Thomas Hobbes and John Locke: Two Philosophers Compared

www.tomrichey.net/euro
Timestamps:
02:11 - Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
09:33 - John Locke (Two Treatises of Government)
13:00 - Compare/Contrast with Graphic Organizer
Mr. Richey discusses the works of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, two of the most influential philosophers of government in the seventeenth century. Hobbes and Locke were both influential in the development of social contract theory. In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes advances the idea of a permanent social contract in which people give up sovereignty to a governing authority in order to avoid the state of nature, which is a state of war with "every man against every man." After the Glorious Revolution, John Locke responded with his Two Treatises of Government, in which he argued that people enter into a social contract and form a government in order to preserve their natural rights (life, liberty, and property). In Locke's social contract, the people retain sovereignty and reserve the right to alter or abolish the social contract if the government fails to protect their natural rights. I spend the first part of the lecture providing a summary of Hobbes' Leviathan, followed by a summary of Locke, then I use a graphic organizer to compare and contrast Hobbes' and Locke's social contract philosophies, noting key similarities and differences between the two theorists.
Mastodon's Leviathan album is brought in from time to time just because it's awesome.
This lecture is designed specifically for AP European History students studying Absolutism and Constitutionalism in preparation for their exam, but can also serve students in other disciplines, such as US History and Government, as well.
I use a picture in this video (Green Nature) that should be attributed to Rudolf Getel. I neglected to do so in the video, so I am doing so here.

[@_lydia.diana_]

That moment, when you are from germany and understood an english video better than you understood your history teacher

[@tomrichey]

LOLZ WOW THAT IS AN HONOR TO HEAR! I'm really awed to have such a growing audience in Europe!

[@_lydia.diana_]

Tom Richey Your Videos are just perfect! You tell every important facts and you are very funny:'D

[@CarlaPereira519]

zuckerwattenzauber Same here, and I'm from Portugal x'D

[@alexgrulkowski6958]

+zuckerwattenzauber You just gave me all the info I needed in 16 minutes that I couldn't get in 45

[@nitishsaxena1372]

zuckerwattenzauber I'm from India and yes, your way of teaching is really lucid and humourous. Thank you! and yes, English is not my first language too.

[@robertorodrigueznunez5842]

Philosophy was not meant to be hard and not able to be understood. Your videos are doing an excellent job bringing an interest to this important subject. Thank you.

[@tomrichey]

Roberto Rodriguez-Nunez Thanks a bunch for the kind words! I have absolutely no formal training in philosophy - I'm a historian with a general interest in the subject and believe strongly in its value to the human mind. I'm hopeful that people with a casual interest may watch some of my videos and be drawn to more advanced studies as a result.

[@robertorodrigueznunez5842]

Greetings Tom, how are you doing with philosophy...?

[@tomrichey]

Roberto Rodriguez-Nunez Doing okay... Focusing now on Reformation Theology, which I guess is a branch of philosophy. Hoping to turn out more philosophy videos once I hit my rhythm with these history videos I'm trying to produce each week.

[@robertorodrigueznunez5842]

I'll be looking forward to your new lessons. Any in particular your working on?

[@harrymills2770]

I always feel like a poor 2nd-rater, because my classical education is so weak. I sort of skim the highlights. Richey's enabling my willful ignorance with Cliff Notes versions of these matters. But then, not many people know what a topological vector space is, which I know a little something about.

[@ShahinErian]

How dare you as a philosopher drink tea rather than whiskey.

[@mercedeswalt6621]

Whiskey you say? I've been doing it wrong my entire life!

[@SparkyonPC]

+Erian "Two great narcotics of corruption, alcohol and christianity." -Friedrich Nietzsche

[@007JHS]

From Monty Python's "Live at the Hollywood Bowl" Transcribed by John Daley [e-mail] Immanuel Kant was a real pissant who was very rarely stable, Heidegger, Heidegger was a boozy beggar who could think you under the table, David Hume could out-consume Schopenhauer and Hegel, And Wittgenstein was a beery swine who was just as schloshed as Schlegel. There's nothing Nietzsche couldn't teach ya 'bout the turning of the wrist, Socrates himself was permanently pissed... John Stuart Mill, of his own free will, with half a pint of shandy was particularly ill, Plato, they say, could stick it away, half a crate of whiskey every day, Aristotle, Aristotle was a beggar for the bottle, Hobbes was fond of his dram, And Rene Descartes was a drunken fart, "I drink therefore I am." Yes, Socrates himself is particularly missed; A lovely little thinker but a bugger when he's pissed. Read more: Monty Python - Immanuel Kant Lyrics | MetroLyrics

