Chromium - The HARDEST METAL ON EARTH!

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Do not repeat the experiments shown in this video!
So, today I want to tell you about the hardest metal on Earth - chromium. As usual, let's first see where chromium is in the periodic table of chemical elements. Oh, there it is, hiding behind the vanadium in the 6th group.
And yes, I did not deceive you, it is true that chromium has the highest hardness of all metals, based on the Mohs scale that shows the resistance of a mineral to scratching.
Externally, pure chromium is a lustrous white metal that does not tarnish in air. To demonstrate the main feature of chromium, namely its topmost hardness, I will scratch an ordinary silicate glass with it.
As you can see on this chart, the hardness of the glass is much smaller. As usual, you cannot fool physics, chromium easily scratched the surface of the glass, leaving a clearly discernible markings. Although, I think that the hardness of chromium is very much dependent on its purity.
Metallic chromium is obtained from the chromium ore mineral by reducing it using carbon to produce ferrochromium, an alloy of chromium and iron, which is used in production of stainless steel.
We will now turn to the chemical properties of chromium which this metal is highly enriched with. The fact is, even the name of the metal, chromium, comes from the Greek "khroma" meaning color.
This name came to pass due the fact that chromium compounds can have almost all the colors of a rainbow. In a laboratory the most common chromium compound is potassium dichromate.
It is used often in analytical chemistry, or to clean chemical dishes from the very stubborn dirt. Also, this substance is used as an intermediate compound in the production of chromium metal from ore.
In this compound chromium has an oxidation state of plus six.
By the way, if you mix the potassium dichromate with any reducing agent, for example aluminium powder, and then ignite it, you will see a very violent reaction that will produce particles of chromium metal.
Potassium dichromate is very soluble in water. If you add a little bit of alkali, i.e. sodium hydroxide, to the orange solution of potassium dichromate, in an alkaline environment the dichromate will turn into chromate, and become yellow.
In the oxidation state of plus six, chromium may have a yellow and an orange color, depending on the acidity of the environment. However, that's not all.
If you add acid to the solution of potassium dichromate and also any reducing agent, for example potassium metabisulfite, there will be a reaction in which sulfur from metabisulfite will donate electrons to chromium, and will be restored to its trivalent state, therefore changing its color to green.
Compounds of trivalent chromium have a green color, this is possible to prove with another reaction. In order to do it, let’s take another orange chromium compound - ammonium dichromate, in which chromium also has an oxidation state of plus six.
Now I’m igniting this orange powder and what do we see? Ammonium dichromate started decomposing by itself, forming a dark-green substance - chromium oxide.

[@ponkiebonk]

i love how smart these people are in chemistry and i always learn from them, thanks

[@CrazyKsie]

I'm an Australian and I bloody love your accent Buddy it's amazing! Easy to understand for me and so fascinatingly different. Iv been trying to learn how to say words like you pronounce them 👌 keep up the amazing shows mate!

[@bikerfirefarter7280]

Only if you want to sound totally retarded.

[@TimKollat]

I think the kidney stone I passed last year was the hardest material on earth

[@Boni8888]

haha - niceone!

[@Boni8888]

painful?

[@Icepacalapse]

I was almost killed by an 11mm stone that stuck and clogged tube between kidney and bladder. Sure, the stone is painful but the kidney pain from not being able to pass liquid to the bladder is unbelievable.

[@lyrimetacurl0]

I heard that this pain is worse than childbirth.

[@ign_slkrsarah]

I had kidney stone of 3.4mm and I'm 14 years old.

[@deelee6786]

chemistry sounds soo badass when its explained with a russian accent ;P

[@rabokarabekian409]

all things sound badass in russian accent - becuase russia is badass, especially with no capital-ist letters.

[@deelee6786]

@@rabokarabekian409 boooooo commies ;p;p;p

[@Avocado-yw4xb]

@@rabokarabekian409 slav

[@rafaeldeleon225]

Dude ye.

[@alissa6]

He's an Iron Man villain.

