This is The World's Most Complex Construction Project

The epic story of the largest nuclear fusion reactor ever built.
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[@ex1tium]

The CAD files for this thing must be interesting.

[@SilentDecode]

Massive understatement.

[@gekfurian]

The cad files maybe. But the scientific reasearch is intrestingly inconsistent or controversial. You can build a unicorn catcher, it doesn't mean uncorns exist.

[@sidehop]

How many 5.25" floppy disks 😏

[@chris-hayes]

I was thinking about that, do they have all the parts in one software? This might be the most complex machine ever made.

[@DanM012324]

@@gekfurianexcept Fusion does exist. It powers the sun and our nuclear weapons. Controlling it is the hard part..

[@Fenthule]

Wow Fred. The honour in being able to go to ITER is immense. That truly shows the reach that this channel has. I can't imagine what kinds of security clearances you had to go through to get in there and film that. Truly dedicated to the cause of advancing/showcasing human engineering and construction. Bravo.

[@AluminumOxide]

I had the same pleasure of visiting back in February

[@Imaboss8ball]

Considering that any country is allowed to participate i doubt the security is that strict.

[@silverXnoise]

Also, getting Hans Zimmer to compose the soundtrack to a KZbin video. Really impressive.

[@WorldfreeFreemark]

Honor? It's a propaganda piece. I'd be surprised if they didn't pay him. What's the price of deuterium? Tritium?

[@andrea31101996]

@@WorldfreeFreemark found the idiot

[@The_Real_Chris]

While it seems 90% of humans are hell bent on destroying each other, it’s refreshing to be reminded there are still a group of us who are working hard to build a better future.

[@---yx7ti]

its actually like 10 percent trying to fuck everyone over, and succeeding

[@OzGoober]

Thank you.

[@OneEyedMonkey9000]

Most just want to get along. Truely. Don’t let the bot armies fool you! ❤

[@AzureDefiance3701]

Stupid politicians man

[@damstay]

Lol! No.

[@joshuaupham5993]

I'm betting I won't see this happen in my lifetime.

[@bobeyes3284]

No but plenty of lying scientists will do very well out of it. Make a small fortune while claiming they need more money to make a new one as the last few dozen didn't work.

[@MiixDJ]

I have read (or watched, can't remember) a statement from one of the senior researchers/engineers working on the project that it is highly unlikely we are going to see fusion power in our lifetime with the current progress, unless some major breakthrough happens.

[@bartdereu9267]

I think it will be way beyond 2050

[@mohdrashid8336]

Proud to be part of ITER Project. our company "INETEC" has developed inspection modules to inspect 9+ ITER components!!

[@egor.okhterov]

This must feel truly special and rewarding 😊

[@TML0677]

While Billions of ppl are starving, you are wasting money on nothing

[@GRAVEAUDIO]

​@@TML0677You are talking out your arse mate. Lol.

[@tightwad]

Did u check the code for Y2K compliance like INITECH from "Office Space"? Don't trust Milton w any Orange staplers or dock his paychecks 😮

[@johndelorean2284]

@@TML0677780,000,000 people, not billions you looney tune.

[@Marvid236]

What always frustrates me about the topic of ITER are the people who complain about the costs. Current estimates are around 22 billion euros over the entire construction period. Even if it ends up being 30 or 40 billion, that’s a joke compared to what, for example, the USA spends on military expenses-over 900 billion per year! Even a smaller country like Germany spends 60 billion per year. The ITER project is so important for all of humanity. It could solve many problems and even conflicts. I wish it would receive more attention and less criticism.

[@lukasvavrich3349]

Exactly. Since this project is for the advancement of all of humanity, even if it costs 100 times that it will be worth it.

[@hydromic2518]

Exactly, the ISS cost around $150 billion but it taught us so much about how the body reacts to extended periods of time in space, and so much form the many other experiments. Not to mention the knowledge gained from building it, like water purification.

[@JohanHultin]

Just because others waste more doesn't make this less a waste, now that's assuming the completed construction is a failure. Which I doubt, even though I am not sure this will be that defining moment in Fusion, I don't know what else would so this build is as good a guess as any I suppose.

[@maythesciencebewithyou]

If only those people knew how much it costs to build a single modern nuclear power plant. It's in the same ballpark as ITER so far. Adjusted for inflation, the Manhattan project cost 30 billion.

[@DavidMulderOne]

If it works out it will be money well spend for sure, the 'irritating' thing is that it's a 28 year long construction project in the base case scenario. More realistically it will take longer. And even if it succeeds, it will take decades more before they figure out how to commercialize it, as every step along the 28 year way probably is crazy custom. That's not to say it's a mistake to spend the money, but it's one of the biggest gambles I think ever where the result was very much unknown (like sure, something like the space race was incredibly expensive, but every step along the way wasn't that big of a gamble based on the previous step... but maybe I am overestimating the risk of ITER being a 'failure')

[@daa3930]

Sees the title So is this video going to be about the time when Germans tried to build an airport? /s

[@TheB1M]

Haha, we'll cover that soon!

[@Alvias]

Well, we might not be able to build a functioning airport but at least we excel at railway infrastructure. ... Oh well.

[@Direkin]

LOL! I had almost forgotten about that one.

[@donc-m4900]

I thought, building the high speed rail the the Northeast Corridor in the US. Still waiting.

[@GordonFreeman-sl6pi]

@@Alvias See, I don't understand that. Why, with all the German know-how and industrial expertise, they haven't managed a better system. It has to be politics, I refuse to believe Germany isn't capable of doing it.