[@titothesecond2001]

SparkyonPC “Some people are naturally superior than others” -Friedrich Nietzsche

[@propagandacritic5511]

I'm going to have to disagree with all of you. Best for philosophy is sleep deprivation, coffee or amphetamines, and cannabis.

[@petersiano3437]

I’m glad you could do in 17 minutes what a veteran professor could not in 2 months

[@tomrichey]

OOF!

[@timeno1763]

Most of them are 'educated'(/indoctrinated) far beyond their capacities for intelligence.

[@zoo804]

You're a low-key OG history teacher. Thanks for making exam season less terrifying.

[@tomrichey]

You make me sound so gangster - such kind words! :D

[@ronfirstclassfinish1785]

Hi-Key

[@pope400]

"Rest in peace, my pony" is the most metal thing I've heard all day.

[@bcvetkov8534]

It's been ten years since the original upload and I have to say that this is the best video I've seen on the topic thus far. Thank you again for making this. I want to highlight to people that sometimes you don't need really badly animated videos to talk about philosophy. You can just be a human being and bring information to people in an effective and timely matter. Your notes/lecture are helping me get through my Ethics and intro to philosophy class in Community College. Thanks again. - Bob. : )

[@natewashup2151]

I just want to thank you so much for brilliantly summing up Hobbes and Locke in under 20 minutes whereas I have stumbled through it for two weeks to no avail. Awesome job to say the least

[@tomrichey]

Nate Washup Glad I could help! As far as turning the lectures into podcasts, I'd have to figure out some stuff about how to do that with Apple... but I may make some of these lectures available in audio format on my website.

[@natewashup2151]

Awesome!

[@brittanyrandall8843]

Matt Damon, yes?

[@tomrichey]

HAHA! Yeah, I get that now and then!

[@pb6959]

Good Ben Afflect: the prequel to Good will Hunting - set in the 17th century where he was Hobbes' lamb. Hobbes really got his ideas from a lamb name BA - Ba ba ba ba ba

[@paulhogan7899]

Heck yeah.

[@muta1049]

I am from Africa and i appreciate your work... u got fans from across the continent... Thnx Richie!!

[@norahkalunda1234]

From Kenya

[@alexgratzaTV]

great video from germany!

[@appleslover]

As if Africa was one country

[@luke-be8yw]

Another fan here from england

[@jamesconnolly5164]

A question of utmost importance to philosophy: Why do you leave the tea bag in and allow your tea to become bitter? What is the meaning of bitterness, and why do you like a taste that exists as a mechanism to prevent you from ingesting poison?

[@tomrichey]

I'm drinking herbal tea in this video so bitterness is not a factor. Glad to run into a fellow tea enthusiast!

[@lilliansunshine7499]

+James Connolly Tea ought to be bitter! The bitterness is essential to tea flavor! I don't know why tea bitterness is so good, it just is. Blame the tastebuds.

[@jamesconnolly5164]

lillian sunhine Tea is not supposed to be bitter.

[@lilliansunshine7499]

Tea should be as bitter as wormwod and as sharp as a two eged sword Kit Snicket (a series of unfortunate events) Lemony Snicket

[@Adam-ui3yn]

+James Connolly Bitterness is to discourage eating unsafe food. However we also have the ability for acquired tastes if what we're eating isn't harmful, the more you drink black coffee the more you'll like it. That's another advantage instilled in us, to take more enjoyment in a food if it turns out not to be harmful.

[@kritikumar7876]

Entertaining and enlightening.. You killed it. Thankyou :D

[@tomrichey]

Thanks!

[@akhilendrasingh4194]

will u please mention best link for this .........

