They Duped TRILLIONS Of GOLD Every Hour.. For MONTHS

[@InitYeah]

Since I don't dupe and sell gold, check out the merch store to support the channel ;p - inityeah.myshopify.com

[@ianhopkins7457]

so maybe all this was avoidable if rs3 had the platinum tokens also .?

[@averagepvmer2286]

🤣

[@roxaskinghearts]

90% of money goes to investors who take the money and do nothing for the company

[@wonder_9]

Also it's curious that Ely stays silent while their mods and members are profiting off partyhats rising, but as soon as they settle back down is when he "reveals" the info. These people are actually so malicious and most people underestimate what they do

[@guitarisdeathofme]

I’m unsure if actions that change prices in a video game are malicious. Shiesty yes but malicious? Its a game bro yes some people make money on it but its still a game and it will never be anything more

[@wonder_9]

@guitarisdeathofme Dude I'm not claiming they're plotting mass murders, but causing harm to the games economy still counts as malicious. Their intention is bad, if you prefer for me to call it that.

[@MrandMrsQuack]

Bad intentions remain bad. I agree. this is malicious and its very worrying. i do not support ely

[@cailax11]

ZERO proof ely is doing shady stuff.

[@wonder_9]

@cailax11 IYKYK. When you play the game adjacent to people like Pis2ols and his community for over a decade it's very clear what they are doing. If you think Pis2ols reported on this as soon as him or his mods found out about this, then I have a bridge to sell you. Shady trading is and always has been the playbook for him and the people he protects. It's not a conspiracy, we all know there's a black market to the game with RWT. Anyone that knows how it worked with the duel arena and hat flipping and the players involved knows what's going on. It's ok if you don't, but the proof is all there if you care to learn how it works and has worked in the past, even before Ely on the forums and in World 2 / World 54

[@maximumeffort6049]

Recording rs3 bugs is like recording Big Foot. It happens but only on a camera from 1954 from 10 miles away.

[@Rathial]

not really when that barb assault one happened and guy was printing like 30 trillion gp an hour he legit made an extremely well editted video of it showing it off and explaining it all

[@jeffreyfarthing4222]

Wow no wonder why the gold isn’t worth much and everything goes up and up

[@appie7071]

jagex doesn't care its not the first time

[@leog9308]

There are people that specifically play games like runescape hours and end every day to find these types of bugs

[@skyler2020]

Wow I play for hours just for XP popups and dopamine

[@garethhhhh]

People play games for different reasons.

[@cyborgninjamonkey]

It's actually a job for some. Bigger game companies have hackers on staff paid to break the game, steal account info, scam customer service &c. so more vulnerabilities can be found and fixed internally before randos can abuse them.

[@cubedpotatoeshd2479]

i found a bug related to the Tuska world event that i could have used to get bils on bils and I FUCKING BUG REPORTED AND DIDNT ABUSE

[@Vex-iy8zm]

​@cubedpotatoeshd2479 Well that's just dumb. You could have sold that gp on playerauctions and then reported the bug. It's an in game currency and as soon as you report the bug the gold is removed and if needed a rollback happens. It's a victimless crime.

[@alexlove9975]

Accounts that get perms banned with rates in the bank should have all their rares dumped into the ge

[@GRIMHOOD99]

Will they do it with every banned account over the last 20 years that money duped and bought rares? Because if so rares will be relatively worthless. If not than it is market manipulation.

[@Rj_D956]

They clearly have some kind of insight into how the code works, which makes them try these kind of things.

[@betterthanmost9549]

Look up zeb. He found countless bugs in the game.

[@jasonvors1922]

Jagex is still using dev tools from the early 2000's they literally change things if anything at all at a snails pace, The current build of the actual game client hasn't been touched in over 9 years and they wonder why the game itself can't handle all that many animations of boss's ect.

[@kollinpoindexter8859]

I don't think they tried it randomly. They probably have access to the game's logic somehow. They thought of a case where the logic behaved funny, then they tried it,

[@cyborgninjamonkey]

The game's cache is accessible. I've not tried it myself except poking around one time the Clan Citadel portal glitch froze my client and it dumped 3.8GB of core as it crashed, but another time someone sent me the 3d model of the golden ribbons on Kerapac's arms in the boss fight and I successfully translated the Dragonkin inscription on them! :D

[@dtaggartofRTD]

This is likely. Any executable code available on the client side can be examined to find vulnerable points. Decompiling doesn't give you everything, but it can give you a good idea how to push the right buttons.