[@hawtpotato90210]

French scientists: we can build it at my house, my parents are cool.

[@nands111]

The Japanese wanted to build it in their house. But unfortunately... earthquakes.

[@LtdJorge]

​@@nands111 and space

[@DavidDavoDavidson]

I think it’s because the French have a bunch of nuclear know how within their country.

[@calebmhorvath]

only time french government is generous with anything concerning it's property lmao

[@nands111]

@@DavidDavoDavidson fission know how doesn't really help for fusion

[@figmp4]

this is the shit that makes me want to stick around forever just to see what humans do. the good, the bad, and the ugly.

[@italianbasegard]

Doesn’t matter how much you want to “stick around forever”. We’ve all got our clocks ticking, and will all die eventually, no matter how bad we want otherwise

[@ward7337]

@@italianbasegardno shit 😂

[@mururoa7024]

A lot of people think this will be a power plant, but it's not really, it's primarily a research center. We've already proven fusion works. Now we need to prove it works at scale.

[@thomasmaughan4798]

"We've already proven fusion works." We? Anyway, yes, we use a fusion splicer. Works great.

[@Mrbfgray]

It's to harvest unlimited taxpayer funds. Hope it leads to something but net energy output is not even close to economically viable, likely never will be for Earth.

[@mururoa7024]

@@Mrbfgray Many dumb comments out there but you are the winner.

[@lazymass]

​​@@Mrbfgray i mean, we need to try... Maybe we never achieve it, nobody trully knows... But. It's so good potential source of energy that it would be so wrong to not try at all

[@Mrbfgray]

@@lazymass Depends on the opportunity cost and likelihood of success. Will it ever exceed the economic potential of indirect fusion when solar panels continue to dramatically decrease in cost and increase in efficiency and are already on par with the cheapest electric gen? I doubt it. Government initiatives like this are defined by inefficiencies and waste and take on a life of their own without regard to economics, often well past obsolescence. Hydrogen fuel is a classic example, gov funds STILL flowing into that when it's been obvious for decades it's never going be remotely cost effective. Vastly leaner, cheaper private fusion projects are in the works.

[@azharel]

The B1M team is the hardest working KZbinr.. They have been travelling around the globe to deliver the best construction contents. Appreciate the hard work!

[@ChatGPT1111]

Just think. If the U.S. wasn't defending all of Europe and the EU had to foot their entire bill, they never would've been able to do any of this.

[@aethericgaming9068]

@@ChatGPT1111 Yeah at least try and hide the ignorance of using that name mate.

[@ChatGPT1111]

@@aethericgaming9068 I'm sorry, did I strike a nerve? 🤣😂🤣

[@krashd]

@@ChatGPT1111 No, you aren't capable of such a thing.

[@tcf70tyrannosapiensbonsai]

¿?

[@aquual1462]

"I'm smilling not because the sun is shinning" - How to say you are British without saying you are British.

[@TheB1M]

Haha, you know it 😅

[@aquual1462]

@@TheB1M Great video, great work. Hopefully one day we will see it working. It's such a long awaited project.

[@procatprocat9647]

Speaking English properly is the sure sign of being British. Not some sorry attempt at English, like americans blurt out

[@colin-nekritz]

@@procatprocat9647I’m American, from the US, of the rare well-educated worldly variety having spent time in Europe, and I wholeheartedly endorse your remark: Proper English.

[@guidoferri8683]

I know right, a real British would be in awe asking what is that yellow circle in the sky

[@om3g4z3r0]

Gordon doesn't need to hear all this, he's a trained professional.

[@GordonFreeman-sl6pi]

Damn right son

[@HarrisonSanders-xb8wn]

Now send him in. “AAAaaa- “.

[@MikMoen]

We've boosted the Reactor to 105%. Bit of a gamble, but we needed the extra energy output. They're waiting for you Gordon. In the Tokamaaaaac.

[@robbieshand6139]

There's a slight fluctuation, no it's well within acceptable parameters...

[@michaelhess4825]

That would make a KILLER multiplayer level...for any game!

[@firstlast-ty4di]

Imagine this reactor sustaining fusion for 5 minutes in one day. I don't think it's likely, but imagine it anyway. After running such an experiment, researchers would examine reactor components for wear and damage. They would assess that examination to see what kind on repairs and changes would be needed prior to the next experiment. They would also decide how long the next experiment could be run without the risk of a dangerous failure. They might be ready for the next run in about 6 months. After a period of years, researchers might be able to sustain fusion continuously for 1 hour. At that point, the facility will not be able to economically and safely continue. But, we will know many things that we don't anticipate today. This will enable the design of the next generation of research fusion reactor. With the lessons learned in the construction of ITER, the next device might only require 20 years to build. That next device would still not produce commercial electricity, but it could employ actual experimental electrical generation facilities to uncover the challenges that facet of full-scale design would encounter. 60 years ago, I studied the development of "pinch" fusion reactors when I was doing my undergraduate studies. Pinch has made way for more promising approaches such as tokamak used at ITER. I will not live to see what progress we will make in the next 60 years. I hope we keep getting closer.

[@abcdefg4570]

I hope I'll get to see this technology succeed one day! In 60 years, I will be 79 years old, if I am lucky. Even thinking that far into the future is scary, however.

[@pendrodor]

@@abcdefg4570 in 60 years you could see us using this technology as a space propulsion :) reaching far planets of our solar system :) and one day even alpha centauri

[@abcdefg4570]

​@@pendrodor That would be amazing!! I wonder what the world will look like when I am an old man! I want to stay young forever, but aging is inevitable, and I will appreciate every single day I have left! Even 2050 seems like science fiction, but soon, 2050 will be closer than 2000.. It's crazy.