[@nieck98]

Philosophy and mastodon in the same video

[@tomrichey]

HA! Glad you approve! This is my most popular video and I can't make a dime off of it because I sampled Mastodon's music, but I wouldn't do it any differently if I had to do it over again. I love me some Mastodon - thinking about going to their listening party in Atlanta for the new album on Monday!

[@nieck98]

Do it man. It should be well worth it

[@timeno1763]

😁😆😂🤣🤣🤣

[@adoraajane8512]

''Those of you that have trouble with the English language and would like to see it translated into Latin..'' haha, this seriously made my day! I have an essay due on the differences and similarities between Locke and Hobbes in 5 hours, and used this video as extra, last minute research. After reading countless books and articles for weeks on end, this basically summarised everything I needed to know. Thanks for sharing!

[@tomrichey]

Adoraa Jane Glad I could help you so efficiently! And you never know if there are still a few Latin speakers out there. lol

[@silverwinteroak]

Tom Richey, I took Latin in high school and university. We still exist. Scientia potentia est!

[@lydiajohnson2043]

Eryn P. O. I'm studying Latin too! =)

[@PolkiSaMalutkie]

Eryn P. O. Caecilius in horto est, k?

[@dplayzanything2911]

this video posted 9 years ago is saving me so much time right now...thank u Mr. Richey

[@nerdinadress5717]

I used your videos all the time last year to prep for AP Euro (got a 4!) and came back for this subject for my government class in college... so much nostalgia for AP classes in high school. Thanks for the great content!

[@MrNikomessi]

Wow, this was astonishingly helpful! Thank you so much

[@freakavva]

greetings from Morocco, great video, loved the last table comparing the two, very helpful, would love to see their ideas versus rousseau and more recent social contract philosopher (proudhon, rawls ...). love the mastodon hints. great help

[@thegame2531]

Thank you for taking this time out to bring us these amazing videos! Your videos are really helping me understand my AP Euro class a lot better. Also your music taste is awesome, did you do the riffs that are in your transition slides?

[@huitian177]

love this video, very vivid, Tom's sense of humor is a real plus for learning ! Thanks Tom, thumb up!

[@arifjamil7545]

I never thought meeting Matt Damon teaching Philosophy.

[@stuartmartin2460]

thanks for doing what you do, i don't know why someone would dislike this video

[@wombatperson5431]

This video got me through both history and English. I'm sure I'll use it through college as well. Thank you for being so amazingly clear and concise and for that fantastic soundtrack. Top notch video.

[@Non91212]

Thanks, I'm the process of writing an essay and this quick overview jogged my memory of what I learned earlier this semester.

[@MorbidObscurity]

An incredibly informative video. The Mastodon inclusion was great, I hope you are enjoying their new album!

[@tomrichey]

Thanks, Hamish! OMATS is no Blood Mountain, but there are some good tracks - especially Chimes at Midnight and Diamond in the Witch House. I'm watching your album review now!

[@manarbouabdallah3808]

i just looove how he simplifies philosophy!!! like OMG !! i just wish we had teachers like him here in Algeria, thank you so much for this lecture :3

[@satyaramc]

simple, interesting, informative and humorous....a cool combination.... keep up the great work....

[@morganhetherington6906]

Your videos really are the best, thank you for making this hard class just a little bit easier!!!

[@CHARLIECRUZIN]

You are a good teacher, very entertaining as well. Bravo

[@tomrichey]

+Charlie Cruz Thanks! ☕️😆👍🏽

[@zabanhi4400]

indeed

[@andyrogers3060]

Thoroughly enjoyable lecture and presented very clearly (and nice use of humour). I'm sure you helped that student out! :) And Mastodon is awesome. Thanks for your efforts.

[@455batuhan]

You have done a beautiful job at explaining these two philosopher's ideas, kudos to you!

[@matthewlewis5353]

Bro still clutching up 8 years later thanks man

[@JacobKohl10]

Oh My Goodness! This was such an entertaining and informational video. My history teacher just spits out information at us, but you make it fun and manageable. Thanks so much!

[@lejardinlowerschoolfrench3796]

From one teacher to another...kudos! I keep telling people, there's no reason to even go to college anymore, except to get that piece of paper and of course if one isn't motivated to study all this independently. This helps me get to essence of what I want to teach my students.

