This Face TOTALLY Changes the Human Story

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Greetings, fellow Homo sapiens. Our species is the only remaining member of the genus of upright, walking apes known as Homo. Where did we come from? Our history just got a whole lot more complicated (in a good way) thanks to some incredible new fossils unearthed in South Africa over the past few years. I got to visit them, and the scientists who discovered them, to learn their story and ours. Meet your cousin: Homo naledi #homonaledi #humanorigins #evolution
References: sites.google.com/view/homo-na...
Thank you to:
-Lee Berger, Marina Elliott, and Becca Peixotto for letting me meet Neo and for explaining their science!
-The Republic of South Africa for allowing these fossils to be on display in the USA.
-The Perot Museum of Nature and Science in Dallas, Texas. “Origins: Fossils From the Cradle of Humankind” will be on display through early 2020: www.perotmuseum.org/exhibits-...
Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:
AlecZero
Bob Rosset
Brent M.
Diego Lombeida
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[@TheClandestineDuck]

imagine you're just eating mammoth meat with the bois and you see some taller and less hairy version of you

[@nickvlogstv3170]

B R U H

[@arthas640]

Sounds like a typical family gathering for me

[@Victora-tb2ri]

@@arthas640 xD

[@thegoodlistenerslistenwell2646]

I'm 5'2....and have hair on my back and feet....you trying to say something? Besides the hilariously obvious

[@janusatthegate6201]

Read Clan of The Cave Bear. The stupid movie is crap.

[@erinrising2799]

Brain the size of an orange? I think I work with some of his descendants

[@You-pk6jh]

Politics isn't a personality

[@winnifredforbes8712]

Excellent!

[@xyoungdipsetx]

Erin Rising lol

[@bitsaurus]

@Hein van Nieuwenhuizen move. Russia would love to have you.

[@Elsuper68]

Democrats candidates have that size of brain , like orange

[@danbrazier951]

It seems logical to me that the earliest form of caring for the dead would be the simple act of preventing scavengers feeding on your relative's corpse by placing them in this cave and out of reach.

[@Kayenne54]

Wondering how easy the access used to be, though...

[@carolevans5285]

Ffs they would of eat there dead. Get real.

[@rocketmanfossel1174]

@@carolevans5285 there are cannibals in this world among us. doesn't mean entire human race is cannibalistic.

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

@@carolevans5285 then why was there no sign of cannibalism on the bones, themselves? Because it leaves traces on the bones which can clearly be seen, and there were none, on _any_ of these bones. Your conjecture is totally false.

[@banana-uo3be]

@@carolevans5285 your claim makes no sense

[@keerthichandra376]

To all the women and men who dare to get into those closeted caves. A big thank u for the lengths you guys go in the name of exploration 🙏

[@MicahBuzanANIMATION]

Those women are badass! I have felt sick watching them descend into the cave haha.

[@brieannaladara4802]

Hell yeah! No way would I ever crawl in there lol

[@Clean-guy]

I m also anthropologists and i have a dream to go in those cave in future and find something big that change homosapien history 😀

[@naturespecialist1489]

I agree too bad that some people are not really that friendly to people who wanting to know where we come from.

[@naturespecialist1489]

@@Clean-guy sounds like fun 🤩 hope that you find the first ape of humans and name it Adam and female one Eve aside from the Old testimony we need to give out human ancestors names like Lucy or Peter , James etc so that we can remember them because well they didn’t give each other’s names

[@kn0bhe4d]

I started getting nervous just looking at the diagram of the cave with its dimensions. And then they cut to them crawling to get through....yeah, no thanks. Huge props to them for braving that.

[@Pickle_Candy]

Agreed, just watching them crawl through that small space gave me so much anxiety that I almost couldn’t get through it. I would not even remotely be able to handle myself if I had to do that myself for whatever reason; I have an enormous amount of respect for those people because of that.

[@SoulDelSol]

Ahhhhh i cant either

[@scarlettterry]

Did any of y'all catch the part at the very beginning when the ladies were telling you if you fell off the Dragon's Back the emergency responders would be sent down to you and you'd have to live in the cave until you were well enough to climb out of the cave yourself

[@bluehairedemon]

I hate wide spaces, so for me it wasn't that bad

[@megan2176]

Me too! My chest got tight, like I was crawling in the cave with them, through those tiny spaces (though I definitely wouldn't fit!!). Just thinking about it makes me anxious! Brave souls! Hope they get paid reeeeeally well!! :)

[@horatio50000]

I felt claustrophobic just watching this video.

[@staberas]

those hominids weren't

[@michaeldriggers7681]

I was gonna comment the same sentiment. I got nervous just watching them explain the cave's dimensions.

[@BrotherAlpha]

I had trouble breathing watching that.

[@LonelyCinderella123]

Imagine getting stuck when crawling through the narrowest part.

[@robertbogardus7318]

No way in Hell i’m squeezing into that cave, Send in the Hobbits.

[@jeronimomod156]

I have personally moved a dead cat away from the road because the other cats were morning it so I placed it on the edge of the field so they could mourn it without getting hurt after some time I went back and buried the cat. It's quite touching to see animals display those deep kinds of emotions

[@Nyctophora]

Bless you, thank you for caring for the cats.

[@hmziyan]

i read "burned the cat" first lmao

[@giantsquid2]

Thank you. That was very kind.

[@dan_g8489]

“There hands are curved “ Me : lego man!

[@TheOGPlatypus]

Lego House

[@prich0382]

Console gamers

[@TheOGPlatypus]

I use PC, but thank you for the compliment

[@prich0382]

@@TheOGPlatypus No I mean people who use controllers a lot get curved hands

[@TheOGPlatypus]

Hey! Prepare the drills, set the charges, free the 33 miners, in the new mining emergency collection from Lego City

[@user-xq5og9lt8p]

"How did all these bones get in this cave?“ CSI: Neolith edition.

[@andypmz07]

Looks like these bones arn't the only thing in the dark 😎

[@greta8849]

it's okay to be gay...