[@KillingDemons]

There are plenty of former Jmods who have access to information that they would absolutely abuse or sell based on why they aren't working for jagex anymore. There is also plenty of reason to believe that it could be an inside job as there are also a numerous amount of cases where jmods have done things they shouldn't be doing.

[@SSXVegeta]

It's funny because jagex always swears up and down that leaks don't happen. Yet people always have insider information about releases beforehand... IE" Why are eggs suddenly expensive?" A month later, eggs are important to some newly announced content and a group of people have spent the last month hoarding eggs

[@KillingDemons]

@@SSXVegeta This type of shit isn't new either. There should be some kind of laws set up that say if you fuck up the game integrity you break some kind of law.

[@zimbu_]

It would be really difficult to get something like this into the game intentionally and very easy for something like this to appear as a bug and found by the glitching community that has decades of accumulated knowledge on situations where the game behaves unexpectedly. Also, this same group found the Barb Assault scrim gp dupe a year and a half ago and that one had been in the game unfound for like eight years.

[@MHGFTW]

Whenever there's cheaters in a game I'm like "How does this not get flagged for review?". 6-trillion coins hit the market within an hour... surely that gets detected. I have the same thing when playing apex. How can someone with blatant aim bot not get flagged. They play an entire game hitting 100% of their shots 100% on the head. That has to get flagged for review...

[@Snow_B_Wan]

That would explain why dyes spiked in feb/march

[@charlesdai6611]

No it spiked because not many people do clues anymore. People are doing the new bosses for faster gp.

[@zimbu_]

A glitch that was found in March would not explain a price change that starts in February.

[@charlesdai6611]

@@zimbu_ fr it is fake news, blue partyhat can’t even maintain its 100b price. If this is real, blue partyhat would be 150b minimum by now.

[@jasonvors1922]

Why does jagex wait so long before they do anything about this kind of stuff? Bonds are over 130m.....

[@xSpaceInvader]

I've been selling them for 150m each. Takes a day or two but its very profitable.

[@mike2672]

Jagex should hire these 3 People if they are the ones that always find these glitches

[@nathanielnizard2163]

Those things are extremly easy to QA. For the record, Warframe team, which is a f2p with like 100 times more managed account and database transations,has more than few time done mass iventory normalisation with fine grained account targetting, the use case of detecting currency dupes can be done in 10 different ways and is way easier, it is just reading some data. This announcement is more like making buzz through bad buzz. The last thing I've done in rs3 was farming the brush, took me 30h of archaeology, definitely not QAed properly, so maybe it's true and rs3 is not monitored properly. There is definitely lots of engineering made into the cash shop tho, it's a shame. (btw the brush is an op item, and I'd recommend player who play a lot and are often doing arch when full afk to acquire it, it is also extremly strong when playing it actively due to a never discussed synergie with powerburst that I tested and which works amazingly well).

[@gatorbait9385]

OSRS still has the max stack rules in the code. They have Platinum Tokens to make up for it. Each one is 1000gp, so a max stack of plat is 2.147 Trillion gp

[@iLikeiTSoaked]

Can guarantee you that Ely is exposing this with underlying intentions. Being a hat trader, you get to see and hear all sorts of shady stuff they do.

[@Olomana808]

Mods: wow over six trillion GP was made by a player yesterday.... So lucky!

[@Willnickf]

Gold selling sites have very old accounts, at all times this makes sense they could have found this fairly easily. To be honest. Due to gold and account selling being connected.

[@GodBurstPk]

So nearly 13 quadrillion gp has entered the game if this is true... no wonder prices suck for everything.

[@appie7071]

or just check their own item prices once in a while

[@zimbu_]

Dupes for untradeable items, dg items, minigame items etc. are also dupes. If they had a dupe worth a lot of irl money currently active they wouldn't tell. The fact that we're being told about this probably means most of the gp generated from this was sold over the summer.

[@Deezejuevos]

The person didn’t release this until they had sold the gold to all kinds of different people. They are never getting all the gold. It’s in the economy.

