The Sci Guys: Science at Home - SE2 - EP11: Gay-Lussac's Law of Ideal Gases

Welcome to the eleventh episode of season 2 of The Sci Guys. In this episode we will be using candles, water and a beaker to explore one of the gas laws, named Gay-Lussac's law of ideal gases. We will show you how the temperature and pressure of an ideal gas are directly proportional and explain why gases follow Gay-Lussac's gas law. Gay-Lussac's law specifically works on ideal gases. Examples of gases that act like ideal gases are oxygen, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. At the end of this video you will be able to demonstrate with an experiment how Gay-Lussac's law of gases works and explain how gas molecules react to changes in temperature and pressure.
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Equipment and Ingredients:
2 Candles
Beaker or Large Glass
Shallow Dish or Casserole Dish
Butane Lighter
Water
Food Colouring
Goggles
Gloves
Apron or Lab Coat
Previous Episode: Charles's Law of Ideal Gases - • The Sci Guys: Science ...
Next Episode: Air Vortex Cannon - • The Sci Guys: Science ...
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[@jamaalsmikley2j.272]

I guess having two guys doing an experiment called Gay-Lussac's Law would seem skeptical to some. Nice dodge.

[@brendonproctor5644]

your gay

[@renzojavier585]

lmao

[@haydnfischer4114]

Great video guys. Just one thing... the video showes that the Oxygen molecules sink when the flame is extinguished. CO2 has a molar mass that is about 1.6 times larger than the molar mass of O2. The larger molar mass causes the CO2 molecules to "sink," causing a majority of the lower half of the beaker to be composed of CO2 while the top half is composed mainly of O2. If the Oxygen present in the beaker "sank" as pictured in the video, the candle would stay lit for much longer. Instead, the "sinking" CO2 extinguishes the flame but there is still oxygen present in the beaker. Keep up the great work!

[@cjinstinct1677]

Nerd

[@manthespoon]

nerd

[@manthespoon]

jk

[@sgtsaintlaurent]

nerd

[@cam_sus]

Nerd

[@abdulrasheddabdul2259]

I am from India. I am a Plus One student. I had to study this in science today. I saw your video while searching. This is a good video. Thanks for being more helpful.

[@mariafransisca7735]

This video really helps me to do my chemistry project :) Thank you so much! U guys are amazing :)

[@brendonproctor5644]

stfu

[@Wetaker24]

yes

[@brianaxel1401]

This video really helped me with my physics project. Many thanks, guys!

[@aspynwolf7443]

(dude): you're not adam, you're a girl! (adam): Did you just assume my gender?

[@TheSciGuys]

+Wolf lol

[@benja7423]

you are not funny

[@goldenmaknae1375]

@@benja7423 yea well.... neither are you v( ‘.’ )v

[@dericklumaban8869]

this video really helped me in teaching the concepts of Gay Lussac's Law. thank you for doing the experiment.

[@eunxz.scp9]

Love the way you guys are so precise❤

[@ALS-uk8iu]

Actually this experiment is better suited to demonstrate the percentage of oxygen in air, rather than the gay-lussac's law. If you put numbers in, you will find that the volume of water that is absorbed is about 20% of the total volume of the container, which not surprisingly matches the percentage of oxygen in air. The error in the value is about 5% which is reasonable for a home-made lab experiment.

[@billyesosa842]

Hey pls Instead of adding food colour to the water can i just use any soft drink or something else?

[@richrocksxbox3601234]

I'm watching this in class right now and I'm board af. PLZ save me. P's hi mr. debacco

[@kellylim3677]

RichardBMurray still not a good excuse to use gadgets during class

[@Jackson-il1sn]

@@kellylim3677 brother he’s probably already graduated.

[@sokikuong6055]

This is much better than the last video I watched, those Indian English rlly! Cant understand !!!