[@cjlooklin1914]

Zooms in on a picture if the South African landscape zoom all the way back to when these things walked the earth

[@brendakrieger7000]

Lol

[@melosbunjaku2743]

My guess is either they went in there avoiding a predator or danger (storm, earthquake) and were later burrowed alive. But do note that I know that I'm not taking into account the age of the fossils (considering they're young, it could take longer for the rocks to move if there hadn't been an earthquake)

[@PythonPlusPlus]

Turns out the dragons back is actually the back of a real dragon. This is why there are so many human bones in the cave. The dragon ate them.

[@donjones4719]

Yup. Till the sorcerer froze him.

[@beberivera7011]

Imagine!?😧😯

[@purplefire2834]

munch munch crunchy bones

[@smartman8699]

yum yum burp those human bones out of my tum tum

[@surfk9836]

The used to be a ferocious bunny guarding the cave till Lee Berger used the Holy Hand Grenade of Antioch. He threw it on the count of 5.....no 3!

[@micheen6649]

Just imagine asking our ancestor"hey!what species of human are you?"

[@zikrim1227]

Or making hybrid baby hahaa. Other species did that

[@abhaysaurav7499]

Ifkr and it's almost annoying some people don't believe in evolution

[@elienajem5631]

@@abhaysaurav7499 some *dumb* people

[@anandsuralkar2947]

@@elienajem5631 dumb people wiith tiny orange sized brain

[@plusxz821]

Probably my tribe good other tribes bad

[@OmniGuy]

Maybe they just kept going in trying to find the ones who went in before.

[@claudiogomes7917]

Sounds like the premise of the whole netflix series Dark😂

[@khalilsb6934]

@@claudiogomes7917 lmao who knows

[@dheerajrao2179]

I think there was a killer amidst them who took them for a walk at night and threw them inside, might've killed them before as well

[@MGSLurmey]

@@dheerajrao2179 There is 1 Impostor among us.

[@anguspollerd442]

This may actually be more plausible as the only entry would have been quite far away, with such tiny spaces that would be difficult to bring a body through, whereas these cave explorers obviously can bring themselves

[@lalisajjang4563]

"WE UNFORTUNATELY CAN'T ASK NEO" -PALEONTOLOGIST WITH GREAT SENSE OF HUMOR 2019

[@jejeo4372]

WHY ARE YOU SCREAMING

[@baguette745]

@@jejeo4372 Yeah

[@planet_shewolf44]

HELLO FELLOW BLINK. ;)

[@rnedlo9909]

Neo looks like my old Ag Studies teacher, I'll ask him.

[@bellamckinnon8655]

HE'S NOT TOO TALKATIVE

[@emotionice7967]

"Only Humans have deliberate body disposal" Ants: hold my dead brother

[@eunoia2453]

All ants worker is female

[@jesuswasahermetic5871]

Rian Idryawan Something to strive towards.

[@mangot589]

That’s funny. But aren’t they just really just cleaning out the nest?🤷‍♀️

[@leighs.9463]

*sister

[@emilychb6621]

Meh I dunno if that counts. Like humans don't typically just dumb bodies behind the fence in their backyard, like ants kinda do. They are just keeping their nest free of trash. They don't actually carry the bodies of their fellow dead to se specific graveside. They just treat them like any other trash to take out of their nest. Bees do the same. Even birds will kick out dead chicks from their nest.

[@zachstokes9664]

Watching people crawl through underground caves makes me almost want to throw up from anxiety... those woman are fearless 😳😳

[@selvizhisubramanian]

and men have the audacity to say we are chickens and should just cook food all day ✋🏼🤠

[@arthas640]

@@selvizhisubramanian It is kind of weird how that attitude developed over time. Women can do just as well as men in most jobs like farming, hunting, and scholarly work. I've heard a theory that humans really only developed the idea of gender roles as a result of war since if you take 100 average healthy fit men and have them compete in strength and endurance games against 100 women the women will score relatively close but only beat the men around 1% of the time, which is why in hunter gatherer cultures were pretty equal (since failing a hunt just meant trying again since hunts regularly failed) but once we developed constant high intensity warfare there started to become an increasing gender divide (since you fail even slightly in a fight and you're dead) and that divide became culturally enforced into the modern day.

[@Justinsatiable]

I got heart palpitations just watching.

[@user-kz8wu8yk8c]

@DESI EDM BEATS *PARKOUR*

[@beastsnare2956]

yeaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

[@MaziarYousefi]

"We even haven't been tested yet" That sentence took a new meaning for many people after this pandemic.

[@OleanderProducing]

I have been looking for this comment - thought exactly the same haha

[@tristanlj3409]

Well if the waves of black death plaques don’t count as tests, neither does COVID-19. Funny joke though

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

@@tristanlj3409 did you mean *plagues?

[@francoislacombe9071]

The configuration of those caves must have changed a lot in 300000 years, because accessing those inner chambers in total darkness while dragging in a corpse would have been nigh impossible.

[@icollectstories5702]

Perhaps it wasn't dark. And perhaps they had better night vision. And maybe there was a lot of yelling involved. This seems like an awfully important task.

[@rdizzy1]

@@icollectstories5702 Also the people/hominids were much smaller, the average adult was 5ft tall and 100 lbs.

[@rachelg9873]

@@icollectstories5702 "maybe there was a lot of yelling involved" that cracked me up. Lol

[@Shadeem]

maybe they dropped them down that last bit?

[@icollectstories5702]

@@rdizzy1 While I hold out hope it wasn't the kids laying the bodies out, I do wonder if this was a job for women, since they were also responsible for bringing life into the world.

[@feriaseanyvan3759]

9:43 "Body disposals are the things that make us unique" Ants: Are we a joke to you?

[@deathndestructionfdnd8178]

MAGIC_KNIGHT KITTYPOWER! Same with Neanderthals

[@rubenmendonca4530]

MAGIC_KNIGHT KITTYPOWER! Lol

[@davidthomas2402]

Watch this videos on this playlist to understand both evolution and creation how all started and spread the link other people to understand kzbin.info/aero/PL13eE2x3qhPktufTQOHw0wsMOPdxFky-P

[@rathenn7317]

@@davidthomas2402 There is no creation, only evolution.