[@pondracek]

It's too late to get rid of the gold now. You can't punish the people who sold bonds or other things on the GE. You can and should absolutely try to get rid of the accounts, but you'll end up making a bunch of rares even rarer and people will cry about the merchers winning again.

[@SparcMac]

I liek your Rune Dagger

[@isaacschmid1730]

omg it’s sparc mac

[@im_imo]

the 6 trillion gp/hr number is a fallacy, that's what you'd get if you dupe 1b every tick for an hour straight, but it's the number everyone's spreading everywhere. more reasonably, duping 1b every 3 seconds, they're getting 1 trillion gp/hr (obviously still absurd and pretty damaging)

[@wonder_9]

Even if it's real, Ely/Pis2ols is not a good actor in all of this. They are protector-in-chief of former merchants, duel arena xers, and RWTers. They care far more about the twitter impressions than the issue of duping

[@time2pack1]

100% I'm glad I'm not the only one that realizes this! Ely/Pis2ols is just as shady as the dupers! I wish ely would get shut down tbh.

[@cailax11]

Theres zero proof of wly being shady. Yall just reallt dumb.

[@changes8]

The worst part is that those rare items they bought won’t be released into the market again!

[@Gills420]

They aint soing sht about it. This was an inside job like every single dupe rhat has been in the game. Ive been here a long time long enough to know that jagex sells the gold that they constantly dupe. Its wild.

[@WildeHoppsANDW]

Well....looks like Jagex will probably look to raise the GE tax to make up for this. In the end, it only hurts the newer players and those with low gp stacks. This is nuts. O_O

[@jasonvors1922]

This will just encourage new players to just buy gp instead of actually playing the game to earn gp, Jagex again has failed the community

[@E_Lyslan]

I found an item dupe that dupes items with a charge a few months ago. Then i seen it on Behemoth. Sitting there going how have yall not fixed this yet 💀

[@SensibleSine]

I belive the dupe is fake for the following reasons: 1) rs3 bond price increase is strongly correlated to osrs prices. ( rs3 bonds would have increased significantly more if there were a dupe) 2) 6 trillion gp an hour, even if done for 12 hours/day for the 2 months the glitch was allegedly active would mean over 86,000 party hats would have been bought at an average price of 50B. (This would have caused party hats to increase 10x over rather than a mere 0.3x to 0.4x increase) That amount of money comming into the game would have destroyed the economy completely.

[@JGibbgg]

bond prices going up wouldnt have a detrimental effect on the blackmarket of GP, if jagex sold 1000 bonds a month that would generate 100-150b gp monthly into the economy. PlayerAuctions alone sell over 200b gp per day, bond money is a rain drop in the ocean compared to the illegitimate gp on RWT sites. secondly, it was a 6trillion gp p/h dupe that was abused for no longer than an hour total... it was tested and then later abused in a single hit untill it was flagged. thirdly, the GP is sat in unused accounts awaiting to be sold by RWTers, it will trickle into the game as its sold little by little, not a massive 6T gp injection all spent in one spree.....

[@ilyrana]

this is likely not real and just to manipulate prices further, if u move alot of gold u get banned for rwt even if u got said value from buying bonds from jagex themselves. so its very unlikely that u would not be banned duping like this. (yes jagex auto system false flags accs that buy to many bonds, happened to a few of my friends which was rather funny and sad at the same time )

[@debbimor8003]

If this is true, I have to wonder if it's one of the reasons bond prices in game increased so much so fast

[@nick_herscom]

Im sure all 7 players are feeling the impact of that long broken game with an even longer broken economy.

[@charlesdai6611]

I think it is fake, based off of prices of items in game. Lets face it, if people are buying gold they are usually buying it for items that are too expensive and will never be able to obtain through gameplay. I am talking about discontinued items like blue partyhat. The fact that blue partyhat price still can’t maintain 100b is pretty evident enough that this is fake. If it was real all discontinued items would probably be skyrocketing in prices, blue partyhat would be minimum 150b.

[@ncfcgee]

I'm dubious about this, who has unlogged in accounts from that long ago with billions in gp already in them? incredibly few i would have thought and for them to just happen to be people looking for bug exploits seems even less likely although i assume the gp would have been traded in to account to start with if it is true but as someone else said, would Jagex really not have banned accounts making that kind of gp daily? we know they have detection systems so i find that very hard to believe

[@jonasdyhr52]

I wish we could somehow Restart the economy in runescape, but that would just be impossible

[@HisPartyhat]

I feel like Ely is just trying to get jagex to revert the max cash update to retain relevancy.