[@JustAPersonWhoComments]

I came here to learn about the laws :)

[@cathyschlecker6767]

This is a poor demonstration of Gay-Lussac's Law, which states that pressure and temperature are directly related when both the volume and the number of gas particles remain constant. In the experiment neither of these factors remain constant. If Gay-Lussac"s Law was the only process at play then one would expect the increase in pressure due to the increase in temperature to push the water out of the beaker. The reason the water flows up into the beaker is because for every two molecule of oxygen consumed one molecule of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water are produced. (again one would expect the water to move out because there are more gas particles) Both the water and the carbon dioxide are initially in the gaseous state. When the flame goes out (because all the oxygen is consumed) the gases cool and some of the gaseous water molecules condense on the inside of the beaker. The pressure decreases because there are fewer total gas molecules in beaker, therefore there is less pressure and this creates a partial vacuum. The air pressure on the outside of beaker is greater than the pressure of the gas molecules inside the beaker and the water is pulled into the beaker until the pressure equalizes. The science is wrong however, love your animated water molecules.

[@jimlobue9828]

I fully agree with this comment. Further, although the cartoon depictions of molecules is cute, there is a tremendous misconception portrayed when the oxygen molecules are "pushed down" below the candles as if they can no longer be available to burn. All gas molecules trapped underneath the beaker mix completely. Not only do some oxygen molecules get pushed down to the bottom of the container, but also the carbon dioxide and new water molecules, not to mention the nitrogen molecules that provide the greatest amount of pressure. MUCH more likely, the oxygen molecules are nearly completely used up in the burning process and that is why the candles go out!! Don't forget that air is only 1/5 oxygen!! Inert nitrogen molecules continue to exercise their partial pressure as do the newly formed carbon dioxide molecules. Also, since the average temperature of gas inside of the beaker is most likely well below 100 Celsius, the newly formed water molecules condense nearly as soon as they collide with the walls of the beaker or the surface of the water. Thus, although for every two oxygen molecules that react, one carbon dioxide and two water molecules form, the water molecules formed do not significantly contribute to the overall pressure. Thus, I would predict that the overall number of gas molecules decreases, but for every two oxygen molecules used up, one carbon dioxide molecule forms. So, since oxygen only supplies 1/5 of the total pressure, and since one of every two oxygen molecules gets replaced with a carbon dioxide molecule and since we can assume that the total pressure inside the beaker is essentially the same as the external pressure, the volume of gas within the upturned beaker should not decrease by more than 1/10.

[@jimlobue9828]

In the end, it is not Gay-Lussac's law but Avogadro's principle that causes the water level to rise.

[@ericferro510]

Thx Cathy, this really eliminated many doubts that I had about this video after I watched it... Your explanation is perfectly...

[@cabinetliver5129]

No u

[@mitchellasplund7790]

As I listened I thought I was crazy. Thank you for validating that the explanation has inaccuracies

[@mattmarkarian8820]

I liked this episode. You Canadians are awesome.

[@princessjamaicarivera1759]

What is a good title for this experiment?

[@mehers1249]

Carbon at 2:40 will give me nightmares

[@LyleFaustino]

That was really informative, thank you!

[@zatannavolkoff]

I have to do this as a Gas Demo and it's due in about 2 weeks. But because of the coronavirus(can't go to school grounds issue), I can't borrow my teacher's glass beaker, so what can I use as an alternative?

[@alkasrivastava667]

Hy

[@okite374]

You can use a glass cup or glass bottle if you want. It doesn't really matter

[@mrstacyj9496]

Great animation and narration. Smart Girls (and Boys) are cool.

[@TheSciGuys]

Mr Stacy Jay Thanks :)

[@alexdeang6151]

Which has the greater pressure, the inside of the beaker or the outside? And why?

[@DjMeow]

Yes, I enjoyed. Thank you.

[@christopherjensen9615]

This is Amonton's Law. Gay Lussac's Law is the Law of Combining Volumes.

[@okite374]

Thanks for the clarification, man!