[@Anklejbiter]

@@rathenn7317 you hold a different belief than he does, you can't be certain until you die but at that point it's too late.

[@alexbowman7582]

The human face has been at least partly formed by fire. Cooking food especially meat enabled the mouth and teeth to reduce in size and musculature.

[@Yora21]

Human faces are also particularly well suited to withstand getting punched in the face. We're much less in danger to have our nose broken than other apes. Humans are also the only apes that can really punch.

[@drinkinslim]

That's some good speculation right there. :)

[@RJCHOICE]

@@Yora21 That sounds like something you pulled out of your gluteus maximus. I'd venture to say you have much less a chance of breaking a gorilla's nose than he has of breaking yours. A gorilla has a much less exposed bridge that lies flat against its face, and the fact that it's exponentially more powerful than a human, a swat from its hand could shatter every facial bone in your skull.

[@sebuhiqeribzade]

@@RJCHOICE hahaha gluteus maximus lol dude XD

[@evanh.4565]

"We can't ask neo" Keanu Reeves gets offended

[@AHMEDALI-vq4vc]

keamu reeves bimg chungus wholesome 100 reddit moment

[@anandsuralkar2947]

haha

[@andyoli75]

Mr Anderson.

[@SuperDipMonster]

"Underground astronaut", eh? How about "Terranaut"? (edit) or "Subterranaut".

[@QuAntique]

2019 shill person needs to define what is already defined, disgusting

[@deborahhanna6640]

Someone already said, 'geonaut' but I like yours as qell.

[@tonymeman9041]

Subternaut

[@kniqht5744]

Geonaut?

[@panayiotispanayiotou]

hypogeonaut

[@cacodaemonia]

"Following the landscape carved by natural selection" - fantastic line!

[@peterlyall7488]

That line "Flowering the landscape carved by natural selection!!" should be put on a T-Shirt...Pete from Australia..(: >{|)

[@dougsteel7414]

Sounds like people's incessant need for agency in order to understand things

[@dougsteel7414]

Sounds like people's incessant need for agency in order to understand things

[@micahbirdlover8152]

it's just thumb 🤷

[@ahuman3642]

“ only humans have deliberate body disposal” Ants: Are we a joke to you (ps: we can eat you alive while you sleep)

[@hatguy8225]

Ant don't do like how we do it. They just do it as a job. They throw it in a area for it to dispose of..not bury

[@slgwdhhsbsnjs]

@@avw5kt why does there need to be a reason to point it out lol

[@arthas640]

They cant eat me alive while i sleep, with as much as i fart my mattress is like one of those circus tents they use when they fumigate a house. My dutch oven will kill them before they even get a chance to sink their mandibles in. If I've been eating thai food (which i do alot because thai food is awesome) my dog wont even sleep with me and i've seen her eat rotting compost and fresh chicken poop.

[@arthas640]

@Lurien the Watcher you're just jealous that while the ants are busy eating you alive that I'll be farting my way to freedom. Dont worry though, if you can bring your sleeping bag close enough to mine they'll leave you alone (whether it's worth breathing those fumes is up to you though)

[@LazyLoonz]

@@slgwdhhsbsnjs the main comment didn't need pointing out since right after that it said "we weren't"

[@koriw1701]

Being disabled and in Washington state, (and during Covid) I am not afforded the luxury of travelling to see such extraordinary discoveries, but you, Joe, bring all these remarkable findings to US in our homes! Thank you for your always interesting, often delightful stories that keep me captivated and involved in the world of science (my favorite subject!) By the way Joe, I saw you walking up the steps of the museum from the back, and I must tell you, do NOT carry wallets, phones or other solid objects in your back pocket! This long time habit can damage your spinal nerves at the root of the sacrum and can cause some fairly wicked sciatica! Just a suggestion... Stay awesome!

[@PjKneisel]

As a fellow disabled Washingtonian I feel you and agree!

[@NewMessage]

4:22 The worst part of every job is always the commute.

[@TragoudistrosMPH]

I will complain about traffic a bit less...

[@taniamanik2012]

Tragoudistros.MPH yeah but they get paid to specifically so that. We don't get paid to be stuck in traffic

[@TragoudistrosMPH]

@@taniamanik2012 🤔 *prepares fresh set of complaints for next commute* lol

[@taniamanik2012]

*do

[@justsayno5176]

5 min walking distance from office, you can do it ;)

[@DanteYewToob]

Those are some brave women... my god. I can't even watch the vent scene in Die Hard without wincing.. No thank you, I'm far too claustrophobic for that type of adventure. Those scientists are doing awesome work and deserve and have my respect.

[@jejeo4372]

Well if they weren't scared in the first place then it doesn't make them Brave if they do it

[@kebab8660]

@@jejeo4372 u gay

[@jejeo4372]

@@kebab8660 Im still right

[@jejeo4372]

@Lulu Jones yea, but would you call somone brave for not being afraid?

[@Sovereignty3]

What's worse is if that's deliberate disposal, they would have had to get in there without mechanical torches, they may have ben able to bring in some, or they may have used an other now no longer open entrance. Atleast these other humans are a bit smaller than us.

[@user-lx1xl]

I live in pretoria and have visited the cradle of humankind so many time now, it's so amazing. It's my favorite place on earth. I got see sister naledi's bones!

[@good_mourning]

With how different races and nationalities treat one another, could you imagine if there were different species of humans alive today?

[@robertstuart1043]

There are, pay atention to identity politics.

[@FionaA17]

BAHAHAHAHA

[@Persun_McPersonson]

@@robertstuart1043 That's not quite the same, but is indeed a similar type of in-fighting.

[@astranix0198]

Genocides left and right

[@Gob.]

Imagine a new species of human on the same planet that has a more advanced brain that you physically cannot outsmart.

[@CJ_McK]

I went to the cradle of humankind when i was about 13. I live in South Africa, so this wasn't some great journey across the ocean or anything.. just a short drive... the bones and ancient tools were fascinating. but it was hard to comprehend the gravity of what i was looking at at that age, especially since they were just a drive away... I'm 23 now, and have a new sense of pride at having been there in person. Thank you for sharing these stories :)

[@junrosamura645]

@NotJo Africa is where modern humans originated from. Care to explain or prove that isn't the case?

