There's a Hole in the Periodic Table... and it's Technetium

In this video, I explain the HOLE in the Periodic Table... Technetium.
www.youtube.com/@TheChemNerd4...
Sources:
ptable.com/#Isotopes/Count
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_n...)
Models:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:43...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:42...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:44...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:94...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:99...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:10...
creativecommons.org/licenses/...
#science #chemistry #education

[@TheChemNerd44]

Check out my playlist for more chemistry theory like this! kzbin.info/www/bejne/mHTSqZqXd92JbpY

[@TheMoonRover]

It's also worth mentioning Promethium (Z=61) which also has no stable isotopes, for similar reasons. Promethium-145 is the most stable isotope with a half-life of 17.7 years.

[@TheChemNerd44]

That’s true! Although I wanted to keep this video centered on Technetium, I may make a similar one on Promethium since there are some slightly differing reasons.

[@joonasmakinen4807]

@@TheChemNerd44Great video! You should see See the Pattern’s videos on Structured Atomic Model (SAM), which seeks physical explanation to such instabilities of atoms. Looking forward to your next video!

[@TheChemNerd44]

@@joonasmakinen4807 Thank you for your support!

[@tjpprojects7192]

I guess you could call it... an island of instability 😎

[@TheChemNerd44]

Perhaps… although such a term would require a fitting definition besides “the complement to the island of stability.”

[@matthewboire6843]

I guess

[@felipemarques2015]

The Trench of instability

[@dheephamogansundar3309]

​@@TheChemNerd44maybe " a unstable element surrounded by stable elements"

[@0011peace]

@@TheChemNerd44 except compared to the surrounding area islands are small so a island of stability should be a sea of stability and th instability be an island in it. uitil the high elements were it reverses

[@benjaminmargulies1853]

midlife crisis element

[@TheChemNerd44]

Haha, I guess you could say that.

[@FoxDog1080]

"Since protons tend to pair up to maintain stability" Two protons together: "I feel like exploding"

[@TheChemNerd44]

Protons pair up within larger elements, I’m not talking about a Helium atom with no neutrons 😂

[@KerbalLauncher]

If the residual strong nuclear force were only 2% stronger, the diproton would be stable, or at least, have a positive binding energy. But it can stick around long enough for the weak nuclear force to turn one of the protons in a neutron rarely, which is enough to keep the Sun going.

[@matthewboire6843]

I knew it was example

[@CyberThe1st]

Very informative video! I never even knew what technetium was before this channel, and now I feel like I know all about it because of this video. Keep these types of videos of please, they are great!

[@TheChemNerd44]

Thank you so much for your feedback! I agree, Technetium isn't very popular in theory conversations, so I thought this video would be cool to make!

[@robertlupa8273]

I remember briefly seeing it mentioned in the "What If?" xkcd book.

[@ack7]

As I was watching this video I couldn't get past the music, then I realized that you were using a song from Outer Wilds

[@TheChemNerd44]

I’m glad you liked it. Hope you enjoyed the video!

[@bathl]

Same, I was like "where have I heard this?... OH!"

[@DB-sx6qe]

This is my favorite KZbin video! The production quality rivals Hollywood blockbusters, and the plot is much better written too. 10/10 stars

[@TheChemNerd44]

Thank you so much for your feedback! I hope you enjoy the content!

[@alanwilson175]

You could comment on the medical uses of TC-99. Since it can decay by emitting a high energy gamma ray, it can be used in medical imaging, similar to an X-ray. The TC atom is bound to a compound that "sticks" to some part of the body that has medical interest, like a cancer cell, or a coronary artery, and then the gamma rays that are emitted can be detected to measure the presence of the target body part. After TC-99 decays, it becomes another metal element that the body can flush out and discard with other foreign components.

[@TheChemNerd44]

That's true, Technetium-99 has a lot of medical uses! Specifically, the metaphase Technetium-99m is used in a lot of radiation treatments.