[@colt10mmsecurity68]

Hex Chrome 6 (Cr+6) is used in metal finishing of zinc and cadmium electroplating. However it’s part of the RoHS world directive of the 6 chemicals they’re trying to ban for everything man made. Chromium +6 works great to prevent bare steel from rusting but it’s being faded out world wide becasue it causes cancer if injested. They used to coat steel pipes with zinc and then Hex Chrome +6 as the top coat. It leaves a yellow iridescent sheen on the surface of plated steel. In the movie, “Erin Brokovich” staring Julia Roberts, it tells the true story of an entire town in Southern California that suffered greatly with birth defects and cancer becasue hex chrome 6 was used to coat the water pipes of houses. So now in the industry we use Trivalent chromium (Cr +3) on zinc electroplating and it’s not as good a protector as Hex Chrome, but it is safer to handle. ...oh well, so be it.

[@saifschannel2599]

That ammonium dychromite reaction was the most satisfying thing I've ever seen... thank you

[@karlbergen6826]

Chromium in the +3 state forms may colored depending on what it is coordinated to Chrome Alum , KCr(SO4)•12H2O consists of purple cristalls where the chromium is coordinated to six water molecules. If a reductive reaction on K2CrO7 to chromium +3 occurs in water the result is a deep green color as different things are coordinated to the chromium. Many colors are possible with Cr +3 depending on how it is coordinated.

[@jangisgand6140]

I was going to make a sodium hydride joke, but NaH

[@MicroOneo]

That was the first time i've read a chemistry joke that was formulaically correct

[@thatplane3865]

Boba Fett um I think you mean sodium hydride, sodium nitride is NaN Edit: (Na3N) My bad

[@jamesg1367]

@Chemistreeu SCIENCE!!!!!!!!!!!: NaH. It's Na3N...

[@jangisgand6140]

Ben Herebefore Fuck, that's a huge mistake!! Should've known that

[@Polu_Op08]

Boba Fett ok joke

[@neyvindeleon1080]

Your videos are getting even more interesting! High quality content. Thanks for sharing.

[@randhals]

Thanks a lot, your videos makes chemistry easier to understand, greetings from Dominican Republic.

[@GolpePicado]

College dropout here! Thanks for making chemistry accessible to us dumbasses through your excellent descriptions!!! Were you my college professor(s), I'd likely have matriculated into an engineering profession; instead I spent 22 years in the Army...

[@matthewmadayag2426]

What?

[@JTS-Games]

The hardest metal on earth, and to remove from your computer.

[@sprinklerashes2]

JTS- Games this is why it’s called “chromium” 🧐

[@Tuberex]

I dont have chromium fortunately

[@yankewithbrim2923]

yea chrome is very very hard to remove from your pc😂😂😂

[@radu6772]

@@yankewithbrim2923 chrome isn't the same as chromium

[@yankewithbrim2923]

@@radu6772 oh ok thx for informating

[@fighiblue5673]

I prefere Firefox

[@fighiblue5673]

Hari Acharya ;-)

[@1103-o5t]

Google chromium

[@PADW4VOTK]

Fighi Blue haahajajahaaa!!!!! You are my hero!

[@cosmiccollision6374]

Firefoxium

[@solunasunrise]

xD ... haha

[@ValidStranger]

It’s shit like this that I wish I was born smarter to become a chemist

[@TheRolemodel1337]

Hromium

[@hexomethyl5182]

Many of the chromium compounds used in this video are carcinogens including ammonium dichromate, potassium dichromate

[@googleeatsdicks]

just as your profile picture

[@elephystry]

Chromium is carcinogenic.

[@googleeatsdicks]

conduit122 Elemental chromium and most chromium(III) compounds are not. If it was we wouldn't use stainless steel cookware and cutlery.

[@elephystry]

Oh okay.

[@elephystry]

Thanks.

[@Hinovis-art]

These chemical reactions are like.... magic or somethin

[@baneblackguard584]

alchemy

[@mouthfulofchlorine]

Yeah, that's why I'm into chemistry, the reactions are very interesting.

[@JohnDoe-gm5qr]

High grade audio cassette tapes had chromium in them. I don't know if they are still made today but BASF made some cassette tapes like those. You need a high quality tape deck to fully appreciate the quality of them. I am 40 years old and still remember tapes getting tangled in audio tape players. It was almost always an unsalvageable mess because the tape is thin and very delicate. It would be nearly impossible to untangle them.

[@shariyarshajid]

What an insane accent.Thank you man for this type of visual description.Chemistry is fun now.

[@anonymousperson8487]

Zee only zing stronger zan zis zubstance would be titanium.