[@jerry3790]

NotJo Polycentrism isn’t nearly as widely accepted as the out of Africa theory. To anyone reading this, I’d recommend going with the experts current opinion. Also, what’s wrong with the cradle of humankind? Even if the multi regional theory is correct, why would that make the site less significant?

[@bakaribradford]

...

[@hardtruth7581]

@NotJo What facts do you have that mitochondrial eve wasn't African? Why would genetic scientists describe her as African, if she was not african? Why would they lie about something like that? Do you have any evidence to back your claims that they indeed did lie to all of us?

[@hardtruth7581]

@NotJo A lot of archaic hominins existed within africa as well, before modern huamns took shape. What's your point?

[@jaredsquires3323]

I got clausterphobic just looking at the freaking video of the crack they had to crawl through... wow.

[@rstevewarmorycom]

claustrophobic (sp) Lee Berger spelled it wrong!

[@ColeLPeltier]

Early Human #1: "Hey, look at these clowns with tiny little orange brains!" Early Human #2: "...wanna shove them all in this cave?"

[@SlimeKing5788]

Early human 1: glook yeah! Let’s do this! Early human 3: wait what?

[@joshuas.4969]

imagine future humans finding hundreds of our fossils in a weirdly grid pattern.

[@miukiwey]

yeaaah?? but I think that thanks to books, internet and so many things we have today, it won't be that hard for them to get information about their past, about our present, yk? but it's still fun to think about them finding out the fossils in a weird grid pattern 💀💀

[@avancalledrupert5130]

@@miukiwey civilization will of collapsed and rebuilt multiple times by then . There will be no records.

[@larryroyovitz7829]

@@avancalledrupert5130 "will HAVE collapsed"

[@ettore_mazza]

I just want to credit the artist author of the 3D model recostruction you can see in the video: she's Elisabeth Daynes and her work is just gorgeous.

[@danweaver4304]

Ettore Mazza - But do we really know the fragments of bone fossils are all from the same type of creature? Why would it not be humans + cats + dogs + ??? Using my imagination, as these wonderful people have done, I could create an infinite number of different interpretations - using the same set of fossil fragments!

[@xXCarolineFireLilyXx]

@@danweaver4304 because that's not how reconstruction works. It's literally their job to know the difference between the bones of different species.

[@danweaver4304]

Caro Kitty - indeed, it IS their job to know the difference in bones between species. They are also supposed to refrain from “making things up”, if they wish to keep scientific credentials. Unfortunately, all we have from the fossil record are things “made up” from imagination and educated guessing. royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsos.160342 www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-ideas/Geo_p015/geology/fossil-reconstruction-with-owl-pellets www.sedl.org/scimath/compass/v03n01/usingmath.html

[@carlosa.9533]

Ettore Mazza, what a good surprice seeing you here. Love your art :D

[@wschippr1]

When I saw them going down I was like, “no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, etc...” that’s a big nope to me. I am not claustrophobic (like I don’t mind working in a crawl space in buildings), but doing that underground freaks me out. Like if you get stuck you are fucked.

[@maggiee639]

Alex Noa imagine having a panic attack in there

[@mkbee6879]

I’m scared of caves and I’m the most claustrophobic person EVER. Why am I watching this lol. I don’t understand how they could do that

[@adityakashyap9338]

I found a gem on KZbin. The most underrated channel on this platform. Great success.

[@PhuongTran-bq2qy]

I always wonder how they could film the actual climbing, like the footage at the beginning, if it was that hard and dangerous. Cameraman may actually be the one profession that could grant you immortality lol (that's a joke my friend and I often tell when watching horror movies and stuff 🤣)

[@MsCherade9]

Amazing! My Dad told me about the first reportage about the discovery of Naledi before he passed away, he would be astounded to find out exactly what the fossil remains have actually told us. Sorry, my Dad was Autistic and one of his obsessions was pre- and early humanity, it was something he shared with me since I was a little girl. Ironically he was also a caver and climber, he he was an outdoor pursuits instructor for many years. Thank you for reporting on this, it's a stunning new piece of historical knowledge.

[@cjbabalos7188]

🙏

[@SarahCarrico]

I'd never heard of this branch of life, and I think it's wonderful that your dad was so passionate about so many worthwhile endeavours 🙂 I'm glad you could be excited in his stead.

[@ulricaluo2442]

People saw theirselves separate from nature.Thats so true,that’s what I argued with my friends all time. We are a part nature. Human is nature.

[@alanmckinnon6791]

I'm so happy YT recommended this video - I live about 30 miles from where Naledi was found. It's a lovely part of the work, rocky and hilly with amazing scenery. Great place for picnics too! It's close to the well-known Sterkfontein Caves where the bones Mrs Ples and Little Foot were found. Dr. Berger wrote a book about the 2 species he helped discover - Almost Human - and it is a very good read. Recommended!

[@georgecampbell9305]

Congratulations to all. Great work. under very challenging access conditions. 1. The Dinaledi Chamber is about 100 ft below the surface. Recreational scuba divers are allowed to descend below that depth. 2. The horizontal burial field may not be extensive. 3.Bore holes and core sampling could guide an archeologically benign shaft to a much shorter horizontal distance to the chamber. 4. Excavation could proceed on a more intense scale. Question to Lee Berger are you thinking along these lines ? Also geomorphologists and hydrogeologsts could with relative ease work back to the depth of the cave and likely entrances given the age of the fossils. Therein may lie the answer to 'how'

[@sarahleonard7309]

WAIT! They used ESR to date the fossils? That's so freakin' cool! I've worked with ESR my entire adult life, studying protein interactions. I had no idea that it was being used to date fossils, too. My apologies. We nerds have a bad habit of getting tunnel vision when it comes to our own research.

[@EveloGrave]

Isn't there a species of ant that disposes of their dead and/or sick?