[@rebeccaknaff8644]

Thank you so much for making this kind of content, this video helped me greatly, you are a fantastic teacher!!!

[@sitafati4503]

Amazing videos ,especially that motivation keeps us in focus. Thank you !!!

[@dalzamora222]

Thank you for your clarity. I appreciate your letting history teach us rather than any personal agendas.

[@tomrichey]

I'm glad you liked the video! I'll keep trying to be as clear as possible!

[@robertorodrigueznunez5842]

I'm a philosophy/theology major and let me tell you Tom, you're on it dude...

[@nicholaslewis3277]

Wildly entertaining and gloriously informative. First class job Mr Richey!

[@tomrichey]

Thanks, my friend!

[@covamiiblakney7698]

Thank you Professor to helping me complete my discussion post. You always explain the material in depth and its easy to understand. Great Job Tom!!

[@whoopee25]

Really helpful for my studying. Thanks a lot!

[@tomrichey]

You're welcome! Glad I can help you!

[@rosesofdeath8019]

The difference I find with both philosophers is that Hobbes believed that humans were naturally born evil, and Locke thought that humans were originally born as 'tabula rasas', a state of mind where knowledge is completely nonexistent. Locke thought of them as innocent beings; neither good or evil. That is what I remember from a couple of years ago.(This video brings back the nostalgia I had when I was in high school learning this, and I still know a lot about it now. I remember getting an A- in that English class. Hopefully, I preserve this knowledge so that I can help my younger brother get a more educated understanding of this lesson later on when he's in middle school.)

[@emilyrielly5970]

+Lord Freeza ... thank you for this explanation.

[@thandiwedube3382]

thank you for this timeless video

[@ashokcharan1769]

The best online series I've come across thus far. Richey you absolutely are the best tutor after myself of course. Yes I too teach history and found you so outta world. Just one suggestion is that try to incorporate as much dimensions as you can accommodate because they fetch more marks in spite of being obvious and useless.

[@GRangelMG]

Man, your explanation is amazing!! I'm brazilian and i'm going to have a test in 2 hours in my college and u just told, brightly, what i needed!! Thanks!!

[@tomrichey]

Glad I could help, Gabriel!

[@jasonpender2147]

That's a cop out lad

[@m.elakecheawantang9287]

Loved it! History has never been illustrated so clear !!! :-)

[@matteobizzotto1237]

school can be - and should be - entertainment as well as preparation ;)

[@matteobizzotto1237]

Education is the journey towards a future job; it doesn't need to be boring or reflect the potential negative aspects of the working world. Don't be so pessimistic and start looking at the positive side of everything ;)

[@AD-ig6lq]

The video was perfect and went over everything I needed to know for my test today! Thank you so much. Subbed.

[@jonathanmaxwell964]

Thank you for the help!

[@abhilashapant7775]

Hello sir, I am Abhilasha. I closely follow your videos on Political science. They are very very very interesting. I would like to request you to please make a video on Rousseau and about the General Will.

[@helanasfi2432]

You're a life savior man !!!! keep rockin'!

[@NikkiS905]

Fantastic video and a great help! My professor at university enjoys this subject a lot but goes off topic a little bit and his slides are not great. This has cleared up a lot for me in time for my exam. I love your style of teaching, very easy to listen and understand :) thank you so much!!

[@shaundonovan2193]

Great Stuff! keep up the good work Mr. Richey. I wish I had these videos when I was in school 20 years ago. Thanks

[@johnmcnichol207]

I love using dynamic vids like this to illustrate points to my students. Tom, you manage to make works like this *WITHOUT* resorting to cheap tricks like profanity, double entendres or scatalogical humor. You instead use a relaxed, gentle wit and confident knowledge to get your point across. There's no need for me to worry when I show your vids to my students- even those who don;t like Mastadon say you're better than John Green. :) Take care, JM

[@elliespassport]

So, I, now, understand! Thank you so much Tom, this was so helpful! My exam is on Monday and I feel more confident about it now. Greetings from London.

[@tomrichey]

Elitsa Yordanova I'm glad I could help! I hope your exam goes well tomorrow! :D

[@TBAILS]

Amazing video definitely will be using this for my discussion post!