[@aaronh6776]

I used to work with TC-99m, or tec as we called it. The most fascinating use of it is to take a sample of blood from a patient, separate the white blood cells out with a centrifuge, and tag those WBCs with tec and re-inject the patient to find an internal infection.

[@LouieRenault]

This video is absolutely amazing. It's put together so well for any viewer to follow, even those who are not experts at chemistry. I have never heard of Technetium before this video, and now I feel like an expert. This is a masterpiece.

[@TheChemNerd44]

Thank you for your feedback! I have much more content that is similar to this!

[@graphgiraffe]

Someone online finally explains it! I've been curious about this for so so so long. Thanks for the video!

[@TheChemNerd44]

No problem! I hope you enjoyed!

[@user-gc2dq6xi2b]

OMG!!! this is the first time i know about technetium

[@nordicexile7378]

Interestingly, I never heard of this element (other than seeing it on the chart, of course!) until about two months ago. Turns out doctors use it for checking things like kidney function, where the patient (me in this case) gets an injection of the stuff and then has to lay under a gamma-ray camera for about an hour to check how fast and to what extent the kidney pulls the substance from the blood. Pretty cool experience, all things considered. 😊

[@TheChemNerd44]

You're right, Technetium has a lot of medical uses! In addition to Technetium-99m being used as radiation medicine, it can also be used to observe internal organs!

[@Zander10624]

Nice use of the Outer Wilds soundtrack :)

[@TheChemNerd44]

Glad you like the music!

[@andreasfort1599]

Did you hear about the star that appears to have all the synthetic elements in its spectroscopy.

[@TheChemNerd44]

Indeed I have, I believe you're referring to Przybylski's Star... and it is very interesting. It has many radioactive elements in its spectroscopy, so perhaps that could be a topic that I cover! I hope you enjoyed the video!

[@zaryojida32]

This elements can exist naturally. It just decays so fast that we are unlikely to see them before they're gone.

[@user-ue1lg5xe2d]

I thought this was a fake element at first and thought I missed out on the latest science update. It has always been there and interestingly on my paper chart it has no mass listed like the other elements, likely because no stability. I was flabbergasted

[@MiDnYTe25]

Outer Wilds background music let's go

[@TheChemNerd44]

Glad you liked it! I hope you enjoyed the video!

[@christopherleubner6633]

One of the more interesting effects of this is that it can make iron extremely corrosion resistant.

[@TheChemNerd44]

Is that so? I didn’t know that, thank you for the information!

[@TrueCrimeStoriesRevealed-true]

Great Video!!! I didn't know anything about technetium till today

[@TheChemNerd44]

Thanks for your feedback! It's not a super common topic, which is why I covered it in this video!

[@Marinealver]

Once we discover Technetium crystals we will have Warp Drive!

[@alexrogers777]

molybdenum is pronounced "muh lib de nim"

[@TheChemNerd44]

It's all subjective... although I've heard both pronunciations.

[@EdKolis]

I always thought technetium was tech-net-ium but who knows...

[@rb5519]

That's the only way I've heard it pronounced since undergrad chemistry in the 80s. I think any metallurgist would wince at the pronunciation here. But maybe I'm just too old. Everything seems "subjective" these days. Just say it however you want! 😣

[@bobblum5973]

It's funny, "moly b denum" is how I say it in my head to remember how to spell it! But I do pronounce it "mo lib dnumb".

[@flaym.]

The Outer Wilds music on this is perfect

[@TheChemNerd44]

Glad you enjoyed!

[@Tara_Li]

There’s two proton numbers (in the lower section of the periodic table) that have no stable isotopes - but there are *12* neutron numbers for which there are no isotones. This has struck me as very curious ever since I noticed it a couple of months ago. Any information on why this might be the case?

[@TheChemNerd44]

Great question! Could you share with me the neutron numbers, and then perhaps I can give you my analysis?

