(1). doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00...
Liberti, M. V., & Locasale, J. W. (2016). The Warburg effect: How does it benefit cancer cells? Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 41(3), 211-218. doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2015.1...
Roser, M., & Ritchie, H. (2015, July 3). Cancer. Our World in Data. Retrieved April 8, 2023, from ourworldindata.org/cancer
Semenza, G. L. (2010). HIF-1: Upstream and downstream of cancer metabolism. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, 20(1), 51-56. doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2009.10...
What is cancer? National Cancer Institute. (2021). Retrieved April 8, 2023, from www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/u...
00:00 - A short summary of cancer
00:38 - ATP
01:46 - Anaerobic respiration
02:24 - Aerobic glycolysis (The Warburg Effect)
05:30 - HIF-1 in glycolysis
06:42 - HIF-1 in cancer cells
07:28 - Inhibitory factor 1
08:21 - Summary
Written and created by me
#science #cancer #research #biochemistry

[@rainbowfaces5462]

I've just discovered your videos today and they are all AMAZING, you deserve more views!

[@Annatomyy]

Thank you so much!!

[@sk8guo175]

I really learn a lot!

[@EDUCATION365X24]

So detailed and beautifully explained topic. Looking forward for more topics and discussion. 😄😄

[@davidridley247]

Excellent short summary. Could you now comment on the energetics and reaction rates (kinetics) of anaerobic respiration vs aerobic glycolysis. It's obvious (?) that normal oxphos must be a slow process compared to aerobic glycolysis; do we know what the overall rate of reactions are and the amount of free energy produced and the mole of glucose consumed by each process per unit time?

[@gimjootan6102]

Warburg Effect is anaerobic glycolysis, without Kreb cycle & oxphos.

[@egg399.]

How can we take advantage of the Anaerobic Glycolysis to attack the cancer cell as a DIY treatment? The medical/pharmaceutical system doesn’t seem to be working on that as it might be an off label out of patent drug that could help and save thousands/millions of lives.

[@Annatomyy]

@@egg399. Hey, I don’t think there is a “DIY treatment“ for this. However, there are currently several approaches being investigated for this. I am actually currently working with something that is also being investigated as a method to increase oxygen delivery to tumours as a potential future cancer treatment. I am happy to share some reviews with you if you are interested in an overview of how some scientists are trying to use the Warburg effect to target cancer cells.

[@egg399.]

@@Annatomyy I’m all ears! Would HBOT cause more ROS in a cancer cell? If a TKI is used then would HBOT work against it or will it help with the treatment as an adjunct? How would O2 get into the cancer cell if it’s yet to receive a blood supply from VEGF expression?

[@egg399.]

@@Annatomyy P.S. There are most probably millions of people who won’t have the time to wait for future treatments as the wheels of the FDA etc are slow. 5-10 years I think to approve a drug/treatment. It’s a shame low/no toxicity treatments can’t be used as i’m sure a large % of patients die from the effects of the SOC rather than the cancer. However if nothing is done the cancer will kill them without a doubt.

[@Annatomyy]

@@egg399. I do not know the details of this, but according to a quick google search it seems like HBOT does increase ROS. Similarly I do not know a lot about the interactions between TKI and HBOT, but this is something a doctor who specialised in this area would have an idea about. Cancer cells do already have a blood supply, and therefore already receive O2, VEGF stimulates the growth of blood vessels and therefore only increase the blood supply to the tumour.

[@egg399.]

@@Annatomyy Many thanks. One oncologist said it was a waste of time. I’ll add it back into my to-do list.

[@Scout-bt3mo]

You're reading your material too fast. Please slow down, put pauses in. You don't have to hurry.

[@muhworld2227]

All cancers are the same. You just described how.