[@lecinquiemeroimage]

Hey kids, try to say this correctly, in russian !

[@frankium264]

I love the chromium, manganese and vanadium for their many stable oxidation states. Change their colors, turn them into powerful oxidants for spectacular pyrotechnic reactions or use them to isolate the halogens from their acids!

[@evilferris]

Beautiful! I love this channel!

[@alangrant5278]

When this channel says it contains some cool stuff … it’s so right.

[@cosmiccollision6374]

2 Explorium + 6 Firefoxium = Cr+As+H

[@ThunderWorkStudioAMGE]

Arsenic + Sulfur = AsS

[@NoName-bg2om]

If this guy was my chemistry teacher in high school. Who knows maybe I would have made chemistry a career path.

[@Sid-ix5qr]

I liked the last experiment!!

[@blainelanders2361]

I like your channel. It gets right into the science!

[@notaweeb4177]

Plz do on any radioactive material.. (I wish polonium would be there)

[@galliumgames3962]

He did, Bismuth is radioactive with a half life of 1.9x10^19 years.

[@notaweeb4177]

Gallium Games ok. 👍👍👍👍

[@Anonymous-nu2ow]

Bismuth is barely radioactive. Most people consider Bismuth a stable element because it is so mildly radioactive.

[@Hungtran79237]

Even astatine,radium,californium and lead

[@subarunatsuki4145]

Well if he uses polonium he can be killed.

[@momsrecipe604]

Chromium- I am the hardest Metal Tungsten- Then who am I 😂😂

[@TimKollat]

I use Chromium oxide on leather strops to sharpen my knives and straight razors

[@shadyganley8877]

I use straps

[@ridelo]

Nice demo. I saw a few tips I could have used when I was a chemistry teacher. And your accent? You should hear my Russian. :)

[@m.s.l.7746]

That ammonium dichromate would make a very realistic model volcano 🌋...possibly set off buy a model rocket ignition source. Great project idea...

[@TwinShards]

3:26 I have made a Volcano

[@galadriel4101]

You're videos are so interesting and educational.

[@DoctorNemmo]

Now I understand why is it called Chromium ! It moves all over the chromatic spectre. Beautiful colors.

[@AllChemystery]

do cobalt or molybdenum next please!

[@meaculpamishegas]

Titanium is on the second list you presented at 6, iron: 4-5, platinum: 4-4.5, and aluminum: 2.5-3. How did you mess that up? Maybe it’s inaccurate as I see knife blade comes in at 5.5; funny I thought that is too vague a description to determine the hardness with any accuracy

[@kawsarhussain5448]

What was the Russian thing you said in the video

[@cosmiccollision6374]

It said Putin is Great in Russian. All Russian videos must have that message by law.

[@kawsarhussain5448]

Lol stop lying

[@quantrinh9824]

he said USSR is going to reunion

[@kariettpinto9609]

Do you think it can be alloyed with silver to decrease oxidation or tarnish effect in jewelry pieces?

[@VA7SL]

I love zeese videos zat he makes

[@MyIdeaEverything]

very nice work

[@Radiodragonofdoom]

I wake up one morning and think "I suddenly want to know more about chromium because I use it every day." Thank you, internet stranger for satisfying my curiosity.

[@calyodelphi124]

Watching the chromium scratch that microscope slide made me cringe hardcore as I imagined the ultra high pitched screechy scraping noise and gaaaaahh.... >.

[@deviantsid18]

*head explodes*

[@erikjohnson9223]

The dichromate to chromate reaction is the basis for soil tests for organic (as opposed to carbonate) carbon, which acts as a reducing agent in strongly acidic environments.

[@r1ch1o24]

*Borats Voice* "ITS NICE!"

[@Baigle1]

I occasionally ingest a fullerite suspension in the search for longevity treatments. You have to mix it in with extra virgin olive oil (I also add Vitamin E) for over a week. They nick-name it "C60oo". In rat trials, they lived almost twice as long on average.

[@DarthChrisB]

Can you bend pure chromium or will it crack?

[@googleeatsdicks]

It shatters like glass when you hit it with a hammer. Bending will break it.

[@DANGJOS]

Hardness comes with a price. Chromium is the hardest metal, but probably the least malleable as well

[@GoldenHay1]

that's why it's only used as a coat, or alloy

[@solunasunrise]

ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh ! makin sense

[@Kazya1988]

Go back to School to learn basic...