[@80AM.]

@@abcdefg4570 not necessarily. plenty of research groups looking for a way to reverse aging. producing new results every day. one day it'll happen. sooner than later, too.

[@Apodeipnon]

28:43 congrats on becoming the representative for South Korea! What an honor!

[@That_droper]

😊

[@RussetPotato]

Huge experiment just to understand plasma and fusion principles and I am all for it.

[@cakeisalie]

fusion could mean as much as interstellar travel (minus the cryo-sleep concept)

[@voidocvali]

@@cakeisalie If you sleep close to cooling system for the magnets, it's close to cry-sleep concept....

[@lazymass]

​@@voidocvalidid we solve the problem of water crystallization making it possible to freeze human body without destroying our cells? Because the one thing is cooling, but the other thing is cooling that won't destroy our cells

[@LtdJorge]

​@@lazymass no. Blood storage uses glycerol, though.

[@GamingGrenade1]

I've been looking forward to this since the announcement on Monday

[@TheB1M]

It's been a long 2 days 😅

[@trudy__taylorandjorjamummy]

​@@TheB1M I thought I'd seen something like this recently, then thought I was going crazy cos Fred wouldn't post the same video twice!! ❤❤

[@ZeroSpy_]

I’ve always been fascinated by making an industrial grade fusion reactor, glad it’s research is actually picking up pace

[@alexminns2220]

Just in case the B1M hasn’t heard this enough, thank you. I love this.

[@MiroslavDrahos]

I remember how I took a train ride from Prague towards my birthtown some 8 or 10 years ago. Don't really know when. There was a guy working on a computer next to me, he had some schemes of coils and wiring in front of him and it looked... you just knew it was something special. Then the announcement of low battery popped up, he looked into his NTB pouch...and cursed. He left his charger in the office. I happened to have my laptop of the same brand with me, so I gladly offered it for the progress of humankind. He plugged hic computer and continued working. I couldn't help myself from asking what it was. He carefully looked around and asked: "Do you know what a tokamak is?" I gasped. "I'm from Academy of science and I'm part of the team to design and construct the prototype of the nuclear fusion reactor." I hope this is where the work of him and my other countrymen comes to fruition. This is so damn exciting. Thank you for this video

[@damstay]

Yawn.

[@mackit]

What a cool story!

[@ASDasdSDsadASD-nc7lf]

A new power source is really not that important.

[@docm6060]

@@ASDasdSDsadASD-nc7lf tf you mean not that important? ts could literally allow us to do anything. energy is the great limit of the universe. we ca genuinely think about colonizing other planets if we can build fusion plants there. it takes 250kg of DT to fuel the Tokamak for a whole year. that's NOTHING. the issue today is obtaining the tritium

[@edwinvillalobos7159]

@@ASDasdSDsadASD-nc7lfone that mimics the sun at scale? Yes it is, and you’re absolutely delusional if you think otherwise, even the fact that fusion has happened THREE TIMES WITH A NET GAIN IN ENERGY WAS A HUGE DEAL TO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY and that was small scale

[@eyestream5592]

The ingenuity of man is mindblowing 🤯

[@TheB1M]

It's incredible right. Shows the power of what we can achieve when we put our minds to it.

[@eyestream5592]

❤​@@TheB1M

[@castorchua]

Oppenheimer levels of inspiration!

[@tonyhussey3610]

I agree in this case.... but we have a terrible track record... sometimes I think we need a reset.. and go back to live with nature in forest... she has all the complete systems ..all in a beautiful symphony.. Man is no where close to that..

[@CloudCoderChap]

Even women too.

[@Gurgio]

You having a role in this, no matter how small, must be the most fullfiling thing a human can do... you are literally changing the course of human history.

[@99cya]

how is he having an impact in this?

[@lonesome3958]

​@@99cyamaybe promotional

[@damstay]

Lol. No.

[@VinceJones1sobrietymentor]

The issue is Tritium. It is extremely rare. Current estimates put the total world wide stockpile at 25kgs and ITER will consume, by some estimates, over half of that amount. Additionally it has a half life of a little over 12 years so here is the catch: In order to breed tritium you need a working fusion reactor, and there may not be enough tritium to jump-start the first generation of power plants after ITERs experimental life (scheduled to run into the 2050's). The world’s only commercial sources are the 19 Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) nuclear reactors, which each produce about 0.5 kilograms a year as a waste product, and half are due to retire this decade. The available tritium stockpile will peak before the end of the decade and begin a steady decline as it is sold off or decays, this according to projections in ITER’s own 2018 research plan.

[@andrewrance]

An amazing idea that somehow got missed in the video… Wonder if that’s the limiting factor or other sources of clean energy being a little less complex and potentially more affordable… or just the whole chain reaction thing that could turn the planet earth into another sun?

[@dbenoa753]

Then there is how you are going to extrac the heat to boil the water. Helion plans to skip that step. General Fusion will use molten lead for heat extraction.

[@IAmMaarten]

I believe ITER is designed to make the tritium in the fusion process itself

[@VinceJones1sobrietymentor]

@@IAmMaarten It is a "future hope" as stated in ITERS's 2018 research plan. The process is theoretical at this time and highly speculative as to the effectiveness long term since the viability of an extraction process from a "running" fusion reactor at 90 million degrees F is a huge unknown since the longest confirmed sustained fusion reaction to date is 6 minutes (the Chinese claim 17 minutes but it is unconfirmed).