[@stefansauvageonwhat-a-twis1369]

Evelo well yeah ants are awesome

[@MsCherade9]

It's more than just disposing of the dead. It's having an awareness of our individual future mortality and having specific funerary practices that are used generation after generation. Elephants graveyards are a real thing, they go to die in one place and their herds/families go there to see their specific remains. But they don't have an individual awareness of their mortality, nor do they do any rituals as a group with the dead bodies.

[@swedishfool91]

Not just ants, Neanderthals did that as well.

[@MrNight-dg1ug]

Ants release a chemical that tells the others they're dead. They get removed to feed the colony and to remove cluster. So not entirely the same. Also, fun fact, there's a video demonstrating what happens if you pour a drop of said acid onto an ant, that's alive. something with zombie ant.

[@EnchantedSmellyWolf]

Aren't bug autonomous creatures?

[@ByronTaaka]

9:19 They were probably hiding from us. Think about it. Hiding in places where sapiens couldn't reach them.

[@alandye6471]

This was the first thought that I had too.

[@elainevegan5386]

That’s what I was thinking. And then just died there.

[@ByronTaaka]

@TheCyberShark Nice Analysis! However, Based on their Body Size vs that of Sapiens, it is safe to say that they were NOT Trapped. they could comfortably move in and out at will. - They have been discovered many decades later, with the aid of technology. Technology aside, I believe the population at that moment in time was very sparse, hence finding their hiding place would not be as easy for the sapiens. - Covid-19 hit us, and some countries went for a "LockDown". If huge (cannibal) Aliens were to invade Earth Today, We would probably go hiding in similar places; Places where, even if they discovered that we were in there, it would take them some good time and resources to extract us. - But then again, if all They were after, is our Entire land and resources, then embracing the hiding place (deep caves) as our new home would be an auto-response if we can't fight back. - And at wee Hours, we would emerge, to get food and water, then return to our caves.

[@tristanlj3409]

Why would they be hiding from us though? There is nothing to suggest that they would have bigger problems escaping us rather than any other species. It’s a rather sapiens-centric perspective while there is nothing to suggest that we were more successful at the time than other human species were

[@scankhunt4206]

@@caseyjude5472 there could have been a massive asteriod storm and they went there for protection

[@kidzvidz3262]

I had a friend named Neo and I sent him a picture of this Neo. Also I had that as my profile pic for a while. He did payback by changing his profile pic to Arthur from the Arthur TV series

[@JahMagne223]

He took tha red pill didnt he?😂

[@stef__194]

sooo the human history is like a river as you said : "The species divide and sometimes reunite to create new ones

[@MrTomtomtest]

Yes, nowadays we have genes inherited from different human species.

[@smcic]

How are they different species then, if they interbred?

[@pmm1767]

@@smcic the term species isn't meant to be used strictly. In biology, nothing is strictly confined to words we created. Everything is like a spectrum or gradient. When you look at the spectrum of colours, can you tell the exact point where red becomes orange? No, right? Similarly, when organisms aren't separated by a whole lot, they may practically be a different species, but technically, there is no clear line.

[@cloudxiii3240]

@@smcic your question is pretty spot on. They are not fully distinguished species, but most of the time they are definitely different and environmentally isolated enough to not just call them different "races" anymore. (Race itself is a pretty unscientific kategory)

[@Q_QQ_Q]

@CloudXIII race is a policy , not science .

[@helsiclife]

So interesting, those women are really fearless!!

[@zain4019]

Helsic en China I loved this clip, it’s insightful and informative with a bit of adventure:)

[@nancydeis7121]

@@brendan8593 Can you imagine not being afraid of getting stuck in a small crack of the earth but being afraid of snakes and spiders. Oh the horror of that .....

[@kman5475]

I began squirming during the map of the came part. WAAY too small--and getting injured would be an absolute disaster! Definitely brave folk.

[@dionnecollet4473]

@@brendan8593 still makes them less fearless than the average

[@davidcolby1456]

Fearless and small. As much as I would love to join them unless they Dynamite all the small spots out I'll never be there.

[@christine1479]

I came back to this video because I was showing it to my son. After seeing this the first time I wanted to go see that exhibit. I lived in Arlington so we were very close to Dallas. I couldn't get time off or the money to go until March. I'd just bought the tickets for me, my son and my niece to go see the exhibit and then just a few days before our scheduled visit, we got an email that the museum was closing down due to covid. I was so disappointed. We got refunded but I may never get a chance to see those fossils ever again and man I was so close.

[@c.r.blankenship9040]

Underground Astronauts would be a kickass band name

[@violetine8917]

"Everywhere you looked, You could just see flashes of bones" Ughhhhh, That's terrifying!

[@jejeo4372]

I don't think so, just some stone like objects that were in living creatures a long time ago

[@Wellington......]

You mean exciting 😂

[@louisejohnson6767]

Violetine, I agree! It reminds me of that horror movie about the group of women who do a deep cave dive. Turns out that there be monsters in that there cave. I remember that the parts that were scariest were those in which the woman(e) could only get flashes of the monsters, illuminated by the thin beam of light provided by their headlamps. I thought about this movie as soon as they showed the real world team working their way through the cave. If you're not an archeologist, someone who is use to seeing the bodies of the dead, in multitudes, then it could be very unnerving. All in all, pretty damn scary!😳!

[@orbitm935]

Thank you for this video, I live in South Africa and seeing a video about the Cradle of Humankind having been there myself makes this video so much more special 🇿🇦

[@user-gh1ef3ys5v]

At my grandma’s house my dad found like a sea snake (like the one from movies) fossil or something

[@thisiserich]

Only part of this I am really scratching my head on is how the bones got in the cave. That region had to be open at some point because there is no way they climbed that far into that cave with human remains and presumably no light source. The only thing that I think would be possible is that at one point in time that wasn't a cave, or it was, but it was easily accessible with a large opening. Then maybe the land shifted over the years and it all collapsed, forming what we have to explore today.

[@prabathhemachandra]

There is a rock blocking the cave from the rest of Africa, but that rock wasn't blocking the cave long time ago

[@Teef305]

I immediately sent this to all my friends! So cool to see people continuing to push the limits of our current knowledge/beliefs in this field! I’ll admit I haven’t heard the analogy of branches used for the human evolution before, but this makes way more sense and beyond thrilled to learn something new!! Thank you for sharing this amazing opportunity with us!