[@lucasfarias2432]

Thank you so much for the many detailed pieces of information, professor Tom, big thumbs up!!

[@legofan431]

thanks, that was really helpful!

[@tomrichey]

+legofan431 Glad to hear it!

[@williamberthelot4128]

I like your pronunciation of Bossuet! :) (From a French Canadian ! )

[@halwag]

Bossuei.

[@abrilcotti9626]

Tom Richie, you have just saved an Argentine student's life. THANK YOU!

[@ScreamingEagles101s1]

Thank you SOOOO much. My finals are coming up and this was perfect for me. It answered every one of my questions

[@serbronn604]

Oh my goodness guys, we might get to see the Leviathan in our lifetime... oh boy!

[@miladhemati612]

you just saved my ass with this bro, good shit I aced that exam.

[@tomrichey]

GLAD TO HEAR IT!!!

[@ViswanathM91]

+BLUE PRINT Of course he likes your ass...

[@austinblaine5942]

Love the FFA in the background thanks for making this so much easier to understand!

[@MichaelIluma]

Awesome video! You're a great teacher and have helped me prepare for my Philosophy midterm!

[@haidera17]

British Pakistani guy speaking here (with a pure British accent and Asian impressions) - I think your accent is utterly brilliant! =D

[@robertoconnell8153]

I don’t think Jefferson was worried about plagiarism when he changed property to the pursuit of happinesses. I think it’s more plausible that he didn’t want poor people thinking that they had any right to land. Just my opinion! Loved the video and the sound track lol🤘

[@lauraracciatti2800]

Hey, Tom! Thanks to your video I passed a test. It was really helpful!

[@23firecracker]

thank you so much! i had to read a piece from each philosopher and write a paper comparing and contrasting the two men. your video helped me understand so much better!!!!

[@anondoggo]

I didn't appreciate these ideas enough back when I learned them in AP Euro. Now I'm relearning them again out of interest. Thank you for your videos!

[@irintheutubefan]

this guys a legend

[@tomrichey]

irintheutubefan Legen... wait for it... DARY!

[@dylancrist2591]

I love you Richey. I found your channel via your APUSH series and I absolutely love these theory-type videos!! Keep me coming!

[@tomrichey]

+Dylan Crist Thank you! I'll keep making these videos as long as people like you are watching. Especially honored when people who find me via the AP videos enjoy some of the other content.

[@missfatima8811]

I hace an exam tomorrow and have lots of books with academics who write far toooooo much, your summaries are really helpful . Straight to the point

[@reachforacreech]

its not that i dont trust anybody, its just that i dont trust some people and since im not sure who those people are i must act the same with all people just in case.

[@BradyPostma]

I think Hobbes could get to his same conclusions from that starting place.

[@rileywebb9]

What I took from this is that while you wouldn't drink the blood, you would still slit the throat. Huh.

[@natewashup2151]

I was so impressed at the lecture I just watched that I just came up with an idea to ask if you have ever thought about turning the lectures into a podcast?

[@gokuha8676]

Great choice of intro music and awesome video this channel needs a million subs

[@Chris-ci8vs]

I like a lot of Hobbes' premises, but not his conclusions. As much as it would be great, do not see it as realistic for there to be a benevolent dictator (which if it were, would help overcome problems of democracy that Socrates identified).

[@nebojsagalic4246]

Actually Hobbes, as far as I know does give people the right to depose a monarch if he starts outright killing them.

[@linkinmusic559]

+Nebojsa Galic That's what The School of Life said in their video about Thomas Hobbes.

[@DalonCole]

+Nebojsa Galic Nope Hobbes believed that once you submitted you STAYED submitted. NO NATURAL RIGHTS to individual rights.

[@chyetardbus]

+Stephen Coleman nope. according to hobbes in leviathan, the sovereign's authority is absolute but not limitless. when the sovereign fails to protect, it's authority is relinquished. It would be a matter of a broken social covenant.

[@gajorg69]

+Nebojsa Galic The right is to flee the monarch and return to the state of nature, because the soveriegn has already returned you to the state of nature by making a direct assault on your right of nature: self preservation.