[@neguro17271]

I love the hl2 sounds at the start of your videos

[@horseradish4046]

Hardest metal: 10 seconds about it's metallic state. Whole video about its uses in chemistry

[@einundsiebenziger5488]

... its* metallic state (it's = it is) ...

[@MrZelao1000]

Trabalho excelente. Parabéns a todos

[@Dowlphin]

I just love ammonium dichromate because it's an orange powder/granulate. Not something one sees every day. Its funny reaction when ignited is another bonus. Almost looks a bit like tea.

[@shubhshukla345]

The most Worth channel I subscribed 🙂👌✌️

[@LeesChannel]

I would have liked if you showed the practical usage of the various compounds. Many historical pigments were created from chromium, and chrome oxide is still used to this day and is the most lightfast of all pigments. It's commonly used by the military for camouflage.

[@nguyenhai7920]

Lee's Channel mình có 1viên mua ko mình bán

[@asipaakunaali5417]

6:55 rhcp Californication album cover?

[@consciousness7899]

exactly....

[@nihorothereal]

Was the green paste of Chromium the so called "pastagoi", used for polishing everything metal in Soviet Navy?

[@rishabhbhatia7261]

Chemistry with Red Skull😂

[@meaculpamishegas]

Red Skull is German, the accents sound very different to people who aren’t deaf or vapid

[@jqlmanufacturing9129]

The Hardest Metals in the World Tungsten (1960-2450 MPa) Tungsten is one of the hardest metals you will find in nature. ... Iridium (1670 MPa) Like Tungsten, Iridium is a chemical element that shows signs of high density and a tolerance of high temperatures. ... Steel. ... Osmium (3920-4000 MPa) ... Chromium (687-6500 MPa) ...

[@dahlia5801]

Any proof?

[@TheRjjrjjr]

Excellent and enjoyable video, thanks!

[@michaelmellon45]

I love your videos. Your accent sounds Russian.

[@unoriginalhazard]

Michael Mellon that's because it is 😒

[@danielcarson5037]

I am glad to tell you that miracles really do exist. I love your video brother ❤

[@04shakhawathossain75]

The video is just amazing.lots to learn. If the accent were a little bit clearer,i would give 100 out of 100

[@davedave6650]

Phallium (Ph). Harder (and stiffer) than just about anything.

[@BuickDoc]

The one-eyed monster with no memory and no conscience.

[@francomckellar]

Your command of English is superb, even more so than your command of chemistry!

[@blubb7711]

1:49 Potassiumdichromate in a classic slovakian mustard glas. Work safety over 9000 :D

[@Itachi-1503]

Tungsten be like: are u comedy me😂

[@CloudNey]

I'm a huge fan of your videos. Thank you very much and please keep uploading quality and interesting material like this. Muito obrigado/thank you/gracias/domo arigato/kop kun krap/merci/spasibo!!

[@omtesla]

What alloy can be scratched to 0.1mm thin, 6mm long and it will not broke when used to scratch surfaces?

[@thomasneal9291]

I took 3 years of chem at uni, and somehow never knew that Ch had so many different oxidation states. interesting.

[@JoaoLUCAS-vl4yr]

Que bom que agora tem tradução para o Português

[@ddavidmac6009]

Chromium dioxides make excellent tindering in both fulinates and Solid state pyros and propellents

[@marc_us2k1]

So this is stronger than any metal? What about titanium and tungsten?

[@thatplane3865]

KTZ_01 * not strength, hardness

[@netsch20]

No it's just harder, so it could scratch titanium or tungsten. Like glass is very hard, but not very strong, so you can scratch things with glass, but it breaks easily. Titanium won't scratch chromium, but it won't break as easily under load.

[@marc_us2k1]

Natan Getschel cool, he should make an imformative video about plutonium even though it is not natural but very strong.

[@silverarrow3843]

You saw that there was a scale. Pause there and see.

[@Mp57navy]

Stainless steel is a mix of materials. Iron, Carbon, Chrome, Nickel, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorous, Sulfur, SIlicone and Nitrogen, for 316L. And honestly, there are stronger steels than that.