[@alandgomez5905]

You've never heard of it before? I've always had a hard time visualizing it, as if it was something physical lol.

[@Teef305]

Aland Gomez I grew up in public school in a town of rich, white, beach town Mormons that also had textbooks that would avoid the use of “slave” and replaced it with “unpaid worker”- so you know this wasn’t really in the lesson plan ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

[@Christ_died_for_your_sins_777.]

No such thing as evolution

[@batcavegiantpenny8059]

Bull Whipz I hope you’re being sarcastic

[@Christ_died_for_your_sins_777.]

@@batcavegiantpenny8059 I hope you get out of my comments. No. Evolution is a myth. It's a thing used to explain-away God. So I'm not joking

[@theartassignment]

This was incredibly cool! Amazing episode!

[@davidthomas2402]

Watch this videos on this playlist to understand both evolution and creation how all started and spread the link other people to understand kzbin.info/aero/PL13eE2x3qhPktufTQOHw0wsMOPdxFky-P

[@OHOE1]

So new humans will be created

[@elkiness]

You're always good, Joe, great to watch. But this is especially fascinating. I like the way your bring out the most profound thoughts of the scientists. The visuals are excellent, exciting. Lots of food for thought. I live in Israel, and now I often think of all these ancient species...the woods a 20 minute drive away is pocked with caves...an hour away is the Carmel caves, where so many species lived. This is an amazing time to live--discovering the past and zooming into the future.

[@ulalaFrugilega]

"We haven't really been tested yet." Autumn 2019…

[@DneilB007]

A little bit ominous, in retrospect.

[@meissoun]

@@Howtoplix it’s sad that you still have such a limited view on our heritage, even after watching this video. The reality is so much more fascinating than what some old books make it up to be.

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

Sorry to say, this pandemic, though a _bit_ of a test, was NOT a real TEST to our species. Now, when our planet gets so bad due to what we are doing to it that our descendants a few hundred years from now are attempting to scrape out their survival amid poisoned water, extremely drastic weather, and the loss of most of the planet's biodiversity, _that_ will be a real test. One which our species may not survive at all, thanks to what we are doing right now. It will, at minimum, be a severe bottleneck, like few of our progenitor species, except ones like the mitochondrial Eve found in our DNA, have ever seen. We may end up as extinct as the Neanderthal, Denisovan, etc... and then the planet's remaining species can hopefully recover from the damage we have done, all due to greed.

[@goldenwarrior1186]

@@MaryAnnNytowl What the commenter was referring to was COVID-19 testing

[@verdatum]

I really love this sharpening of evolution away from a tree model into the concept of a series of rivulets. In terms of things like gene drift that concept makes so much more sense. It is important and useful to teach it.

[@corwin32]

So this new hominid’s name is “Star Man”?

[@user-ce2wz2ki6z]

yeah , that’s what the animal humanoids or animalistic humans are trying to say , it’s hate speech

[@ashflint23]

@@user-ce2wz2ki6z okay buddy

[@user-ce2wz2ki6z]

Gaeemz Guy ‘okey’ what (why)

[@winlati]

Star-Lord

[@edoardocastelnovi7154]

Rocket Man

[@mattlawson714]

I went to the Perot Museum in Dallas during this exhibit and it was incredible. The re-creation was very lifelike. This video has completely different content than the video at the exhibit so this just adds to the experience!

[@elaimaro122]

In this sense evolution's more like a river, than a tree

[@logicandreason3812]

Didn't Neanderthals also dispose of their dead with gifts in a burial? We have know for way longer that we are not the only species who did this.

[@ronenshtein7083]

Yes, but at the time (and even now) some wanted to lump Neanderthals into H. sapiens... Now we know that species with even smaller brains (e.g. naledi) may have done the same. While Neanderthals and Denisovans split up along with us (sapiens) from the relatively large brained heidelbergensis (/ rhodesiensis), most recent studies find naledi to be a product of the more archaic H. erectus (from which heidelbergensis also arose). So at this point, lumping it all into H. sapiens becomes really unreasonable.

[@shadowmax889]

@@ronenshtein7083 i think the argument to lump us with Neanderthals and Denisovans its because we managed to interbreed and have viable offspring with them.

[@ronenshtein7083]

@@shadowmax889 that's another argument, yes. But plenty of species can interbreed which quite rarely may result in a fertile offspring. If, like in the case of human species, the interbreeding took place relatively early on in their speciation (separation into species) such offsprings are more likely to be fertile... Over large enough time scales horizontal gene trasfer becomes very likely to have occurred, it is just that only recently we started to test for it.

[@shadowmax889]

@@ronenshtein7083 of course we need more data from fossils to human population genetics to settle this out. I found recently a paper that claims that the "Y" neanderthal chromosome was incompatible with us so only male sapiens could have viable offspring with female neanderthals, which could favor the argument of separate species. Although I never found a replication of that study

[@sugarnads]

Based on old work and rather wishful thinking on the part of the initial excavators. Hard to prove or disprove based on the dig reports.

[@asdfqwertA]

We're extremely fortunate to have the opportunity to visit the Cradle of Mankind during our High School years in South Africa. Extremely fascinating stuff

[@FloozieOne]

This was among the best episodes, if not the best episode I have seen on this channel so far. I am always disbelieving of archeologists naming a new species on the basis of one little bone fragment or a single tooth. This happens all the time with animal species especially dinosaurs and earlier where evidence is often fragmentary or distorted by time, pressure or water. Here there is a complete picture not just of some bones but also how they fit together and worked which we don't have for ANY OTHER SPECIES. What a treasure. It will take many researchers decades to work out all the parameters but most if not all of the questions will be answered in time. I would be interested to learn what their diet was like and what the balance of meat/plant matter they had. One last note: Tiny spaces are not my thing. I have trouble getting out of my bedroom door when I let too much stuff pile up on one side, I would be the first modern human to get stuck and end up being mummified and added to the bones already there.