[@chadcrabtree6455]

+Nebojsa Galic My understanding has always been that Hobbes does not give the right to rebel against a monarch. The catch is--and I recognize this is contradictory--that in the event that the people DO attempt to depose the sovereign, it is legitimate if they are successful. So, basically, they have no right to do it...unless they win. This is based on the idea that, if the people are successful in deposing the sovereign, it must be because the sovereign was illegitimate--i.e., the sovereign was weak and could not perform its function, thus was illegitimate.

[@Stanzbey69]

Made me pass my philosophy exam with your videos 👏👏. This one was especially helpful cuz the prof rlly liked to ask questions about Hobbes and Locke!

[@manoellapereira132]

Amazing for reviewing! thanks a lot!

[@Elosbyuri]

i believe youre a vampire..

[@UthruilSlawson]

Reading a Passage with a Mastodon in the background. EPIC That's how you should read the Bible people!

[@DeFunnyMau5]

@@BBQcheese Fuck off. Even if you aren't Christian, the Bible is still a great work

[@bobwilkinsonguitar6142]

@@BBQcheese IF you're watching philosophy videos, and havent yet adressed the bible in your worldview, your worldview is entirely incomplete

[@lenkagmitrova3915]

I'm from Slovakia, studying anglophone studies and thank God for this video! I finally understand this topic. Thank you!

[@austcp4472]

Brilliant video. Clarified the key issues and has made the contrast between the two eminently clear.

[@andrewperez6372]

Wow i just realized by watching your video that my college professor basically copied everything you said in the manner you said it, INCLUDING some of your jokes.. smh

[@tomrichey]

He's learning from the best! Did he threaten to slit your throat? lol

[@BillSalem]

Why do you lock your door? We lock our door against the one, not against the many. Whenever I have left the door open and unlocked, nobody has even tried to violate my peace. Thus I would say that the many are good, but the one among the many may wreak harm, not because the one is necessarily evil by nature, but poverty, especially poverty which results from bad government, may drive one to desperate acts. Poverty is a subsidiary evil, which derives from the one primary evil, bad government. [Love the dialogue. Many thanks.]

[@JMM4886]

Criminality is proportionate across all socioeconomic strata (in the US). I would disagree that poverty is the primary motivator for criminality.

[@iamgodofhumancollective5968]

JMM4886 Statistics clearly show poverty (greed or want for luxury items) as the greatest cause of crime, followed by population and diversity.

[@JMM4886]

Please cite a peer-reviewed source for this. The imprisonment rate of the poor is disproportionate, not the rate at which each socioeconomic class commits crime. Speeding is a crime, I would imagine the affluent are much more capable of committing this crime than the impoverished. You've no parameters set to your argument, and it is also a false notion that poverty is the motivator for criminality; if that were so--a critical mass of impoverished persons would be criminals, and not a minority.

[@iamgodofhumancollective5968]

JMM4886 Look city by city within the US, its undeniable that poverty mixed with dense population is the driving force behind crime and murder, has nothing to do with guns, guns are just a tool of choice criminals use to commit the crime , not what gives them the intent. Ban guns and criminals will not only still get guns, they will start using other weapons, and it will be easier for them to prey on people because they will feel safer acting on their intent. Only .002 % of people who buy a gun legally go on to use it in a crime, 98.8% of guns purchased legally are never used in a crime. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_crime_rate_(2012) When a criminal feels safe, they commit more crime. Research conducted by Professors James Wright and Peter Rossi,6 for a landmark study funded by the U.S. Department of Justice, points to the armed citizen as possibly the most effective deterrent to crime in the nation. Wright and Rossi questioned over 1,800 felons serving time in prisons across the nation and found: 81% agreed the "smart criminal" will try to find out if a potential victim is armed. 74% felt that burglars avoided occupied dwellings for fear of being shot. 80% of "handgun predators" had encountered armed citizens. 40% did not commit a specific crime for fear that the victim was armed. 34% of "handgun predators" were scared off or shot at by armed victims. 57% felt that the typical criminal feared being shot by citizens more than he feared being shot by police. Professor Kleck estimates that annually 1,500-2,800 felons are legally killed in "excusable self-defense" or "justifiable" shootings by civilians, and 8,000-16,000 criminals are wounded. This compares to 300-600 justifiable homicides by police. Yet, in most instances, civilians used a firearm to threaten, apprehend, shoot at a criminal, or to fire a warning shot without injuring anyone. Based on his extensive independent survey research, Kleck estimates that each year Americans use guns for protection from criminals more than 2.5 million times annually. 7 U.S. Department of Justice victimization surveys show that protective use of a gun lessens the chance that robberies, rapes, and assaults will be successfully completed while also reducing the likelihood of victim injury. Clearly, criminals fear armed citizens.