[@ellisdunning8593]

very useful i know everything now. thanks el

[@ronaldoazarcon2232]

Well explained :D

[@reshmatkreshmatk1185]

This experiment example fore everyday life

[@gabecallin8825]

i enjoyed this episode!!!

[@kaeyo2100]

Hi may i ask something? what should i use as an alternative if i dont have a beaker

[@okite374]

you could a glass cup or even a glass bottle if you want

[@dejavu601]

atchu lang kaklasi ku kene Keanu ini HAHAHA

[@amirkamal8304]

HI SCI GUYS this experiment is very cool keep it up and can you make in the next video an expeiment for science fair for first prep for my school thanks

[@TheSciGuys]

Amir Kamal I am not sure what first prep is. I assume it's a prep course for university? We have the next few episodes already planned but if you give us an idea of what topics you're studying in this class then we can try and add it to the list of our experiments.

[@amirkamal8304]

The Sci Guys first prep is after sixth primary and about the experiment choose any experiment as you like but try to make it awesome :)

[@TheSciGuys]

Amir Kamal Well we already have a bunch of really awesome experiments on our channel. Well our upcoming videos are on air vortex cannons and elephant toothpaste. If those don't work then tell us how we can ramp it up for you.

[@amirkamal8304]

i would like to see elephant toothpaste

[@TheSciGuys]

Amir Kamal Well that one will be released in a few weeks.

[@tyromerees]

What are the dependant and independent variables in this experiment? ( If there are any)

[@arisufizu5698]

If the water went up the beaker, wouldn't it mean the volume (amount of gas) changed because it took more space therefore contradicting Gay-Lussac's Law? Please someone reply

[@amruthachilukuri2663]

hm yeah, the volume of the gas changes( increases ), but the volume of the beaker doesn't change. And so the pressure exerts!' Hence, the volume is constant ( the container's ).

[@johnw9544]

CyBst. Falzar You are correct the volume definitely changes. The explanation on this video is not entirely satisfactory (not trying to bash the video or anything, I think what they are doing is great). First, the ideal gas law (or whatever they are calling it in this video) only applies to systems in equilibrium this system is not initially in equilibrium, as is made clear by the change in volume you point out. However the final state of the system is in equilibrium (when the volume stops changing). So here is a more complete explanation. When you light the candles the air heats up around them, because the volume is not fixed the air expands in the immediate area around the candle. When the beaker is placed over the candle air is trapped, but the volume is not fixed the water level can raise or lower. It will do so, keeping the pressure roughly equal to that of the atmosphere. This is because both the air in the beaker and the air in the atmosphere are pushing on the water. if the push with unequal pressure there will be a net force on the water which will cause the level to adjust until the pressure is balanced. Ultimately everything this system does is an attempt to keep the pressure constant. With this in mind let's return to the moment the beaker was first placed over the candles. The air will heat up a bit more, which will increase the pressure of the air inside. In order to balance this change in pressure the water level will lower a bit. It is difficult to tell if this happens much. Anyway the candles quickly us up the available oxygen and go out. As this happens the gas in the container cools down (because it is not at equilibrium with it's surroundings). As it cools down the pressure decrease inside the container. Which means there is a net force acting on water causing it to raise. As the water raises the volume in the container decreases. Causing the pressure to increase. This will happen until the pressure in the container is equal to the pressure of the atmosphere and the temperature in the container is equal to the temperature of the environment. Now let me end by saying this video are great. I think it is important to bring science to a larger audience. The level of explanation is great for that, the more complicated the explanation the harder it is for people to follow. I am personally studying physics at the graduate level so I am used to studying things in a mathematically rigorous way. Which is often difficult to put into words (this is why we use math).

[@FrostZealot0]

James Andrew Mariano yes please

[@garfieldarbackle3363]

@@johnw9544 So this is more of a demonstration about the combined gas law than Gay-Lussac's law isn't?

[@jbgoogl]

Thanks!