[@billbyrd5150]

Is Canada building new CANDU reactors to replace the ones being retired?

[@faheezsyed]

Hope this experiment gets completed in my lifetime

[@rotors_taker_0h]

Who says we don't build cathedrals anymore?

[@matisssvehs5094]

Right, this is next level

[@Thefox0922]

A cathedral of science and progress

[@hedgehog3180]

Absolutely shattering the mind of a medieval stone mason by taking them to see a suspension bridge.

[@crknut]

@@Thefox0922 All Hail the Almighty Atom!

[@bruceclounie3716]

The Spanish. Lol

[@koolsteins]

May this be the greatest act of the indomitable human spirit of my lifetime.

[@curtisgrindahl446]

Or, perhaps, hubris... we'll see wont we.

[@HarrisonSanders-xb8wn]

@@curtisgrindahl446why would it be hubris?…

[@fly463]

​@@HarrisonSanders-xb8wncuz he thinks this project won't succeed

[@Rez441]

I appreciate the Portal 2-like music when entering the heart of the machine 😂 at 20:00

[@two2truths]

I think its actually from Mass Effect... cant believe i recognized it

[@RminusOR]

Yeah, definitely Aperture / BlackMesa vibes

[@nicholassimmons9706]

This is the kind of thing that every human should be cheering for and wanting to be a part of.

[@DanielWSonntag]

That earthquake protection structure in the basement is a work of art

[@nauthiz1001]

I've been following this thing for about a decade now, thank you for this amazing video. Can't wait to see it in action!

[@OfficialSamuelC]

Ah long form content, thank god! I am much more likely to watch when a video is 20+ mins long.

[@aPhiluppus]

"Now we are ready to put it in" ... "Early next year" ... so they were, in fact, not ready 😂

[@user-jm1ww1wt9u]

1985년 고르바초프 제안으로 1988년 설계 시작된 프로젝트가 D-T 반응 2039년 목표라니 이러다가 진짜 100년 프로젝트 되겠다 ㄷㄷㄷ

[@tsunningwah3471]

choen😊

[@davidanalyst671]

I can't believe the B1M did a video without explaining what a Tunnel Boring Machine, TBM does, and how its a massive machine that goes underground to dig tunnels

[@two2truths]

B1M has several videos on boring machines lol

[@pcatful]

@@two2truthsI think that was the point…He’s/She’s teasing.

[@ASDasdSDsadASD-nc7lf]

The whole video is a propaganda piece with zero content.

[@phylmath]

Just visited ITER this Monday! As a physicist working at CERN (which is 5-ish hours away), it's nice to see you cover the exciting technology happening over there. Here's hoping you can make a video about the LHC as well someday :) Keep it going!

[@Thomas_7976]

One of best B1M videos i´ve seen! Great work, keep it up!

[@arinangel_]

In a time when the world is swinging toward polarity, division and war, we need international projects like this, showing how we can overcome language and cultural divisions in common pursuits. We need the ISS of our generation and we need it to succeed.

[@chilibaldrr840]

There West is being ruled by the liberal governments and globalist elitists , how is it working out? It does not look good in my view., looks like a planned demolition.

[@That_droper]

Yeah 😊

[@damstay]

LOL! Delusional.

[@peeper2070]

irl equivalent of those over-the-top Minecraft builds

[@CCRoselle]

Fusion is always just around the corner in the next few years. Any day now. That said, I wish them well.

[@calebmhorvath]

you gotta admit though saying that now is a lot different than saying it even ten years ago, some real progress has been made

[@CCRoselle]

@@calebmhorvath Fusion progress appears much like Zeno's walk without the solution. It gets worse... Consider the approval process for a ground-up new tech? 'Aint no containment thick enough... Aint no pit deep enough, ain't no water flow high enough...' A ray of hope, today's WSJ article " Energy Transfer's Kelcy Warren, a hypercompetitive mogul, is behind a lawsuit that could deal environmentalists a grievous blow." Could speed it up? That said the Chinese will have fusion up and running and dominate the known universe, and beyond, long before US approval.

[@rakib9420]

Fission must've sounded same enough when it was discovered. Let's just hope for the best and let scientists do their thing.

[@theballintruth3369]

@@CCRosellegiven enough funding someone will break the code. Nothing is impossible

[@CCRoselle]

@@theballintruth3369 The new version of the old saw, an infinite number of monkeys on an endless number of typewriters...

[@cyrilio]

I've worked on some small international projects/teams. Every time I was part of such an initiative I always learned new things about other cultures and working methods. if you're ever able to work on international project or in an international team, DO IT! You won't regret it.

[@yeknommonkey]

“It can detect leaks the size of 1 millionth of a human hair” 😳

[@hedgehog3180]

That's on the scale of individual molecules.

[@dickard8275]

@@hedgehog3180Exactly. We use helium sniffers that count in mg/hr.

[@teafanatic8452]

I hate sponsorships normally, but the way this channel does them is near perfect

[@tbird81]

He fools a lot of people.

[@Rob-dunk]

I can’t believe there will be affordable power considering how much a fusion reactor will cost to build! Then when it becomes commercially viable to produce fusion power for the people companies will definitely find a way to over charge for this power provision

[@tiatialinakhjavani6000]

This shows that mankind is still growing and the future possibilities are inconceivable when we work together

[@TedThomasTT]

UK media at least does a poor job covering things like this. You are filling the gap 👍

[@jameshawe]

That is really part of human history. I wish everyone at ITER every success. Brilliant video

[@thelawngnomeslayer]

When they are finally ready to turn the reactor on they should get Ian McDiarmid to scream "UNLIMITED POWER!!!" when they hit the big red button!