[@rippedamigo8288]

This is interesting, like 3-4 weeks ago, some random guy just traded me 1B gp for no reason, I was just smithing in the fort whith hundreds of other people around. I wonder if this is related lol.

[@whynotp2p]

Wish a random dude could x5 my bank as well

[@johnspencer8982]

This is a technique to obscure RWT

[@liamspeirs2969]

They did mention giving away a few hats

[@killler240]

The worse devs comment was likely not personal. They likely check the code of the game and see problem areas for potential dupes

[@E_Lyslan]

It be like that sometimes.

[@E_Lyslan]

Upset i didnt find this. I just had a ton of accounts i logged into from classic days from a binder at my mothers. Bunch of 9HP 20 year cape accounts.

[@1jamesreed]

ge tax just went to 60 percent of item price. Gotta depress the economy somehow.

[@MitchMed]

Seems more like the Ely owners are creating a cover story for their continued price manipulation.

[@pennywisegaming287]

but people worry more about MTX that dont affect em. We need to take up as a community.

[@darkdonzaloog]

I figured out how to delete bonds for what that's worth 😂

[@robertdahmen833]

The swap rate went from 1-8 to 1-17 in about 4 weeks now gold sellers offer even less and some don’t even accept rs3….. I think it’s real no proff though

[@byever1]

Mod Keeper was involved

[@hunterdean1562]

this could just be fake to pump up prices again temporarily :0

[@shinyphat3105]

Rs3 gold is like $0.02/1m. If that’s 6 TRILLION PER HOUR, these people were making 120k/hr. No way any gold buying website is keeping that much inventory they’d never be able to offload it.

[@ALAN-ON-OUTSIDE]

they would just sell as much as they could until the buyer didnt want any more. each gold selling company will have their own limit and if you have ever tried selling gold recently you will know that most of them are still fully stocked to this day. so yeah no doubt these bug abusers probably turned into overnight millionaires

[@zimbu_]

The price that a goldsite that has to pay for things like 24/7 customer service is selling at is a bit more than you get from selling to the goldsite. More like 0.012/m on average this summer on the high end.

[@BriCourt]

I think ely has incentive to be lying. Only a few twitter posts before, he was pissed about a jmod blocking him. Also, it benefits ely to induce widespread panic around rare prices, causing a rush on buying them early on, and making the price spike. There are many other reasons not to trust ely, and he has a terrible track record. Also, I'm pretty sure this was patched MONTHS ago, and claiming it's been live the whole time is a wild overstatement.

[@dtaggartofRTD]

I wonder how many rares left the game with those bans.

[@MrHuntervad]

The only way to devalue money, is to make another type of money for something else, with no way of interchanging them, dunno, RS money problems was a problem before, so is in WoW. (same problem)

[@adriantromp9018]

Anyone else noticed the names of the accounts in the trade video screen? Or is it just me?

[@FirestormDDash]

In 2024 somebody has a windows NT playing rs3 and big fancy tech guru/hacker? Doubt. And I say that since “recording equipment” would be digital software displaying quality output. And only pre win95 would have output that bad for resolution, unless purposely filtered into lower quality.

[@AcidxAnarchy]

No wonder everything was so cheap when i came back a month ago. I was like wtf? My 1b worth of stuff was like 700m

[@SmudgyContent]

1:37 do u not know why scrimshaws are dirt cheap from ports?

[@AaronThePony]

I'd be super skeptical about the truth of this honestly. If this was true you'd expect massive inflation what we haven't seen. Our current bond inflation is directly tied to the irl economy, you can look at osrs bonds and see they mirror rs3 bonds exactly, which wouldn't be the case if someone was duping trillions an hour into the game. Even now bonds have been going down. I'd take some zoomed in screenshots and forum claims with a huge grain of salt.