[@Tara_Li]

@@TheChemNerd44 For N = 19, 21, 35, 39, 45, 61, 71, 84, 89, 109, 115, 123, and all N >=127 (the last being relatively trivial and uninteresting), there are no stable nuclides. They’re like anti-magic. Oddly, to me at least, 43 (43-Technetium) is not on the list, while 61 (61-Promethium) is. Source: IAEA Nuclear Data Section Isotope Browser App (available on both Android and Apple).

[@TheChemNerd44]

@@Tara_Li I will do some research into this, and I will either make a post in my Community Tab, or perhaps this will get its own video. I also regret not discussing the Mattauch isobar rule in this video, which may play a role. Keep your eyes open for my response!

[@Tara_Li]

@@TheChemNerd44 Will do!

[@timedeathe]

0:23 correction it technically does but in such low quantities and for brief amounts of times it's barely worth mentioning

[@timedeathe]

An example are the rare TC rich stars normally red giants

[@timedeathe]

There's also Przybylski's star which is it's own rabbit hole

[@TheChemNerd44]

I guess that depends on what you define as nature. But yes, you're correct, it is synthesized in stars without human interference.

[@JonathanZigler]

Makes you wonder if there's any stable molecules of it. Sure there's some instability with the isotopes, but if the decay isn't too short there may be time to do chemistry. Similar to the muon version of hydrogen. On that subject, it does make me wonder if replacing some of the protons with anti muons would be a possible path of stability. Maybe an experiment for this would be a cold beam of Tc atoms being bombarded with anti muons.

[@TheChemNerd44]

That's a good process of thinking! Some of the molecules that exist include potassium pertechnetate (KTcO4), technetium chloride (TcCl6), and technetium sulfide (TcS2). However, I'm not sure if they're stable. I hope you enjoyed the video!

[@bladdnun3016]

Molly Bedennum

[@TheChemNerd44]

It is pronounced that way… but yes it has a funny pronunciation 😂

[@cm5754]

Three syllables, not 4

[@TheChemNerd44]

@@cm5754 Even if you choose to pronounce it Mol-ib-den-um, it is still 4 syllables.

[@cm5754]

Very true - I was off by one. So 4 instead of 5.

[@sahanavica.5574]

Great video, well done!

[@TheChemNerd44]

Thank you for your support!

[@greengoblin435]

Really great video... feels like a mini-movie. I'm here to stick around if the content is this good.

[@TheChemNerd44]

Thank you! A "mini-movie" is exactly what I was aiming for. I hope this was informative and helpful!

[@SapphirePhoenix7]

Lovin the Outer Wilds music

[@TheChemNerd44]

Thank you for your support!

[@EightKinks]

Is this Outer Wilds music?

[@TheChemNerd44]

Yeah, it's an Outer Wilds soundtrack. I hope you enjoyed it!

[@viper1757]

Holy shit the nomai

[@GeoNic6916]

i subbed now i will never fail my chemistry tests

[@TheChemNerd44]

Thank you so much for your support! I hope you enjoyed the video!

[@GeoNic6916]

@@TheChemNerd44 yay i got a response

[@Deutsch_Gamer]

255 subs and this high quality content?? you deserve so much more.

[@TheChemNerd44]

Thank you for your kind words! I hope that you enjoy the content… and I’m always open to suggestions!

[@WideCuriosity]

Maybe the fact that the audio is a little muffled/unclear on my mobile, may hold an explanation, if others are experiencing the same ?

[@TheChemNerd44]

@@WideCuriosity Audio is something that I'm looking to improve, I'm actually without a microphone 😆

[@wxhlf]

huge underrated！！

[@TheChemNerd44]

Thanks for your feedback! I hope you like the videos

[@starburst98]

What about in an alloy? Use other atoms as stabilization.

[@TheChemNerd44]

There are compounds that contain Technetium... but are they truly stable until the end of time? That's a question I cannot answer, as I do not hold the information. But I'm sure some research could answer your question!

[@jogzyg2036]

You are technically a chemical, the best kind of chemical.

[@TheChemNerd44]

Thank you for your support! I hope you enjoyed the video!

[@renatohmoliveira]

What about the Mattauch rule?