[@matisssvehs5094]

Or Jeremy Clarkson with "POWEEER!"

[@sirdamianmental]

National ignition centre didn't include the power needed to generate the Lazer ( converting electric energy to light energy) which was much higher than the Lazer output. The experiment made a net power lose

[@OneDeuxTriSeiGo]

That's not really important because LLNL's NIF intentionally uses older, cheaper to maintain and calibrate laser infrastructure because they are a research facility and not a power generation facility. Its an intentional choice to use less efficient hardware because it makes their research easier without any negative impacts on said research.

[@sirdamianmental]

@@OneDeuxTriSeiGo what if it doesn't work? If it does who will pay for the billions of £ of free energy? Will we all stay at home making free toast watching free television

[@OneDeuxTriSeiGo]

@@sirdamianmental Do you mean NIF or ITER? NIF works just fine and this fusion research is honestly more of a side project for them. Their main job is running nuclear physics experiments with the purpose of improving the US's ability to effectively simulate nuclear weapons and predict the efficacy of the warheads in their stockpile without having to actually blow them up to verify they work. With ITER originally it was a question whether it would work or not. That's why the ramp up was so slow (10 years of testing from 2025-2035). Advances in materials and fusion research mean that ITER is actually significantly more powerful than it was originally intended to be. That's a large reason for the delays. As a result, we know the exact conditions ITER needs to succeed and it is comfortably capable of achieving them. So now the plan is to simply finish it and bring it up to full power as fast as possible because it should be guaranteed to work as long as the final few parts get built correctly and the assembly is done correctly.

[@StukovM1g]

This is so enjoyable to watch. With the world in such madness, it's so heartening to see humanity at its best.

[@Kung.Pao.Kitty.]

ITER completion: 2036 California High Speed Rail: You guys have a timeline?

[@imkerswanepoel9586]

Haha.

[@hedgehog3180]

Who could have thought that chronic underfunding could slow down major projects.

[@Aerobird23]

Ah man seeing my fellow Indian engineers participating global efforts feels good. L&T is incredible from Submarines to such projects! 🇮🇳

[@fly463]

Yeah they are in IT-Services, Defence equipment , construction, and now this 😵‍💫 This company is going to become a very very big MNC giant 0_0

[@ajayjangra8157]

Indian engineer.... In india = 🤡🐵🙊🙊🙈 In America = 🥇🎉😎💎

[@uppsaaru]

8:33 Glad India 🇮🇳 is part of the project

[@jaredyenchar2540]

I’m not

[@Tasty-cub-cakes]

​@@jaredyenchar2540same

[@BlueCollarMafia]

Every tradesman would be top tier level. From the scaffold builders, concrete, plumbing, and I can’t even begin to imagine the electrician’s work. Not for the project itself but for the infrastructure for it.

[@ASDasdSDsadASD-nc7lf]

No reason for them to be. They hire regular joes for all of this.

[@nands111]

I remember recommending that you create a video for ITER in your Hyper Kamiokande video a few months back. Thank you for actually doing it and making people aware of the experiment! Please cover DUNE, LIGO/VIRGO and IceCube next - all huge and complicated construction projects in the name of science!

[@mithrillis]

While lesser men fight petty conflicts, these guys are going for wonder victory for all of us.

[@munindramohanta2584]

I never thought radioactive wastage was the reason why the current nuclear fission reactor not being used so widely. Cost and complications were the real reason. It doesnot seem these reactors would do any good in terms of cost or engineering complications. this is not to take away from the fact that what we have achieved is huge... this is freaking brilliant. But it is only successful if it is affordable by the society in a large scale.... right now it does not seem so.

[@JonOsterman59]

This. People keep missing that fuel is not the main cost in fission reactors either and yet they don't produce that cheap. A fusion reactor seems ungodly expensive, the fuel could be free and still it would cost a lot to produce electricity. Still, mastering fusion is something I think humanity should work towards; just not using utopian promises.

[@stayfrost04]

It's one of the components. Sure, Fission reactors are expensive, especially if you compare it with plummeting renewable costs like Solar and so when they do eventually run into overspend territory during construction the negative frenzy that spurs up isn't merely about the billions of USD that it costs but concerns about meltdown safety and waste management are also lumped together. If you ignore those two aspects, the cost in itself, while obviously more expensive than Solar, is still justifiable for our Energy Mix, especially if you're looking to expand the Base Load power. It why China is building so many of them, and India (where I am from) is in process constructing more NPPs to increase our Nuclear Power Generation by 4 times; as the latter two aspects, anecdotally speaking, don't play a major role in this part of the world. Back in 2015 I was fortunate enough to visit Narora Atomic Power Station and we got to talk the local residents of Narora village (an isolated village which is why this location was picked for the station) and none of them shared any concern about potential meltdown or radioactive waste. Its one thing to just be over budget but completely different for the governments to not only answer to the project spending but also assure the public that the very same public spending won't poison their water and air.

[@hedgehog3180]

Cost can be reduced through economies of scale, however nuclear fission never really got to scale because of the political issues, especially around the waste. So far Finland is the only country in the world that has managed to build a long term deposition facility, and they're not willing to import waste. The fact that Fusion simply doesn't have this major hurdle makes it way easier to deploy at scale since there are literally no downsides. Like even renewable sources like wind has met opposition simply due to aesthetic preferences. Fusion doesn't even have this relatively minor problem since it's just a building so politically it is much easier.