[@horstp.7995]

I got panicky just watching the diagram of the cave Fascinating non the less.

[@MrMalformedllama]

Who in their right mind discovers these area in the first place... "Yeah here's a 7 inch wide fissure that goes straight down, let's explore it and see if we can make it back out"

[@MrMalformedllama]

@@avw5kt I'd like to think there's a difference between spelunking and then trying to force your way into a crevice that could pretty easily end you

[@MGSLurmey]

@@MrMalformedllama I imagine they lower some cameras or something down into these caves to see what's down there before diving in themselves. It's unfortunate that they can't just expand the tunnels little by little, because that would further bury and thus hide the fossils they're in there to find and potentially cause a collapse, which is even more dangerous than entering the cave already is.

[@carolevans5285]

Spot on , 💯 all bollocks for the people with brains the size of an 🍊

[@skeetum2695]

that tiny crack is giving me flashbacks to that comic where there was a hole shaped for every individual person edit: yeah its called "the enigma of amigara fault"

[@gwyn.]

Skeetum Just searched about it Of course it’s junji Ito…

[@abbeyscott2321]

I love Junji Ito

[@finonevado8891]

discovered junji ito like a week ago and now it seems to follow me freaking everywhere- even joe's channel now

[@sundeww]

yeah that made me scared for days

[@skeetum2695]

kalvin john drr... drr... drr...

[@juliapinzon9970]

This video is my favorite. It has story, it has depth, it has BONES THAT CHANGE HISTORY

[@destree6348]

I'm just glad to know that there are others who had these kinds of questions too and for the people who actually go out to find the answers

[@davidjuneja]

Horror : earthquake.

[@vacantplanet]

Well anything unexpected would be horror in there

[@jauxro]

@@vacantplanet honestly the bones are pretty spooky too

[@caiohenrique1603]

EARFQUAKE

[@Trathaal]

vacantplanet Imagine somehow there was a colony of those hominids that adapted to cave life... albino, blind, huge ears, sickly looking... you go in there to unearth fossils and instead get pounced on

[@RickDarko]

Convenient... when something confirm their fake theories.. is ok... when something is not...owwww an earthquake put ir in there.... how convenient.

[@CoreenMontagna]

Hey, the first all-female underground space walk, lol 😁

[@WhyNot-vz4tr]

Love it. ☺️

[@jejeo4372]

Meh, not worth a comment imo, lmao

[@UpSky2]

Actually, considering the cost of lofting mass/weight into orbit, it might be that the most favored astronauts of the future might be Philippine women, who are usually built quite compactly. (There are exceptions, yes....) And this dig proves some point along those lines. It's a joy to see this sort of thing come to be.

[@CoreenMontagna]

Yo, this was a joke, a reference to the much-hyped all-female spacewalk that took place in October 2019.

[@sundalongpatpat]

@@UpSky2 When you said Philippine women, it sounds like Filipinas are mere specimens lol.

[@frankmenchaca9993]

This the 3rd time I've watched this video, and I am still watching it with amazement. I can hardly wait for another installment of our familie's journey.

[@isadoravieira4477]

That´s amaaaaaazing! I got so excited seeing the images of all the different skulls! Great video.

[@L3GITME]

“It’s not what we don’t know that gets us into trouble, it’s what we know for sure that just ain’t so.” -Mark Twain

[@Kinetic650]

how does this comment even apply to this video?

[@singingsam40]

@@Kinetic650 Perhaps he/she's implying that to believe in the process of evolution through natural selection across millennia, rather than in a divine 'creation' over 7 days is presumptuous. I'm only surmising though, I could be totally wrong ...

[@hahna77]

Indeed.

[@Mdebacle]

The DNA of Neanderthal (and Denisovan) turned out to be 15-16ths human and 1-16th chimpanzee. The researchers never considered the possibility of the ape-men being the result of human-ape hybridization.

[@antsinmyeyesjohnson7709]

Ants also dispose of their dead. It's crazy to think that these tiny guys had rituals and lived along side us I wonder what happened to them

[@croissantfromage7289]

This comment makes your pseudonym very appropriate

[@nicholaslewis8594]

Pretty sure ants just dispose of dead ants for practical reasons and don’t add any cultural or religious significance to it.

[@brodersami]

Man, I remember ants. Whatever happened to those tiny guys?

[@yuvanraj2271]

@@nicholaslewis8594 maybe that is how our burial started. Remember we didn't even know that there were microscopic organisms till thousand years ago so they must have came up with supernatural reasons for people getting sick when they are near rotting corpse.

[@TragoudistrosMPH]

@@nicholaslewis8594 based on what, though? We have 0 ability to detect the thoughts and experiences of ants. We can't detect the thoughts and feelings of other humans, we instead use body language, and verbal language. I would say that I have no idea what rationale ants might have for disposing of their dead the way that they do, because there's no prove or disprove one theory or another.

[@ahetzel9054]

I watched the documentary a few years back on netflix. I've been waiting for someone to bring this information. Thank you

[@vociferonheraldofthewinter2284]

I don't buy that birds are 'morning their dead.' My mother had a farm and one of the turkeys died. Her husband tossed it on the burn pile for later disposal. The other turkeys came across it and were 'talking' it. They were dancing around it, nudging it, and cooing at it. My mother got all sappy and said, "Oh! They're sad for their dead friend!" She was close to tears. All of a sudden one of them leapt in and starting eating. The rest of the flock dove in right behind her. They were just testing the body to make sure it wouldn't fight back. Once they were sure it had no signs of life, they had no issue ripping into their 'friend.' These were very well-fed animals. All of their needs were met. And they still feasted on the carcass of their flock-mate with gusto.

[@thegameranch5935]

Not all birds Some birds

[@oliviadietrich1404]

I am a proud South African right now and if I could I would send this video to our government. 😂😂😇😇❤❤❤😢

[@davidthomas2402]

Watch this videos on this playlist to understand both evolution and creation how all started and spread the link other people to understand kzbin.info/aero/PL13eE2x3qhPktufTQOHw0wsMOPdxFky-P

[@wellthen4128]

SA gangg

[@delsi26]

@@wellthen4128 change your name please

[@mrpetersen5241]

It's upsetting that it was taken away to another country. Proudly SA though lol

[@allftw2677]

@@delsi26 it dosent matter because he isn't really him . Don't get sensetive it really dosent matter.