[@TheChemNerd44]

Not sure what you're referencing... but I'll do some research.

[@TheChemNerd44]

Actually I do know what you mean, and yes, you're right! Molybdenum and Ruthenium sort of "steal" all of the stable isotopes from Technetium in that way.

[@submaryne3518]

underrated

[@TheChemNerd44]

Thank you for your support! I hope you like the video!

[@submaryne3518]

@@TheChemNerd44 man im not even that big of a chemistry nerd but please never stop you've got that motivation to content creation that ive been trying to find since i was in elementary school

[@TheChemNerd44]

@@submaryne3518 I appreciate your feedback! I have no plans to stop making chemistry videos, so I hope you enjoy them!

[@EdKolis]

Technetium, the Porygon of the periodic table.

[@TheChemNerd44]

Haha, you could say that. I hope you enjoyed the video!

[@That7mad]

FIRE IN THE HOLE 🗣️🗣️🗣️🗣️🔥🔥🔥🔥

[@techneti_um]

I’m more than just a hole

[@TheChemNerd44]

Haha… I guess so. Hope you enjoyed the video!

[@That7mad]

FIRE IN THE HOLE 🗣️🗣️🗣️🗣️🔥🔥🔥🔥

[@glasstuna]

Moe-leb-duh-num Or Muh-leb-duh-num

[@Kes22497]

That nomai music :'(

[@NebulaJohnny]

Yo, just wanted to swing by and give props to your chem channel! Your videos are like a breath of fresh air in the world of science content. Keep dropping those knowledge bombs, you're making chemistry rad!

[@TheChemNerd44]

Thank you so much! I hope you enjoy my content, and I’m always open to suggestions!

[@vinniepeterss]

❤❤

[@TheChemNerd44]

Glad that you enjoyed the video!

[@muscovado09]

For the algorithm 🔥🔥

[@TheChemNerd44]

Haha… thanks for watching!

[@peterchan6082]

Another notable hole occurs in 61 . . . Promethium. By the way your voice appears severely blurred in this video.

[@TheChemNerd44]

That might be on your end, considering that the audio on this video was pretty good quality. However I may not have the required setup to accommodate all devices. Don’t worry, I’m getting a mic.

[@peterchan6082]

@TheChemNerd44 I've checked with some of your other videos, and your voice sounds similarly blurred. It appears like you were quite distant from the microphone.

[@TheChemNerd44]

@@peterchan6082 Again, as I previously stated, my setup is not yet able to accommodate for all devices. Audio quality will be improved in the near future.

[@peterchan6082]

@@TheChemNerd44 Great to hear that 👍

[@benpoole9505]

Love seeing Technetium finally getting some love, but that pronunciation of “Molybdenum” is like nails on a chalkboard to me.

[@TheChemNerd44]

It has different pronunciations depending on your accent/region.

[@Norsilca]

The reported discovery in 1925 was wrong. It was actually discovered in 1937. We didn't have the ability to synthesize elements before that.

[@TheChemNerd44]

Your statement isn’t fully true. A discovery of Technetium was reported in 1925, but the experiment was not able to be replicated successfully. The confirmed discovery with reproducible results was indeed 1937, but we will never know if 1925 was a real discovery or not. I used that date for the purposes of this video solely to explain that it is manmade, and first reported as such in 1925.

[@Norsilca]

@@TheChemNerd44 Oh okay, well you might want to clarify something like that rather than leave it implied that 1925 is the accepted discovery date

[@TheChemNerd44]

@@Norsilca Noted, thank you for your feedback.

[@seansingh4421]

Aaaaaand its an instant sub from me. We need more of my fellow Chemist and ChemE brothers on YT.

[@TheChemNerd44]

Thank you for your support! I hope you enjoyed the video!

[@davevann9795]

Need to pronounce molybdenum correctly: muh-LIB-duh-num.

[@TheChemNerd44]

It has multiple pronunciations depending on your accent/region.

[@Waskotorowy]

200th łike

[@TheChemNerd44]

Thank you for your support!