[@JMM4886]

***** Criminality is not driven solely by poverty, poverty may be a contributing factor, but criminality across the board is relatively equal. If you're referring to incarceration rates, then yes, the poor are regularly incarcerated more than the affluent and middle class. There are a number of reasons why: social ties within the community, ability to afford good legal representation, types of crime ranging in severity of criminality due to arbitrary MMS (i.e. possession of "crack"--commonly attributed to be a drug of the less affluent, and possession of cocaine--commonly a drug attributed to the more affluent; 1g of crack is a felony while 1g of cocaine is a misdemeanor [in GA]). If poverty were the motivator for criminality, there would be relatively little "poor" people on the streets, and in the communities and cities of the United States. Secondly, I have no idea where your firearm rant came from. I agree with your sentiment, but it is all moot as it has nothing to do with the discussion here within this comment thread. And, I would not use "wikipedia" as your primary source of reference. I know of a professor that purposefully alter facts in Wikipedia just because.. not to mention what the average internet user does to the information within. Lastly, I'm not !00% certain on the number, but most murders are crimes of passion (a.k.a. heat of the moment). Poverty does not make one more susceptible to passion.

[@TransVirgin118]

This was a HUGE help! Especially understanding background of Hobbes seeing his king of England being beheaded AND Locke saw the American Revolution and saw people working together. That background gave a HUGE picture between "Leveithan moster ruler" for Hobbes and for congress like Locke. Thankyou! Super helpful

[@jbasti227]

Thank you for explaining this topic so thoroughly and thank you especially for including Mastodon's Leviathan. One of my favorite albums by one of my favorite bands.

[@eyeclothe6]

Thx richey i just took my exam and it totally helped me out even doe i dont need these vids ever again i will always recommend any one to u!

[@jessieprado6778]

I love you! I always watch your videos they help sooooo much!!!

[@GriffyGood]

Tom Richey, you are such a better resource for notes than the cruddy textbook my school gave us. thanks so much

[@gvillemarcie]

Great lecture, *****! Translated Hobbes and Job 41 with theme music..awe-inspiring! BEST video lecture on the TCTC HIS 101 Test IV playlist.

[@MiguelaLuvBrunoMars]

this will surely help me on my essay! will definetly continue watching your videos of philosophy lectures and what you say is very helpful. Thank you for your educational videos!

[@tomrichey]

Glad I could help you! I'll have to make sure to keep making these philosophy lectures...

[@Guz579N]

Your channel is very fun.. and useful at the same time. I love how you explain things keeping it simple. So great to practice my English and refresh the knowledge at the same time. Great charisma, great competence, great fun. Cheers.

[@Whifflefit]

Man, Thank You! Currently pulling an all nighter for a modern political thought exam in the morning, shout out from Ireland, decent taste in tunes too :)

[@HollisterLoveRush]

Love that you made the Mastodon connection. I'll never forget the name of Hobbes' work thanks to you :)

[@lydiajohnson2043]

You're great! =) I'm an Italian studying also Latin and Greeck. I understood the whole video! It's simply useful and fab! ;) Thank you!

[@digitalheatmap]

Thanks Tom - this is of gr8 help for my revision

[@hexahexametermeter]

Thanks for these videos….always fun.

[@tomrichey]

openskycreative Thank you for watching them!

[@jlarios80]

Outstanding channel! Many years trying to bring to simple terms the enlightenment theorists and you have done it brilliantly and simple. Thank you.

[@tomrichey]

Julio Larios Thanks a bunch! I'm a history teacher dabbling in political philosophy, but I think that makes it more accessible to a lot of people. It's been great to see this video connect with so many people!