[@erictaylor5462]

4:00 The term would be "geonauts"

[@erictaylor5462]

@krugzer True, but that would be "cave traveler" I'm thinking more "ground traveler." in the same way a pilot might be called an aeronaut.

[@overkill2933]

4:11

[@jasonbuell7958]

Thank you! I made a post about this same thing before I saw yours.

[@THETINTMASTER]

The fact that we now live in a society with artificial limbs, glasses, and a modern society that encompasses all has made natural selection not as much a factor as one would like to think when it comes to humans.

[@noeraldinkabam]

My stomach really reacts when they describe their “commute” What a nightmare! But I am grateful for their courage and hard work.

[@beactivebehappy9894]

Does anybody think that this channel is one of most underrated science channels ?? At least deserves a 7 M+ mark and 500m views!!

[@arthas640]

The creators are mildly famous writers and hosts, and they work with world famous groups on a semi regular basis such as PBS (who financially back some of their work) and the Smithsonian (who they work with sometimes).

[@IAmLeeTV]

I live in Dallas and have a Perot Museum membership! Definitely taking my boys there. This is awesome! Thank you Joe and the team!!!

[@ReevansElectro]

For people who dig for a living, did it never occur to them to dig out the access a bit for easier access? We do have electric chisels and diamond rotary blade cutters now.

[@probegt75]

u really are dumber than hell...yea let's use a damn jackhammer and a concrete saw to dig up ancient fossils

[@ReevansElectro]

@@probegt75 Do you know the difference between a jackhammer and an electric chisel?

[@jennak8946]

@@ReevansElectro I think they like to preserve the caves. not sure. It might also damage the fossils. Or maybe they don't want to do anything that might cause parts to collapse. But I imagine it's some other reason I am unaware of. I'm sure they use some excavation tools available, But no idea

[@XWierdThingsHappenX]

Probably because it might cause the cave to collapse

[@ReevansElectro]

@@XWierdThingsHappenX Good point! A tiny few taps on the openings will bring it all down and yet, crawling around in it is completely safe, right?

[@masterofpureawesome]

"You'd have to live underground until you can get yourself out"

[@xx-zp4mj]

masterofpureawesome i got an anxiety attack just hearing that as i watch her in that tiny ass crack in the middle of the earth lmao

[@theresebrandser]

“It trickles out, simply forward in time, following the landscape carved out by natural selection”... Brilliant descriptor :)

[@s4turnnn649]

So, one time I went caving and it was a really tight space. I had a badly sunburnt back at the time. I think you might be able to guess the sheer amount of pain I was in. EDIT: I was 5'2 and only about 100 lbs at the time so you may be able to guess how small it was.

[@zeff8820]

This is beautiful! I wish you made a new documentary about human history!

[@GregoryPastoll]

Good stuff, well presented, better than most on KZbin.Thanks.

[@SD_Marc]

I about had an anxiety attack looking at that cave system. Kudos to that team.

[@theresahemminger1587]

I don’t understand why so many interesting things like this have the addendum of taking us down a peg. We are still who we are and discoveries like this simply enlarge our sense of who we are; they don’t diminish it. The attitude of. “...and you thought you were something special” serves only to take away our delight in it...

[@Q3ark]

I agree with you, however some people seem to believe humans are unique and special, removed from nature, if you will. These discoveries challenge that notion and it unsettles people.

[@BackstabberDD]

@@Q3ark So sad to me :C I would think that discovering how we fit in with everything on our beautiful planet would be exhilarating and really just deepen our perspective and compassion for our natural surroundings and even ourselves. I cannot imagine /wanting/ to feel out of place, or superior to something so amazing. I am so happy to be a part of it all

[@rogersledz6793]

Thank you so much for uploading this video. It is helping me get through the pandemic!

[@evanmoskovoy6072]

'We're just along for the ride', beautifully said

[@hasanathasan4651]

"hey smart people, Joe here" Me: "who's Joe?"

[@iigoofylucyii8103]

Joe mama

[@fluffymuffin4567]

Joseph Mother

[@Mnv94]

Donald Trump's father

[@salt-emoji]

Joe educator

[@JamesSmith-rb5lv]

Yosef Maternal Entity

[@christopheb9221]

Seeing how race really isn't a thing I wonder if we knew of or lived among different hominids and assumed anyone that looked different was. I think what is really interesting is legends of these like the nicknamed Hobbit in an Indonesian island and there is a foketale of the little jungle people. Same with mega fauna. Edit:We sure do a good job of trimming these branchs

[@oscresson]

How great to hear Becca talk about humans and other animals, accepting who we are (11:07). A small way we can raise our flag. Well done.

[@WalkingDday]

I went caving in the Peak district UK eons ago. We were in a mix of mine and natural cave. Access was by squeezing feet first down a hole then way down in the bowels we crawled through a galery half full of water. The memory if it freaks me out now.

[@mrbearbear83]

I've been to SA caves where bones where found, but that was ten years or more ago and it wasn't here, but it made me feel so connected to our shared past, wondering if the veld I walked was similar to the landscape they walked, wondered what they thought of the stars (and SA has some great and vast star scapes) and how the same sun shone on them that shines on us.

[@fernandoroque]

i love you joe, seriously. You just have the perfect balance on the video between science and the cultural feeling to belong to the earth and not own it. We need more people like you, specially here in Brazil. Thanks for your wonderful work

[@patriciamccormick9321]

Thanks for this episode as I watched the original documentary of this discovery, it was interesting to see how their original hypothesis have changed as the bones gave up more info.

6 girls people! Yay girls! Kudos to your bravery and brilliance. A great example for girls that they can be more than models.

[@donotstare4432]

Literally everyone knows that

[@Jane_under_a_tree_with_a_book]

Women, not girls.

@@donotstare4432 Adults should, but impressionable teeneagers, I wouldn't bet.