[@clairematthews8431]

Irons stay winning tbh

[@Eikinoue]

not really, due to inflation, ironman dont have a decent moneymaking to buy bonds anymore, they need a normal account or pay to play again

[@drauc]

@@Eikinoue fake news, go do arch glacor for salvages

[@whynotp2p]

Hear me out. Buy membership with real money

[@thatonetitan8456]

Hear me out. Irons are r slurred

[@Eikinoue]

@@drauc but that is exactly the point, salvages have a fixed gold/h and bond is always on the rise, everytime bonds increases, the ironman community cant fight back the inflation and needs to stay longer fighting arch glacor

[@AMRLL-d9u]

At this point jagex needs to re-release all OG holiday items , to crash them to the ground , shake the economy and make the gp semi-worthless except to buy skills or for newer gear when its just released ... its ridiculous this went on for 2 months for real

[@JGibbgg]

The RW value of RS3 gp has plummeted in the last 6 months, its gone from £0.025/1Mgp down to £0.017/1Mgp, as low as £0.016 if you buy it in quantities of 10B gp kinda insinuates its legit. for refernce 1Trillion GP = around £16,000 GBP.

[@zieh1667]

wtf 16k ??????????????????? holy shit, they almost did 100k GBP?

[@JGibbgg]

@@zieh1667 imagine it was pre DA removal, boys would be almost millionaires

[@S.y.t.h.i.k]

Hypothetically speaking, if those accounts were banned with all those rares - are the rares removed from the game, or do they go into the GE at the market price?

[@devinwilliams7110]

Removed from game

[@zieh1667]

@@devinwilliams7110 I highly doubt the items get removed from the game. im pretty sure jagex knows how many rares there are and how many rares they want to have in the game

[@triogamingukcapning8886]

sureley jagex would see the influx on the economy gp in game going up by 6trill surley wwould be noticed

[@sinpayroi6896]

Im pretty sure inflation is already happening in rs3 shit ton of items went up in price specially disc items and it for you to judge either it can be facts or lies

[@deanwhittle1301]

is that why weens have gone up 500m+

[@sneekcreeper689]

With Twitter being called x now. I like to refer to as x, twitter

[@Hellscollect]

this seems too good to be true and would be auto detected imo.

[@triogamingukcapning8886]

how do people even find these dupes i dont get it

[@tunod-]

Youre either a kid or just stupid.

[@ayeadam]

Who knew Init Yeah was so fuego 🔥 👌 😉 😅

[@devinwilliams7110]

Idk looks like a private server.

[@Satire-Gaming]

For a game this old to still be constantly suffering from dupes and exploits of this magnitude is pretty pathetic, let alone that they allow people to do these things for months before they fix it... If they can catch and ban people for buying gold they could easily detect people duping trillions lol

[@Gills420]

Well for one all the dupes and crap have been proven to have been implemented by jagex themselves.... It's been proven over the years. Just think about it you are running a game where every 1 million go is worth a legit $0.20 you would install a dupe in the code as well.

[@Youngson113]

I've been wanting Runescape to make a fully new game + new engine for years

[@ProfessionalGasLighting]

Bro even Minecraft still has dupe glitches and bugs

[@guitarisdeathofme]

Well I mean it’s constantly updated, new things every year. They add to the code change it open it something which means bugs can happen. If they never updated it serviced it or anything then yes there should be no new dupes and bugs but that’s not the case

[@ianhopkins7457]

@@guitarisdeathofme the spaghetti code game engine with trillions of patches over the top of each other

[@cheekyjebus5559]

players act like the federal reserve for 2 months

[@DC-qy1qy]

So the question is....what items did they do this with, runes? Explains their crash, ectoplasm?

[@charlesdai6611]

They did it with gp, or did you not watch the video?

[@michelhickey5765]

i was wondering why my whole bank was going up, i bought many lto's with all my gp lol

[@liamspeirs2969]

30+ discovered by Zeb himself, that's not every dupe ever :P

[@deanwhittle1301]

well xmas just gone tony mattock was crashing nearly under 2b now its around 4.4b

[@charlesdai6611]

Umm that might be because of the daemonheim site update. Probably will go back down if the new skilling boss is highly profitable.

[@charlesdai6611]

Daemonheim update is considered to be highly profitable per hour comparable to bosses like kerapac. Definitely not as high as sanctum of rebirth though.

[@JordShores]

If Zeb did it is most likely true.

[@cailax11]

it is true. mods confirmned.

[@BriflexHikes]

so many people putting on tinfoil hats. the dupe was real. the quality is because twitter is dog.