[@NATIK001]

Problem of cost and complexity is an excuse and it always was, the real issue is and always have been public support for fission. Attempts to start new fission reactors are not stopped by economics in the vast majority of cases. Fission energy is incredibly cost efficient, but people are scared of accidents and radioactive waste. Modern developed nations have tons of huge complex costly components in them, most are never thought about or noticed by regular people and thus get funded, built and maintained in the background with no issues.

[@vasiapatov4544]

If you want to have genuinely futuristic utopic technology, it is going to require a gargantuan upfront investment. It might not pay for itself in our lifetime - but eventually it will probably not just pay for itself, it will pay for everything.

[@Perriax]

One of the most important projects of our time.

[@frmrchristian8488]

I love that this is a global effort. However, I think the largest gamble is that this device may be OBSOLETE by the time it's finally able to be fired up and started.

[@pauljefferies9087]

Your channel is so great. I truly feel it is wonderful. Humans using engineering to solve difficult human problems. Bravo, bravo!

[@devmil9468]

Fred isn't the only one with goosebumps 😬

[@phillipjoubert1119]

I can't believe it's just 30 years away....

[@scouserleigh]

Brilliant video. Great work B1M team 🙌🏼

[@TheB1M]

Thank you so much!!

[@ASDasdSDsadASD-nc7lf]

@@TheB1M Why is there zero content in the video? You know what I mean.

[@mysticery]

this is so mind blowing. how does it all begin? from the design, drawings etc. gosh.

[@dreadmoc12]

The coolest part of this whole thing is how many countries are working together and pitching in. It's nice to see humans behaving in a civilized manner. Doesn't happen often enough, really.

[@livelovelaugh2130]

This. This is what the best of humanity looks like.

[@omegaroyal]

It will just be 20 years. For sure.

[@CAZEGAMING]

one of my favorite channels and i'm this early lesgooooooooo

[@TheB1M]

"one of" ??! We must work harder 😅

[@CAZEGAMING]

@@TheB1M that’s not a diss hahaha i can’t pick a favorite🤣

[@iCortex1]

I can't believe I get to watch this for free on youtube ... this was an incredible video, 10/10. 🥰

[@jacobsims5848]

It has only happened once in history where a team has executed a build perfectly the first time: the moon landing...

[@MotoAtheist]

Ummm... I think you better take another look at how many failures there were to get anything near the moon let alone to land on it before any success that mattered.

[@nitrosake]

Imagine if the money spent on wars was spent on something like this. 26 billion is nothing compared to the worldwide spending on war...

[@hedgehog3180]

26 billion isn't even enough to build a single aircraft carrier. This costs roughly the same as 7 Arleigh Burke class destroyers, for the same cost as a fraction of the USN we are developing world changing technology.

[@oglordbrandon]

The problem is that you need to produce hundreds or thousands of these reactors, if they all take 30 billion and 30 years to build, no one will build them.

[@oglordbrandon]

​@@hedgehog3180Not true, you can build 2 Ford class carriers for that price, and that includes 2 nuclear reactors each. You could also produce 90 Príncipe de Asturias class carriers.

[@krashd]

@@oglordbrandon Why would they cost 30 billion or take 30 years? Do you seriously think machines cost as much as their prototype?

[@AtheistfanGuava]

​@@oglordbrandonbecause they already know how to build it.

[@baahcusegamer4530]

May they succeed!!! Humanity needs this!!!

[@icekick1173]

The ultimate Lego project

[@mountainmonkey15]

This project is an absolute neccessity for the future of humanity.

[@cbongiova]

Absolute waste of money. This will not work. This will not be meaningful when this tech actually gets solved.

[@OptimisticHominid]

@@cbongiova How do you know with such certainty that it will not work?

[@nappa1413]

@@OptimisticHominid he doesnt

[@nappa1413]

@@cbongiova they've said what you said right now about most technology that is used today

[@OptimisticHominid]

@@nappa1413 Yep, I believe it will work because I helped build one! In fact, this one…watch video: Help, my fusion reactor’s making a weird noise

[@hematiteolsen8762]

I absolutely love this channel. Thank you so much B1M team!

[@CBACProductions]

As an African id like to thank my continent for its contribution LMAO

[@christianhennessey1191]

Lots of marvelling....not enough engineering.

[@neerajnongmaithem392]

Give money for ze engineering

[@Jarod-vg9wq]

0:20 so technically Star Power 💫

[@LetsTalkAboutPrepping]

So technically fusion.

[@rabidL3M0NS]

Solar, wind, hydro, and fossil fuels derive their energy from the sun, so technically all power is star power lol

[@JustinWestbrook-be1mp]

Using star power to make steam power.

[@tippo5341]

Ok, so now watching ANY other B1M video is going to seem inadequate....honestly can't think of any other construction project that mankind could conjure up that would even come close to that...yes CERN was an immensely large project, but...BUT...the benefits that ITER could and hopefully one day will offer to the world as whole is nothing short of phenomenal, thank you Fred and the B1M team for bringing this project back into light, seems they've been busy since your last visit to the site, just mesmerising to try and even fathom the scale, complexity and attention to detail required...thanks again!!!! Cheers from Aus!!!! 🍻🍻🍻🍻

[@channingtaintum]

Hey B1M, I'm building a tool shed in the backyard, if you guys wanna come cover the sheer size and scale of it just let me know. It might even have a light in there, I haven't decided yet.

[@maerth27]

You can’t convince me that this isn’t the pinnacle of human achievement. This just proves how excellent we can be when we work together!