[@hyper9811]

It’s called sci guys but there’s a gril in it. *how dare you*

[@mademoisellek2882]

Hello po, may I know what's the title or what does this experiment called?

[@joyaseberos2085]

besides the reason that the flame got extinguished.

[@iffahyus]

nice

[@syifaamalina225]

Wow

[@dila3221]

yupp

[@shahmynahana]

Omo Omo....daebak

[@prithvidambal4989]

thank you.......so sweet........

[@luhanhyung5375]

what do you call this science experiment???? please reply asap

[@samchop157]

Seeing the carbon dioxide Me: shoot me

[@prithvidambal4989]

Sir, can u explain me what kind of color did you use in the experiment??

[@TheSciGuys]

+prithvi dambal you mean for the water? We just added blue food colouring

[@tcritt]

It's smurf pee.

[@suryakantpandey99]

why water goes inside? when mass of oxygen= mass of CO2 so volumes are equal

[@blumac9801]

Does anyone know what the manipulated variable is?

[@whoootao3478]

Is the food coloring optional? Or is it required?

[@okite374]

4 years late, but it's optional.

[@danielwong1438]

How does the co2 and h20 molecules push the o2 molecules. more dense ?, or simply have a higher temperature ?

[@nickgeol8100]

what is the name of this experiment? pls. it an emergency guys.

[@dreamj]

Very helpful good sir and madame

[@thymotynavarra5212]

Can i use only one csndle for the experiment?

[@okite374]

yes.

[@philip8079]

Nice video!!

[@TheSciGuys]

phil de s Thanks!!

[@daiyanmahfuz3635]

The Sci Guys Is Theresa Adam ' s sister ?

[@TheSciGuys]

Daiyan Mahfuz Yes she is :).

[@gamingtv4157]

what is thef the experiment name o

[@andrewperdomo9068]

[@joyaseberos2085]

how does the temperature goes off ?

[@avijitdey992]

Millenña Joy Aseberos Fire requies sufficient O2 supply for burning (or it reacts eith O2 to give CO2). After burning a lot of O2 present inside the breaker. The supply of O2 reduces. As a result fire vanishes.

[@avijitdey992]

Millenña Joy Aseberos And as fire vanishes, temp goes down.

[@abeessss397]

Just looks like Chinese cupping therapy.. If I'm not mistaken..

[@Iron-Arms]

Hey, how long dose it stay sucked in ?

[@TheSciGuys]

+Iron-Arms we didn't time it but it was pretty quick.

[@serenitysisa6309]

Sirrr... just wanted to know the objective of the experiment :)....

[@mydogisnotyourdog]

relation between temp and pressure of an ideal gas

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ขอภาสาทัยดับมัย

[@syifaamalina225]

Hi!!!

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gay sack law

[@1timecrackuse]

2:08

[@nishavidhuri6529]

Gr8

[@amruthachilukuri2663]

Does the temperature inside the beaker drop less than outside it? But why? The candle just stops igniting, that doesn't mean that the temperature becomes cooler than outside. Pls answer for I have science exam.

[@maryamrajab1743]

Chilukuri Amrutha l imagine the flame of candle and molcules surround it similar to when you're tight in corner and your head or leader whaterver ,and always saying to hurry to accelerate ( quickly ,quickly) ,you feel stress and distrupted .and for some reason he gas gone off ..ohhh you feel a bit better ,however you are'nt tottaly relax but at least he is not here .. the same in molcules the temperture is not drop immdeatily after the candle drop ,but there is at least not need to rash as they were when the head (flame) is here .. and bear in your mind that the beaker is kinda sessile from the outer .. l hope you get what l mean

[@dila3221]

😇😇👍🏻👍🏻

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😆

[@uliloolilu780]

WHO SIDE CHICK IS THAT? O_O(WAITING LIKE A FUCKIN SLAVE)

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[@Wetaker24]

noob pro you?

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Haha gay