[@gmag15234]

Personally think it's fraud. His flex pic is the literal average bank of a booster at pvmservice

[@JGibbgg]

the RW value of RS3 gp has plummeted in the last 6 months, its gone from £0.025/1Mgp down to £0.017/1Mgp, as low as £0.016 if you buy it in quantities of 10B gp kinda insinuates its legit.

[@MitchMed]

@@JGibbgg Bond prices have gone up dramatically in the last 6 months so gp price dropping is necessary for rwt to make any sense. Also probably less people want to buy gp with rwt buyers getting banned so demand is lower.

[@JGibbgg]

@@MitchMed bonds hold no correlation to RWT gp. money introduced into the rs economy from purchased bonds is a rain drop in the ocean compared to Black market GP, If jagex sold 100 bonds a month that only 10-15B whilst RWT's are shifting TRILLIONS through auction websites

[@JGibbgg]

@@MitchMed bond prices going up wouldnt have a detrimental effect on the blackmarket of GP, if jagex sold 1000 bonds a month that would generate 100-150b gp monthly into the economy. PlayerAuctions alone sell over 200b gp per day, bond money is a rain drop in the ocean compared to the illegitimate gp on RWT sites.

[@ProfessionalGasLighting]

They could be retired if they sold all that gp, bought some etfs, dividend king stocks, real estate and a small 5% in crypto.

[@TrueDisaster-]

This game becomes more of a joke every year. Time to say goodbye for good

[@Zeb]

Oops.

[@InitYeah]

o.o

[@drdarkboss1954]

It probs is true cause they been doing this shit for ever

[@Limonada_RC]

IT'S REALLY SORROWFUL TO SEE YOUR BELOVED GAME BEING ... (RAPED) SORRY FOR THE WORD... BUT IT HURTS ....

[@IRON-DEER322]

could this be why t95 magic never got any value?

[@zieh1667]

not related. t95 magic has no value because the bosses are fun/popular and the weapons are dropped at normal mode, which is not that hard, specially if you are using necro

[@MattMaxwell-lg3ht]

Wow. So i been workin my a off while im being paid with duped money lol. F ing cruel m8s

[@the7awakening]

Annoyingly, I just spent the past few weeks logging into old accounts I have from 18 years ago that were never logged to RS3. I made 0gp.

[@ducksquidbat8315]

Simple solution… rollback servers back to March.

[@arthurpotter9092]

yeah, just screw all the players who've played legit since march right?

[@Sovereign_Supreme]

What a stupid suggestion.

[@leog9308]

What a dummy you are lol

[@caseyroberts9923]

​@@arthurpotter9092 yeah fuck em just do a 3 week dxp

[@rfbftp123]

We are lucky you are in no roles of power at all, and never will be.

[@carltonp420]

It didn't happen lol

[@Reek12345]

You could play runescape your entire life and and not hit 1 trillion. Iv played over 20 years and only had 100b 1 time when duel arena was around still.

[@rfbftp123]

Nice and bullshit

[@arthurpotter9092]

I would disagree with the idea we have more content, we have more skills, sure but osrs has waaaaay more bosses plus two whole continents that we don't. Not to mention the various slayer dungeons and the rev caves and things like that.

[@hunterdean1562]

more systems in rs3 that could have bugs, i think is what they mean. A lot more currencies and other strange items. It's harder to keep up with everything in the game and patch bugs than osrs

[@acewalsall9294]

lol...

[@jasonvors1922]

​@@hunterdean1562 Actually since the game has more modern tools to use than osrs it is easier for Jagex to monitor things, There is no excuse for jmods to just sit around and do nothing at the expense of the community

[@hdgevin]

Have you played RS3 at all?? for you to say osrs has more content.. lmao

[@arthurpotter9092]

@@hdgevin I maxed on rs3 yesterday lmfao

[@Waltaere]

Iniiit 🤑

[@bendoom3970]

ded game.

[@LearningCurves123]

They should just make rares non tradable. that will stop this.

[@Durzza]

ive stopped playing rs3 for the past 3ish maybe more years. i have no regrets. there are so many good games out there, and being abused and disrespected by developers that ONLY want your money is not it. its annoying navigating all of these games that are out now, but i would much rather play no mans sky, warhammer darktide, ffxiv, battlefield than rs3 again. the game isnt fun and thats the bottom line.

[@simplylethul]

It's not fun...to you, your statement doesn't apply to everyone.