[@MRsilverngold]

They haven't achieved any thing yet,they are seeing major failures & there maybe no way this will ever actually work,delusional statement maerth27

[@jb76489]

Late, over budget and too late to do any good, it is a good representation of humanity

[@MRsilverngold]

get the best & brightest to focus on improving the safe proven solar energy power source would be far more beneficial to continue all life on the planet....

[@thomasmaughan4798]

"You can’t convince me that this isn’t the pinnacle of human achievement." I had no idea I was trying to do that.

[@LengyDZ]

They haven't achieved anything yet? 😂

[@spectre3954]

Helloooo!!, from the country who've manufactured the 4000 ton cryostat for this project....

[@StPete.308]

India!

[@fly463]

Larsen & Tourbo built it right ? I wonder which state’s manufacturing facility they used 🤔. Edit- From Hazira, Gujarat, Western India.

[@brianrobinson6752]

"this is where we will be creating nuclear fusion" "that is the plan" They all sound so unsure. With such massive scale, it's easy to have doubts.

[@ChrisYoung-vy9nj]

Truly impressive to see so many countries and people united as one to conquer nuclear fusion that's amazing !

[@ricklee6686]

Amazing story. Fusion is the holy grail of the 21st century. Something that will benefit everyone on Earth.

[@phdnk]

Will they talk about the cracks and size tolerances violations by sub-contractors ?

[@ligmasack9038]

that is the big problem with "Green Energy", they always omit the Flaws; and the fact that their Tech is based off of "Pie in the Sky" Best-Guess figures.

[@phdnk]

​@@ligmasack9038 your comment sounds pre-occupied with green energy and the hate of it. I see a different picture in this video: scientists ask for more money and time resources so that they can implement their clever dreams. They strife to impress us with the ITER's grand design while diverting attention from the grand overruns of its construction. This strongly resembles pitching for JWST and FCC projects.

[@illusivec]

To me, even hundreds of billion of euros spent to achieve fusion would be a bargain. Unlimited, free energy at scale would solve virtually all the world's problems. However, the timeline of ITER is just not good enough. If the official plans are hoping to run this thing by 2036, the earliest we can realistically hope for is probably 2050. We just don't have the time for this. I get ITER's value is not simply as a demonstrator for a power plant but more as a scientific project. However, every euro spent towards ITER is a euro that won't go to someone else who might be able to get fusion happen much sooner. There are quite a few scientist who are convinced the tokamak isn't even the right way to go about things. It'd be really stupid if someone else cracked fusion using an entirely different reactor architecture years before ITER got completed and we still had to pay for the construction of what essentially became and obsolete technology.

[@ChristiaanHW]

to be fair it would never be free energy. at the very least the company that operates the reactor(s) will want the building costs and operating costs back. and they probably want to make a nice profit to. so i think consumers won't see their energy bills go down much. but it will mean unlimited clean energy and that without having to deal with a (possible) hostile nation.

[@hedgehog3180]

The timeline is long because of the lack of funding, if you want it done faster then increase funding.

[@mountainjeff]

Stop your BS fear mongering. Did you stop paying your energy bills? What do you think is going to happen in the next 25 years that this, if it works, will be too late? The biggest danger to the planet right now is global thermonuclear war. If this thing works, don't think it won't be used for weapons, either.

[@VanDerPol]

The irony is, that making fusion an energy source in our grid might take so long that the grid is restructured for much cheaper renewables by then and we might not need fusion energy any more. In the end, the price tag decides.

[@krashd]

There are places where renewables would be useless so fusion is needed anyway. There's not much wind on Mars and once you get past Jupiter solar is weak sauce.

[@sidali2590]

We need this technology everywhere clean energy

[@zylaaeria2627]

Man, I envy you for being able to tour a facility like this. Congrats.

[@juliuszkocinski7478]

Quite sad to see it just after the literal decade delay was announced :

[@capitalinventor4823]

The sad thing with this and all of the fusion power projects I have seen is none have addressed getting the heat out of the system. Everyone is worried about getting a self-sustaining fusion reaction going, as long as more fuel is being added. An ongoing reaction is useless if heat can't be extracted from the chamber to do work. We have basically two ways to change energy from one form and turn it into electricity. The one different from the rest is solar photovoltaics. This involves taking certain photons of a specific energy to knock electrons free from their bond on a solar panel. All of the other forms to generate electricity that come to mind right now involve the use of coils of wire, magnets, and one of those spinning around or within the other (making a turbine). It doesn't't matter the source of power to spin the turbine (blades turned by wind, water spinning blades, pressure against air stored in an underwater bladder, generating heat to create steam in order to turn blades, etc). There are some smaller projects involving piezoelectric materials (using people walking on sidewalks to generate electricity), Stirling engines (heat difference engines), or the difference in salt levels in water where rivers meet oceans but they are not contributors to the global energy supply and probably won't be. I'm finding it difficult to see how fusion reactors are going to be much use as a source of electricity. Dealing with plasma at over 100M+ degrees Celsius may be managed within the reactor core but how does one remove some of the plasma to remove the heat in order to make use of such energy? While it may be terrifyingly hot any plasma removed from the reactor would also be so small that any energy it does have above room temperature would be lost very quickly. ITER is, at the roots, a very high tech, kettle meant to create steam in order to turn turbines to generate electricity. I personally think that it will fail at the generating electricity part because we are hooking up 100 to 150 year old technology to something 10 years in the future. I still think it should go ahead because society will learn many things during the design, construction, and operation of this facility. It just won't be how to make inexpensive electricity. It will most likely be something that we won't see ahead of time such as the Web or Wi-Fi which both came out of scientific projects that had nothing to do with either of those things. Society requires research into finding better ways into converting the energy released now into electricity. Imagine finding a way to get a five percent improvement out of every turn of a turbine. Even one percent would be a big thing if the inputs to create the improvement were not large. Or find a way to use the "waste" heat from power plants, something that European power plants do much better than those in North America, in general. Many people don't think about conservation but that is the best method. I'm not saying to go without but to use less resources to do the same things. If one were to replace the power supply in their computer with a more power efficient power supply that uses 25W less an hour then that is like adding 25W to the base load power supply (only a lot easier). Now if one million people took that step it would mean 25MW of baseline power would be saved. In other words it would be like a new 25MW project had come online with no backup generators are required, no extra power lines had to be installed or no lines upgraded, no down time, no rare resources used for wind turbines or solar panels, etc. Plus the people get a slightly cooler room as those 25W were just wasted heat before. While some may say it was saving on the heating, I reply that if it's cold then you turn on heater, not the computer. If you don't need the heat on then the computer is still going to be on, generating heat, while you may turn off the heater.