[@sachinsadangi5441]

nice brother..... keep such type of videos upload

[@Wd-70]

힘들다길래 와 봤습니다

[@medexamtoolscom]

But what I want to know is, is chromium chromate possible? Or would that just be indistinguishable from regular chromium oxide? But I mean potentially other oxidation states for the chromium ion, like +2 or 3, while of course the chromium within the chromate polyatomic ion is +6, so you could call it a mixed oxidation state oxide of chromium.

[@alexbowman7582]

Borat can you go back to making funny movies?

[@7150285]

Demolition Ranch, Hydraulic Press Channel, and HowRidiculous made bit with the Tungsten Cube. I think it's time for them to do a Chronium Cube it do compare to Titanium Cube.

[@RakibulApurbo]

I want you to show a metal in gas state

[@the-kc7ij]

Rakibul Apurbo hypernova is actually first

[@RakibulApurbo]

Spaghetti 441 0 now I can see the other comment s

[@RakibulApurbo]

Spaghetti 441 0 thanks for pointing it out

[@kleetus92]

Mercury vapor isn't hard to come by...

[@akkatfiresafety8567]

Thanks for your explanation.

[@Deniz-xv9cb]

Looking forward for the english version!

[@vapenation7061]

3:40 tell that to the christians lmao..

[@Juscody]

I thought the big bang had that covered. Atheists and their magical god. SMH

[@studamanduncan9728]

England is my city. Nah just go straight to Jesus.

[@robomanrobo6777]

Thanks great video! :)

[@antoniogonzalez3810]

Thank you for sharing your knowledge. God bless you

[@sakshamkumar9515]

from where did you got the chemicals

[@lecinquiemeroimage]

Thanks a lot, teacher (and /or chemistry researcher ?). Greetings from Paris. professeur essef, in mathematics (active on KZbin and Wikipedia, in astronomy & astrophysics). P.S : Perhaps we will meet one day, and discuss my ideas on what I believe to be an ancient chemical compound, cheap and common on Earth, that no [modern] chemist has thought of, to propel, thanks to a chemical reaction, a car or any other terrestrial vehicle (marine or air too), and also on the real secret of the old "eternal lamps", which had helped some very ancient civilizations, to light up without candles or batteries (from Baghdad, for example ...).

[@aussieausbourne1]

It's funny how chrome is named for its colorful salts but bismuth is the most colorful pure element being how it rainbows when it crystallizes.

[@tmfan3888]

if Cr is hardest metal, that means it could make a scratch mark on Os, Ir, U right? (i know these 3 r also pretty hard)

[@JoesBrandonomics]

You are awesome man. Favorite channel.

[@StefanReich]

"You cannot fool physics?" Ha! Wait until I get a stab at it

[@masacatior]

It's the physics that fool you

[@patrickrose1221]

Why haven't I heard of pure chromium blades or drill bits etc ? Would it be uneconomical ? Loved the lesson , keep em coming. : )

[@rogerscottcathey]

trivalent chromium, as say a nicotinate, is essential for absorption of amino acids by insulin. Also, trypsin is only four percent as effective in digesting proteins absent Cr3+

[@von_gabi]

thank you for these brilliant videos!

[@williammielenz3752]

The industrial use of chromate compounds for image rendering is well know for it sensitivity to light.

[@donaldspeck9212]

What acid should be used to dissolve chromium for use in electroplating ?

[@meteorite1975]

Very nice Video 👍💐💐

[@מ.מ-ה9ד]

7:36 It is not a country, but that's the flag of the Chagossians.

[@itsmemanbou4263]

Chromium is very abundant in the Chin State of Myanmar. About 50% of this little state ( it's area is 30000 sq kms) is Chromium.

[@mr.inferno6998]

The ignited orange powder looks like a volcano after a time!☺

[@smsldash]

which is the hardest metal ? tungsten, chromium or titanium ???

[@laserfloyd]

Too bad one can't make a type of lamp (i.e. lava lamp) based on that reaction at 7:15. That's wicked cool looking.

[@omkr0122]

Chromium was earlier as soft as Cadmium, coming at 2.0 at the 'Moh's scale' of hardness. Then he saw 'Jennifer's body' and the first two live action 'Transformers' movies directed by Michael Bay. As he stared longingly at the lead actress, he saw his hardness rising from 2.0 to 8.5 on the Moh's scale, but in case it was permanent and now with a Young's modulus of 279 GPa he laughs at anything nature throws at him.