[@krashd]

Heat passes through the shell of the tokamak, something that was always going to be inevitable anyway since no insulator in existence could fully contain a plasma of such magnitude.

[@andrewgee3502]

Name of music starting at 0:34 please

[@tomcoman123]

Darude - Sandstorm

[@billr3053]

“Against All Odds” - by Tiko Tiko, 2022

[@andrewgee3502]

Thank you @billr

[@connorg7930]

This is an astonishing feat of everything construction, engineering and science, even the people working in the offices working admin... truely incredible

[@jrb9272]

A lot of eye candy, but doesn't explain why fusion is so difficult to achieve. Additionally there is a good reason why it has to be so big - not explained. Other (smaller) Tokomak reactors have been built for testing - no discussion on how they led to this. Finally, how much does the bloody thing cost? Last I heard in excess of $50B. Not cheap.

[@Yattayatta]

I'll do my best to help explain, it's a difficult topic so it can't really be covered in the scope of one video. The reason the reactor has to be so big is because the plasma volume scales with the cube of the reactor, while the surface area where energy losses occur scales with the square of the reactor size. This means that larger reactors have a better volume-to-surface ratio, reducing relative energy losses compared to the energy generated by fusion. In smaller reactors, energy losses tend to dominate over energy production, making it harder to achieve net energy gain. ITER has a problem that forces it to be larger than needed currently too, when it was designed, the superconducting magnets were state of the art, and they need to be cooled to -269C using liquid hydrogen, this is extremely difficult to do and requires very complex plumbing and systems. We have a new type of magnet now called a REBCO magnet, it superconducts at 77K, which just happens to be the boiling point of liquid nitrogen which in comparison is very easy to handle. This means that a reactor designed now could use REBCO magnets instead of the old type used in ITER, and could be cooled with liquid nitrogen, making the system both smaller, and more efficient. We can't go rebuilding the entire reactor every time there is an advancement though, at this point we are locked into the old magnets, but in the future we will use more efficient ones. ITER currently will end up costing 27Billion, but expect more overruns. That is not what a finalized reactor would cost though, part of the reason why the world is collaborating is to make a "standard" fusion reactor for the future, if you can mass produce most of it, you'll get the cost down by very large amounts, remember, having 1 single bespoke thing crafted is extremely expensive, having 2000 of them produced one after another is a lot cheaper per unit.

[@electricspeedkiller8950]

It's 20 billion euroes. It's really not expensive in the grand scheme of things.

[@damianrhea8875]

This looks like a wet dream to physical scientists !

[@dansands8140]

Physical scientist here, this is a nightmare. Tens of billions of dollars to build something everyone knows won't work.

[@hedgehog3180]

Do you mean physicist?

[@dansands8140]

@@hedgehog3180 A physicist explores the theoretical, the physical sciences deal with the physical world, i.e engineering, materials science or geology.

[@u1zha]

@@dansands8140 How come everyone interviewed are positive that it would work? You may be addicted to some "alternative" info channels that do you no good. Try building something physical.

[@TOPSKM]

I want to work with you ❤

[@TheB1M]

Ah but can you write a good pun, that's what we look for here

[@harrydent8182]

@@TheB1M I asked the architect how he stays inspired while designing skyscrapers. He said it’s all about having lofty goals.

[@TheB1M]

@@harrydent8182 You're hired

[@harrydent8182]

@@TheB1M Thanks Chat GPT 😂

[@TOPSKM]

@@TheB1M yes

[@ushiocheng]

Saw the title and guessed right in an instant. This is quite literately "joining the hands the most powerful nations on earth to light the sun for the generations to come". If it worked it would be a leap for humanity in all aspects. The only things compariable to this achievement are internet and superconductors. We got the first that enables us to communicate, storage, and share information and knowledge at a global scale. We have no idea how to achieve superconductors but we know multiple clear path to nuclear fusion.

[@alexbarnett8541]

I think it will take them about 500 more years to figure it out.

[@MooseMeus]

building a giant billion dollar fusion reactor without knowing if the science will even work.

[@pneumonoultramicroscopicsi4065]

It does work, it has already been tested, but i guess they're hoping that the scale of the machine will make the fusion reaction self sustaining

[@ommanomnom]

It must work. Its fusion or die as a species. Its the last gamble we must make.

[@leehappy3259]

Here's a few crayons & some paste to snack on. Now go sit quietly while the brains among us work on saving humanity.

[@nappa1413]

yea lets not ever try anything as a species because 1) it costs le money and 2) it might not work. Brilliant take